CN117471192B - Fault detection method of vehicle-mounted antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及故障检测技术领域，特别是一种车载天线的故障检测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of fault detection, in particular to a fault detection method for a vehicle-mounted antenna.
背景技术Background technique
车载天线是安装在汽车、卡车、船舶以及其他交通工具上的天线设备，用于接收和发送无线信号，例如卫星导航信号、手机信号、无线电广播信号等。然而，车载天线的性能往往会受到各种因素的影响，例如环境因素(如湿度、温度、气压等)和设备因素(如通信参数、卫星导航参数等)。这些因素可能导致车载天线出现故障，如信号接收不良、导航精度下降等，从而影响车辆的行驶安全和可靠性。Vehicle antennas are antenna devices installed on cars, trucks, ships and other vehicles to receive and send wireless signals, such as satellite navigation signals, mobile phone signals, radio broadcast signals, etc. However, the performance of vehicle antennas is often affected by various factors, such as environmental factors (such as humidity, temperature, air pressure, etc.) and equipment factors (such as communication parameters, satellite navigation parameters, etc.). These factors may cause vehicle antenna failures, such as poor signal reception and reduced navigation accuracy, thus affecting the driving safety and reliability of the vehicle.
在现有的技术中，对车载天线的故障检测主要依赖于人工检测，这种方法不仅需要耗费大量的人力和时间，而且对于一些复杂的故障，可能难以准确地定位故障原因；此外，现有的故障检测方法通常仅关注单个参数或指标，缺乏多因素综合考量。In existing technologies, fault detection of vehicle-mounted antennas mainly relies on manual detection. This method not only consumes a lot of manpower and time, but also may be difficult to accurately locate the cause of some complex faults. In addition, existing fault detection methods usually only focus on a single parameter or indicator and lack comprehensive consideration of multiple factors.
因此，如何开发一种基于智能化技术的多因素车载天线故障检测方法是该领域亟待解决的技术难题。Therefore, how to develop a multi-factor vehicle antenna fault detection method based on intelligent technology is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field.
发明内容Summary of the invention
(一)解决的技术问题1. Technical issues to be solved
针对背景技术中的技术问题，本发明提出一种车载天线的故障检测方法，以解决人工检测效率低、花费多以及检测结果不全面的问题。In view of the technical problems in the background technology, the present invention proposes a fault detection method for a vehicle-mounted antenna to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost and incomplete detection results of manual detection.
(二)技术方案(II) Technical solution
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:
一种车载天线的故障检测方法，包括：A method for detecting a fault of a vehicle-mounted antenna, comprising:
S1、通过环境传感器组对车载天线所处的环境参数进行多组数据的采集，环境参数包括空气湿度Sd、温度Wd、气压强度Qy以及腐蚀性气体浓度Fs，并对同类型参数的多组数据进行综合数据分析处理，得到环境中空气湿度的实际指标温度的实际指标Wdb、气压强度的实际指标以及腐蚀性气体浓度的实际指标将四组实际指标进行无量纲化处理形成空气环境综合指标KHz，具体为：S1. Collect multiple sets of data on the environmental parameters of the vehicle antenna through the environmental sensor group. The environmental parameters include air humidity Sd, temperature Wd, air pressure intensity Qy and corrosive gas concentration Fs. Perform comprehensive data analysis on multiple sets of data of the same type of parameters to obtain the actual index of air humidity in the environment. The actual index of temperature Wdb, the actual index of air pressure intensity and actual indicators of corrosive gas concentrations The four groups of actual indicators are dimensionlessly processed to form the comprehensive air environment indicator KHz, which is:
其中，q为常数修正系数，α1、α2、α3分别为环境中空气湿度的实际指标气压强度的实际指标以及腐蚀性气体浓度的实际指标的权重因子，且1.21≤q≤1.86，0<α2<α3<α1，α1+α2+α3＝1.44；空气环境综合指标越高，则表示该环境对车载天线的影响越大；Among them, q is a constant correction coefficient, and α 1 , α 2 , and α 3 are actual indicators of air humidity in the environment. A practical indicator of the strength of air pressure and actual indicators of corrosive gas concentrations The weight factor is 1.21≤q≤1.86, 0<α 2 <α 3 <α 1 , α 1 +α 2 +α 3 =1.44; the higher the comprehensive index of the air environment, the greater the impact of the environment on the vehicle antenna;
S2、通过示波器、频谱分析仪、误码率测试设备以及阻抗分析仪对车载天线的通信参数进行数据的采集与处理，通信参数包括车载天线输入信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2、信噪比Xz1与Xz2、误码率Wm1与Wm2以及车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配值Zkz；并将输入信号与输出信号的相关参数结合形成输入信号性能指数Sr、输出信号性能指数Sc，并将其与车载电路与车载电子设备之间计算出的阻抗匹配率Xk进行无量纲化处理形成无线通信综合指标WXz，具体为：S2. The communication parameters of the vehicle antenna are collected and processed by an oscilloscope, a spectrum analyzer, a bit error rate test device and an impedance analyzer. The communication parameters include the signal strength Qd1 and Qd2 of the vehicle antenna input signal and the output signal, the signal stability index Wd1 and Wd2 , the signal-to-noise ratio Xz1 and Xz2 , the bit error rate Wm1 and Wm2 , and the impedance matching value Zkz between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device; and the relevant parameters of the input signal and the output signal are combined to form the input signal performance index Sr and the output signal performance index Sc, and the input signal and the impedance matching ratio Xk calculated between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device are processed dimensionlessly to form the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz, which is specifically:
其中，β1为输入信号性能指数Sr以及输出信号性能指数Sc的权重因子，β2为阻抗匹配率Zk的权重因子，C1为常数修正系数，且β1>β2>0，β1+β2＝1.15；无线通信综合指标越低，表示车载天线无线通信功能越有可能发生故障；Wherein, β 1 is the weight factor of the input signal performance index Sr and the output signal performance index Sc, β 2 is the weight factor of the impedance matching rate Zk, C 1 is the constant correction coefficient, and β 1 >β 2 >0, β 1 +β 2 =1.15; the lower the wireless communication comprehensive index, the more likely the wireless communication function of the vehicle antenna is to fail;
S3、通过GPS测试设备以及GPS接收器对车载天线的卫星导航参数进行数据的采集与处理，卫星导航参数包括定位误差Dw、卫星信号捕获时间Bh、重捕时间Cb以及热启动次数Rqd；对同类型参数的多组数据进行综合数据分析处理，得到检测时间段内平均捕获时间平均重捕时间以及平均热启动次数作为实际数据，并将卫星导航相关参数的实际数据进行无量纲化处理形成卫星导航综合指标WDz，具体为：S3. Collect and process the satellite navigation parameters of the vehicle antenna through GPS test equipment and GPS receiver. The satellite navigation parameters include positioning error Dw, satellite signal capture time Bh, recapture time Cb and number of hot starts Rqd; perform comprehensive data analysis on multiple groups of data of the same type of parameters to obtain the average capture time within the detection period. Average recapture time and the average number of hot starts As actual data, the actual data of satellite navigation related parameters are dimensionlessly processed to form the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz, which is:
其中，γ1为定位误差Dw的权重因子，γ2为平均捕获时间平均重捕时间以及平均热启动次数的综合权重因子，C2为常数修正系数，且γ1>γ2>0，γ1+γ2＝1.33；卫星导航综合指标越高，则表示车载天线卫星导航功能越有可能发生故障；Among them, γ 1 is the weight factor of the positioning error Dw, and γ 2 is the average capture time Average recapture time and the average number of hot starts The comprehensive weight factor of C2 is the constant correction coefficient, and γ1 > γ2 >0, γ1 + γ2 ＝1.33; the higher the satellite navigation comprehensive index is, the more likely the satellite navigation function of the vehicle antenna will fail;
S4、分别设置空气环境综合指标阈值KHz0、无线通信综合指标阈值WXz0以及卫星导航综合指标阈值WDz0，将计算出的空气环境综合指标KHz、无线通信综合指标WXz以及卫星导航综合指标WDz与对应的阈值相比较，判断车载天线发生故障的原因，并提供相应的维修方案。S4. Set the air environment comprehensive index threshold KHz 0 , the wireless communication comprehensive index threshold WXz 0 and the satellite navigation comprehensive index threshold WDz 0 respectively, compare the calculated air environment comprehensive index KHz, the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz and the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz with the corresponding thresholds, determine the cause of the vehicle antenna failure, and provide a corresponding maintenance plan.
