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CN117514536A - Engine cold start control system, cold start method, engine and vehicle - Google Patents

Engine cold start control system, cold start method, engine and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117514536A
CN117514536A CN202210905816.3A CN202210905816A CN117514536A CN 117514536 A CN117514536 A CN 117514536A CN 202210905816 A CN202210905816 A CN 202210905816A CN 117514536 A CN117514536 A CN 117514536A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cylinder
engine
cylinders
power
temperature
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Pending
Application number
CN202210905816.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵振兴
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Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
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Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Application filed by Great Wall Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210905816.3A priority Critical patent/CN117514536A/en
Publication of CN117514536A publication Critical patent/CN117514536A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/0077—Control of the EGR valve or actuator, e.g. duty cycle, closed loop control of position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/045—Fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/06—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
    • F02M31/08—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air the gases being exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1816—Number of cylinders four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1824—Number of cylinders six
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F02D2021/083—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine controlling exhaust gas recirculation electronically

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an engine cold start control system, a cold start method, an engine and a vehicle, which belong to the technical field of engines, wherein the control system comprises a plurality of cylinders, the working states of the cylinders circularly work according to the sequence of an air inlet stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke, different cylinders are respectively in different strokes in the same period, and the previous cylinder and the next cylinder are communicated through an air entraining pipe according to the sequence of the power stroke so as to form a circulating air path for conducting part of high-temperature exhaust to the next cylinder when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke; each air-inducing pipe is provided with a control valve. According to the invention, part of high-temperature exhaust gas in the previous cylinder in the power stroke is led into the next cylinder in the compression stroke, and the gas temperature in the next cylinder to be subjected to power is raised by utilizing the high-temperature exhaust gas, so that the ambient temperature meets the temperature condition of compression ignition when the cylinder is subjected to power, the cold start of the engine is realized, and the problem of cold start of the engine is solved.

Description

Engine cold start control system, cold start method, engine and vehicle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to an engine cold start control system, a cold start method, an engine and a vehicle.
Background
Compared with a gasoline engine, the diesel engine has the advantages of high safety, long service life, economy, durability, low speed, large torque and environmental protection. The work of each cylinder of the engine comprises four strokes of air suction, compression, work doing and exhaust, the ignition mode of the diesel engine is compression ignition, and the diesel oil sprayed from the fuel spray nozzle at the end of the compression stroke is subjected to compression ignition by compressed high-temperature air. However, because the ignition point of diesel oil is higher, in a low-temperature environment, the temperature of cold air sucked into a cylinder is low, high-temperature compressed air compressed and heated by a compression stroke still cannot reach the temperature of compression ignition of the diesel oil, and fuel particles cannot be combusted in a combustion chamber due to low-temperature freezing, so that the low-temperature starting of the diesel engine is difficult, and the application of the diesel engine in the cold environment is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an engine cold start control system, a cold start method, an engine and a vehicle, and aims to solve the problem that a diesel engine is difficult to start at a low temperature.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: provided is an engine cold start control system including: the working states of the cylinders circularly work according to the sequence of an air inlet stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke, different cylinders are respectively in different strokes in the same time period, and the previous cylinder and the next cylinder are communicated through an air bleed pipe according to the sequence of the power stroke, so that a circulating air path for conducting part of high-temperature exhaust to the next cylinder when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke is formed; and each air guide pipe is respectively provided with a control valve.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation manner, when the number of the cylinders is four, according to the sequence of power strokes, each cylinder is divided into a first power cylinder, a second power cylinder, a third power cylinder and a fourth power cylinder, wherein the first power cylinder, the second power cylinder, the third power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder are sequentially communicated through a bleed air pipe, the fourth power cylinder is communicated with the first power cylinder through the bleed air pipe to form a circulating gas circuit, and each bleed air pipe is respectively provided with the control valve; or (b)
When the number of the cylinders is six, according to the sequence of power strokes, each cylinder is divided into a first power cylinder, a second power cylinder, a third power cylinder, a fourth power cylinder, a fifth power cylinder and a sixth power cylinder, wherein the first power cylinder, the second power cylinder, the third power cylinder, the fourth power cylinder, the fifth power cylinder and the sixth power cylinder are sequentially communicated through a bleed air pipe, the sixth power cylinder is communicated with the first power cylinder through the bleed air pipe to form a circulating gas circuit, and each bleed air pipe is respectively provided with a control valve.
With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, an inner wall of the gas guiding tube is coated with a lanthanum oxide layer.
