CN117458159A - High-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on PIN tube - Google Patents
High-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on PIN tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN117458159A CN117458159A CN202311566917.3A CN202311566917A CN117458159A CN 117458159 A CN117458159 A CN 117458159A CN 202311566917 A CN202311566917 A CN 202311566917A CN 117458159 A CN117458159 A CN 117458159A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface based on a PIN tube, which comprises three layers which are cascaded together, wherein the first layer is a back metal functional layer, the second layer is a dielectric substrate, and the third layer is a front metal functional layer; the back metal functional layer realizes the shielding effect of Y-direction polarization, and the electric control switch is integrated on the front metal functional layer, and simultaneously realizes the bandpass frequency selection characteristic of the X wave band, X-direction polarization screening and controllable polarization screening. The invention has the frequency selective characteristic of bandpass, loads a metal functional layer on the surface of an ultrathin medium, can control different polarization working modes through an electric control switch, and realizes higher switching ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and microwaves, in particular to a high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on a PIN tube.
Background
The characteristics of the target electromagnetic signal include amplitude, phase and polarization, and modulation of polarization characteristics is increasingly used in array antennas, radomes and stealth technologies. Polarization screening characteristics refer to the reflection of a linearly polarized incoming wave by a frequency selective surface while passing a cross polarized incoming wave. The frequency selective surface is used as a spatial filter, the transmission response of the spatial filter is a function of the frequency, the incidence angle and the polarization mode of the incident electromagnetic wave, the band-pass and band-stop selective characteristics of the frequency selective surface are researched more in the industry, and the FSS polarization screening characteristics are researched less frequently.
With the maturation of FSS analysis technology in the early 90 s, the development of electronically controlled FSS is getting hot. Because the electric control FSS has controllability, the flexibility of FSS use is increased, and the FSS can be used for electromagnetic compatibility design and electronic warfare systems, and becomes a hot spot problem in recent researches. An Active Frequency Selective Surface (AFSS) is used for obtaining a spatial filter with adjustable frequency selective characteristics by loading active devices (such as PIN diodes and varactors) or adjustable materials, and becomes an active frequency selective surface or an active grid array, so that the frequency conversion or switching function of a central frequency point can be realized.
The existing polarized screening and active controllable frequency selection surface is usually aimed at a single application scene, and frequency selection, polarized screening and active controllable are combined according to complexity improvement and multifunctional requirements of an electromagnetic platform, so that the frequency selection and polarized screening can be controlled in a switch, and more variable electromagnetic engineering requirements can be met.
Investigation of the disclosed research results shows that the research results of polarization screening FSS based on the active controllable switch are fewer, and the existing research results have the problems that the main polarization and cross polarization shielding effect is poor in the on state of the switch, the main polarization reflection inhibition degree is insufficient, the switching ratio is insufficient and the like, and the improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing technical problems, the invention provides a high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on a PIN tube.
The invention comprises the following specific contents: the high-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface based on the PIN tube comprises three layers which are cascaded together, wherein the first layer is a back metal functional layer, the second layer is a dielectric substrate, and the third layer is a front metal functional layer; the back metal functional layer realizes the shielding effect of Y-direction polarization, and the electric control switch is integrated on the front metal functional layer, and simultaneously realizes the bandpass frequency selection characteristic of the X wave band, X-direction polarization screening and controllable polarization screening.
Further, the frequency selective surface comprises a plurality of square units with the period of 4.6mm, the thickness of the back metal functional layer is 0.017mm, 8 metal grids-gaps are contained in one unit, the width of each metal grid is 0.3mm, the X-direction intervals are arranged periodically at intervals of 0.275mm, and the metal grids penetrate along the Y direction.
Further, the dielectric substrate had a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a thickness of 0.1mm.
Further, the thickness of the front metal functional layer is 0.017mm, the width of the rectangular patch is 0.92mm, the length of the rectangular patch is 3.8mm, the width of the winding grid is 0.4mm, a switch gap is formed in the center of the unit, the gap width is 0.2mm, the PIN diode is lapped on bonding pads at two ends of the gap through surface-mount welding, the equivalent width of a feeder network circuit for feeding is 0.3mm, and the size of the PIN diode is consistent with that of the first layer of polarizing grid.
Further, the gap width and annular patch width meet the gap and thickness of a particular diode package patch.