具体的，环境传感器组包括湿度计、温度传感器、气压计以及气体检测仪；即使用湿度计测量车载天线所处环境中空气的湿度Sd，使用温度传感器测量车载天线所处环境中的温度Wd，使用气压计测量车载天线所处环境中的气压强度Qy，使用气体检测仪测量车载天线所处环境中的腐蚀性气体浓度Fs。Specifically, the environmental sensor group includes a hygrometer, a temperature sensor, a barometer and a gas detector; that is, the hygrometer is used to measure the humidity Sd of the air in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located, the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature Wd in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located, the barometer is used to measure the air pressure intensity Qy in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located, and the gas detector is used to measure the corrosive gas concentration Fs in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located.
进一步的，设置监测周期，并每隔1分钟自动监测空气环境数据，并记录此时湿度计、温度传感器、气压计以及气体检测仪中的数据；当一个监测周期结束后，对监测周期内收集到的多组数据进行综合数据分析处理，具体为：若一个监测周期内中记录了n条数据，则计算n条数据中空气湿度Sdi的平均值其中i为一个监测周期内的第i条数据，并将该平均值作为当前环境中空气湿度的实际指标；将n条数据中温度数值未超出温度阈值范围的数据个数占n条数据中的比例Wdb作为前环境中温度的实际指标；计算n条数据中气压强度Qyi的平均值并将该平均值作为当前环境中气压强度的实际指标；计算n条数据中腐蚀性气体浓度Fsi的平均值并将该平均值作为当前环境中腐蚀性气体浓度的实际指标；Furthermore, a monitoring cycle is set, and the air environment data is automatically monitored every 1 minute, and the data in the hygrometer, temperature sensor, barometer and gas detector are recorded at this time; when a monitoring cycle is over, the multiple sets of data collected in the monitoring cycle are subjected to comprehensive data analysis and processing, specifically: if n data are recorded in a monitoring cycle, the average value of the air humidity Sd i in the n data is calculated Where i is the i-th data in a monitoring cycle, and the average value is used as the actual indicator of air humidity in the current environment; the proportion of the number of data whose temperature values do not exceed the temperature threshold range in the n data is used as the actual indicator of temperature in the previous environment; the average value of the air pressure intensity Qy i in the n data is calculated And use the average value as the actual indicator of the air pressure intensity in the current environment; calculate the average value of the corrosive gas concentration Fs i in n data And use this average value as a practical indicator of the concentration of corrosive gases in the current environment;
分别设置空气湿度、温度、气压强度与腐蚀性气体浓度相对应的阈值。Set the thresholds corresponding to the air humidity, temperature, air pressure intensity and corrosive gas concentration respectively.
具体的，通过示波器分别对车载天线的输入信号与输出信号进行采集，通过对生成的信号图像数据以及功率数据进行分析与计算得到输入信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Qd2；具体为：Specifically, the input signal and the output signal of the vehicle-mounted antenna are respectively collected by an oscilloscope, and the signal strengths Qd 1 and Qd 2 of the input signal and the output signal and the signal stability index Wd 1 and Qd 2 are obtained by analyzing and calculating the generated signal image data and power data; specifically:
使用同轴电缆将示波器的输入端口连接到车载天线的接收端口上；设置示波器的垂直尺度和触发电平；调整示波器的水平和时间基准；设定采样时间，启动示波器的采集功能，开始采集输入信号的波形；示波器中会形成一条固定时间段的信号波形；Use a coaxial cable to connect the input port of the oscilloscope to the receiving port of the vehicle antenna; set the vertical scale and trigger level of the oscilloscope; adjust the horizontal and time base of the oscilloscope; set the sampling time, start the acquisition function of the oscilloscope, and start collecting the waveform of the input signal; a signal waveform with a fixed time period will be formed in the oscilloscope;
等时间间距设置m个采样点，记录每个采样点对应的振幅Zfj，其中，j表示第j个采样点，则该时间段车载天线的输入信号强度Qd1根据下列公式计算得出：Set m sampling points at equal time intervals and record the amplitude Zf j corresponding to each sampling point, where j represents the jth sampling point. Then the input signal strength Qd 1 of the vehicle antenna in this time period is calculated according to the following formula:
根据采样点处信号强度的标准差生成输入信号稳定指数Qd1，具体为：The input signal stability index Qd 1 is generated according to the standard deviation of the signal strength at the sampling point, specifically:
使用同轴电缆将示波器的输出端口与车载天线的发送端口相连接；设置示波器的输出信号频率、幅度和波形形状；调整示波器的水平和时间基准；设定采样时间，启动示波器的采集功能，开始采集输入信号的波形；示波器中会形成一条固定时间段的信号波形；Use a coaxial cable to connect the output port of the oscilloscope to the transmission port of the vehicle antenna; set the output signal frequency, amplitude and waveform shape of the oscilloscope; adjust the horizontal and time base of the oscilloscope; set the sampling time, start the acquisition function of the oscilloscope, and start collecting the waveform of the input signal; a signal waveform with a fixed time period will be formed in the oscilloscope;
等时间间距设置p个采样点，记录每个采样点对应的振幅Zfk，则该时间段车载天线的输出信号强度Qd2根据下列公式计算得出：Set p sampling points at equal time intervals and record the amplitude Zf k corresponding to each sampling point. Then the output signal strength Qd 2 of the vehicle antenna in this time period is calculated according to the following formula:
根据采样点处信号强度的标准差生成输出信号稳定指数Wd2，具体为：The output signal stability index Wd 2 is generated according to the standard deviation of the signal strength at the sampling point, specifically:
分别设置输入信号与输出信号的信号强度与信号稳定指数相对应的阈值；Set thresholds corresponding to the signal strength and signal stability index of the input signal and the output signal respectively;
具体的，通过频谱分析仪分别对车载天线的输入信号与输出信号进行采集，通过对生成的频谱图进行分析与计算得到输入信号与输出信号的信噪比Xz1与Xz2，具体为：Specifically, the input signal and the output signal of the vehicle-mounted antenna are collected by a spectrum analyzer, and the signal-to-noise ratios Xz 1 and Xz 2 of the input signal and the output signal are obtained by analyzing and calculating the generated spectrum diagram, which are specifically:
将频谱分析仪的输入端口连接到车载天线的接收端口或发送端口；设置频谱分析仪的参数，包括中心频率、带宽、分辨带宽和视频带宽等，确保参数设置适合评估信噪比；根据信号的带宽，从生成的两组频谱图中分别选择表示信号的频谱区域；选择频谱图中没有信号的区域作为噪声参考；在所选择的信号带宽内，通过测量两组频谱图中信号所占的能量区域的面积，分别得到输入或输出信号的功率p1与p2；在所选择的噪声带宽内，通过测量两组频谱图中信号所占的能量区域的面积，分别得到噪声的功率p3与p4，则计算输入信号与输出信号的信噪比Xz1与Xz2具体如下：Connect the input port of the spectrum analyzer to the receiving port or transmitting port of the vehicle antenna; set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer, including the center frequency, bandwidth, resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth, etc., to ensure that the parameter settings are suitable for evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio; select the spectrum area representing the signal from the two sets of spectrum graphs generated according to the bandwidth of the signal; select the area without signal in the spectrum graph as the noise reference; within the selected signal bandwidth, by measuring the area of the energy area occupied by the signal in the two sets of spectrum graphs, respectively obtain the power p1 and p2 of the input or output signal; within the selected noise bandwidth, by measuring the area of the energy area occupied by the signal in the two sets of spectrum graphs, respectively obtain the power p3 and p4 of the noise, then calculate the signal-to-noise ratio Xz1 and Xz2 of the input signal and the output signal as follows:
通过对输入信号与输出信号的传输结果进行分析得到各自对应的误码率Wm1与Wm2；具体为：By analyzing the transmission results of the input signal and the output signal, the corresponding bit error rates Wm 1 and Wm 2 are obtained; specifically:
准备一个已知正确的信号作为参考，称为参考信号；在车载天线的输入端使用信号发生器生成上述准备的参考信号；将参考信号输入车载天线，通过车载天线发送至输出端；在车载天线的输出端设置一个误码率测试设备，用于接收车载天线输出端的信号，并与参考信号进行比较；统计数据接收到的误码数N2；根据总比特数N1，计算输入信号的误码率 Prepare a known correct signal as a reference, called a reference signal; use a signal generator to generate the prepared reference signal at the input end of the vehicle antenna; input the reference signal into the vehicle antenna and send it to the output end through the vehicle antenna; set up a bit error rate test device at the output end of the vehicle antenna to receive the signal at the output end of the vehicle antenna and compare it with the reference signal; count the number of bit errors received N 2 ; calculate the bit error rate of the input signal based on the total number of bits N 1
同理，准备一个已知正确的信号作为参考信号；在车载天线的输出端使用信号发生器生成一个已知的参考信号；将参考信号输入测试设备；在测试设备的输入端设置一个误码率测试设备，用于接收车载天线实际输出的信号，并与参考信号进行比较；统计数据接收到的误码数N4；根据总比特数N3，计算输出信号的误码率 Similarly, prepare a known correct signal as a reference signal; use a signal generator to generate a known reference signal at the output end of the vehicle antenna; input the reference signal into the test equipment; set up a bit error rate test equipment at the input end of the test equipment to receive the actual output signal of the vehicle antenna and compare it with the reference signal; statistically count the number of bit errors received N 4 ; calculate the bit error rate of the output signal based on the total number of bits N 3
分别设置输入信号与输出信号的信噪比、误码率相对应的阈值。The thresholds corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate of the input signal and the output signal are set respectively.
进一步的，将输入信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2、信噪比Xz1与Xz2、误码率Wm1与Wm2进行无量纲化处理，将各项参数相关联，分别形成输入信号性能指数Sr、输出信号性能指数Sc，具体为：Furthermore, the signal strengths Qd 1 and Qd 2 of the input signal and the output signal, the signal stability index Wd 1 and Wd 2 , the signal-to-noise ratio Xz 1 and Xz 2 , and the bit error rate Wm 1 and Wm 2 are dimensionlessly processed, and the various parameters are associated to form the input signal performance index Sr and the output signal performance index Sc, respectively, as follows:
其中，l1、l2、l3分别为输出信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2、信噪比Xz1与Xz2的影响因子，且0<l3<l2<l1，l1+l2+l3＝1.23。Among them, l 1 , l 2 , l 3 are the influence factors of the output signal and the signal strength Qd 1 and Qd 2 , the signal stability index Wd 1 and Wd 2 , and the signal-to-noise ratio Xz 1 and Xz 2 respectively, and 0<l 3 <l 2 <l 1 , l 1 +l 2 +l 3 =1.23.
具体的，通过阻抗分析仪测得车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配值Zkz，设置阻抗匹配阈值范围[Zkz1,Zlz2]，则车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配率Zk，具体为：Specifically, the impedance matching value Zkz between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device is measured by an impedance analyzer, and the impedance matching threshold range [Zkz 1 ,Zlz 2 ] is set. Then, the impedance matching rate Zk between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device is specifically:
其中，Zk0为预设的阻抗匹配率标准值；Wherein, Zk 0 is the preset impedance matching rate standard value;
设置车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配率阈值。Set the impedance matching ratio threshold between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device.
具体的，将GPS测试设备与车载天线连接；在车辆静止状态下，记录GPS测试设备显示的定位结果，包括经度、纬度数据；同时，记录车载天线接收到的卫星信号发出的经纬度信息；将GPS测试设备的接收到的经度Jd0与纬度Wd0与车载天线接收到的卫星信号发出的经度Jd1与纬度Wd1进行对比，计算两者之间的定位误差Dw，具体为：Specifically, connect the GPS test equipment to the vehicle antenna; when the vehicle is stationary, record the positioning results displayed by the GPS test equipment, including longitude and latitude data; at the same time, record the longitude and longitude information sent by the satellite signal received by the vehicle antenna; compare the longitude Jd 0 and latitude Wd 0 received by the GPS test equipment with the longitude Jd 1 and latitude Wd 1 sent by the satellite signal received by the vehicle antenna, and calculate the positioning error Dw between the two, specifically:
设置一个固定时间段，在该时间段内实时监测车载天线对卫星信号的捕获时间Bh、重捕时间Cb以及热启动次数Rqd，将多个时间段的监测到的车载天线对卫星信号的捕获时间Bh、重捕时间Cb以及热启动次数Rqd取均值作为其实际数据，分别为以及 Set a fixed time period, monitor the vehicle antenna's capture time Bh, recapture time Cb and hot start times Rqd of satellite signals in real time during this time period, and take the average of the vehicle antenna's capture time Bh, recapture time Cb and hot start times Rqd of satellite signals monitored in multiple time periods as the actual data, which are as well as
分别设置定位误差、捕获时间、重捕时间以及热启动次数相对应的阈值。Set the corresponding thresholds for positioning error, capture time, recapture time and number of hot starts respectively.