According to the engine cold start control system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the air guide pipes are sequentially communicated according to the sequence of the power strokes of the cylinders, when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke, the control valve connected with the air guide pipe of the next cylinder is opened, the control valve connected with the air guide pipe of the previous cylinder is in a closed state, part of high-temperature exhaust of the previous cylinder is guided into the next cylinder, after the previous power stroke is finished, the control valve connected with the air guide pipe of the next cylinder is closed, the next cylinder starts to do power, and the control valve between the next cylinder and the next cylinder is opened, so that the flow of part of high-temperature exhaust in a circulating gas path is realized. Through the structure, part of high-temperature exhaust is conducted back and forth between the cylinders which are communicated back and forth, and the high-temperature exhaust is mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the cylinders, so that the temperature of the oil-gas mixture in the cylinders can be increased, the ambient temperature in the cylinders can rapidly meet the required temperature condition, and the low-temperature cold start of the engine is realized; and the high-temperature exhaust gas can also carry fuel oil which is insufficiently combusted to enter the cylinder body of the next working cylinder, so that the combustion efficiency is improved.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for cold starting an engine, based on the engine cold start control system, the method includes:
acquiring the ambient temperature of an engine;
when the ambient temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature of the engine, the cylinders introduce part of high-temperature exhaust gas in the previous cylinder into the next cylinder according to the sequence of the preset power stroke when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke so as to be mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the next cylinder.
With reference to the second aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the control cylinder receives part of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the previous cylinder and sends part of the high-temperature exhaust gas to the next cylinder through the opening and closing sequence of the control valves on the front and rear gas guide pipes of the cylinder.
With reference to the second aspect, in one possible implementation manner, each cylinder injects fuel multiple times at the end of the compression stroke until reaching the preset fuel quantity.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the fuel quantity of each injection is the same and is equally spaced.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the number of times of injecting the fuel is 4-10.
With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the ambient temperature is less than-25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the engine cold start method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: because the temperature of the air in the cylinder with the power stroke is increased due to the work, part of high-temperature exhaust gas after the temperature increase is led into the cylinder after the compression stroke at the moment and is mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the cylinder after the compression stroke, the temperature of the oil-gas mixture in the cylinder can be increased, so that the ambient temperature in the cylinder can rapidly meet the required temperature condition, the low-temperature cold start of the engine is realized, and the difficult problem of low-temperature start difficulty of the diesel engine is solved.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an engine, which has the engine cold start control system.
The engine provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize low-temperature cold start of the engine and improve the reliability of the engine in low-temperature environment due to the adoption of the cold start control system.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the invention further provides a vehicle, and the engine is adopted.
The vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention greatly expands the application environment of the vehicle due to the adoption of the engine capable of being started at low temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single cylinder of an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an engine architecture employing bleed air duct connections according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate:
1. an intake valve; 2. a glow plug; 3. an oil injector; 4. an air-introducing pipe; 5. an exhaust valve; 6. an electromagnetic valve; 7. a cylinder; 8. a second cylinder; 9. three cylinders; 10. four cylinders.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 together, an engine cold start control system provided in an embodiment of the invention includes: the working states of the cylinders circularly work according to the sequence of an air inlet stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke, different cylinders are respectively in different strokes in the same period, the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are communicated through air entraining pipes according to the sequence of the power stroke, so that a circulating air path for conducting part of high-temperature exhaust to the rear cylinder when the front cylinder is in the power stroke is formed, and each air entraining pipe 4 is respectively provided with a control valve.
According to the engine cold start control system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the air guide pipes are sequentially communicated according to the sequence of the power strokes of the cylinders, when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke, the control valve connected with the air guide pipe of the next cylinder is opened, the control valve connected with the air guide pipe of the previous cylinder is in a closed state, part of high-temperature exhaust of the previous cylinder is guided into the next cylinder, after the power stroke of the previous cylinder is finished, the control valve connected with the air guide pipe of the next cylinder is closed, the next cylinder starts to do work, and the control valve between the next cylinder and the next cylinder is opened, so that the flow of part of high-temperature exhaust in a circulating gas path is realized. Through the structure, part of high-temperature exhaust is conducted back and forth between the cylinders which are communicated back and forth, and the high-temperature exhaust is mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the cylinders, so that the temperature of the oil-gas mixture in the cylinders can be increased, the ambient temperature in the cylinders can rapidly meet the required temperature condition, and the low-temperature cold start of the engine is realized; and the high-temperature exhaust gas also carries fuel oil which is insufficiently combusted to enter the cylinder body of the next working cylinder, so that the combustion efficiency is improved.
