CN117461418A - Wheat equal-depth even sowing machine and working method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a wheat equal-depth uniform sowing machine and a working method thereof, wherein the wheat equal-depth uniform sowing machine comprises a frame, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a sowing mechanism, a uniform soil covering mechanism and a compacting mechanism; the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed guide pipe and a uniform sowing plate, wherein the seed guide pipe is connected between the seed box and the uniform sowing plate, the uniform sowing plate is provided with a splitter plate, and splitter plates in two adjacent layers are staggered; the uniform soil covering mechanism comprises a transition plate, a rotary tillage unit is arranged at the front side of the transition plate, a soil throwing wheel roller is arranged at the rear side of the transition plate, and a soil covering plate is arranged on the soil throwing wheel roller; the uniform sowing plate is arranged below the transition plate; seeds flow from the seed guide pipe to the even sowing plate and are scattered on soil after being guided and dispersed on the flow dividing plate, the rotary tillage unit throws the soil to the transition plate, and the soil throwing wheel roller drives the soil covering plate to rotate so as to pull down the soil on the transition plate and cover the seeds. The wheat equal-depth uniform sowing machine can realize uniform sowing depth and uniform sowing of seeds, individual plant growth of seeds, maximally utilize the resources of growth space and ensure that seedlings are orderly integrally emerged.

Description

A kind of wheat even depth seeding machine and its working method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, specifically a deep and even seeding machine for wheat and other fields and a working method.

Background technique

A seeder is a planting machine that sows crop seeds and is used for sowing a certain type or type of crop. With the continuous development of agricultural production technology, the requirements for agricultural machinery have gradually increased, especially in terms of sowing. Agricultural machinery often needs to achieve precision sowing according to agronomic requirements to ensure sowing quality and grain yield. In current actual production, the main sowing method is drill sowing. In drill sowing, the ground is leveled before sowing, and a furrow is made. The furrow is about 1-2cm deep, and then the wheat seeds are spread into the furrow and covered with soil to flatten the ground. However, the seeding arrangement of existing seeders on the market is difficult to control, especially for seeds with smaller grains such as wheat. The seeds flow out from the outlet in a concentrated manner, and then the seeds sown into the soil are concentrated, resulting in no plant spacing and uneven grain distribution. Intense competition among individuals and weak root systems affect the early growth of wheat. At the same time, seeds falling on the bottom of the ditch or ditch bed lead to inconsistent seed burial depths, resulting in uneven emergence of seedlings.

The uniform sowing technology is based on the growth and development characteristics of crops, giving full play to the coordination mechanism of uniform and robust individual crops and sufficient and reasonable groups to achieve high yield and efficiency of crops, and has been promoted and applied. Crops sown evenly are evenly distributed, allowing individual plants to grow individually, making full use of light energy and space, creating conditions for balanced nutrition of individual plants. In the seedling stage, individual nutritional competition is small, and individual plants develop robustly, which is conducive to dominant tillers. The formation and development of the dominant tillers can give full play to the yield formation potential of the dominant tillers, thereby achieving an increase in crop yields. At present, some even seeding machines have appeared in China, but most of them use dense row drilling technology, which is not even seeding in the strict sense. For crops sown in dense rows, the difference between the front and rear plant spacing and the left and right plant spacing is still large, which does not fully reflect the advantages of even sowing technology. At the same time, the sowing depth of crops sown in dense rows is still inconsistent, resulting in different growth rates of crops and uneven emergence of seedlings, which is not conducive to increasing crop yields.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a wheat equal depth and even sowing machine, which can achieve equal depth and precise even sowing of wheat seeds, ensure consistent seed sowing depth and uniform sowing, and can make the seed distribution more uniform. , realize the growth of individual wheat plants and increase wheat production and income.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A deep leveling machine for wheat, etc., including a frame, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a seeding mechanism, a uniform soil covering mechanism and a suppression mechanism. The front end of the frame is provided with a tractor to connect the tractor, the fertilization mechanism, and the rotary tillage unit. , the seeding mechanism, the even soil covering mechanism and the suppression mechanism are set on the frame, the fertilizing mechanism is located behind the traction frame, the rotary tillage unit is located behind the fertilization mechanism, the seeding mechanism is located behind the rotary tillage unit, the even soil covering mechanism is located behind the seeding mechanism , the suppression mechanism is located behind the even soil covering mechanism; the sowing mechanism includes a seed box, a seed guide tube and an even seeding plate. The seed box is set on the frame. The lower end of the seed box is equipped with a discharge nozzle and an inlet of the guide tube. It is connected with the discharging nozzle, and the upper side of the even sowing plate is connected with the discharging port of the seed guide pipe. The even sowing plate is also evenly provided with several diverting plates. The diverting plates are divided into 1-5 layers, with two adjacent ones. The splitting plates in the layers are staggered; the uniform soil covering mechanism includes a transition plate and a soil throwing wheel roller. The transition plate is provided with a rotary tillage unit on the front side and a soil throwing wheel roller on the rear side. The soil throwing wheel roller is arranged in a circumferential direction. There are 5-8 soil covering plates evenly arranged along the axial direction; the even sowing plate is arranged below the transition plate; the seeds flow from the outlet of the seed guide pipe to the even sowing plate and are guided and dispersed on the diverter plate before being scattered. On the soil layer, the rotary tillage unit throws the soil up to the transition plate, and the soil throwing wheel drives the soil covering plate to rotate to remove the soil on the transition plate and cover it on the seeds.