Furthermore, the diode mounting and feeding network adopts a column feeding mode, PIN diodes of units on the Y-direction column are in the same mounting direction, the mounting direction of the PIN diodes along the X-direction is in periodical inversion, and the feeder network is distributed in the X-direction to show source-ground-source-ground periodicity.
Further, the MA4FCP305 diode is selected, the reverse bias state is equivalent to a capacitance of 0.05pf, and the forward bias state is equivalent to a resistance of 2.1 hm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the frequency selective characteristic of bandpass, loads a metal functional layer on the surface of an ultrathin medium, can control different polarization working modes through an electric control switch, and realizes higher switching ratio.
Drawings
The following description of the embodiments of the invention is further defined by reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overview of a high on-off ratio controllable polarization screening FSS base unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a back side metal grid functional layer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric substrate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a front side metal functional layer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of PIN diode arrangement and feed control;
FIG. 6 is a graph of S21 response curve simulation results;
fig. 7 is a simulation result of S21 corresponding curve under a large angle scan.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the PIN-tube-based high-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface of the present invention is specifically as follows:
a basic unit model elevation view of a controllable polarization screening FSS (frequency selective surface) of the present invention is shown in fig. 1. The XOY plane is a square unit with a period of 4.6mm, and the X-axis structure comprises a back metal grid functional layer, a substrate/film layer and a front metal functional layer in the Z-axis direction. Wherein the electric control switch is integrated on the front metal functional layer. In practical application, the number of units needs to be determined according to specific requirements, and the number of units of the FSS is not limited.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first layer of the FSS for controllable polarization screening provided by the present invention, which functions to realize a shielding effect of Y-direction polarization. The thickness of the metal layer is 0.017mm, 8 metal grids-gaps are contained in one unit, the widths wg=0.3 mm of the metal grids are periodically arranged at intervals of 0.275mm in the X direction, and the metal grids penetrate along the Y direction.
Fig. 3 shows a second dielectric film having a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a loss tangent of 0.006.
Fig. 4 is a front metal functional layer of the third layer, which simultaneously realizes the bandpass frequency selection characteristic of the X-band, the polarization screening in the X-direction, and the polarization screening controllable function, and the unit includes a capacitive rectangular patch, an inductive winding switch circuit, and a feeder network. The width of the capacitive rectangular patch is 0.92mm, the length of the capacitive rectangular patch is 3.8mm, the width of the inductive winding is 0.4mm, a switch gap is formed in the center of the unit, the width of the gap is 0.2mm, the PIN diode can be lapped on bonding pads at two ends of the gap through surface-mount welding, the equivalent width of a feeder network circuit for feeding is 0.3mm, and the equivalent width is consistent with the size of the first layer of polarization grid.
It is worth noting that the width gap of the switch and the width wr of the winding patch are required to meet the requirements of the gap and the width of the specific diode packaging patch, and the diode packaging patch is adjusted according to actual use, so that the mounting is convenient.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of PIN diode arrangement and feed control modes for realizing a switch controllable function. The PIN diodes of each column of units in the Y direction are in the same mounting direction, the mounting direction of the PIN diodes in the X direction is periodically reversed, and the distribution of the feeder line network in the X direction also shows the periodicity of … … -source-ground- … …'. The design is beneficial to reducing the complexity of a feed network and reducing the influence on the frequency selection wave transmission characteristic.
Fig. 6 is a performance simulation report of a periodic structure. For PIN diodes, when different bias voltages are applied, the PIN diodes can show different electrical characteristics, and when the devices are not damaged, positive bias voltages are applied, and the diodes are conducted and can be regarded as small resistance states; when negative bias is loaded, the diode is a capacitive device; when there is no bias voltage, it is usually in a high resistance state. The design adopts a MA4FCP305 diode, and in simulation, a capacitor with the equivalent of 0.05pf in the reverse bias state and a resistor with the equivalent of 2.1Ohm in the forward bias state are set.
From simulation results, it can be seen that by loading positive and negative bias voltages, FSS can realize a switch for X-polarized electromagnetic wave transmission around 10GHz, and keep the transmission of Y-polarized electromagnetic wave closed, and the transmission rate of Y-polarized electromagnetic wave is < -38dB. 15dB switch closure can be realized in the range of 8.6 GHz-11.25 GHz, and low-loss transmission (< 0.5 dB) can be realized in the range of 1.2GHz of 9.7 GHz-10.9 GHz.
As shown in fig. 7, as the incident angle increases, the response curve shifts in frequency. For X polarization, at 60, the response curve shifts up, making the 15dB switch smaller than the window, but the 0.5dB low loss window larger. For Y polarization, the angle change does not affect the shutdown function for Y polarized electromagnetic wave transmission.