It should be noted that, since the cylinders are connected in the firing order, although the cycle gas path is formed, the first working cylinder cannot obtain the high-temperature exhaust gas from the previous cylinder, and the scheme of the present invention is started after each cylinder of the engine runs for one week, but this does not affect the specific implementation of the scheme, so the description of the above scheme is clearly understood. The invention is applicable to a four-stroke multi-cylinder engine, and the four-stroke is a definite prior art, namely: intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke. The multi-cylinder engine can be any multi-cylinder four-stroke engine in the prior art. The control valve in the circulating gas path is used for controlling the flow direction of high-temperature exhaust, and the control valve can be opened or closed sequentially.
As an alternative embodiment, each cylinder can be connected independently to the successive cylinders via bleed ducts 4, in which case two bleed ducts 4 are arranged on one cylinder. Of course, in order to reduce the number of openings in the cylinders, it is also possible to provide one bleed duct on the cylinder, to which bleed duct the other bleed duct, which communicates with the preceding cylinder or the following cylinder, is directly connected.
As an alternative embodiment, when the number of the cylinders is three, each cylinder is divided into a first acting cylinder, a second acting cylinder and a third acting cylinder according to the sequence of acting strokes. The first acting cylinder, the second acting cylinder and the third acting cylinder are communicated through the air guide pipes 4 in sequence, the third acting cylinder is communicated with the first acting cylinder through the air guide pipes 4 to form a circulating air path, and each air guide pipe 4 is provided with a control valve. The first acting cylinder, the second acting cylinder and the third acting cylinder are sequentially communicated by virtue of the air-entraining pipes, and each air-entraining pipe is provided with a control valve, so that the effect of sequentially conducting high-temperature exhaust is achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the control valves.
As an alternative embodiment, when the number of the cylinders is four, each cylinder is divided into a first acting cylinder, a second acting cylinder, a third acting cylinder and a fourth acting cylinder according to the sequence of acting strokes. The first acting cylinder, the second acting cylinder, the third acting cylinder and the fourth acting cylinder are communicated through the air guide pipes 4 in sequence, the fourth acting cylinder is communicated with the first acting cylinder through the air guide pipes 4 to form a circulating air circuit, and each air guide pipe 4 is provided with a control valve.
Taking the second acting cylinder as an example, when the first acting cylinder acts, a control valve on an air guide pipe communicated with the second acting cylinder is opened, at the moment, part of high-temperature exhaust gas discharged by the first acting cylinder enters the second acting cylinder through the air guide pipe 4, and then the opened control valve is closed. The high-temperature exhaust gas entering the second working cylinder heats the oil-gas mixture in the second working cylinder, when the second working cylinder discharges the high-temperature exhaust gas, a control valve on an air guide pipe communicated with the second working cylinder and the third working cylinder is opened, at the moment, part of the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the third working cylinder before the third working cylinder performs work, and the first working cylinder to the second working cylinder, the second working cylinder to the third working cylinder, the third working cylinder to the fourth working cylinder and the fourth working cylinder to the first working cylinder reciprocate. When the state of the engine reaches the set working state, all control valves are closed, and the engine is normally operated.
In a specific embodiment, taking an in-line four-cylinder engine as an example, please refer to fig. 2, the in-line four-cylinder engine includes, in order from left to right in the figure, a cylinder 7, a two-cylinder 8, a three-cylinder 9, and a four-cylinder 10, and the work sequence of the conventional four-cylinder engine is as follows: one cylinder 7, three cylinders 9, four cylinders 10, two cylinders 8 or one cylinder 7, two cylinders 8, four cylinders 10, three cylinders 9. After the working sequence is set, the connection sequence of the first working cylinder, the second working cylinder, the third working cylinder and the fourth working cylinder can be corresponding to the working sequence.
For example, the work order is: one cylinder 7, three cylinders 9, four cylinders 10 and two cylinders 8. One cylinder 7 is communicated with three cylinders 9 through one air guide pipe 4, the three cylinders 9 are communicated with four cylinders 10 through one air guide pipe 4, the four cylinders 10 are communicated with two cylinders 8 through one air guide pipe 4, the two cylinders 8 are communicated with one cylinder 7 through one air guide pipe 4, thus forming a circulating air path, each air guide pipe 4 is provided with a control valve for controlling the air guide pipe 4 to be communicated or closed, and the control valve can be an electromagnetic valve 6.