Preferably, a mounting plate is provided on the upper side of the leveling plate, and the seed guide tube passes through the transition plate and is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The leveling plate is inclined toward the soil throwing wheel roller and bent downward. Fold to form a buffer plate; limit plates are also provided on both sides of the even sowing plate, and the upper part of the limit plate is connected to the installation plate; the diverter plate is bent toward the outlet of the seed guide tube Arc-shaped plate; the diverter plate is provided with two layers, the middle part of the upper diverter plate corresponds one-to-one with the outlet of the seed guide tube, and the two ends of the upper diverter plate correspond to the middle part of the lower diverter plate, and the lower diverter plate corresponds to The number of plates is 2 times the number of upper manifold plates.

By setting the buffer plate, the limit plate and the even sowing plate tilting to the side of the soil throwing wheel roller, it is possible to prevent the seeds from splashing during the falling process, instead of being dispersed by the diverter plate and falling on the ground as expected. , affecting the effect of uniform sowing.

Preferably, the rotary tillage unit includes a rotary tillage shaft, and several sets of rotary tillage knives are provided on the rotary tillage shaft; a leveling portion is provided between the rotary tillage unit and the leveling plate, and the leveling portion The leveling part is installed below the transition plate, and the leveling part is any one or any combination of a leveling roller, a leveling shovel, a rake or a leveling plate.

Preferably, the leveling part is a leveling plate, and the angle between the leveling plate and the land is adjustable; the lower side of the leveling plate is inclined toward the leveling plate, and the bottom of the leveling plate is not higher than the leveling plate. Even the bottom of the plate.

Preferably, the transition plate is an upwardly bulging arc-shaped plate, support rods are provided at the bottoms on both sides of the transition plate, the screed plate is fixedly connected to the support rods, and the even broadcasting plate is arranged on the transition plate. In the middle part below the plate, the soil-throwing wheel roller is located on the rear side of the transition plate, and the soil-covering plate slides over the upper surface of the transition plate when the soil-throwing wheel roller rotates.

Preferably, the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with 6 soil covering plates, the height of the soil covering plates is 2-6cm; the inclination angle of the equalizing plate is 45°-75°; the length of the diverter plate is 3-6cm, the distance between the adjacent diverter plates on the side close to the land is 3-6cm.

Preferably, the fertilizing mechanism includes a fertilizer box, a guide tube and an even sowing baffle. The fertilizer box is arranged on the frame. The lower end of the fertilizer box is connected to the guide tube. One side of the even sowing baffle is connected to the guide tube. The fertilizer outlet is connected and the other side is bent below the fertilizer outlet of the guide tube and slopes downward. The even sowing baffle is fixed on the frame and is arranged in front of the rotary tillage unit; the suppression mechanism includes a suppression roller , the suppression roller is installed at the rear of the seeder through the mounting plate, and the suppression roller is rollingly installed on the mounting plate. The mounting plate is also provided with a scraping plate in the same circumferential direction as the suppression roller, and the scraping plate is arranged on the suppression roller. above.

Preferably, the frame is also provided with a power part, the input end of the power part is connected to the tractor, the rotary tillage shaft is rotatably connected below the power part, and the power part drives the rotary tillage unit to rotate. ; One end of the power part is provided with a transmission wheel, and the end of the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with a driven wheel, and the driven wheel is connected to the transmission wheel through a belt; the rotary tillage unit and the soil throwing wheel roller The rotational speed is matched to the speed of the tractor.

