CN117498284A - Series compensation capacitor device based on short-circuit fault current intelligent self-driving - Google Patents
Series compensation capacitor device based on short-circuit fault current intelligent self-driving Download PDFInfo
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- CN117498284A CN117498284A CN202311417009.8A CN202311417009A CN117498284A CN 117498284 A CN117498284 A CN 117498284A CN 202311417009 A CN202311417009 A CN 202311417009A CN 117498284 A CN117498284 A CN 117498284A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/08—Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电力系统技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置。The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, and in particular to a series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current.
背景技术Background technique
目前，大部分地区的110kV高压电网，由于人口密度比较小，电力负荷比较分散且波动大，长距离输电的情况比较普遍，由此带来的负荷末端的电压质量问题严重，尤其是重负载启停时造成的电压波动问题特别突出。At present, in most areas of the 110kV high-voltage power grid, due to the relatively small population density, relatively scattered and large fluctuations in power loads, and the common situation of long-distance power transmission, the resulting voltage quality problems at the end of the load are serious, especially when heavy loads are started. The problem of voltage fluctuation caused by shutdown is particularly prominent.
为了解决输配电系统中的电压波动问题，采用的无功补偿方法有并联电容器补偿和串联电容器补偿等方式。并联电容器补偿方式可以提升负荷的功率因数，降低线路输送电流，减少线路电压损失，虽然对线路末端电压有所改善，但往往难以满足用户用电需求。串联电容器补偿方式是通过减小线路电感，相当于减小了电气距离，减小了线路等效阻抗，从而减少线路电压损失，提升线路末端电压水平。In order to solve the voltage fluctuation problem in power transmission and distribution systems, reactive power compensation methods include parallel capacitor compensation and series capacitor compensation. The parallel capacitor compensation method can improve the power factor of the load, reduce the line transmission current, and reduce the line voltage loss. Although it improves the line end voltage, it is often difficult to meet the user's power demand. The series capacitor compensation method reduces the line inductance, which is equivalent to reducing the electrical distance and reducing the equivalent impedance of the line, thereby reducing the line voltage loss and increasing the voltage level at the end of the line.
目前，应用的串联补偿电容装置效果虽好，却无法适用于任何电压等级的线路，并且在发生短路故障时，串联补偿电容电路需要外供电源才能实现限压保护。因此，有必要提供一种无需外供电源，适用于任何电压等级的串联补偿电容装置。Although the currently used series compensation capacitor devices are effective, they cannot be applied to lines of any voltage level, and when a short circuit fault occurs, the series compensation capacitor circuit requires an external power supply to achieve voltage limiting protection. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a series compensation capacitor device that does not require an external power supply and is suitable for any voltage level.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置，该装置无需外供电源，基于短路故障产生的短路故障电流即可实现串联补偿电容限压保护，并可适用于任何电压等级的线路，且具有重量轻、体积小、经济性好和可靠性高的特点。The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art, at least to a certain extent. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent self-driven series compensation capacitor device based on short-circuit fault current. This device does not require an external power supply and can realize voltage-limiting protection of the series compensation capacitor based on the short-circuit fault current generated by the short-circuit fault. It can be applied to lines of any voltage level and has the characteristics of light weight, small size, good economy and high reliability.
为达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置，包括进线端、出线端、主电路和控制电路，所述主电路包括电力电子通断控制开关、快速开关、限压装置、电抗器、电阻和串联补偿电容，所述限压装置为双向电力电子开关或者避雷器，所述电力电子通断控制开关与所述快速开关连接，所述快速开关与所述限压装置并联后形成第一支路，所述电抗器与所述电阻并联后形成第二支路，所述第一支路与所述第二支路串联后，与所述串联补偿电容分别并联在所述进线端和所述出线端之间；所述控制电路包括电流检测TC、主控制器和驱动电路，所述主控制器分别与所述电流检测TC和所述驱动电路连接，所述驱动电路与所述电力电子通断控制开关连接；A series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current, including an incoming line end, an outgoing line end, a main circuit and a control circuit. The main circuit includes a power electronic on-off control switch, a fast switch, a voltage limiting device, and a reactor. , resistor and series compensation capacitor, the voltage limiting device is a two-way power electronic switch or a lightning arrester, the power electronic on-off control switch is connected to the fast switch, the fast switch is connected in parallel with the voltage limiting device to form a first Branch, the reactor and the resistor are connected in parallel to form a second branch. After the first branch and the second branch are connected in series, they are connected in parallel with the series compensation capacitor at the incoming line end and the second branch respectively. Between the outlet terminals; the control circuit includes a current detection TC, a main controller and a drive circuit, the main controller is connected to the current detection TC and the drive circuit respectively, the drive circuit is connected to the power Electronic on-off control switch connection;