The application of the heat guiding principle is described below: in a low-temperature environment, after the engine is started, part of unburned and part of burnt high-temperature exhaust gas in one cylinder 7 in a power stroke is higher than the gas-air mixture in three cylinders 9, part of high-temperature exhaust gas (15% -25%) in one cylinder 7 is led into the three cylinders 9 in a compression stroke through the bleed air pipe 4, and the gas-air mixture with higher temperature can be formed in the three cylinders 9 due to the fact that the high-temperature exhaust gas with higher temperature than the high-temperature compressed air of the three cylinders 9 is led into the three cylinders, so that the environment temperature in the three cylinders 9 in the compression stroke is improved, the temperature condition of compression ignition can be met by the gas temperature in the three cylinders 9 when the three cylinders 9 are in the power stroke, and low-temperature starting success of the engine is realized.
Of course, the present embodiment takes the compression ignition engine as an example, and the low-temperature start of the compression ignition engine is realized, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. In a low temperature environment, the invention can be applied to any four-stroke multi-cylinder engine, such as a gasoline engine with a spark plug, in order to enable the engine to reach a desired operating condition more quickly.
As another alternative embodiment, when the number of cylinders is six, each cylinder is divided into a first working cylinder, a second working cylinder, a third working cylinder, a fourth working cylinder, a fifth working cylinder and a sixth working cylinder according to the sequence of the working strokes. The first acting cylinder, the second acting cylinder, the third acting cylinder, the fourth acting cylinder, the fifth acting cylinder and the sixth acting cylinder are sequentially communicated through the air guide pipes 4, the sixth acting cylinder is communicated with the first acting cylinder through the air guide pipes 4 to form a circulating air path, and each air guide pipe 4 is provided with a control valve. The first acting cylinder, the second acting cylinder, the third acting cylinder, the fourth acting cylinder, the fifth acting cylinder and the sixth acting cylinder are sequentially communicated by the bleed air pipes 4, and each bleed air pipe 4 is provided with a control valve, so that the effect of sequentially conducting high-temperature exhaust is achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the control valves.
It should be noted that, the present invention only enumerates several specific embodiments for multiple cylinders, but according to the connection mode and arrangement concept of the present invention, eight cylinders, ten cylinders and twelve cylinders can be arranged without any inventive labor by referring to the previous concepts of four cylinders and six cylinders, and therefore, all the methods are within the scope of protection of the present application.
In this embodiment, the bleed air pipes 4 are each connected to the combustion chamber of a respective cylinder. The combustion chamber is provided with an intake valve 1, an exhaust valve 5, a glow plug 2 and an oil sprayer 3, so as to realize air intake and exhaust of the cylinder and oil injection into the cylinder.
As an alternative embodiment, the inner wall of the gas-guiding tube is coated with a lanthanum oxide layer.
The inner wall of the gas-introducing pipe 4 is coated with a lanthanum oxide layer (La) 2 O 3 )，La 2 O 3 Has two functions: one is capable of helping "HC" crack into "C", "H", and helping "C" with the surrounding "O or O 2 "reaction"; secondly, la 2 O 3 Can also help HC and O 2 The reaction is carried out directly. In other words, the bleed air pipe 4 is internally coated with La 2 O 3 Can avoid the generation of carbon depositThe problem that the air induction pipe 4 is blocked due to carbon deposition in the long-term use process is avoided, so that the air induction amount required by the low-temperature cold start of the air induction pipe 4 can be ensured, and the low-temperature cold start performance of an engine is ensured.
The reaction equation is: HC+O 2 →H 2 O+CO 2 。
The engine cold start control system provided by the embodiment can be improved on the basis of the existing cylinder, and is simple in structure, convenient to improve and easy to realize.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, a method for cold start of an engine according to the present invention will now be described. A method of cold starting an engine, the method comprising:
acquiring the ambient temperature of an engine;
when the ambient temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature of the engine, the cylinders introduce part of high-temperature exhaust gas in the previous cylinder into the next cylinder according to the sequence of the preset power stroke when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke so as to be mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the next cylinder.
The environmental temperature can be directly acquired by using a control unit of the engine, and the preset temperature of the engine is obtained through a test in a research design stage and is input into the control unit of the engine. When the ambient temperature is lower than the preset temperature of the engine, the engine is difficult to start, and the engine cold start control system provided by the invention needs to be started; when the ambient temperature is higher than or equal to the preset temperature of the engine, the engine cold start control system provided by the invention does not need to be started.