By matching the rotation speed of the rotary tillage unit and soil throwing wheel with the speed of the tractor, it can be ensured that there is always enough soil on the transition plate, and at the same time, the soil will not be blocked due to excessive accumulation and the operation will not be smooth.

Preferably, the seed box is also provided with a uniform sowing component. The uniform sowing component is installed inside the seed box at the connection position with the seed guide pipe. The rotation speed of the uniform sowing component cooperates with the forward speed of the tractor so that The distance between plants is between 2-5cm; the fertilizer box is provided with an anti-clogging component, and the anti-clogging component is installed at the connection position between the inside of the fertilizer box and the guide pipe; it also includes a shell, and the shell covers On the outside of the planter.

By setting up a uniform sowing component and an anti-clogging component, the uniform sowing component and the anti-clogging component cooperate with the sowing speed and the traveling speed of the tractor through the power conversion of the power unit to control the falling speed of seeds and fertilizers and avoid accidents caused by seeds falling too fast. Concentrated sowing caused by the inability of seeds to disperse affects the effect of even sowing, as well as the burning problem caused by excessive fertilization caused by fertilizer falling too fast. At the same time, it avoids the feeding of seeds or fertilizers concentrated in the seed guide or guide tube during the falling process. The problem of lack of seedlings and lack of fertilizer caused by the mouth but not falling.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a working method for deep and even sowing of wheat, which can realize the growth of individual wheat plants, maximize the use of resources in the wheat growth space such as light, hot water, and fertilizer, so that the overall wheat seedlings can emerge neatly. Build good wheat population quality.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A working method of a wheat and other deep leveling machine, including the following steps:

Step 1: After connecting the leveler to the tractor, pour the seeds into the seed box and pour the fertilizer into the fertilizer box;

Step 2: Fertilize the cultivated land. The fertilizer in the fertilizer box falls on the even sowing baffle through the guide tube. Then the fertilizer evenly falls on the land along the even sowing baffle. The rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage and loosening of the land. The depth of rotary tillage is It is required to be 18-28cm, so that the land after rotary tillage is loosened and solid. At the same time, the soil brought up by the rotary tillage unit rotates with the rotary tillage blade and is thrown to the transition plate;

Step 3: Leveling. Use the leveling plate to level the land after rotary tillage, and break or remove large soil clods so that the land is not uneven;

Step 4: Evenly sowing. The seeds in the seed box are guided by the seed guide tube and fall on the evenly sowing plate. The concentrated falling seeds disperse into independent seed individuals and fall on the soil after passing through the guide plate on the evenly sowing plate. is 3-6cm;

Step 5: Cover the soil. The soil-throwing wheel drives the covering plate to rotate. Evenly remove the soil on the transition plate and cover it on the ground. Cover and bury the evenly sown seeds. Set the covering depth to 3-5cm;

Step 6: Suppression, the suppression roller rotates as the tractor moves forward, and then suppresses the land that has been covered with soil, so that it can be mulched and pressed along with sowing, and the intensity and quality of the suppression are guaranteed.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. By providing an even sowing plate at the outlet of the seed guide tube, the seeds are guided and dispersed on the even sowing plate during the falling process, and the concentrated falling seeds are dispersed into independent individual seeds, and then the individual seeds are evenly sown on the On the land, individual seeds can be grown, and the ventilation and light transmission effect of the field can be improved for the subsequent growth of wheat, so that the wheat can make full use of light energy and space, and effectively sow the wheat seeds evenly, which can save seeds. The dosage can also be more beneficial to the growth and development of wheat.

2. The seeds fall on the ground from both sides of the diverter plate, so that the lateral distance between the wheat is determined by setting the length of the diverter plate and the distance between adjacent diverter plates; by cooperating with the tractor to move forward, the seeds can be pulled apart The vertical distance between plants, that is, the distance between plants, controls the distance between individual wheat plants in a more reasonable and scientific manner, fully improves the utilization rate of wheat seeds on land, water, fertilizer and other resources, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings and achieves high yield and efficiency. Purpose.

3. The soil covering component allows the soil to be screened indirectly on the transition plate, preventing larger volumes of soil from participating in the covering soil layer. At the same time, the soil layer on the transition plate is moved by the covering soil plate on the soil throwing wheel roller, making the thickness more uniform. , and can control the amount of soil removed to achieve even throwing coverage to ensure the depth of the soil layer, so that the seeds are buried in the soil layer at the same depth, which is conducive to more uniform growth of the seed population and high uniformity of seedling emergence.