其中，线路在正常工作状态下，所述快速开关处于断开状态，正常工作电流由所述进线端经过所述串联补偿电容至所述出线端；当线路发生短路故障且所述限压装置为所述双向电力电子开关，并且所述主控制器通过所述电流检测TC检测到短路电流大于预设值时，所述主控制器发出驱动信号至所述驱动电路，以使所述驱动电路驱动所述双向电力电子开关和所述电力电子通断控制开关导通，所述电力电子通断控制开关导通使得所述快速开关在短路电流作用下处于闭合状态，从而实现所述串联补偿电容的限压保护；当线路发生短路故障且所述限压装置为所述避雷器，并且串联补偿电容两端电压达到避雷器残压时，所述避雷器动作以用于限制串联补偿电容两端电压，并且所述主控制器通过所述驱动电路驱动所述电力电子通断控制开关导通，以使所述快速开关在短路电流作用下处于闭合状态，从而实现所述串联补偿电容的限压保护。Wherein, when the line is in normal working condition, the fast switch is in the off state, and the normal working current flows from the incoming line end through the series compensation capacitor to the outgoing line end; when a short circuit fault occurs on the line and the voltage limiting device is the bidirectional power electronic switch, and when the main controller detects that the short-circuit current is greater than the preset value through the current detection TC, the main controller sends a driving signal to the driving circuit, so that the driving circuit Driving the bidirectional power electronic switch and the power electronic on-off control switch to conduct, the power electronic on-off control switch conducts so that the fast switch is in a closed state under the action of short-circuit current, thereby realizing the series compensation capacitor Voltage limiting protection; when a short circuit fault occurs on the line and the voltage limiting device is the arrester, and the voltage across the series compensation capacitor reaches the residual voltage of the arrester, the arrester operates to limit the voltage across the series compensation capacitor, and The main controller drives the power electronic on-off control switch to conduct through the drive circuit, so that the fast switch is in a closed state under the action of short-circuit current, thereby realizing voltage limiting protection of the series compensation capacitor.
优选的，所述快速开关包括真空灭弧部和电磁斥力机构，所述电磁斥力机构用于驱动所述真空灭弧部合闸或者分闸，以使所述快速开关处于闭合或者断开状态。Preferably, the quick switch includes a vacuum arc extinguishing part and an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is used to drive the vacuum arc extinguishing part to close or open, so that the quick switch is in a closed or open state.
优选的，当串联补偿电容装置应用于额定电流小的线路时，所述电磁斥力机构与所述真空灭弧部串联后，与所述限压装置并联形成所述第一支路，其中，所述电力电子通断控制开关与所述电磁斥力机构连接。Preferably, when the series compensation capacitor device is applied to a circuit with a small rated current, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is connected in series with the vacuum arc extinguishing part and then connected in parallel with the voltage limiting device to form the first branch, wherein the The power electronic on-off control switch is connected to the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
优选的，当串联补偿电容装置应用于额定电流大的线路时，所述主电路还包括分流TC，所述分流TC设置在所述进线端，并通过所述电力电子通断控制开关与所述电磁斥力机构连接，其中，所述真空灭弧部与所述限压装置并联形成所述第一支路。Preferably, when the series compensation capacitor device is applied to a line with a large rated current, the main circuit also includes a shunt TC, which is set at the incoming line end and communicates with all the circuits through the power electronic on-off control switch. The electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is connected, wherein the vacuum arc extinguishing part and the pressure limiting device are connected in parallel to form the first branch.
优选的，所述电磁斥力机构包括动斥力线圈和静斥力线圈，所述静斥力线圈的一端与所述进线端连接，所述静斥力线圈的另一端与所述真空灭弧部连接，所述电力电子通断控制开关与所述动斥力线圈连接。Preferably, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism includes a dynamic repulsion coil and a static repulsion coil. One end of the static repulsion coil is connected to the incoming wire end, and the other end of the static repulsion coil is connected to the vacuum arc extinguishing part. The power electronic on-off control switch is connected to the dynamic repulsion coil.
优选的，所述电磁斥力机构包括动斥力线圈和静斥力线圈，所述电力电子通断控制开关分别与所述动斥力线圈和所述静斥力线圈连接。Preferably, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism includes a dynamic repulsion coil and a static repulsion coil, and the power electronic on-off control switch is connected to the dynamic repulsion coil and the static repulsion coil respectively.
优选的，该装置还包括取能TC和开关电源，所述取能TC用于从线路中取能后，将所取交流电通过所述开关电源转换为直流电后，向所述主控制器供电。Preferably, the device also includes an energy-taking TC and a switching power supply. The energy-taking TC is used to take energy from the line, convert the taken AC power into direct current through the switching power supply, and then supply power to the main controller.
优选的，所述控制电路还包括信号调理电路，所述信号调理电路与所述电流检测TC连接，所述信号调理电路用于对所述电流检测TC检测的短路电流进行信号处理。Preferably, the control circuit further includes a signal conditioning circuit connected to the current detection TC, and the signal conditioning circuit is used to perform signal processing on the short-circuit current detected by the current detection TC.