Compared with the prior art, the engine cold start method provided by the embodiment has the beneficial effects that: the high-temperature compressed air in the cylinder in the power stroke is further heated due to the power to form high-temperature exhaust gas, the heated high-temperature exhaust gas is guided into the cylinder in the compression stroke, and the temperature of the high-temperature exhaust gas is further increased after the cylinder in the compression stroke is about to enter the power stroke and the oil-gas mixture in the cylinder in the power stroke is about to enter the power stroke, so that the ambient temperature in the cylinder in the power stroke is consistent with the compression ignition temperature in a low-temperature environment, the low-temperature cold start success of the engine is realized, and the problem that the engine is difficult to start at low temperature or the engine can reach an ideal working state rapidly is solved. And the high-temperature exhaust gas can also carry fuel oil which is insufficiently combusted to enter the cylinder body of the next working cylinder, so that the combustion efficiency is improved.
The principle of the heat guidance of the present invention is explained as follows: in the case of a diesel engine, for example, since the diesel engine is compression ignition, in a normal case, when the engine is cold started, cold air is sucked into a cylinder of the engine through an intake stroke, after a compression stroke, the ambient temperature in the cylinder is generally between 200 ℃ and 300 ℃, high-temperature compressed air is formed in the cylinder, but because the ambient temperature is very low (for example, lower than-25 ℃), the ambient temperature in the cylinder still cannot reach the compression ignition temperature condition during a power stroke, and the engine cannot be started. However, after the cylinder enters the power stroke, the interior of the cylinder does not necessarily catch fire during the power stroke, but at this time, the temperature of the high-temperature compressed air in the cylinder is further increased due to the power to form high-temperature exhaust, and part of the high-temperature exhaust in the cylinder which is in the power stroke at this time is introduced into the cylinder which is in the compression stroke and is about to enter the power stroke, so that the ambient temperature in the cylinder can be increased, and after the cylinder enters the power stroke, the low-temperature compression ignition can be smoothly realized, thereby realizing the success of low-temperature cold start of the engine.
In a specific embodiment, taking an in-line four-cylinder engine as an example, please refer to fig. 2, the in-line four-cylinder engine includes, in order from left to right in the figure, a cylinder 7, a two-cylinder 8, a three-cylinder 9, and a four-cylinder 10, and the work sequence of the conventional four-cylinder engine is as follows: one cylinder 7, three cylinders 9, four cylinders 10, two cylinders 8 or one cylinder 7, two cylinders 8, four cylinders 10, three cylinders 9. After the working sequence is set, the connection sequence of the first working cylinder, the second working cylinder, the third working cylinder and the fourth working cylinder can be corresponding to the working sequence.
For example, the work order is: one cylinder 7, three cylinders 9, four cylinders 10 and two cylinders 8. One cylinder 7 is communicated with three cylinders 9 through one air guide pipe 4, the three cylinders 9 are communicated with four cylinders 10 through one air guide pipe 4, the four cylinders 10 are communicated with two cylinders 8 through one air guide pipe 4, the two cylinders 8 are communicated with one cylinder 7 through one air guide pipe 4, thus forming a circulating air path, each air guide pipe 4 is provided with a control valve for controlling the air guide pipe 4 to be communicated or closed, and the control valve can be an electromagnetic valve 6.
The application of the heat guiding principle is described below: in the low-temperature environment, after the engine is started, part of unburned and part of burnt high-temperature exhaust gas exhausted in one cylinder 7 in the power stroke is higher than the gas-air mixture in three cylinders 9, wherein part of high-temperature exhaust gas (15% -25%) in one cylinder 7 is led into the three cylinders 9 in the compression stroke through the bleed pipe 4, and the gas-air mixture with higher temperature can be formed in the three cylinders 9 due to the fact that the high-temperature exhaust gas with higher temperature than the high-temperature compressed air is led into the three cylinders 9, so that the environment temperature in the three cylinders 9 in the compression stroke is improved, when the three cylinders 9 are in the power stroke, the gas temperature in the three cylinders 9 can meet the temperature condition of compression ignition, and the low-temperature starting success of the engine is realized.
Of course, the present embodiment takes the compression ignition engine as an example, and low-temperature start of the compression ignition engine is realized, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and in a low-temperature environment, the present invention may be applied to any four-stroke multi-cylinder engine, such as a gasoline engine, in order to achieve an ideal operation state of the engine more quickly.