4. The seeder of the present invention also includes a compound operation function of a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a screed and a pressing roller. The fertilizing mechanism is equipped with a uniform baffle, and the fertilizer coming out of the guide tube can be more evenly distributed after it hits the uniform baffle. The fertilizer is scattered on the land, and then the rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage to mix the fertilizer with the soil more evenly. Then the leveling plate leveling the soil, achieving uniform tillage and land preparation. Fertilization, rotary tillage, and leveling can be completed in one go. It has five processes of seeding, seeding and suppression, reducing the number of times the tractor enters the ground, saving costs and improving seeding efficiency.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the even broadcast plate of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the soil throwing wheel roller of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic side view of the structure of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of another structural state of the present invention.

In the picture, 1 rack; 2 fertilizer box; 3 even seeding plate; 31 installation plate; 32 buffer plate; 33 limit plate; 4 seed guide pipe; 5 diverter plate; 6 transition plate; 61 support rod; 7 soil throwing wheel roller; 8 covering board; 9 rotary tillage unit; 91 rotary tillage shaft; 92 rotary tillage knife; 10 anti-blocking component; 11 screed; 12 driven wheel; 13 belt; 14 transmission wheel; 15 suppression roller; 151 mounting bracket; 16 Scraping plate; 17 even seeding assembly; 18 power part; 19 tractor frame; 20 housing; 21 guide tube; 22 even seeding baffle.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a wheat leveling machine includes a frame 1, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit 9, a seeding mechanism, a uniform soil covering mechanism and a suppressing mechanism. The front end of the frame 1 is provided with a traction frame 19. Connected to the tractor, the fertilizing mechanism, rotary tillage unit 9, seeding mechanism, uniform soil covering mechanism and suppression mechanism are arranged on the frame 1, the fertilizing mechanism is located behind the tractor 19, the rotary tillage unit 9 is located behind the fertilizing mechanism, and the seeding mechanism is located Behind the rotary tillage unit 9, the even soil covering mechanism is located behind the seeding mechanism, and the suppression mechanism is located behind the even soil covering mechanism; the seeding mechanism includes a seed box, a seed guide tube 4 and an even seeding plate 3. The seed box is set on the frame 1. The lower end of the seed box is provided with a discharge nozzle. The feed opening of the guide tube 4 is connected with the discharge mouth. The manifold plates 5 are divided into 1-5 layers, and the manifold plates 5 in two adjacent layers are staggered. The even soil covering mechanism includes a transition plate 6 and a soil throwing wheel roller 7. A rotary tillage unit 9 is provided on the front side of the transition plate 6 and a soil throwing wheel roller 7 is provided on the rear side of the transition plate 6. The rotary tillage unit 9 performs rotary tillage operations on the land and simultaneously moves the soil It is thrown on the upper surface of the transition plate 6, and the soil throwing wheel roller 7 is evenly provided with 5-8 soil covering plates 8 along its axis direction; the even sowing plate 3 is arranged below the transition plate 6, and the rotary tillage unit 9 will The soil is thrown up to the transition plate 6. At the same time, the seeds in the seed box flow out from the outlet of the seed guide tube 4 and fall on the even sowing plate 3. They are blocked and diverted by the multi-layer staggered diverter plates 5 on the even sowing plate 3. Finally, the concentrated falling seeds are dispersed into individual individuals and evenly scattered on the soil layer to achieve uniform sowing of seeds. The soil covering plate 8 rotates with the soil throwing wheel roller 7 and draws across the upper surface of the transition plate 6, and the transition plate 6 is The soil is stirred down and covered on the land after sowing. During the stirring process of the soil on the transition plate 6 by the soil covering plate 8, the amount of falling soil can be controlled at the same time, thereby ensuring the thickness of the soil covering layer.