优选的，所述控制电路还包括模数转换电路，所述模数转换电路分别与所述信号调理电路和所述主控制器连接，所述模数转换电路用于将所述信号调理电路处理后的信号转换为数字信号，并输送至所述主控制器。Preferably, the control circuit further includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is respectively connected to the signal conditioning circuit and the main controller, and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used to process the signal conditioning circuit. The final signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the main controller.
优选的，所述控制电路还包括无线射频模块，用于串联补偿电容装置与外部设备通信，实现远程控制功能。Preferably, the control circuit also includes a wireless radio frequency module for communicating between the series compensation capacitor device and the external device to realize the remote control function.
本发明至少具有以下技术效果：The present invention at least has the following technical effects:
本发明所述的基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置可通过限压装置和快速开关限制短路故障时串联补偿电容极间的电压，实现串联补偿电容限压保护，具体在短路故障发生时，可通过限压装置限制串联补偿电容极间电压，然后通过驱动电路触发电力电子通断控制开关动作，使得电磁斥力机构的动、静斥力线圈上通过短路故障电流，以便在两线圈间产生电磁斥力，驱动真空灭弧部的触头快速闭合，从而实现快速开关的闭合，将串联补偿电容旁路，进而达到对串联补偿电容进行限压保护的作用。该装置与传统串联补偿装置相比，其无需提供外部电源，而是由短路故障电流智能自驱动电磁斥力机构动作，并且相对于现有的串联补偿装置，其没有快速开关的储能电容，可以实现短时间内多次重合闸；另外，本发明还提供了两种电路结构，以使其能够应用于额定电流大的线路和额定电流小的线路，从而满足任何电压等级的应用需求；以及，本发明具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、动作速度快、可靠性高和经济性好的优点。The series compensation capacitor device based on the intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current described in the present invention can limit the voltage between the series compensation capacitor poles during a short-circuit fault through a voltage limiting device and a fast switch, thereby realizing voltage-limiting protection of the series compensation capacitor, specifically when a short-circuit fault occurs. When the voltage limiting device is used, the voltage between the poles of the series compensation capacitor can be limited, and then the power electronic on-off control switch action is triggered through the drive circuit, so that the short-circuit fault current passes through the dynamic and static repulsion coils of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, so as to generate a short-circuit fault current between the two coils. The electromagnetic repulsion drives the contacts of the vacuum arc extinguishing part to close quickly, thereby realizing the closing of the fast switch, bypassing the series compensation capacitor, and thus achieving the function of voltage limiting protection for the series compensation capacitor. Compared with the traditional series compensation device, this device does not need to provide an external power supply. Instead, the short-circuit fault current intelligently self-drives the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism. Compared with the existing series compensation device, it does not have a fast-switching energy storage capacitor and can Achieve multiple reclosings in a short time; in addition, the present invention also provides two circuit structures so that it can be applied to lines with large rated current and lines with small rated current, thereby meeting the application requirements of any voltage level; and, The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, fast action speed, high reliability and good economy.
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例的基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明另一实施例的基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current according to another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。This embodiment will be described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
下面参考附图描述本实施例的一种基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置。The following describes a series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current in this embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为本发明一实施例的基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置的结构示意图。图2为本发明另一实施例的基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置的结构示意图。图1所示结构适用于线路额定电流较小的情况，图2所示结构适用于线路额定电流较大的情况。图1中线路电流直接流过静斥力线圈122，其中，动斥力线圈121导线截面小、匝数多，静斥力线圈122导线截面大、匝数少。图2中线路电流经分流TC13(TC为电流传感器)变为小电流后流过动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122，其中，动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122有相同的导线截面和匝数。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current according to another embodiment of the present invention. The structure shown in Figure 1 is suitable for situations where the rated current of the line is small, and the structure shown in Figure 2 is suitable for situations where the rated current of the line is large. In Figure 1, the line current flows directly through the static repulsion coil 122. The dynamic repulsion coil 121 has a small wire cross-section and a large number of turns, while the static repulsive force coil 122 has a large wire cross-section and a small number of turns. In Figure 2, the line current changes to a small current through shunt TC13 (TC is a current sensor) and then flows through the dynamic repulsion coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122. The dynamic repulsion coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122 have the same wire cross section and number of turns. .