Compared with the disclosed electric control polarization screening FSS, the design has higher switching ratio of X polarization, higher shielding degree of Y polarization and wider low-loss passband. The power transmission coefficient changes less along with the incident angle, and the unit size is smaller, so that the power transmission coefficient has more advantages in the power resistance, the structural section is low, the weight is light, and the power transmission coefficient can be used for intelligent skin systems and other electronic warfare systems.
The detailed parameters of the PIN diode (model: MA4FCP 305) can be referred to the official data manual, and the design characterizes the diode in a lumped model, and the switching time is 20ns. If strike through occurs, the resistor often becomes a resistor with an indefinite resistance value. Because the devices are in parallel operation, a single small amount of damage does not affect the overall operation.
The design of the high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface has the total thickness of 0.134mm (without PIN tube thickness), has the ultra-thin characteristic, and is applicable to but not limited to low-profile antenna radar system application; a switch capable of realizing X-polarized electromagnetic wave transmission near 10GHz and keeping the Y-polarized electromagnetic wave transmission closed; 15dB of switching ratio can be realized in the range of 2.65GHz of 8.6 GHz-11.25 GHz, and low-loss transmission (< 0.5 dB) can be realized in the range of 1.2GHz of 9.7 GHz-10.9 GHz. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the band-pass frequency selection surface has the working performance of in-band high wave transmittance and out-of-band good inhibition, the design requirement of polarization optimization is met by combining the polarization screening function, and meanwhile, the band-pass frequency selection surface has the switch control function, realizes the free switching among different polarizations, and caters to the development direction of flexible strain of an operational scheme.
In the above description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The foregoing description is only of a preferred embodiment of the invention, which can be practiced in many other ways than as described herein, so that the invention is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed above. While the foregoing disclosure has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on PIN tubes is characterized in that: the structure comprises three layers which are cascaded together, wherein the first layer is a back metal functional layer, the second layer is a medium substrate, and the third layer is a front metal functional layer; the back metal functional layer realizes the shielding effect of Y-direction polarization, and the electric control switch is integrated on the front metal functional layer, and simultaneously realizes the bandpass frequency selection characteristic of the X wave band, X-direction polarization screening and controllable polarization screening.
2. The PIN-tube based high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein: the frequency selective surface comprises a plurality of square units with the period of 4.6mm, the thickness of the back metal functional layer is 0.017mm, 8 metal grids-gaps are contained in one unit, the width of each metal grid is 0.3mm, the X-direction intervals are arranged periodically at intervals of 0.275mm, and the metal grids penetrate along the Y direction.
3. The PIN-tube based high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate had a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a thickness of 0.1mm.
4. The PIN-tube based high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the front metal functional layer is 0.017mm, the width of the rectangular patch is 0.92mm, the length is 3.8mm, the width of the winding grid is 0.4mm, a switch gap is formed in the center of the unit, the gap width is 0.2mm, the PIN diode is lapped on the bonding pads at the two ends of the gap through surface-mount welding, the equivalent width of a feeder network circuit for feeding is 0.3mm, and the size of the feeder network circuit is consistent with that of the first layer of polarization grid.
5. The PIN-tube based high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface of claim 4, wherein: the gap width and annular patch width meet the gap and thickness of a particular diode package patch.
6. The PIN-tube based high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface of claim 4, wherein: the diode mounting and feeding network adopts a column feed mode, PIN diodes of units on the Y-direction column are in the same mounting direction, the mounting direction of the PIN diodes along the X-direction column is in periodic inversion, and the feeder network is distributed in the X-direction column to show source-ground-source-ground periodicity.
7. The PIN-tube based high-switching-ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selective surface of claim 6, wherein: the MA4FCP305 diode is selected, the reverse bias state is equivalent to a capacitor of 0.05pf, and the forward bias state is equivalent to a resistor of 2.1 hm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311566917.3A CN117458159A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | High-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on PIN tube |
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| CN202311566917.3A CN117458159A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | High-on-off ratio controllable polarization screening frequency selection surface based on PIN tube |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118472651A (en) * | 2024-05-27 | 2024-08-09 | 电子科技大学 | High-pass type double-resonance energy selection surface |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118472651A (en) * | 2024-05-27 | 2024-08-09 | 电子科技大学 | High-pass type double-resonance energy selection surface |
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