For a simple and clear explanation of the principle of thermal guidance, we will illustrate with the following expression:
defining the temperature of high-temperature exhaust gas in a cylinder in a power stroke as T1; when high-temperature exhaust gas is not introduced, the temperature of the oil-gas mixture in the cylinder in the compression stroke is T2, and at the moment, T1 is more than T2; after the introduction of the high-temperature exhaust gas, the temperature of the oil-gas mixture in the cylinder in the compression stroke is t3=t1+t2, that is, T3 > T2. Therefore, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the cylinder with the compression stroke is introduced into the cylinder with the compression stroke, so that the ambient temperature in the cylinder with the compression stroke is increased, and the internal ambient temperature of the cylinder after the cylinder enters the compression stroke easily meets the compression ignition condition, so that the low-temperature cold start is easily realized.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the control cylinder receives part of the high temperature exhaust gas of the preceding cylinder and sends part of the high temperature exhaust gas to the next cylinder by the sequence of opening and closing of control valves on the front and rear bleed air pipes 4 of the cylinders. Alternatively, the control valve may be a solenoid valve 6.
When the ambient temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the electromagnetic valve 6 between the cylinder in the power stroke, the previous cylinder and the next cylinder is closed according to the working sequence of the cylinders, when the cylinder in the power stroke starts to exhaust, the electromagnetic valve 6 between the cylinder and the previous cylinder is in a closed state, the electromagnetic valve 6 between the cylinder and the next cylinder is opened, part of high-temperature exhaust enters the next cylinder through the gas guide pipe 4, the opened electromagnetic valve 6 is closed after entering the next cylinder, the next cylinder enters the power stroke, and the electromagnetic valve 6 before and after the next cylinder reciprocates according to the opening and closing sequence, so that the high-temperature exhaust of the previous cylinder enters the next cylinder to improve the temperature of an oil-gas mixture of the next cylinder.
The solenoid valve 6 selected as an alternative is a shut-off solenoid valve, which has the effect of preventing the reverse flow of gas.
With respect to the above-described embodiment, the following will describe in detail a cold start process of each cylinder, taking an in-line four-cylinder engine as an example:
the engine provided in this embodiment operates in the order shown in table 1 for each cylinder.
TABLE 1
According to the working sequence of the cylinders 180° 0° 180° 360° 540°
One cylinder Compression Doing work Exhaust gas Air intake Compression
Three-cylinder Air intake Compression Doing work Exhaust gas Air intake
Four-cylinder Exhaust gas Air intake Compression Doing work Exhaust gas
Two-cylinder Doing work Exhaust gas Air intake Compression Doing work
When the engine is started under the working condition of low ambient temperature, a control unit ECU (ECU is an abbreviation of Electronic Control Unit, namely an electronic control unit, namely a driving computer, a vehicle-mounted computer and the like) of the engine judges cylinders according to signals of a crankshaft position sensor and a camshaft position sensor, namely, the signals of the camshaft position sensor are used for judging which cylinder is in an ignition state (namely a power stroke), and the signals of the crankshaft position sensor are used for judging the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the engine to control ignition and oil injection. The working state of each cylinder of the engine is judged through the judging cylinder, and when the cylinder of the engine is at a specified position (for example, the cylinder is at the end of a compression stroke), the fuel injector starts fuel injection, and then the low-temperature cold start mode provided by the embodiment of the invention can be started.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the in-line four-cylinder engine includes a first cylinder 7, a second cylinder 8, a third cylinder 9, and a fourth cylinder 10 in this order from left to right in the drawing, as it is in a natural state. The working sequence of the engine is as follows: one cylinder 7, three cylinders 9, four cylinders 10 and two cylinders 8. At this time, one cylinder 7 is communicated with three cylinders 9 through one air-guiding pipe 4, three cylinders 9 are communicated with four cylinders 10 through one air-guiding pipe 4, four cylinders 10 are communicated with two cylinders 8 through one air-guiding pipe 4, and two cylinders 8 are communicated with one cylinder 7 through one air-guiding pipe 4, so that a circulating air path is formed.
For convenience of description, the solenoid valves 6 on each of the air pipes 4 will now be named sequentially: an electromagnetic valve A is arranged between the first cylinder 7 and the third cylinder 9; an electromagnetic valve B is arranged between the three cylinders 9 and the four cylinders 10; an electromagnetic valve C is arranged between the four cylinders 10 and the two cylinders 8; between the two cylinders 8 and the one cylinder 7 is a solenoid valve D.
When one cylinder 7 is in a power stroke, the electromagnetic valve A is opened, the other electromagnetic valve B, the electromagnetic valve C and the electromagnetic valve D are all closed, and at the moment, part of high-temperature exhaust in the one cylinder 7 rapidly reaches three cylinders 9 through the air suction pipe 4; the three cylinders 9 are now in compression stroke, the temperature of the high temperature exhaust gas from the one cylinder 7 is raised after being mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the three cylinders 9, and the electromagnetic valve A is closed immediately after the work of the one cylinder 7 is finished. Before the compression stroke piston of the three cylinders 9 reaches the top dead center, the fuel injector 3 injects fuel, and fuel sprayed by the fuel injector 3 is ignited. The three cylinders 9 start to do work.