对于线路额定电流较小的情况，基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置的电路结构如图1所示。该装置设置在壳体1内，该装置包括进线端P1、出线端P2、主电路和控制电路，主电路包括电力电子通断控制开关2、快速开关3、限压装置4、电抗器5、电阻6和串联补偿电容7，限压装置4为双向电力电子开关或者避雷器。其中，电力电子通断控制开关2与快速开关3连接，快速开关3与限压装置4并联后形成第一支路，电抗器5与电阻6并联后形成第二支路，第一支路与第二支路串联后，与串联补偿电容7分别并联在进线端P1和出线端P2之间。For situations where the rated current of the line is small, the circuit structure of the series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current is shown in Figure 1. The device is arranged in the housing 1. The device includes an incoming terminal P1, an outgoing terminal P2, a main circuit and a control circuit. The main circuit includes a power electronic on-off control switch 2, a quick switch 3, a voltage limiting device 4, and a reactor 5. , resistor 6 and series compensation capacitor 7, the voltage limiting device 4 is a two-way power electronic switch or lightning arrester. Among them, the power electronic on-off control switch 2 is connected to the fast switch 3. The fast switch 3 is connected in parallel with the voltage limiting device 4 to form a first branch. The reactor 5 and the resistor 6 are connected in parallel to form a second branch. The first branch is connected with After the second branch is connected in series, it is connected in parallel with the series compensation capacitor 7 between the incoming terminal P1 and the outgoing terminal P2 respectively.
其中，控制电路包括电流检测TC8、主控制器9和驱动电路10，主控制器9分别与电流检测TC8和驱动电路10连接，驱动电路10与电力电子通断控制开关2连接。Among them, the control circuit includes a current detection TC8, a main controller 9 and a drive circuit 10. The main controller 9 is connected to the current detection TC8 and the drive circuit 10 respectively, and the drive circuit 10 is connected to the power electronic on-off control switch 2.
本实施例中，线路在正常工作状态下，快速开关3处于断开状态，正常工作电流由进线端P1经过快速开关3中的线圈至串联补偿电容7，然后输出至出线端P2；当线路发生短路故障且限压装置4为双向电力电子开关，并且主控制器9通过电流检测TC8检测到短路电流大于预设值时，主控制器9发出驱动信号至驱动电路10，以使驱动电路10驱动双向电力电子开关和电力电子通断控制开关2导通，电力电子通断控制开关2导通使得快速开关3在短路电流作用下处于闭合状态，从而使得电抗器5、电阻6和串联补偿电容7并联，由于电抗器5的感抗很小，所以装置对外整体呈现很小的感性阻抗，从而使得串联补偿电容7的两端的电压降低，进而起到保护串联补偿电容7的作用。In this embodiment, when the line is in normal working condition, the quick switch 3 is in the off state, and the normal working current flows from the incoming terminal P1 through the coil in the quick switch 3 to the series compensation capacitor 7, and then is output to the outgoing terminal P2; when the line When a short circuit fault occurs and the voltage limiting device 4 is a bidirectional power electronic switch, and the main controller 9 detects that the short circuit current is greater than the preset value through the current detection TC8, the main controller 9 sends a driving signal to the driving circuit 10 so that the driving circuit 10 The bidirectional power electronic switch and the power electronic on-off control switch 2 are driven to be turned on. The power electronic on-off control switch 2 is turned on so that the fast switch 3 is in a closed state under the action of the short-circuit current, thereby causing the reactor 5, the resistor 6 and the series compensation capacitor. 7 are connected in parallel. Since the inductive reactance of the reactor 5 is very small, the device as a whole presents a very small inductive impedance to the outside world, which reduces the voltage at both ends of the series compensation capacitor 7 and thus protects the series compensation capacitor 7 .
具体的，快速开关3是一种自驱快速开关，限压装置4是双向电力电子开关或者避雷器，电抗器5的感抗值远小于串联补偿电容7的容抗值，电抗器5的感抗值也远小于电阻6的阻值。正常运行时，快速开关3与限压装置4均断开，仅有串联补偿电容7投入电路，从而起到串联补偿作用。短路故障发生后，限流装置4立即导通，快速开关3在几毫秒的固有合闸时间后导通，串联补偿电容7被旁路，电抗器5和电阻6投入使用，装置整体等效阻抗为电抗器5、电阻6和串联补偿电容7的并联阻抗。由于电抗器5的感抗非常小，装置对外整体呈现很小的感性阻抗，所以串联补偿电容7的两端的电压会降低，从而起到限压保护作用。Specifically, the fast switch 3 is a self-driven fast switch, the voltage limiting device 4 is a two-way power electronic switch or a lightning arrester, the inductive reactance value of the reactor 5 is much smaller than the capacitive reactance value of the series compensation capacitor 7, and the inductive reactance of the reactor 5 The value is also much smaller than the resistance of resistor 6. During normal operation, the fast switch 3 and the voltage limiting device 4 are both disconnected, and only the series compensation capacitor 7 is put into the circuit, thus playing the role of series compensation. After the short-circuit fault occurs, the current limiting device 4 is turned on immediately, the fast switch 3 is turned on after the inherent closing time of a few milliseconds, the series compensation capacitor 7 is bypassed, the reactor 5 and the resistor 6 are put into use, and the overall equivalent impedance of the device is the parallel impedance of reactor 5, resistor 6 and series compensation capacitor 7. Since the inductive reactance of the reactor 5 is very small and the device as a whole presents a very small inductive impedance to the outside world, the voltage at both ends of the series compensation capacitor 7 will decrease, thereby playing a voltage limiting protection role.
