CN117408091A - Safety risk considered optimization design method and system for electric-hydrogen energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization design method and system for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks. The method adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: establishing an electric-hydrogen energy storage system model; analyzing factors affecting the safety of the electro-hydrogen energy storage system; determining upper layer optimization design parameters and constraint conditions; determining lower-layer optimized scheduling variables and constraint conditions; quantifying the safety risk of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, and taking the running cost and the investment cost of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system into consideration to establish an optimal design model taking the economy and the safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system as optimization targets; and (3) inputting wind-light output, electric heating hydrogen load data and parameters of each device, and solving an optimal design model by using a tabu chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm to obtain a double-layer optimal design scheme of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering the safety risk. The multi-objective optimization design scheme taking the safety and the economy of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system into consideration is obtained, and the safety and the economy of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system are improved.

Description

Optimal design method and system for electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric-hydrogen energy storage system optimization, and in particular is an optimization design method and system for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system that considers safety risks.

Background technique

Hydrogen is considered to be the key to the future energy transition due to its high energy density, zero emissions and renewable characteristics. As an important application form of hydrogen energy, the electricity-hydrogen energy storage system can convert renewable energy such as wind and solar energy into hydrogen for storage, and then convert it back into electrical energy when needed, providing an efficient method for energy storage and conversion. Way. However, the operation of electricity-hydrogen energy storage systems is still restricted by a series of challenges, one of the most prominent issues being the safety of hydrogen. Hydrogen is a highly explosive gas. Under certain conditions, mixing with oxygen may cause serious explosion accidents, posing potential threats to personnel and the environment. Therefore, in the optimized design and operation of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems, special attention must be paid to the risk of hydrogen explosion to ensure the reliability and safety of the system. However, most current studies do not fully consider the safety risk of hydrogen explosion in electric-hydrogen energy storage systems, which leads to potential risks in practical applications and limits the further development of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes an optimization design method and system for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system that considers safety risks, by considering the safety of electrolyzers and fuel cells in the electric-hydrogen energy storage system. By constraining and quantifying the safety risks of hydrogen storage tank explosion probability and explosion power, a multi-objective optimization design scheme that considers the safety and economy of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system is obtained, thereby improving the safety and economy of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system.

To this end, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an optimization design method for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system that considers safety risks, which includes the steps:

1) Establish an electricity-hydrogen energy storage system model;

2) Analyze factors affecting the safety of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems;

3) Determine the upper-level optimization design parameters and constraints;

4) Determine the lower-level optimization scheduling variables and constraints;

5) Quantify the safety risks of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, consider the operating costs and investment costs of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, and establish an optimization design model with the economics and safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system as the optimization goal. That is, determine the objective function for the optimal design of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system;

6) Input wind and solar output, electrothermal hydrogen load data and various equipment parameters, use the taboo chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm to solve the optimization design model, and obtain a double-layer optimization design plan for the electric-hydrogen energy storage system that takes into account safety risks.

Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an optimization design system for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system that considers safety risks, which includes:

Electric-hydrogen energy storage system modeling unit, used to establish an electric-hydrogen energy storage system model;

Safety risk analysis unit, used to analyze factors affecting the safety of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems;

The upper-level optimal design parameter and constraint conditions determination unit is used to determine the upper-level optimal design parameters and upper-level constraint conditions;

The lower-layer optimal scheduling variable and constraint conditions determination unit is used to determine the lower-layer optimal scheduling variables and lower-layer constraint conditions;

An objective function determination unit, used to determine the objective function of the optimal design of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, where the objective function includes safety risk cost, operating cost and investment cost;

The data input and optimization solution unit is used to input the data and parameters required for optimization solution and solve the objective function. The input data includes wind and solar output, electrothermal hydrogen load prediction data and various equipment parameters. The solution method is taboo chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By considering the safety constraints of electrolyzers and fuel cells in the electric-hydrogen energy storage system and quantifying the safety risks of the explosion probability and explosion power of the hydrogen storage tank, the present invention obtains the following results by considering the electric-hydrogen energy storage system. The multi-objective optimization design scheme for system safety and economy improves the safety and economy of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system.