When the three cylinders 9 are in a power stroke, the electromagnetic valve B is opened, the other electromagnetic valves A, C and D are all in a closed state, and no matter whether the three cylinders 9 are burnt or not at the moment, part of high-temperature exhaust gas of the three cylinders 9 quickly reaches the four cylinders 10; the four cylinders 10 are in the compression stroke at this time, and the high-temperature exhaust from the three cylinders 9 causes the temperature of the oil-gas mixture after the compression stroke in the four cylinders 10 to rise, so that the fuel injected by the fuel injector 3 is compression-ignited. When the work of the three cylinders 9 is finished, the electromagnetic valve B is immediately closed, and the four cylinders 10 start to do work.
When the four cylinders 10 are in a power stroke, the electromagnetic valve C is opened, and the other electromagnetic valves A, B and D are all in a closed state, so that no matter whether fire happens in the four cylinders 10 or not, part of high-temperature exhaust of the four cylinders 10 quickly reaches the two cylinders 8; the two cylinders 8 are in the compression stroke at the moment, and the high-temperature exhaust from the four cylinders 10 enables the temperature of the oil-gas mixture after the compression stroke of the two cylinders 8 to rise, so that the fuel injected by the fuel injector 3 is compression-ignited. When the work of the four cylinders 10 is finished, the electromagnetic valve C is immediately closed.
Similarly, when the two cylinders 8 are in the power stroke, the solenoid valve D is opened, and the other solenoid valves a, B and C are all closed. At the moment, whether the two cylinders 8 catch fire or not, part of high-temperature exhaust gas of the two cylinders 8 can quickly reach the one cylinder 7; at this time, the first cylinder 7 is in the compression stroke, and the high-temperature exhaust from the second cylinder 8 causes the temperature of the oil-gas mixture after the compression stroke of the first cylinder to rise, so that the fuel injected by the fuel injector 3 is compression-ignited. When the work of the two cylinders 8 is finished, the electromagnetic valve D is immediately closed, and the first cylinder starts to work and enters the next cycle.
The above process is circulated, and the engine can be successfully started within 9 seconds even under the environment of-35 ℃.
For a better understanding of the feasibility of the above-described low temperature start-up method, a further explanation is as follows:
in the process of moving the piston from bottom to top, the air in the cylinder is actually compressed into high-density gas, and the temperature of the gas is suddenly increased due to the compression (the temperature can be increased to 250-350 ℃ even under a low-temperature starting condition), so that the higher the temperature of the compressed air in the cylinder is, the more advantageous the ignition of the engine is.
Because the engine rotates fast, the cycle of the piston ascending and descending is fast, and after the compressed air in the previous stroke is discharged in the exhaust working condition of the engine, the new air inlet stroke in the next stroke has new cold air to enter the cylinder and then be compressed. If the compressed gas which is heated up again after acting can be properly utilized, the gas corresponds to the mixed gas of cold air and high-temperature exhaust gas which comes in from the intake stroke, and the temperature of the oil-gas mixture is estimated to be about 0 ℃ theoretically. At this time, the oil-gas mixture is compressed again, and the temperature can be further increased when the basic temperature is increased, and the temperature can be increased to 350-500 ℃ even under the low-temperature starting condition of minus 35 ℃, and experiments prove that by adopting the method, the engine can be successfully started within 9 seconds even under the environment temperature of minus 35 ℃.
In order to better fit the cold start method, it is also necessary to restrict the injection of fuel at start-up. Specifically, each cylinder injects fuel a plurality of times at the end of the compression stroke until a preset fuel amount is reached.
Alternatively, the fuel quantity per injection is the same and at equal intervals.
Alternatively, the number of fuel injections may be 4-10.
The biggest obstacle to cold starting of an engine is "misfire", i.e. non-combustion as described above, the flame being frozen out due to low temperatures. The principle of carrying out low-temperature cold start by injecting oil for multiple times is as follows:
first, when the engine is cold started, the starting rotation speed of the engine is low and is generally 140-300 r/min because the temperature of the external environment is low. At this time, the pressure provided by the fuel supply system of the engine is lower, and because the pressure of the fuel system is high, the fuel injection particles are small, the pressure of the fuel system is low, and the fuel injection particles are large, so that the particles of the fuel injection are larger and the large fuel particles are unfavorable for combustion in a low-temperature environment. When fuel is injected for a plurality of times in the compression stroke, the liquid drop injected each time becomes smaller, which is beneficial to ignition.