进一步的，当线路发生短路故障且限压装置4为避雷器，并且串联补偿电容7两端电压达到避雷器残压时，避雷器会动作，从而限制串联补偿电容7两端电压，并且主控制器9也会通过驱动电路10驱动电力电子通断控制开关2导通，以使快速开关3在短路电流作用下处于闭合状态，从而实现串联补偿电容7的限压保护。Further, when a short circuit fault occurs on the line and the voltage limiting device 4 is a lightning arrester, and the voltage across the series compensation capacitor 7 reaches the residual voltage of the lightning arrester, the lightning arrester will act, thereby limiting the voltage across the series compensation capacitor 7, and the main controller 9 also The drive circuit 10 drives the power electronic on-off control switch 2 to conduct, so that the fast switch 3 is in a closed state under the action of the short-circuit current, thereby realizing the voltage limiting protection of the series compensation capacitor 7 .
其中，快速开关3包括真空灭弧部11和电磁斥力机构12，电磁斥力机构12用于驱动真空灭弧部11合闸或者分闸，以使快速开关3处于闭合或者断开状态。Among them, the quick switch 3 includes a vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 and an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12. The electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 is used to drive the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 to close or open, so that the quick switch 3 is in a closed or open state.
当串联补偿电容装置应用于额定电流小的线路时，则电路结构如图1所示，电磁斥力机构12与真空灭弧部11串联后，与限压装置4并联形成第一支路，其中，电力电子通断控制开关2与电磁斥力机构12连接。When the series compensation capacitor device is used in a circuit with a small rated current, the circuit structure is as shown in Figure 1. After the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 is connected in series with the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11, it is connected in parallel with the voltage limiting device 4 to form a first branch, where, The power electronic on-off control switch 2 is connected to the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 .
具体的，电磁斥力机构12包括动斥力线圈121、静斥力线圈122、分闸保持弹簧123和调节螺母124，其中，静斥力线圈122的一端与进线端P1连接，静斥力线圈122的另一端与真空灭弧部11连接，电力电子通断控制开关2具体与动斥力线圈121连接。其中，常态下分闸保持弹簧123为压缩状态，分闸保持弹簧123的弹力可克服真空灭弧部11的自闭力，使真空灭弧部11的动静触头保持常开状态，其中的触头开距可以采用调节螺母124调节。Specifically, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 includes a dynamic repulsion coil 121, a static repulsion coil 122, an opening retaining spring 123 and an adjusting nut 124. One end of the static repulsion coil 122 is connected to the incoming line terminal P1, and the other end of the static repulsion coil 122 Connected to the vacuum arc extinguishing unit 11 , the power electronic on-off control switch 2 is specifically connected to the dynamic repulsion coil 121 . Among them, the opening holding spring 123 is in a compressed state under normal conditions, and the elastic force of the opening holding spring 123 can overcome the self-closing force of the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11, so that the dynamic and static contacts of the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 remain in a normally open state. The head opening distance can be adjusted using the adjusting nut 124.
当串联补偿电容装置应用于额定电流大的线路时，如图2所示，主电路还包括分流TC13，分流TC13设置在进线端P1，并通过电力电子通断控制开关2与电磁斥力机构12连接，其中，真空灭弧部11与限压装置4并联形成第一支路，即电磁斥力机构12不与真空灭弧部11进行线路连接，电磁斥力机构12仅用于驱动真空灭弧部11。本实施例中，电力电子通断控制开关2具体分别与动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122连接。When the series compensation capacitor device is applied to a line with a large rated current, as shown in Figure 2, the main circuit also includes a shunt TC13. The shunt TC13 is set at the incoming line terminal P1, and passes the power electronic on-off control switch 2 and the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 connection, in which the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 and the pressure limiting device 4 are connected in parallel to form a first branch, that is, the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 is not connected to the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11, and the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 is only used to drive the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 . In this embodiment, the power electronic on-off control switch 2 is specifically connected to the dynamic repulsion coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122 respectively.
请继续参考图1和2，该装置还包括取能TC14和开关电源15如AC/DC(交流/直流)电源，取能TC14用于从线路中取能后，将所取交流电通过开关电源15转换为直流电后，向主控制器9供电。Please continue to refer to Figures 1 and 2. The device also includes an energy extraction TC14 and a switching power supply 15 such as an AC/DC (alternating current/direct current) power supply. The energy extraction TC14 is used to extract energy from the line and pass the AC power through the switching power supply 15. After being converted into direct current, power is supplied to the main controller 9 .
