CN117530282A - 一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂。一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂，其有效成分由利血平和双苯菌胺二元复配而成。本发明的利血平和双苯菌胺进行复配时，两种有效成分无交互抗性，共毒系数均大于120，表现出很好的协同增效作用。与单剂相比，可以提高对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病的防治效果，同时可以减少农药的施用剂量，降低农药残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂。
背景技术
澳洲坚果，别名夏威夷果，是一种原产于澳洲的澳洲坚果属植物，其不但具有较高的经济价值，还具有很好的营养价值和药用价值，素有“干果之王”的美誉。在澳洲坚果种植过程中，其果实受帚梗柱孢的侵染会出现黑斑病，病害发生初期，果实上出现黑色圆形病斑，严重时病斑可连片，病斑上可见有白色菌丝和分生孢子，影响澳洲坚果的产量和品质。喷施化学农药是防治澳洲坚果果实黑斑病的常用手段，但长期使用单一化学农药会造成病害抗药性的产生，导致化学农药对其的防治效果降低。
利血平是一种吲哚型生物碱，化学式为C33H40N2O9，无色晶体，易溶于氯仿、二氯甲烷和冰醋酸。在临床上，利血平能降低血压和减慢心率，作用缓慢、温和而持久，对中枢神经系统有持久的安定作用，是一种很好的镇静药。经研究发现，利血平对多种不同作用机制的杀菌剂都有显著的增效作用，申请号CN201810979216.5，就公开了利血平在植物灰霉病防治中作为杀菌增效剂的应用。
经发明人研究发现，利血平和吡唑萘菌胺、双苯菌胺或双炔酰菌胺进行复配时，在一定质量比范围内表现出增效作用，可以提高对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病的防治效果，目前尚未见有相关报道。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂，其可以提高澳洲坚果果实黑斑病的防治效果，为开发新型杀菌剂提供帮助。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂，其有效成分由利血平和双苯菌胺二元复配而成。
作为优选，所述利血平和双苯菌胺的质量比为1-10：8-1。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的利血平和双苯菌胺进行复配时，两种有效成分无交互抗性，共毒系数均大于120，表现出很好的协同增效作用。与单剂相比，可以提高对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病的防治效果，同时可以减少农药的施用剂量，降低农药残留。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例：利血平复配后的室内生物活性试验
供试药剂：98％利血平(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)、92％吡唑萘菌胺(先正达南通作物保护有限公司)、98％双苯菌胺(沈阳化工研究院有限公司)、93％双炔酰菌胺(瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司)。
供试病原菌：从果园采摘受病原侵染的澳洲坚果果实，在实验室内分离纯化，经鉴定该病原菌为帚梗柱孢。
试验方法：
1.将原药先用二甲基亚砜溶解，再用0.1％吐温-80稀释分别配制单剂母液，设置多组配比，各单剂及每组配比混剂均按等比方法设置6个梯度质量浓度，备用。
2.在无菌的条件下将预先融化的PDA培养基定量加入无菌锥形瓶中，从低浓度到高浓度依次定量吸取药液，分别加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇均。然后等量倒入4个直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成含药平板，同时设只含二甲基亚砜和0.1％吐温-80的空白对照处理，每个处理3个重复。
3.在无菌的条件下，用直径为5mm的灭菌打孔器在菌落边缘打孔，制成直径为5mm的菌饼；用接种器将菌饼接种于含药平板中央，菌丝面朝上，盖上皿盖后置于25℃的培养箱中培养。
4.待空白对照菌落的直径达培养皿直径的2/3以上时，用卡尺测量菌落直径，每个菌落用十字交叉法垂直测量直径各一次，取其平均值，计算各处理的菌丝生长抑制率，用DPS软件对药剂浓度对数值和菌丝生长抑制几率值进行回归分析，计算各处理药剂的EC50，并根据孙云沛法计算混剂的共毒系数(CTC值)。
菌落增长直径＝D1-D2，D1为菌落直径，D2为菌饼直径(在本实施例中，菌饼直径为5mm)；
菌丝生长抑制率(％)＝[(D0-Dt)/D0]×100，D0为空白对照菌落增长直径；Dt为药剂处理菌落增长直径；
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂EC50÷供试药剂EC50)×100；
理论毒力指数(TTI)＝A药剂毒力指数×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂毒力指数×混剂中B的百分含量；
共毒系数(CTC)＝[混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)/混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)]×100。
按照联合作用划分标准：共毒系数(CTC)≥120表现为增效作用；共毒系数(CTC)≤80表现为拮抗作用；80<共毒系数(CTC)<120表现为相加作用。实验结果见表1-3。