In a preferred case, a mounting plate 31 is provided on the upper side of the leveling plate 3. The seed guide tube 4 passes through the transition plate 6 and is connected to the mounting plate 31. The leveling plate 3 is inclined toward the soil throwing wheel roller 7 and bent downward. A buffer plate 32 is formed. The inclination angle of the even sowing plate 3 is 45°-75°, and the preferred inclination angle is 60°. When the seeds fall on the even sowing plate 3 and move downward, the inclined even sowing plate 3 slows down the movement of the seeds. The falling speed provides enough time for the seeds to disperse into independent individuals. The buffer plate 32 further slows down the falling speed of the dispersed seeds, preventing the seeds from popping up along the even sowing plate at intervals, ensuring a uniform state of natural seed scattering; the even sowing plate 3 There are also limit plates 33 on both sides, and the upper part of the limit plate 33 is connected to the installation plate 31; the even sowing plate is enclosed in a dustpan shape to prevent the seeds from splashing around, so that the seeds can only move on the even sowing plate to ensure sowing. uniformity. The manifold plate 5 is an arc-shaped plate bent toward the outlet of the seed pipe 4, so that the seeds can be separated to both sides after falling on the manifold plate 5; the length of the manifold plate 5 is 3-6cm, because the seeds pass through the manifold plate 5 The two ends of the splitter are dropped, so that the distance between the seeds dropped from both sides of the diverter plate is 3-6cm, and the distance between the adjacent diverter plates 5 close to the land side is 3-6cm, that is The distance between the seeds dropped simultaneously from the two adjacent ends of the two diverter plates 5 is 3-6cm, thereby ensuring the lateral spacing of the seeds, that is, the distance between the plants is 3-6cm. In this embodiment, the splitter plate 5 is provided with two layers. The middle part of the upper splitter plate 5 corresponds to the outlet of the seed guide tube 4 one-to-one, so that the seeds begin to disperse the moment they fall, and the upper splitter plate 5 Both ends correspond to the middle of the lower manifold plate 5 respectively. The number of the lower manifold plates 5 is twice the number of the upper manifold plates 5. That is, the seeds dropped in each seed guide 4 can be sown in 4 rows at the same time, indirectly. This ensures that the seeds can be sown more evenly. Furthermore, the seed box is also provided with a uniform seeding component 17. The uniform seeding component 17 is installed inside the seed box at the connection position between the seed guide 4 pipes. The uniform seeding component 17 can control the number of seeds produced in the seed box while also avoiding The seeds are concentrated at the inlet position of the seed guide tube 4, causing blockage and preventing smooth seeding. The uniform sowing assembly 17 is connected to the power part 18 on the frame 1. The relationship between the rotational speed of the even sowing assembly 17 and the forward speed of the tractor directly affects the longitudinal distance between the seeds dropped before and after, that is, between individual seeds. Therefore, by adjusting the ratio of the power transmission structure in the power part 18, the rotation speed of the sowing assembly 17 and the forward speed of the tractor are evenly matched, so that the distance between the plants is between 3-6cm.

In a preferred case, the transition plate 6 is an upwardly bulging arc-shaped plate, and the even seeding plate 3 is arranged in the middle below the transition plate 6 to facilitate the rotary tillage unit 9 to throw the soil onto the transition plate 6, and the seed guide tube 4 indirectly It has a screening effect on the soil on the transition plate 6 to prevent large-volume soil blocks from participating in subsequent covering soil and affecting the thickness and uniformity of the covering soil. At the same time, larger soil blocks can be easily dropped from the transition plate 6; support rods 61 are provided at the bottoms of both sides of the transition plate 6 to support the strength of the transition plate 6. There is a leveling part between the rotary tillage unit 9 and the leveling plate 3. The leveling part is installed below the transition plate 6. The leveling part is any one of a leveling roller, a leveling shovel, a rake or a leveling plate. or any combination. In this embodiment, the leveling part is a leveling plate 6, and the lower side of the leveling plate 6 is inclined toward the leveling plate 3, which can play a buffering role during the process of leveling the land. The screed plate 11 is fixedly connected to the support rod 61. At the same time, the inclination angle of the screed plate 6 can be adjusted. According to the softness and hardness of the soil and the depth of rotary tillage, the angle of the screed plate 11 can be adjusted to ensure a better leveling effect. . The bottom of the leveling plate 11 is not higher than the bottom of the leveling plate 3 to prevent the leveling plate 3 from affecting the leveling effect of the leveling plate 11.

In a preferred case, the soil throwing wheel roller 7 is located on the rear side of the transition plate 6 and the soil covering plate 8 can slide from the upper surface of the transition plate 6 when rotating with the soil throwing wheel roller 7, thereby moving the soil on the transition plate 6. Come down and cover the seeds. Further, six soil-covering plates 8 are provided on the soil-throwing wheel roller 7 to ensure that each soil-covering plate 8 can remove enough soil; the height of the soil-covering plate 8 is 2-6cm, which is the thickness of the soil, so that it can Ensure that the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5m.