Secondly, fuel is injected for multiple times, so that the fuel injected for the first time is less, and more oxygen exists at the periphery, thereby being beneficial to combustion. When a large amount of fuel is injected at a time, the ratio of the fuel to peripheral oxygen is reduced, and the ignition is difficult.
And thirdly, injecting fuel at the stage of the last injection, wherein the piston is basically at the middle position of the upper dead center and the lower dead center, the purpose of injecting fuel at the stage is to increase the combustion temperature in the cylinder, and the flame can bake the whole inner wall surface of the cylinder at the middle of the upper dead center and the lower dead center, so that the air in the cylinder is relatively abundant, and the combustion is facilitated. And after the inner wall surface of the cylinder is baked, the temperature of the inner wall surface of the cylinder is increased, and the fuel injection is not easy to be adsorbed by the inner wall of the cylinder in the next cycle, so that the successful starting of the next compression ignition is facilitated.
Experiments prove that the low-temperature starting time of the diesel engine can reach within 5.2 seconds after fuel oil is injected for 8 times in the alpine region of minus 35 ℃ in the sea area.
The method for cold starting the engine provided by the invention can be suitable for starting the engine in cold areas with the ambient temperature less than-25 ℃.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides an engine with the engine cold start control system. The engine provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize low-temperature cold start of the engine and improve the reliability of the engine in low-temperature environment due to the adoption of the cold start control system.
The engine capable of being started at low temperature, which is provided by the embodiment, can be improved on the basis of the existing cylinder, is simple in structure, convenient to improve and easy to realize.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle, and the engine is adopted. The engine capable of improving the ambient temperature in the working cylinder is adopted in the vehicle, so that the problem of difficult cold start of the engine of the vehicle can be solved, and the application environment of the diesel engine vehicle is greatly enlarged.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. An engine cold start control system comprising: the working states of the cylinders circularly work according to the sequence of an air inlet stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke, and different cylinders are respectively in different strokes in the same period; each air guide pipe (4) is respectively provided with a control valve.
2. The engine cold start control system of claim 1,
when the number of the cylinders is four, according to the sequence of power strokes, each cylinder is divided into a first power cylinder, a second power cylinder, a third power cylinder and a fourth power cylinder, wherein the first power cylinder, the second power cylinder, the third power cylinder and the fourth power cylinder are communicated through the air entraining pipe (4) in sequence, the fourth power cylinder and the first power cylinder are communicated through the air entraining pipe (4) to form a circulating air path, and each air entraining pipe (4) is respectively provided with the control valve; or (b)
When the number of the cylinders is six, according to the sequence of power strokes, each cylinder is divided into a first power cylinder, a second power cylinder, a third power cylinder, a fourth power cylinder, a fifth power cylinder and a sixth power cylinder, wherein the first power cylinder, the second power cylinder, the third power cylinder, the fourth power cylinder, the fifth power cylinder and the sixth power cylinder are sequentially communicated through the air entraining pipe (4), the sixth power cylinder and the first power cylinder are communicated through the air entraining pipe (4) to form a circulating air path, and each air entraining pipe (4) is respectively provided with the control valve.
3. The engine cold start control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the bleed air duct (4) is coated with a lanthanum oxide layer.
4. A method of engine cold start, based on an engine cold start control system according to any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising:
acquiring the ambient temperature of an engine;
when the ambient temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature of the engine, the cylinders introduce part of high-temperature exhaust gas in the previous cylinder into the next cylinder according to the sequence of the preset power stroke when the previous cylinder is in the power stroke so as to be mixed with the oil-gas mixture in the next cylinder.
5. The method for cold starting an engine according to claim 4, wherein the control cylinder receives part of the high-temperature exhaust gas of the preceding cylinder and feeds part of the high-temperature exhaust gas into the following cylinder by the opening and closing sequence of control valves on the front and rear intake pipes of the cylinder.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein each cylinder injects fuel a plurality of times at the end of the compression stroke until a preset fuel amount is reached.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the fuel quantity injected each time is the same and is equally spaced.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the number of fuel injections is 4-10.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the ambient temperature is less than-25 ℃.
10. An engine having the engine cold start control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
11. A vehicle employing the engine of claim 10.
CN202210905816.3A 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Engine cold start control system, cold start method, engine and vehicle Pending CN117514536A (en)

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CN202210905816.3A CN117514536A (en) 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Engine cold start control system, cold start method, engine and vehicle

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