表1利血平和吡唑萘菌胺复配对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 利血平 | 39.15 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 吡唑萘菌胺 | 9.62 | 406.96 | -- | -- |
| 利血平1：吡唑萘菌胺5 | 7.38 | 530.49 | 355.80 | 149.10 |
| 利血平1：吡唑萘菌胺4 | 5.26 | 744.30 | 345.57 | 215.38 |
| 利血平1：吡唑萘菌胺3 | 3.25 | 1204.62 | 330.22 | 364.79 |
| 利血平1：吡唑萘菌胺2 | 1.81 | 2162.98 | 304.64 | 710.01 |
| 利血平1：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 2.73 | 1434.07 | 253.48 | 565.75 |
| 利血平5：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 4.19 | 934.37 | 151.16 | 618.13 |
| 利血平10：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 6.44 | 607.92 | 127.91 | 475.29 |
| 利血平15：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 8.13 | 481.55 | 119.19 | 404.03 |
| 利血平20：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 10.26 | 381.58 | 114.62 | 332.92 |
| 利血平25：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 15.94 | 245.61 | 111.81 | 219.67 |
| 利血平30：吡唑萘菌胺1 | 20.67 | 189.40 | 109.90 | 172.34 |
从表1可以看出，利血平和吡唑萘菌胺复配后，在质量比为1-30：5-1范围内对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表2利血平和双苯菌胺复配对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌的室内生物活性测定
从表2可以看出，利血平和双苯菌胺复配后，在质量比为1-10：8-1范围内对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
表3利血平和双炔酰菌胺复配对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌的室内生物活性测定
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 利血平 | 39.15 | 100.00 | -- | -- |
| 双炔酰菌胺 | 21.46 | 182.43 | -- | -- |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺20 | 11.57 | 338.38 | 178.51 | 189.56 |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺15 | 9.64 | 406.12 | 177.28 | 229.08 |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺10 | 5.38 | 727.70 | 174.94 | 415.97 |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺8 | 3.53 | 1109.07 | 173.27 | 640.07 |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺5 | 7.26 | 539.26 | 168.69 | 319.67 |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺2 | 10.35 | 378.26 | 154.95 | 244.11 |
| 利血平1：双炔酰菌胺1 | 14.82 | 264.17 | 141.22 | 187.07 |
| 利血平2：双炔酰菌胺1 | 16.11 | 243.02 | 127.48 | 190.64 |
| 利血平4：双炔酰菌胺1 | 20.87 | 187.59 | 116.49 | 161.04 |
| 利血平6：双炔酰菌胺1 | 12.72 | 307.78 | 111.78 | 275.36 |
从表3可以看出，利血平和双炔酰菌胺复配后，在质量比为1-6：20-1范围内对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌的共毒系数均大于120，表现为增效作用。
从表1-3可以看出，本发明利血平和吡唑萘菌胺、双苯菌胺或双炔酰菌胺复配后在一定质量比范围内对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病病原菌均表现为增效，可以提高对澳洲坚果果实黑斑病的防治效果。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (2)
1.一种果实黑斑病的防治药剂，其特征在于，其有效成分由利血平和双苯菌胺二元复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治药剂，其特征在于，所述利血平和双苯菌胺的质量比为1-10：8-1。
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