具体的，当空气环境综合指标KHz大于或等于空气环境综合指标阈值KHz0时，则判断车载天线发生故障是由当前空气环境所导致的，且无需进行后续无线通信与卫星导航功能的检测；通过比较各个环境参数与对应阈值的大小关系，判断环境参数中的哪些参数发生了异常，根据不同环境参数产生的不同后果判断哪些零件受损，并从对应故障检修库中取出相应的维修方案发送给车主；Specifically, when the air environment comprehensive index KHz is greater than or equal to the air environment comprehensive index threshold KHz 0 , it is determined that the vehicle antenna failure is caused by the current air environment, and there is no need to perform subsequent wireless communication and satellite navigation function detection; by comparing the size relationship between each environmental parameter and the corresponding threshold, it is determined which parameters in the environmental parameters are abnormal, and according to the different consequences of different environmental parameters, it is determined which parts are damaged, and the corresponding maintenance plan is taken out from the corresponding fault repair library and sent to the car owner;
当空气环境综合指标KHz小于空气环境综合指标阈值KHz0时，则说明车载天线发生故障不是由当前空气环境所导致的，则需要进一步判断无线通信与卫星导航功能的检测，具体为：When the air environment comprehensive index KHz is less than the air environment comprehensive index threshold KHz 0 , it means that the vehicle antenna failure is not caused by the current air environment, and further judgment of the wireless communication and satellite navigation function detection is required, specifically:
当无线通信综合指标WXz小于或等于无线通信综合指标阈值WXz0时，则判断车载天线的无线通信功能发生故障，通过比较各个通信参数与对应阈值的大小关系，判断通信参数中的哪些参数发生了异常，并根据异常参数进一步判断输入或输出电路中受损的元件，并从对应故障检修库中取出相应的维修方案发送给车主；When the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz is less than or equal to the wireless communication comprehensive index threshold WXz 0 , it is determined that the wireless communication function of the vehicle antenna fails. By comparing the size relationship between each communication parameter and the corresponding threshold, it is determined which parameters in the communication parameters are abnormal, and the damaged components in the input or output circuit are further determined based on the abnormal parameters, and the corresponding maintenance plan is taken out from the corresponding fault repair library and sent to the car owner;
当卫星导航综合指标WDz大于或等于卫星导航综合指标阈值WDz0时，则判断车载天线的卫星导航功能发生故障，即表示车载天线的卫星接收模块发生了故障，并从对应故障检修库中取出相应的维修方案发送给车主；When the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz is greater than or equal to the satellite navigation comprehensive index threshold WDz 0 , it is determined that the satellite navigation function of the vehicle antenna is faulty, that is, the satellite receiving module of the vehicle antenna is faulty, and the corresponding repair plan is taken out from the corresponding fault repair library and sent to the owner;
当无线通信综合指标WXz大于无线通信综合指标阈值WXz0或者卫星导航综合指标WDz小于卫星导航综合指标阈值WDz0时，则说明车载天线的故障未发生在无线通信与卫星导航功能中，向车主发送外观检测模块，提醒车主检查车载天线的外观是否出现破损或者天线的角度是否出现指向错误来进一步判断车载天线故障的原因。When the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz is greater than the wireless communication comprehensive index threshold WXz 0 or the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz is less than the satellite navigation comprehensive index threshold WDz 0 , it means that the failure of the vehicle antenna does not occur in the wireless communication and satellite navigation functions, and the appearance detection module is sent to the car owner to remind the car owner to check whether the appearance of the vehicle antenna is damaged or whether the angle of the antenna is pointing incorrectly to further determine the cause of the vehicle antenna failure.
(三)有益效果(III) Beneficial effects
本发明提供了一种车载天线的故障检测方法，具备以下有益效果：The present invention provides a method for detecting a fault of a vehicle-mounted antenna, which has the following beneficial effects:
1、通过采集和分析空气湿度、温度、气压强度和腐蚀性气体浓度等环境参数，可以得到车载天线所处的实际环境指标，从而判断环境是否对车载天线产生了影响。这样可以提前预警可能造成故障的环境条件，采取相应的维护措施；1. By collecting and analyzing environmental parameters such as air humidity, temperature, air pressure and corrosive gas concentration, the actual environmental indicators of the vehicle antenna can be obtained, so as to determine whether the environment has an impact on the vehicle antenna. This can provide early warning of environmental conditions that may cause failures and take corresponding maintenance measures;
2、通过对环境指标、通信参数和卫星导航参数进行无量纲化处理，可以将不同类型的指标统一到一个综合指数上，便于对比和判断故障的原因。这样可以更直观地判断车载天线的故障情况，也可以更全面地评估车载天线的工作状态，准确判断故障类型和程度；2. By dimensionlessly processing environmental indicators, communication parameters, and satellite navigation parameters, different types of indicators can be unified into a comprehensive index, which is convenient for comparison and judgment of the cause of the fault. This can more intuitively judge the fault of the vehicle antenna, and can also more comprehensively evaluate the working status of the vehicle antenna and accurately judge the type and degree of the fault;
3、通过比较综合指数和对应的阈值，可以根据故障指标的不同情况，准确地判断出车载天线故障发生的原因，是由环境、无线通信还是卫星导航问题所致。针对不同的故障原因，可以提供相应的维修方案，提高故障的定位和解决效率；3. By comparing the comprehensive index and the corresponding threshold, the cause of the vehicle antenna failure can be accurately determined according to the different conditions of the fault indicators, whether it is caused by the environment, wireless communication or satellite navigation problems. According to different fault causes, corresponding maintenance solutions can be provided to improve the efficiency of fault location and resolution;
4、通过综合指标判断故障原因，可以减少虚假报警的情况。如果车载天线故障不是由当前环境造成的，就会进一步判断无线通信和卫星导航功能的状态，只有在相应指标符合故障判断条件时才会发送维修方案；4. By judging the cause of the fault through comprehensive indicators, false alarms can be reduced. If the vehicle antenna fault is not caused by the current environment, the status of the wireless communication and satellite navigation functions will be further judged, and the maintenance plan will be sent only when the corresponding indicators meet the fault judgment conditions;
5、根据故障的原因，系统会从对应故障检修库中选择相应的维修方案，提供给车主。这样可以精确匹配故障情况，提高维修效率和准确性。5. According to the cause of the fault, the system will select the corresponding maintenance plan from the corresponding fault repair library and provide it to the car owner. This can accurately match the fault situation and improve maintenance efficiency and accuracy.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明提供的车载天线的故障检测方法的步骤流程图；FIG1 is a flowchart of the steps of a method for detecting a fault of a vehicle-mounted antenna provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明中故障检测的关联因素示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of associated factors of fault detection in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
参考图1及图2，本发明提供一种车载天线的故障检测方法，包括如下步骤：1 and 2 , the present invention provides a method for detecting a fault of a vehicle-mounted antenna, comprising the following steps:
S1、通过环境传感器组对车载天线所处的环境参数进行多组数据的采集，环境参数包括空气湿度Sd、温度Wd、气压强度Qy以及腐蚀性气体浓度Fs，并对同类型参数的多组数据进行综合数据分析处理，得到检测时间段内各类型参数的实际指标，将四组实际指标结合形成空气环境综合指标KHz；S1. Collect multiple sets of data on the environmental parameters of the vehicle antenna through the environmental sensor group. The environmental parameters include air humidity Sd, temperature Wd, air pressure intensity Qy and corrosive gas concentration Fs. Perform comprehensive data analysis on multiple sets of data of the same type of parameters to obtain the actual indicators of each type of parameters within the detection time period. Combine the four sets of actual indicators to form a comprehensive air environment indicator KHz;
在进一步对车载天线进行功能上的故障分析之前，需要对车载天线所处的空气环境进行分析，判断车载天线的故障是否由空气环境种某些因素的数值或浓度引起的；空气环境中的湿度、温度、气压以及腐蚀性气体浓度因素可能会对车载天线产生影响，具体为：Before further analyzing the functional failure of the vehicle antenna, it is necessary to analyze the air environment in which the vehicle antenna is located to determine whether the failure of the vehicle antenna is caused by the value or concentration of certain factors in the air environment; the humidity, temperature, air pressure and corrosive gas concentration factors in the air environment may have an impact on the vehicle antenna, specifically:
当空气中湿度过高时，车载天线的内部和表面可能会凝结水分，导致车载天线内部的电子元件和金属材料受到腐蚀。此外，水分还可能导致车载天线内部的电路短路或漏电，从而很可能导致车载天线的出现故障；When the humidity in the air is too high, moisture may condense inside and on the surface of the vehicle antenna, causing corrosion to the electronic components and metal materials inside the vehicle antenna. In addition, moisture may also cause short circuits or leakage in the circuits inside the vehicle antenna, which may cause the vehicle antenna to malfunction;
温度的高低可能会影响车载天线的性能和使用寿命。高温可能会导致车载天线内部的电子元件过热，从而加速其老化或损坏。低温则可能导致车载天线材料变硬或变脆，从而影响其机械性能和使用寿命。如果车载天线长时间处于高温或者低温环境下，则很有可能导致其出现故障；Temperature may affect the performance and service life of the vehicle antenna. High temperature may cause the electronic components inside the vehicle antenna to overheat, thus accelerating their aging or damage. Low temperature may cause the vehicle antenna material to become hard or brittle, thus affecting its mechanical properties and service life. If the vehicle antenna is in a high or low temperature environment for a long time, it is very likely to cause it to malfunction;
大气压的变化可能会对车载天线的性能产生影响。在高原或高海拔地区，由于大气压较低，可能会导致车载天线性能下降。这主要是因为气压的变化会影响空气的折射率，从而影响车载天线的信号传输，进而很可能会影响车载天线中的某些功能发生故障；Changes in atmospheric pressure may affect the performance of vehicle antennas. In plateaus or high altitude areas, the lower atmospheric pressure may cause vehicle antenna performance to deteriorate. This is mainly because changes in air pressure affect the refractive index of the air, thereby affecting the signal transmission of the vehicle antenna, which in turn is likely to cause certain functions in the vehicle antenna to malfunction;
空气中的腐蚀性气体可能会对车载天线的表面和内部零件造成腐蚀。例如，硫化物、氯化物、氧化物等腐蚀性气体可能会与金属材料发生化学反应，从而破坏其表面涂层或导致金属材料的脆化。此外，腐蚀性气体还可能进入天线内部，对内部的电子元件造成腐蚀或破坏；从而很可能导致车载天线的出现故障。Corrosive gases in the air may corrode the surface and internal parts of the vehicle antenna. For example, corrosive gases such as sulfides, chlorides, and oxides may react chemically with metal materials, thereby destroying their surface coatings or causing embrittlement of metal materials. In addition, corrosive gases may also enter the interior of the antenna, corroding or destroying the internal electronic components; thus, it is likely to cause the vehicle antenna to malfunction.
环境传感器组包括湿度计、温度传感器、气压计以及气体检测仪；即使用湿度计测量车载天线所处环境中空气的湿度Sd，使用温度传感器测量车载天线所处环境中的温度Wd，使用气压计测量车载天线所处环境中的气压强度Qy，使用气体检测仪测量车载天线所处环境中的腐蚀性气体浓度Fs。The environmental sensor group includes a hygrometer, a temperature sensor, a barometer and a gas detector; that is, the hygrometer is used to measure the humidity Sd of the air in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located, the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature Wd in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located, the barometer is used to measure the air pressure intensity Qy in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located, and the gas detector is used to measure the corrosive gas concentration Fs in the environment where the vehicle antenna is located.
设置监测周期，并每隔1分钟自动监测空气环境数据，并记录此时湿度计、温度传感器、气压计以及气体检测仪中的数据；当一个监测周期结束后，对监测周期内收集到的多组数据进行综合数据分析处理，具体为：令一个监测周期内中记录了n条数据，则计算n条数据中空气湿度Sdi的平均值其中i为一个监测周期内的第i条数据，并将该平均值作为当前环境中空气湿度的实际指标；将n条数据中温度数值未超出温度阈值范围的数据个数占n条数据中的比例Wdb作为前环境中温度的实际指标；计算n条数据中气压强度Qyi的平均值并将该平均值作为当前环境中气压强度的实际指标；计算n条数据中腐蚀性气体浓度Fsi的平均值并将该平均值作为当前环境中腐蚀性气体浓度的实际指标。Set a monitoring cycle, and automatically monitor the air environment data every 1 minute, and record the data in the hygrometer, temperature sensor, barometer and gas detector at this time; when a monitoring cycle is over, perform comprehensive data analysis and processing on the multiple sets of data collected during the monitoring cycle, specifically: if n data are recorded in a monitoring cycle, then calculate the average value of the air humidity Sd i in the n data Where i is the i-th data in a monitoring cycle, and the average value is used as the actual indicator of air humidity in the current environment; the proportion of the number of data whose temperature values do not exceed the temperature threshold range in the n data is used as the actual indicator of temperature in the previous environment; the average value of the air pressure intensity Qy i in the n data is calculated And use the average value as the actual indicator of the air pressure intensity in the current environment; calculate the average value of the corrosive gas concentration Fs i in n data And use this average value as an actual indicator of the concentration of corrosive gases in the current environment.
分别设置空气湿度、温度、气压强度与腐蚀性气体浓度相对应的阈值。Set the thresholds corresponding to the air humidity, temperature, air pressure intensity and corrosive gas concentration respectively.
进一步对环境中空气湿度的实际指标温度的实际指标Wdb、气压强度的实际指标以及腐蚀性气体浓度的实际指标进行无量纲化处理，将各项参数相关联，得到空气环境综合指标KHz，具体为：Further actual indicators of air humidity in the environment The actual index of temperature Wdb, the actual index of air pressure intensity and actual indicators of corrosive gas concentrations By performing dimensionless processing and correlating various parameters, we can obtain the comprehensive index of air environment KHz, which is:
其中，q为常数修正系数，α1、α2、α3分别为环境中空气湿度的实际指标气压强度的实际指标以及腐蚀性气体浓度的实际指标的权重因子，且1.21≤q≤1.86，0<α2<α3<α1，α1+α2+α3＝1.44；空气环境综合指标越高，则表示该环境对车载天线的影响越大。Among them, q is a constant correction coefficient, and α 1 , α 2 , and α 3 are actual indicators of air humidity in the environment. A practical indicator of the strength of air pressure and actual indicators of corrosive gas concentrations The weight factor is 1.21≤q≤1.86, 0<α 2 <α 3 <α 1 , α 1 +α 2 +α 3 =1.44; the higher the comprehensive index of the air environment is, the greater the impact of the environment on the vehicle antenna is.
S2、通过示波器、频谱分析仪、误码率测试设备以及阻抗分析仪对车载天线的通信参数进行数据的采集与处理，通信参数包括车载天线输入信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2、信噪比Xz1与Xz2、误码率Wm1与Wm2以及车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配值Zkz；并将输入信号与输出信号的相关参数结合形成输入信号性能指数Sr、输出信号性能指数Sc，并将其与车载电路与车载电子设备之间计算出的阻抗匹配率Zk结合形成无线通信综合指标WXz；S2. Collect and process data of the communication parameters of the vehicle antenna through an oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, bit error rate test equipment and impedance analyzer. The communication parameters include the signal strength Qd 1 and Qd 2 of the input signal and output signal of the vehicle antenna, the signal stability index Wd 1 and Wd 2 , the signal-to-noise ratio Xz 1 and Xz 2 , the bit error rate Wm 1 and Wm 2 , and the impedance matching value Zkz between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device; and combine the relevant parameters of the input signal and the output signal to form the input signal performance index Sr and the output signal performance index Sc, and combine them with the impedance matching rate Zk calculated between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device to form the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz;
对输入信号与输出信号的信号强度以及信号稳定性进行分析可以快速定位和诊断车载天线可能存在的故障或问题，如果输入信号的信号强度比正常值低，可能存在接收器故障或线路损坏等问题；如果输出信号的信号稳定指数异常，可能存在发射器故障或线路不稳定等问题；Analyzing the signal strength and signal stability of the input and output signals can quickly locate and diagnose possible faults or problems with the vehicle antenna. If the signal strength of the input signal is lower than normal, there may be problems such as receiver failure or line damage; if the signal stability index of the output signal is abnormal, there may be problems such as transmitter failure or line instability.