进一步的，控制电路还包括信号调理电路16，信号调理电路16与电流检测TC8连接，信号调理电路16用于对电流检测TC8检测的短路电流进行信号处理，获取电流模拟信号。控制电路还包括模数转换电路17即ADC模块，模数转换电路17分别与信号调理电路16和主控制器9连接，模数转换电路17用于将信号调理电路16处理后的电流模拟信号转换为数字信号，并输送至主控制器9进行处理。控制电路还包括无线射频模块18，其用于串联补偿电容装置与外部设备通信，并实现远程控制功能。Further, the control circuit also includes a signal conditioning circuit 16. The signal conditioning circuit 16 is connected to the current detection TC8. The signal conditioning circuit 16 is used to perform signal processing on the short-circuit current detected by the current detection TC8 and obtain a current analog signal. The control circuit also includes an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 17, that is, an ADC module. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 17 is connected to the signal conditioning circuit 16 and the main controller 9 respectively. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 17 is used to convert the current analog signal processed by the signal conditioning circuit 16. It is a digital signal and is sent to the main controller 9 for processing. The control circuit also includes a wireless radio frequency module 18, which is used for the series compensation capacitor device to communicate with external equipment and implement remote control functions.
为使本领域技术人员能够清晰的了解该基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置的工作原理，下面将结合附图1-2进行详细阐述。In order to enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the working principle of the series compensation capacitor device based on intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current, the following will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1-2.
对于额定电流较小的线路，参考图1，以限压装置4采用双向电力电子开关为例，串联补偿电容7的保护过程如下：For lines with smaller rated currents, refer to Figure 1, taking the voltage limiting device 4 using a bidirectional power electronic switch as an example. The protection process of the series compensation capacitor 7 is as follows:
电流检测TC8检测到线路中电流i1超过整定值，即达到故障电流范围时，主控制器9发送高电平导通信号d1(驱动信号)至驱动电路10，驱动电路10向电力电子通断控制开关2和双向电力电子开关的门极注入触发电流，令其触发。首先，双向电力电子开关立即将串联补偿电容7旁路，避免故障电流流过串联补偿电容7。然后，电力电子通断控制开关2导通，由于电磁斥力机构12中静斥力线圈122中一直通有线路电流，当动斥力线圈121所在回路被导通后，动斥力线圈121上产生感应电流，两线圈间产生电磁斥力，动斥力线圈121在电磁力的作用下驱动真空灭弧部11中的触头闭合，静斥力线圈122持续流过故障电流，静斥力线圈122和动斥力线圈121之间持续存在电磁斥力，使真空灭弧部11保持闭合状态，从而保护串联补偿电容7和限压装置4。When the current detection TC8 detects that the current i 1 in the line exceeds the set value, that is, reaches the fault current range, the main controller 9 sends a high-level conduction signal d 1 (drive signal) to the drive circuit 10, and the drive circuit 10 communicates to the power electronics The trigger current is injected into the gate of the off control switch 2 and the bidirectional power electronic switch to cause them to trigger. First, the bidirectional power electronic switch immediately bypasses the series compensation capacitor 7 to prevent fault current from flowing through the series compensation capacitor 7 . Then, the power electronic on-off control switch 2 is turned on. Since the static repulsion coil 122 in the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12 has a line current flowing all the time, when the circuit where the kinetic repulsion coil 121 is located is turned on, an induced current is generated on the kinetic repulsion coil 121. Electromagnetic repulsion is generated between the two coils. The kinetic repulsion coil 121 drives the contacts in the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 to close under the action of the electromagnetic force. The static repulsion coil 122 continues to flow fault current. There is a gap between the static repulsion coil 122 and the kinetic repulsion coil 121. The continuous electromagnetic repulsion keeps the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 in a closed state, thereby protecting the series compensation capacitor 7 and the voltage limiting device 4 .
当短路故障电流被输电线路电源侧断路器开断或者短路故障消失后，主控制器9发送低电平信号至驱动电路10，驱动电路10不向电力电子通断控制开关2和双向电力电子开关的门极注入触发电流，双向电力电子开关和电力电子通断控制开关2处于关断状态，此时动斥力线圈121开路，两斥力线圈间不再产生电磁斥力，真空灭弧部11中的动触头在分闸保持弹簧123弹力作用下与静触头分离，电流重新流过串联补偿电容7，线路恢复正常运行状态。When the short-circuit fault current is interrupted by the circuit breaker on the power side of the transmission line or the short-circuit fault disappears, the main controller 9 sends a low-level signal to the drive circuit 10, and the drive circuit 10 does not send power to the power electronic on-off control switch 2 and the bidirectional power electronic switch. The trigger current is injected into the gate, the two-way power electronic switch and the power electronic on-off control switch 2 are in the off state. At this time, the dynamic repulsion coil 121 is open circuit, and electromagnetic repulsion is no longer generated between the two repulsion coils. The dynamic repulsion in the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 The contact is separated from the static contact under the elastic force of the opening holding spring 123, the current flows through the series compensation capacitor 7 again, and the line returns to normal operation.