Description of the drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are: For some implementation examples of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an architectural diagram of the optimization design system of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a flow chart of the optimization design method of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks according to the present invention;

Figure 4 is a cost comparison diagram of different configuration solutions in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a comparison chart of pressure changes of hydrogen storage tanks with different configuration schemes in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

This embodiment provides an optimization design method for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system that considers safety risks, as shown in Figure 3. The specific steps are as follows:

1) Establish an electricity-hydrogen energy storage system model;

2) Analyze factors affecting the safety of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems;

3) Determine the upper-level optimization design parameters and constraints;

4) Determine the lower-level optimal scheduling variables and constraints;

5) Quantify the safety risks of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, consider the operating costs and investment costs of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, and establish an optimization design model with the economics and safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system as the optimization goal;

6) Input wind and solar output, electrothermal hydrogen load data and various equipment parameters, use the taboo chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm to solve the optimization design model, and obtain a double-layer optimization design plan for the electric-hydrogen energy storage system that takes into account safety risks.

In the step 1), the electric-hydrogen energy storage system includes a fan, photovoltaic, electrolyzer, fuel cell, hydrogen storage tank, heat storage tank, battery and electric boiler and energy input and output relationship, where the fan and photovoltaic are The electric-hydrogen energy storage system provides a source of electric energy. The battery stores electric energy when the electric power is sufficient and releases the electric energy when the electric power is insufficient. Various types of electrolyzers convert excess electric energy into hydrogen energy and store it in the hydrogen storage tank when the energy is sufficient. The stored hydrogen energy is converted into electrical energy to supply the electrical load. The thermal storage tank stores the heat energy recovered from the electrolyzer and fuel cell. When the heat load demand cannot be met, the electric boiler converts the electrical energy into thermal energy to supply the heat load. As shown in Figure 1, the specific content is as follows:

Electrolyzer operating model:

(1)

(2)

(3)

Among them, the superscript M represents different electrolytic cells, M{A,P}, where A represents an alkaline electrolytic cell, and P represents a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell; the subscript k represents the electrolytic cell number; the subscript t represents the unit operation period, T is the total running period, where 1≤t≤T; 0-1 variable Represents the switching state of the electrolytic cell at time t,/> Indicates the start-up action of the electrolytic cell,/> Indicates the start of shutting down the electrolyzer;/> Indicates startup delay;/> Express/> The switching status of the electrolyzer at all times; Express/> At the beginning of the start-up action of the electrolyzer,/> ,/> Respectively represent the upper limit of startup and shutdown times of M electrolyzer in a day;/> For the working efficiency of the electrolyzer;/> is the working power of the electrolyzer;/> is the energy corresponding to the chemical energy converted into hydrogen/> Represents the mass of hydrogen produced, in kg;/> is the calorific value equivalent coefficient of one kilogram of hydrogen; is the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer;/> Represents unit time.

Fuel cell operating model:

(4)

(5)

Among them, 0-1 variables Indicates the switching status of the hydrogen fuel cell,/> and/> Indicate respectively the start-up action and the start-off action of the hydrogen fuel cell;/> Express/> The moment the hydrogen fuel cell starts to start; Indicates hydrogen fuel cell startup delay;/> and/> Respectively represent the maximum number of startups and shutdowns of the hydrogen fuel cell in a day;/> Indicates the equivalent working power of the fuel cell;/> and/> represent the electricity and heat production efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively, and/> Represents the electricity and heat production power of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively,/> Indicates the mass of hydrogen consumed by the hydrogen fuel cell.

Hydrogen storage tank operation model:

(6)

in, Indicates the quality of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank;/> and/> Represents the hydrogen charging and discharging efficiency respectively;/> and Respectively represent the mass of hydrogen charged into the hydrogen storage tank and the mass of hydrogen released at time t;/> and/> Represent the state variables of hydrogen injection and hydrogen release respectively,/> and/> represent the upper limits of hydrogen injection and hydrogen release respectively.