通过示波器分别对车载天线的输入信号与输出信号进行采集，通过对生成的信号图像数据以及功率数据进行分析与计算得到输入信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2；具体为：The input signal and output signal of the vehicle-mounted antenna are collected by an oscilloscope, and the signal strengths Qd 1 and Qd 2 of the input signal and the output signal, and the signal stability indexes Wd 1 and Wd 2 are obtained by analyzing and calculating the generated signal image data and power data; specifically:
使用同轴电缆将示波器的输入端口连接到车载天线的接收端口上；设置示波器的垂直尺度和触发电平，确保能够适当地显示输入信号的振幅；调整示波器的水平和时间基准，以便能够清晰地观察到输入信号的波形；设定采样时间，启动示波器的采集功能，开始采集输入信号的波形；示波器中会形成一条固定时间段的信号波形。Use a coaxial cable to connect the input port of the oscilloscope to the receiving port of the vehicle antenna; set the vertical scale and trigger level of the oscilloscope to ensure that the amplitude of the input signal can be properly displayed; adjust the horizontal and time base of the oscilloscope so that the waveform of the input signal can be clearly observed; set the sampling time, start the acquisition function of the oscilloscope, and begin to acquire the waveform of the input signal; a signal waveform with a fixed time period will be formed in the oscilloscope.
等时间间距设置m个采样点，记录每个采样点对应的振幅Zfj，其中，j表示第j个采样点，则该时间段车载天线的输入信号强度Qd1根据下列公式计算得出：Set m sampling points at equal time intervals and record the amplitude Zf j corresponding to each sampling point, where j represents the jth sampling point. Then the input signal strength Qd 1 of the vehicle antenna in this time period is calculated according to the following formula:
根据采样点处信号强度的标准差生成输入信号稳定指数Wd1，具体为：The input signal stability index Wd 1 is generated according to the standard deviation of the signal strength at the sampling point, specifically:
使用同轴电缆将示波器的输出端口与车载天线的发送端口相连接；设置示波器的输出信号频率、幅度和波形形状，以满足发送信号的需求；调整示波器的水平和时间基准，以便能够清晰地观察到输出信号的波形；设定采样时间，启动示波器的采集功能，开始采集输入信号的波形；示波器中会形成一条固定时间段的信号波形。Use a coaxial cable to connect the output port of the oscilloscope to the transmitting port of the vehicle antenna; set the output signal frequency, amplitude and waveform shape of the oscilloscope to meet the needs of sending signals; adjust the horizontal and time base of the oscilloscope so that the waveform of the output signal can be clearly observed; set the sampling time, start the acquisition function of the oscilloscope, and begin to acquire the waveform of the input signal; a signal waveform with a fixed time period will be formed in the oscilloscope.
等时间间距设置p个采样点，记录每个采样点对应的振幅Zfk，则该时间段车载天线的输出信号强度Qd2根据下列公式计算得出：Set p sampling points at equal time intervals and record the amplitude Zf k corresponding to each sampling point. Then the output signal strength Qd 2 of the vehicle antenna in this time period is calculated according to the following formula:
根据采样点处信号强度的标准差生成输出信号稳定指数Wd2，具体为：The output signal stability index Wd 2 is generated according to the standard deviation of the signal strength at the sampling point, specifically:
分别设置输入信号与输出信号的信号强度与信号稳定指数相对应的阈值。The thresholds corresponding to the signal strength and signal stability index of the input signal and the output signal are set respectively.
信噪比是衡量车载天线接收和发送信号质量的重要指标。它表示信号与背景噪声的比率，可以评估车载天线在特定频率下接收和发送信号的清晰度和可靠性。如果输入信号的信噪比比正常值低，可能存在接收器故障或外部干扰等问题；如果输出信号的信噪比异常，可能存在发射器故障或信号处理问题等；The signal-to-noise ratio is an important indicator to measure the quality of the signal received and sent by the vehicle antenna. It represents the ratio of the signal to the background noise, and can evaluate the clarity and reliability of the vehicle antenna receiving and sending signals at a specific frequency. If the signal-to-noise ratio of the input signal is lower than the normal value, there may be problems such as receiver failure or external interference; if the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is abnormal, there may be problems such as transmitter failure or signal processing problems;
通过频谱分析仪分别对车载天线的输入信号与输出信号进行采集，通过对生成的频谱图进行分析与计算得到输入信号与输出信号的信噪比Xz1与Xz2，具体为：The input signal and output signal of the vehicle-mounted antenna are collected by a spectrum analyzer, and the signal-to-noise ratios Xz 1 and Xz 2 of the input signal and the output signal are obtained by analyzing and calculating the generated spectrum diagram, which are specifically:
将频谱分析仪的输入端口连接到车载天线的接收端口或发送端口；设置频谱分析仪的参数，包括中心频率、带宽、分辨带宽和视频带宽等，确保参数设置适合评估信噪比；根据信号的带宽，从生成的两组频谱图中分别选择表示信号的频谱区域；选择频谱图中没有信号的区域作为噪声参考；在所选择的信号带宽内，通过测量两组频谱图中信号所占的能量区域的面积，分别得到输入或输出信号的功率p1与p2；在所选择的噪声带宽内，通过测量两组频谱图中信号所占的能量区域的面积，分别得到噪声的功率p3与p4，则计算输入信号与输出信号的信噪比Xz1与Xz2具体如下：Connect the input port of the spectrum analyzer to the receiving port or transmitting port of the vehicle antenna; set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer, including the center frequency, bandwidth, resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth, etc., to ensure that the parameter settings are suitable for evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio; select the spectrum area representing the signal from the two sets of spectrum graphs generated according to the bandwidth of the signal; select the area without signal in the spectrum graph as the noise reference; within the selected signal bandwidth, by measuring the area of the energy area occupied by the signal in the two sets of spectrum graphs, respectively obtain the power p1 and p2 of the input or output signal; within the selected noise bandwidth, by measuring the area of the energy area occupied by the signal in the two sets of spectrum graphs, respectively obtain the power p3 and p4 of the noise, then calculate the signal-to-noise ratio Xz1 and Xz2 of the input signal and the output signal as follows:
分别设置输入信号与输出信号的信噪比相对应的阈值。The thresholds corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratios of the input signal and the output signal are set respectively.
误码率是衡量车载天线接收和发送信号准确性的重要指标。它表示在传输过程中，错误比特数与总比特数的比率，可以评估车载天线在传输数据时的可靠性。如果输入信号的误码率比正常值高，可能存在接收器故障、信号干扰或通信协议问题等；如果输出信号的误码率异常，可能存在发射器故障、信号处理问题或通信协议问题等。The bit error rate is an important indicator to measure the accuracy of the vehicle antenna receiving and sending signals. It indicates the ratio of the number of error bits to the total number of bits during the transmission process, which can evaluate the reliability of the vehicle antenna in transmitting data. If the bit error rate of the input signal is higher than the normal value, there may be a receiver failure, signal interference or communication protocol problems; if the bit error rate of the output signal is abnormal, there may be a transmitter failure, signal processing problems or communication protocol problems.