其中，所述电抗器5和电阻6的作用还包括：在快速开关3旁路串联补偿电容7后，串联补偿电容7会通过限压装置4和真空灭弧部11的触头放电，放电时，如果流过的电流过大可能导致限压装置4和真空灭弧部11的触头损坏，同时串联补偿电容7也不允许以过大的电流放电。因此，需要将一个感抗值较小的电抗器5串联在串联补偿电容7的放电回路中，限制串联补偿电容7的放电电流。其中，电阻6可用于消耗串联补偿电容7释放的能量，以避免串联补偿电容7和电抗器5持续振荡。Among them, the functions of the reactor 5 and the resistor 6 also include: after the fast switch 3 bypasses the series compensation capacitor 7, the series compensation capacitor 7 will discharge through the contacts of the voltage limiting device 4 and the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11. During discharge, , if the flowing current is too large, it may cause damage to the contacts of the voltage limiting device 4 and the vacuum arc extinguishing unit 11. At the same time, the series compensation capacitor 7 is not allowed to discharge with an excessive current. Therefore, a reactor 5 with a small inductance value needs to be connected in series in the discharge circuit of the series compensation capacitor 7 to limit the discharge current of the series compensation capacitor 7 . Among them, the resistor 6 can be used to consume the energy released by the series compensation capacitor 7 to prevent the series compensation capacitor 7 and the reactor 5 from continuing to oscillate.
对于额定电流较大的线路，参考图2，以限压装置4采用双向电力电子开关为例，所述串联补偿电容7的保护过程和图1中串联补偿电容7的保护过程存在不同，具体如下：For lines with larger rated currents, refer to Figure 2, taking the voltage limiting device 4 using a bidirectional power electronic switch as an example. The protection process of the series compensation capacitor 7 is different from the protection process of the series compensation capacitor 7 in Figure 1, as follows. :
当线路正常工作时，激活主控制电路，主控制器9发送高电平导通信号d1(驱动信号)至驱动电路10，驱动电路10此时不向电力电子通断控制开关2的门极注入触发电流，电力电子通断控制开关2保持断开状态，电磁斥力机构12的动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122中无电流流过，线圈之间不产生电磁斥力。因此，真空灭弧部11一直保持断开状态，此时电流流经串联补偿电容7，用于降低线路等效电抗。When the line is operating normally, the main control circuit is activated, and the main controller 9 sends a high-level conduction signal d 1 (driving signal) to the driving circuit 10. At this time, the driving circuit 10 does not send a signal to the gate of the power electronic on-off control switch 2. The trigger current is injected, the power electronic on-off control switch 2 remains in the off state, no current flows in the kinetic repulsion coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122 of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12, and no electromagnetic repulsion is generated between the coils. Therefore, the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 remains in the off state. At this time, the current flows through the series compensation capacitor 7 to reduce the equivalent reactance of the line.
当系统发生短路故障时，电流检测TC8检测到线路中电流i1达到整定值，即达到故障电流范围时，主控制器9发送低电平关断信号d1(驱动信号)至驱动电路10，驱动电路10向电力电子通断控制开关2的门极注入触发电流令其触发，此时电力电子通断控制开关2导通，动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122所在回路被导通，动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122上通过电流，两线圈间产生电磁斥力，动斥力线圈121在电磁力的作用下驱动真空灭弧部11的触头闭合，真空灭弧部11闭合后，实现对串联补偿电容7和限压装置4的保护。When a short circuit fault occurs in the system, the current detection TC8 detects that the current i 1 in the line reaches the set value, that is, when it reaches the fault current range, the main controller 9 sends a low-level shutdown signal d 1 (drive signal) to the drive circuit 10, The drive circuit 10 injects a trigger current into the gate of the power electronic on-off control switch 2 to trigger it. At this time, the power electronic on-off control switch 2 is turned on, and the circuit where the kinetic repulsion coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122 are located is turned on, and the kinetic repulsion force Current passes through the coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122, and an electromagnetic repulsion force is generated between the two coils. The kinetic repulsion coil 121 drives the contacts of the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 to close under the action of the electromagnetic force. After the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 is closed, the series connection is realized. Protection of compensation capacitor 7 and voltage limiting device 4.
需要说明的是，在线路额定电流较大时，可使用分流TC13将线路电流变为小电流，再引导至电磁斥力机构12中的斥力线圈，进而通过电磁斥力机构12带动真空灭弧部11中动触头和静触头的分合，从而达到旁路串联补偿电容7的作用。It should be noted that when the rated current of the line is large, the shunt TC13 can be used to change the line current into a small current, and then guide it to the repulsion coil in the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12, and then drive the vacuum arc extinguishing unit 11 through the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12. The opening and closing of the moving contacts and the static contacts achieves the function of bypassing the series compensation capacitor 7.