In a preferred case, the frame 1 is also provided with a power part 18. The input end of the power part 18 is connected to the power output end of the tractor. The rotary tillage unit 9 is arranged below the power part 18. The rotary tillage unit 9 includes a rotary tiller. The tillage shaft 91 is provided with several sets of rotary tillage blades 92 on the rotary tillage shaft 91. The rotary tillage shaft 91 is rotatably connected below the power part 18, and the power part 18 drives the rotary tillage shaft 91 to rotate to perform rotary tillage on the land; the power part 18 One end is provided with a transmission wheel 14, and the end of the soil throwing wheel roller 7 is provided with a driven wheel 12. The driven wheel 12 is connected to the transmission wheel 14 through a belt 13, and the power part 18 drives the soil throwing wheel roller 7 to rotate through the transmission wheel 14; The rotational speeds of the rotary tillage unit 9 and the soil throwing wheel roller 7 are coordinated with the traveling speed of the tractor to further ensure the effect of equal depth soil covering.

In another preferred case, the suppression mechanism includes a suppression roller 15. The suppression roller 15 is installed at the rear of the seeder through a mounting plate 151. The suppression roller 15 is rollingly installed on the mounting plate 151 to suppress the covering soil of the soil throwing wheel roller 17. Furthermore, the mounting plate 151 is also provided with a scraping plate 16 in the same axial direction as the compacting roller 15. The scraping plate 16 is arranged above the compacting roller 15. The scraping plate 16 scrapes the sticky soil on the compacting roller 15. down to prevent too much soil from adhering to the surface of the pressing roller 15 and affecting the effect of the pressing.

The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box 2, a guide tube 21 and an even sowing baffle 22. The fertilizer box 2 is arranged on the frame 1. The lower end of the fertilizer box 2 is connected to the guide tube 21. One side of the even sow baffle 22 is connected to the guide tube. The fertilizer outlet of 21 is connected and the other side is bent to the bottom of the fertilizer outlet of guide tube 21 and tilts downward. The even sowing baffle 22 is fixed on the frame 1 and is arranged in front of the rotary tillage unit 9. The fertilizer box 2 The fertilizer in the fertilizer flows out through the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe 21, and then impacts on the even broadcast baffle 22. It is further impacted and dispersed on the even broadcast baffle 22 and then slides down to the ground along the inclined downward even broadcast baffle 22. It can be spread more evenly on the land, and then the rotary tillage unit 9 performs rotary tillage on the land spread with fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is fully mixed in the land and the fertilizer effect is better exerted. Furthermore, the fertilizer tank 2 is provided with an anti-blocking component 10. The anti-blocking component 10 is installed at the connection position between the inside of the fertilizer tank 2 and the guide pipe 21 to prevent fertilizer from being crowded and blocked at the entrance of the guide pipe and unable to flow smoothly from the guide pipe. tube outflow. In this embodiment, the seeder further includes a casing 20. The casing 20 covers the outside of the seeder to protect the structure of the seeder.

A working method of a wheat and other deep leveling machine, specifically including the following steps:

Step 1: After connecting the leveler to the tractor, pour the seeds into the seed box and pour the fertilizer into the fertilizer box;

Step 2: Fertilize the cultivated land. The fertilizer in the fertilizer box falls on the even sowing baffle through the guide tube. Then the fertilizer evenly falls on the land along the even sowing baffle. The rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage and loosening of the land. The depth of rotary tillage is It is required to be 12-18cm, so that the soil after rotary tillage is loosened and solid. At the same time, the soil brought up by the rotary tillage unit rotates with the rotary tillage blade and is thrown to the transition plate;

Step 3: Leveling. Use the leveling plate to level the land after rotary tillage, and break or remove large soil clods so that the land is not uneven;

Step 4: Even sowing. The seeds in the seed box are guided by the seed guide tube and fall on the even sowing plate. The concentrated falling seeds disperse into independent seed individuals and fall on the soil after passing through the guide plate on the even sowing plate. is 3-6cm;

Step 5: Cover the soil. The soil-throwing wheel drives the covering plate to rotate. Evenly remove the soil on the transition plate and cover it on the ground. Cover and bury the evenly sown seeds. Set the covering depth to 3-5cm;

Step 6: Suppression, the suppression roller rotates as the tractor moves forward, and then suppresses the land that has been covered with soil, so that it can be mulched and pressed along with sowing, and the intensity and quality of the suppression are guaranteed.