通过对输入信号与输出信号的传输结果进行分析得到各自对应的误码率Wm1与Wm2；具体为：By analyzing the transmission results of the input signal and the output signal, the corresponding bit error rates Wm 1 and Wm 2 are obtained; specifically:
准备一个已知正确的信号作为参考，称为参考信号；在车载天线的输入端使用信号发生器生成上述准备的参考信号；将参考信号输入车载天线，通过车载天线发送至输出端；在车载天线的输出端设置一个误码率测试设备，用于接收车载天线输出端的信号，并与参考信号进行比较；统计数据接收到的误码数N2；根据总比特数N1，计算输入信号的误码率 Prepare a known correct signal as a reference, called a reference signal; use a signal generator to generate the prepared reference signal at the input end of the vehicle antenna; input the reference signal into the vehicle antenna and send it to the output end through the vehicle antenna; set up a bit error rate test device at the output end of the vehicle antenna to receive the signal at the output end of the vehicle antenna and compare it with the reference signal; count the number of bit errors received N 2 ; calculate the bit error rate of the input signal based on the total number of bits N 1
同理，准备一个已知正确的信号作为参考信号；在车载天线的输出端使用信号发生器生成一个已知的参考信号；将参考信号输入测试设备；在测试设备的输入端设置一个误码率测试设备，用于接收车载天线实际输出的信号，并与参考信号进行比较；统计数据接收到的误码数N4；根据总比特数N3，计算输出信号的误码率 Similarly, prepare a known correct signal as a reference signal; use a signal generator to generate a known reference signal at the output end of the vehicle antenna; input the reference signal into the test equipment; set up a bit error rate test equipment at the input end of the test equipment to receive the actual output signal of the vehicle antenna and compare it with the reference signal; statistically count the number of bit errors received N 4 ; calculate the bit error rate of the output signal based on the total number of bits N 3
分别设置输入信号与输出信号的信噪比、误码率相对应的阈值。The thresholds corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate of the input signal and the output signal are set respectively.
将输入信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2、信噪比Xz1与Xz2、误码率Wm1与Wm2进行无量纲化处理，将各项参数相关联，分别形成输入信号性能指数Sr、输出信号性能指数Sc，具体为：The signal strengths Qd 1 and Qd 2 of the input signal and the output signal, the signal stability index Wd 1 and Wd 2 , the signal-to-noise ratio Xz 1 and Xz 2 , and the bit error rate Wm 1 and Wm 2 are dimensionlessly processed, and the various parameters are associated to form the input signal performance index Sr and the output signal performance index Sc, respectively, as follows:
其中，l1、l2、l3分别为输出信号与输出信号的信号强度Qd1与Qd2、信号稳定指数Wd1与Wd2、信噪比Xz1与Xz2的影响因子，且0<l3<l2<l1，l1+l2+l3＝1.23；Wherein, l 1 , l 2 , l 3 are the influencing factors of the signal strength Qd 1 and Qd 2 of the output signal and the output signal, the signal stability index Wd 1 and Wd 2 , and the signal-to-noise ratio Xz 1 and Xz 2 , respectively, and 0<l 3 <l 2 <l 1 , l 1 +l 2 +l 3 =1.23;
通过测量车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配值，可以评估车载天线与其他设备之间的连接是否正确和稳定。如果阻抗不匹配，可能是由于车载天线出现故障导致的；By measuring the impedance matching value between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic equipment, it is possible to evaluate whether the connection between the vehicle antenna and other devices is correct and stable. If the impedance does not match, it may be caused by a fault in the vehicle antenna;
通过阻抗分析仪测得车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配值Zkz，设置阻抗匹配阈值范围[Zkz1,Zjz2]，则车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配率Zk，具体为：The impedance matching value Zkz between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device is measured by an impedance analyzer, and the impedance matching threshold range [Zkz 1 ,Zjz 2 ] is set. The impedance matching rate Zk between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device is specifically:
其中，Zk0为预设的阻抗匹配率标准值；Wherein, Zk 0 is the preset impedance matching rate standard value;
设置车载电路与车载电子设备之间的阻抗匹配率阈值。Set the impedance matching ratio threshold between the vehicle circuit and the vehicle electronic device.
进一步对输入信号性能指数Sr、输出信号性能指数Sc以及阻抗匹配率Zk进行无量纲化处理，将各项参数相关联，得到无线通信综合指标WXz，具体为：The input signal performance index Sr, the output signal performance index Sc and the impedance matching ratio Zk are further dimensionally processed, and the various parameters are correlated to obtain the comprehensive wireless communication index WXz, which is specifically:
其中，β1为输入信号性能指数Sr以及输出信号性能指数Sc的权重因子，β2为阻抗匹配率Zk的权重因子，C1为常数修正系数，且β1>β2>0，β1+β2＝1.15；无线通信综合指标越低，表示车载天线无线通信功能越有可能发生故障。Wherein, β 1 is the weight factor of the input signal performance index Sr and the output signal performance index Sc, β 2 is the weight factor of the impedance matching rate Zk, C 1 is the constant correction coefficient, and β 1 >β 2 >0, β 1 +β 2 =1.15; the lower the wireless communication comprehensive index is, the more likely the wireless communication function of the vehicle antenna is to fail.
S3、通过GPS测试设备以及GPS接收器对车载天线的卫星导航参数进行数据的采集与处理，卫星导航参数包括定位误差Dw、卫星信号捕获时间Bh、重捕时间Cb以及热启动次数Rqd；对同类型参数的多组数据进行综合数据分析处理，得到检测时间段内各类型参数的实际数据，并将卫星导航相关参数的实际数据结合形成卫星导航综合指标WDz；S3. Collect and process the satellite navigation parameters of the vehicle antenna through GPS test equipment and GPS receiver. The satellite navigation parameters include positioning error Dw, satellite signal capture time Bh, recapture time Cb and number of hot starts Rqd; perform comprehensive data analysis on multiple groups of data of the same type of parameters to obtain the actual data of each type of parameters within the detection time period, and combine the actual data of satellite navigation related parameters to form a satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz;
定位精度是指车载天线接收到的卫星信号位置信息的准确性。定位误差越大，说明卫星信号的质量越差，定位精度越低；通过测量定位精度来判断车载天线是否在卫星导航功能内发生故障。Positioning accuracy refers to the accuracy of the satellite signal location information received by the vehicle antenna. The larger the positioning error, the worse the quality of the satellite signal and the lower the positioning accuracy. By measuring the positioning accuracy, it can be determined whether the vehicle antenna has a fault in the satellite navigation function.
将GPS测试设备与车载天线连接；在车辆静止状态下，记录GPS测试设备显示的定位结果，包括经度、纬度数据；同时，记录车载天线接收到的卫星信号发出的经纬度信息；将GPS测试设备的接收到的经度Jd0与纬度Wd0与车载天线接收到的卫星信号发出的经度Jd1与纬度Wd1进行对比，计算两者之间的定位误差Dw，具体为：Connect the GPS test equipment to the vehicle antenna; when the vehicle is stationary, record the positioning results displayed by the GPS test equipment, including longitude and latitude data; at the same time, record the longitude and longitude information sent by the satellite signal received by the vehicle antenna; compare the longitude Jd 0 and latitude Wd 0 received by the GPS test equipment with the longitude Jd 1 and latitude Wd 1 sent by the satellite signal received by the vehicle antenna, and calculate the positioning error Dw between the two, specifically:
若是要求检测结果更加精确，则可以测量多组数据，分别计算定位误差，将计算出的多个定位误差取均值作为最终的定位误差。If the detection result is required to be more accurate, multiple sets of data can be measured, the positioning errors can be calculated separately, and the average of the calculated multiple positioning errors can be taken as the final positioning error.