其中，当该装置首次投入使用时，由于此时主控制电路未被激活，驱动电路10未上电，电力电子通断控制开关2处于自然关断状态。此时，如果线路存在短路故障，分流TC13二次侧输出电流直接流入电磁斥力机构12的斥力线圈组中，动斥力线圈121和静斥力线圈122之间产生电磁斥力，动斥力线圈121在电磁力的作用下驱动真空灭弧部11的触头闭合，真空灭弧部11闭合后，保护串联补偿电容7和限压装置4。Among them, when the device is put into use for the first time, since the main control circuit is not activated at this time, the driving circuit 10 is not powered on, and the power electronic on-off control switch 2 is in a natural off state. At this time, if there is a short circuit fault in the line, the secondary side output current of the shunt TC13 directly flows into the repulsion coil group of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism 12, and electromagnetic repulsion is generated between the kinetic repulsion coil 121 and the static repulsion coil 122. The contact of the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 is driven to close under the action of the voltage. After the vacuum arc extinguishing part 11 is closed, the series compensation capacitor 7 and the voltage limiting device 4 are protected.
当限压装置4采用避雷器如MOA(金属氧化物避雷器)避雷器时，则去除双向电力电子开关的驱动控制部分。当线路短路故障电流增大时，串联补偿电容7流过电流增大，其两端电压升高，其电压升高至超过避雷器残压时，避雷器动作，以限制串联补偿电容7电压上升，其中，快速开关3按照上述方法控制，快速开关3合闸后，可将避雷器和串联补偿电容7旁路，实现限压保护。When the voltage limiting device 4 adopts a lightning arrester such as a MOA (metal oxide arrester) arrester, the drive control part of the bidirectional power electronic switch is removed. When the line short-circuit fault current increases, the current flowing through the series compensation capacitor 7 increases, and the voltage at both ends rises. When the voltage rises to exceed the residual voltage of the arrester, the arrester operates to limit the voltage rise of the series compensation capacitor 7, where , the quick switch 3 is controlled according to the above method. After the quick switch 3 is closed, the arrester and the series compensation capacitor 7 can be bypassed to achieve voltage limiting protection.
综上所述，本发明所述的基于短路故障电流智能自驱的串联补偿电容装置可通过限压装置和快速开关限制短路故障时串联补偿电容极间的电压，实现串联补偿电容限压保护，具体在短路故障发生时，可通过限压装置限制串联补偿电容极间电压，然后通过驱动电路触发电力电子通断控制开关动作，使得电磁斥力机构的动、静斥力线圈上通过短路故障电流，以便在两线圈间产生电磁斥力，驱动真空灭弧部的触头快速闭合，从而实现快速开关的闭合，以将串联补偿电容旁路，进而达到对串联补偿电容进行限压保护的作用。该装置与传统串联补偿装置相比，其无需提供外部电源，而是由短路故障电流智能自驱动电磁斥力机构动作，并且相对于现有的串联补偿装置，其没有快速开关的储能电容，可以实现短时间内多次重合闸；另外，本发明还提供了两种电路结构，以使其能够应用于额定电流大的线路和额定电流小的线路，从而满足任何电压等级的应用需求；以及，本发明具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、动作速度快、可靠性高和经济性好的优点。In summary, the series compensation capacitor device based on the intelligent self-driven short-circuit fault current of the present invention can limit the voltage between the poles of the series compensation capacitor during a short-circuit fault through a voltage limiting device and a fast switch, thereby realizing voltage-limiting protection of the series compensation capacitor. Specifically, when a short-circuit fault occurs, the voltage between the series compensation capacitors can be limited by the voltage limiting device, and then the power electronic on-off control switch action is triggered through the drive circuit, so that the short-circuit fault current passes through the dynamic and static repulsion coils of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, so that Electromagnetic repulsion is generated between the two coils, driving the contacts of the vacuum arc extinguishing part to close quickly, thereby realizing the closing of the fast switch to bypass the series compensation capacitor, thereby achieving the function of voltage limiting protection for the series compensation capacitor. Compared with the traditional series compensation device, this device does not need to provide an external power supply. Instead, the short-circuit fault current intelligently self-drives the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism. Compared with the existing series compensation device, it does not have a fast-switching energy storage capacitor and can Achieve multiple reclosings in a short time; in addition, the present invention also provides two circuit structures so that it can be applied to lines with large rated current and lines with small rated current, thereby meeting the application requirements of any voltage level; and, The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, fast action speed, high reliability and good economy.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations are mutually exclusive. any such actual relationship or sequence exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprises," or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also those not expressly listed other elements, or elements inherent to the process, method, article or equipment. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the stated element.
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后，对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
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