Based on the above concept, the present invention provides a working method of a deep leveling machine for wheat. In a specific application scenario, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box falls on the uniform baffle through the guide tube, and the uniform baffle blocks the impact. The fertilized land is further dispersed, forming a sprinkling effect and falling on the land. Afterwards, the rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage on the fertilized land. The soil brought out by the rotary tiller blade is thrown to the transition plate with the rotation of the rotary tiller blade, and the leveling plate behind it is The land after rotary tillage is scraped so that the seeds are on the same level; the seeds in the seed box fall on the guide line of the seed guide tube and fall on the first layer of the distribution plate on the even sowing plate. The arc-shaped distribution plate Randomly shunt the seeds on both sides, and then the shunted seeds will fall on the second layer of the manifold. The second layer of the manifold will continue to shunt the seeds on both sides and then fall to the ground. At this time, the seeds falling in the seed tube The seeds can be dispersed into independent seed individuals and fall on the land. Set the length of the diverter plate and the spacing between adjacent diverter plates to 4-5cm, and match the traveling speed of the tractor to keep the longitudinal spacing between seeds at 4-5cm. Between 3-6cm; realize the growth space of individual wheat plants, and maximize the use of light, hot water, fertilizer and other wheat growth resources; the earth-throwing wheel drives the earth-covering board to rotate, and the earth-covering board is drawn across the surface of the transition plate, The soil on the transition plate is evenly removed and covered on the seeds to ensure the consistency of the soil covering depth. It is best to set the soil covering depth to 3-5cm, and then the compaction roller on the rear side of the seeder suppresses the soil. Make the seeds at the same depth and ensure that the seeds germinate and emerge at the same time, so that the overall wheat seedlings emerge neatly and build good wheat population quality.

This embodiment only illustrates the concept and implementation of the present invention, and does not limit it. Under the concept of the present invention, technical solutions without substantial transformation are still within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. The wheat equal-depth even seeder is characterized by comprising a frame, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage unit, a seeding mechanism, an even earthing mechanism and a pressing mechanism, wherein the front end of the frame is provided with a traction frame for connecting a tractor; the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed guide pipe and a uniform sowing plate, wherein the seed box is arranged on the frame, the lower end of the seed box is provided with a discharge nozzle, the feed inlet of the guide pipe is communicated with the discharge nozzle, the upper side of the uniform sowing plate is connected with the discharge outlet of the seed guide pipe, a plurality of splitter plates are uniformly arranged on the uniform sowing plate, the splitter plates are divided into 1-5 layers, and splitter plates in two adjacent layers are staggered; the uniform earthing mechanism comprises a transition plate and an earth throwing wheel roller, wherein a rotary tillage unit is arranged on the front side of the transition plate, the earth throwing wheel roller is arranged on the rear side of the transition plate, and 5-8 earthing plates along the axial direction are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the earth throwing wheel roller; the uniform sowing plate is arranged below the transition plate; seeds flow to the even sowing plate from the discharge hole of the seed guide pipe and are scattered on the soil layer after being guided and dispersed on the flow dividing plate, the rotary tillage unit throws the soil onto the transition plate, and the soil throwing wheel roller drives the soil covering plate to rotate so as to pull the soil on the transition plate down and cover the seeds.

2. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mounting plate is arranged on the upper side of the seed guide pipe, the seed guide pipe penetrates through the transition plate and is fixedly connected with the mounting plate, and the seed guide pipe is inclined towards one side of the soil throwing wheel roller and is bent downwards to form a buffer plate; limiting plates are arranged on two sides of the uniform sowing plate, and the upper parts of the limiting plates are connected with the mounting plate; the splitter plate is an arc-shaped plate bent towards the discharge hole of the seed guide pipe; the splitter plate is provided with two layers, the middle part of the upper splitter plate corresponds to the discharge holes of the seed guide pipes one by one, the two ends of the upper splitter plate correspond to the middle parts of the lower splitter plates respectively, and the number of the lower splitter plates is 2 times that of the upper splitter plates.

3. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rotary tillage unit comprises a rotary tillage shaft, and a plurality of groups of rotary tillage blades are arranged on the rotary tillage shaft; the rotary cultivator unit with be equipped with the leveling portion between the even board that broadcast, the leveling portion is installed the below of cab apron, the leveling position is any one or any combination in leveling roller, leveling shovel, ploughing harrow or the leveling board.

4. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 3, wherein the leveling part is a leveling plate, and an included angle between the leveling plate and the land is adjustable; the lower side of the flattening plate is inclined to the even sowing plate, and the bottom of the flattening plate is not higher than the bottom of the even sowing plate.

5. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the transition plate is an upwardly-raised arc plate, support rods are respectively arranged at bottoms of two sides of the transition plate, the screeding plate is fixedly connected to the support rods, the seed-leveling plate is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the transition plate, the soil throwing wheel roller is positioned at the rear side of the transition plate, and the soil covering plate slides over the upper surface of the transition plate when rotating along with the soil throwing wheel roller.

6. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 5, wherein the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with 6 soil covering plates, and the height of the soil covering plates is 2-6cm; the inclination angle of the uniform sowing plate is 45-75 degrees; the length of the flow dividing plate is 3-6cm, and the distance between the adjacent flow dividing plates near one side of the land is 3-6cm.

7. The equal-depth wheat seeder as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, a guide pipe and a seeding baffle plate, the fertilizer box is arranged on the frame, the lower end of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe, one side of the seeding baffle plate is connected with the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe, the other side of the seeding baffle plate is bent below the fertilizer outlet of the guide pipe and is inclined downwards, and the seeding baffle plate is fixed on the frame and is arranged in front of the rotary tillage unit; the pressing mechanism comprises a pressing roller, the pressing roller is arranged at the rear of the seeder through a mounting plate, the pressing roller is arranged on the mounting plate in a rolling mode, scraping plates which are identical to the pressing roller in axial direction are further arranged on the mounting plate, and the scraping plates are arranged above the pressing roller.

8. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 7, wherein the frame is further provided with a power part, the input end of the power part is connected to the tractor, the rotary tillage shaft is rotatably connected below the power part, and the power part drives the rotary tillage unit to rotate; one end of the power part is provided with a driving wheel, the end part of the soil throwing wheel roller is provided with a driven wheel, and the driven wheel is connected to the driving wheel through a belt; the rotary cultivator set and the rotation speed of the soil throwing wheel roller are matched with the speed of the tractor.

9. The wheat equal-depth seeder as claimed in claim 8, wherein a uniform seeding component is further arranged in the seed box, the uniform seeding component is arranged at the position of the connection between the interior of the seed box and the seed guide pipe, and the rotating speed of the uniform seeding component is matched with the advancing speed of the tractor so that the plant spacing is between 3 cm and 6cm; an anti-blocking component is arranged in the fertilizer box and is arranged at a position where the inside of the fertilizer box is connected with the guide pipe; the seeder also comprises a shell, wherein the shell covers the outer side of the seeder.

10. The method of operating a wheat equal depth seeder as claimed in claim 9, comprising the steps of:

step 1: after the even sowing machine is connected with the tractor, pouring seeds into a seed box, and pouring fertilizer into a fertilizer box;

step 2: fertilizing and tilling, wherein fertilizer in a fertilizer box falls on a uniformly sowing baffle plate through a guide pipe, then the fertilizer uniformly falls on the soil along the uniformly sowing baffle plate, a rotary tillage unit performs rotary tillage and scarification on the soil, the depth of rotary tillage is required to be 12-18cm, the soil after rotary tillage is loosened and compacted, and meanwhile, the soil brought up by the rotary tillage unit rotates along with rotary tillage blades and is thrown to a transition plate;

step 3: leveling, namely, the leveling plate is used for leveling the soil after rotary tillage, and crushing or removing large soil blocks to enable the soil to be free of uneven states;

step 4: uniformly sowing, wherein seeds in the seed box fall on a uniformly sowing plate through the guidance of a seed guide pipe, and the intensively fallen seeds are dispersed into independent seed units after passing through a guide plate on the uniformly sowing plate, and fall on the land with the plant spacing of 3-6cm;

step 5: the soil is covered, the soil throwing wheel roller drives the soil covering plate to rotate, the soil on the transition plate is evenly pulled down and covered on the ground to cover and bury the evenly sown seeds, and the soil covering depth is set to be 3-5cm;

step 6: the compacting roller moves forward along with the tractor and rotates, so that the land covered with soil is compacted, the compaction is carried out along with the sowing and the covering, and the compacting force and the compacting quality are ensured.