捕获时间是指从初始启动到成功捕获到足够强度的卫星信号所需的时间，较长的捕获时间可能意味着车载天线对卫星信号的接收能力较弱；重捕时间是指在信号丢失后重新捕获到卫星信号所需的时间，较长的重捕时间可能表明车载天线对信号丢失后的恢复能力较差，可能存在接收故障或干扰导致的延迟；热启动次数是指在设备初始启动时，成功捕获到卫星信号的次数，较高的热启动次数表示车载天线的性能较好，能够快速有效地锁定卫星信号，如果某段时间内热启动次数过低，则表示车载天线可能存在故障。Capture time refers to the time required from initial startup to successfully capture a satellite signal of sufficient strength. A longer capture time may mean that the vehicle antenna has a weaker ability to receive satellite signals; recapture time refers to the time required to recapture a satellite signal after the signal is lost. A longer recapture time may indicate that the vehicle antenna has a poor ability to recover from signal loss, and there may be delays caused by reception failure or interference; the number of hot starts refers to the number of times a satellite signal is successfully captured when the device is initially started. A higher number of hot starts indicates that the vehicle antenna has better performance and can quickly and effectively lock onto satellite signals. If the number of hot starts is too low within a certain period of time, it indicates that the vehicle antenna may have a fault.
设置一个固定时间段，在该时间段内实时监测车载天线对卫星信号的捕获时间Bh、重捕时间Cb以及热启动次数Rqd，将多个时间段的监测到的车载天线对卫星信号的捕获时间Bh、重捕时间Cb以及热启动次数Rqd取均值作为其实际数据，分别为以及 Set a fixed time period, monitor the vehicle antenna's capture time Bh, recapture time Cb and hot start times Rqd of satellite signals in real time during this time period, and take the average of the vehicle antenna's capture time Bh, recapture time Cb and hot start times Rqd of satellite signals monitored in multiple time periods as the actual data, which are as well as
分别设置定位误差、捕获时间、重捕时间以及热启动次数相对应的阈值。Set the corresponding thresholds for positioning error, capture time, recapture time and number of hot starts respectively.
进一步对定位误差Dw、平均捕获时间平均重捕时间以及平均热启动次数进行无量纲化处理，将各项参数相关联，得到卫星导航综合指标WDz，具体为：Further analysis of the positioning error Dw and average capture time Average recapture time and the average number of hot starts By performing dimensionless processing and correlating various parameters, the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz is obtained, which is:
其中，γ1为定位误差Dw的权重因子，γ2为平均捕获时间平均重捕时间以及平均热启动次数的综合权重因子，C2为常数修正系数，且γ1>γ2>0，γ1+γ2＝1.33；卫星导航综合指标越高，则表示车载天线卫星导航功能越有可能发生故障。Among them, γ 1 is the weight factor of the positioning error Dw, and γ 2 is the average capture time Average recapture time and the average number of hot starts The comprehensive weight factor of C2 is the constant correction coefficient, and γ1 > γ2 >0, γ1 + γ2 ＝1.33; the higher the satellite navigation comprehensive index is, the more likely the satellite navigation function of the vehicle antenna will fail.
S4、分别设置空气环境综合指标阈值KHz0、无线通信综合指标阈值WXz0以及卫星导航综合指标阈值WDz0，将计算出的空气环境综合指标KHz、无线通信综合指标WXz以及卫星导航综合指标WDz与对应的阈值相比较，判断车载天线发生故障的原因，并提供相应的维修方案。S4. Set the air environment comprehensive index threshold KHz 0 , the wireless communication comprehensive index threshold WXz 0 and the satellite navigation comprehensive index threshold WDz 0 respectively, compare the calculated air environment comprehensive index KHz, the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz and the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz with the corresponding thresholds, determine the cause of the vehicle antenna failure, and provide a corresponding maintenance plan.
当空气环境综合指标KHz大于或等于空气环境综合指标阈值KHz0时，则判断车载天线发生故障是由当前空气环境所导致的，且无需进行后续无线通信与卫星导航功能的检测；通过比较各个环境参数与对应阈值的大小关系，判断环境参数中的哪些参数发生了异常，根据不同环境参数产生的不同后果判断哪些零件受损，并从对应故障检修库中取出相应的维修方案发送给车主；When the air environment comprehensive index KHz is greater than or equal to the air environment comprehensive index threshold KHz 0 , it is determined that the vehicle antenna failure is caused by the current air environment, and there is no need to perform subsequent wireless communication and satellite navigation function detection; by comparing the size relationship between each environmental parameter and the corresponding threshold, it is determined which parameters in the environmental parameters are abnormal, and according to the different consequences of different environmental parameters, it is determined which parts are damaged, and the corresponding maintenance plan is taken out from the corresponding fault inspection library and sent to the owner;
当空气环境综合指标KHz小于空气环境综合指标阈值KHz0时，则说明车载天线发生故障不是由当前空气环境所导致的，则需要进一步判断无线通信与卫星导航功能的检测，具体为：When the air environment comprehensive index KHz is less than the air environment comprehensive index threshold KHz 0 , it means that the vehicle antenna failure is not caused by the current air environment, and further judgment of the wireless communication and satellite navigation function detection is required, specifically:
当无线通信综合指标WXz小于或等于无线通信综合指标阈值WXz0时，则判断车载天线的无线通信功能发生故障，通过比较各个通信参数与对应阈值的大小关系，判断通信参数中的哪些参数发生了异常，并根据异常参数进一步判断输入或输出电路中受损的元件，并从对应故障检修库中取出相应的维修方案发送给车主；When the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz is less than or equal to the wireless communication comprehensive index threshold WXz 0 , it is determined that the wireless communication function of the vehicle antenna fails. By comparing the size relationship between each communication parameter and the corresponding threshold, it is determined which parameters in the communication parameters are abnormal, and the damaged components in the input or output circuit are further determined based on the abnormal parameters, and the corresponding maintenance plan is taken out from the corresponding fault repair library and sent to the car owner;
当卫星导航综合指标WDz大于或等于卫星导航综合指标阈值WDz0时，则判断车载天线的卫星导航功能发生故障，即表示车载天线的卫星接收模块发生了故障，并从对应故障检修库中取出相应的维修方案发送给车主；When the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz is greater than or equal to the satellite navigation comprehensive index threshold WDz 0 , it is determined that the satellite navigation function of the vehicle antenna is faulty, that is, the satellite receiving module of the vehicle antenna is faulty, and the corresponding repair plan is taken out from the corresponding fault repair library and sent to the owner;
当无线通信综合指标WXz大于无线通信综合指标阈值WXz0或者卫星导航综合指标WDz小于卫星导航综合指标阈值WDz0时，则说明车载天线的故障未发生在无线通信与卫星导航功能中，向车主发送外观检测模块，提醒车主检查车载天线的外观是否出现破损或者天线的角度是否出现指向错误来进一步判断车载天线故障的原因。When the wireless communication comprehensive index WXz is greater than the wireless communication comprehensive index threshold WXz 0 or the satellite navigation comprehensive index WDz is less than the satellite navigation comprehensive index threshold WDz 0 , it means that the failure of the vehicle antenna does not occur in the wireless communication and satellite navigation functions, and the appearance detection module is sent to the car owner to remind the car owner to check whether the appearance of the vehicle antenna is damaged or whether the angle of the antenna is pointing incorrectly to further determine the cause of the vehicle antenna failure.
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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