Thermal energy storage model:

(7)

in, Represents the heat of the thermal pool at time t ,/> and/> Respectively represent the charging and discharging power of thermal energy storage at time t ,/> and/> Represent heat storage and heat release efficiency respectively,/> and/> Respectively represent the maximum power limit of thermal energy storage heat release, ,/> Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the thermal pool capacity,/> ,/> Represent heat storage and release flags respectively.

Battery model:

(8)

in, Indicates the state of charge of the battery at time t,/> Indicates the rated capacity of the battery,/> and/> Represents the charging and discharging power of the battery at time t, respectively./> and/> Represents charge and discharge efficiency respectively,/> and/> Indicates the maximum power limit of battery charging and discharging respectively,/> and/> Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of battery SOC,/> and/> Indicate the charge and discharge flags respectively.

Electric boiler model:

(9)

in, Indicates the electric boiler electric heat conversion efficiency,/> Indicates the thermal power produced by the electric boiler,/> Indicates the electric power input to the electric boiler,/> and/> Represents the upper and lower limits of electric boiler output respectively,/> Indicates the start and stop status of the electric boiler at time t,/> Indicates the maximum number of starts and stops of the electric boiler per day.

In step 2), factors affecting the safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system (i.e., safety constraints) include the operating power and operating temperature of the electrolyzer and fuel cell, and the hydrogen storage quality and pressure of the hydrogen storage tank. The safety constraints of the electricity-hydrogen energy storage system are as follows:

Electrolyzer power safety constraints:

(10)

in, //> Respectively represent the upper/lower limit of the working power of the M electrolyzer when it is turned on;/> Indicates the electrical power consumed during the start-up process of the electrolyzer;/> Indicates the time measurement during the start-up process of the electrolyzer;/> Indicates the maximum ramping power per unit period of the M electrolyzer when it is powered on.

Electrolyzer temperature safety constraints:

(11)

in, is the ambient temperature;/> is the lumped heat capacity of the electrolyzer;/> is the lumped thermal resistance;/> is the thermal power lost;/> is the thermal power outside the output system;/> Indicates the electrolytic cell temperature;/> ,/> Represents the upper and lower limits of electrolytic cell temperature respectively.

Fuel cell power safety constraints:

(12)

in, //> Respectively represent the upper/lower limit of the hydrogen fuel cell’s working power when it is turned on;/> Indicates the power consumed during the startup process of the hydrogen fuel cell;/> Indicates the maximum ramp power per unit period of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is powered on,/> Indicates the upper limit of the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

Fuel cell temperature safety constraints:

(13)

in, Indicates the external temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell,/> represents the hydrogen fuel cell lumped heat capacity,/> Represents the thermal resistance of hydrogen fuel cell,/> Represents the thermal power lost by the hydrogen fuel cell,/> Indicates the thermal power outside the output system,/> is the hydrogen fuel cell temperature,/> and/> are the upper and lower temperature limits of the hydrogen fuel cell respectively.

Hydrogen storage tank pressure constraints:

(14)

(15)

(16)

in, Represents the gas compression factor during t period, a and b are fitting parameters;/> Represents the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank during period t; Indicates the quality of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank during period t;/> is the volume of the hydrogen storage tank; R is the ideal gas constant;/> is the hydrogen storage tank temperature;/> is the ultimate maximum pressure of the hydrogen storage tank, set/> It is the safety margin pressure of the hydrogen storage tank;/> is a binary variable,/> Represents a large positive number, which plays a role in relaxing constraints; when the hydrogen storage tank pressure is less than or equal to/> When,/> is equal to 0; on the contrary, when the pressure is greater than/> ,/> equal to 1. /> Indicates the number of dangerous operating time periods when the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank exceeds the safety margin;/> is the amount of hydrogen gas.

Hydrogen storage quality constraints of hydrogen storage tanks:

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

Among them, the hydrogen storage quality constraint of the hydrogen storage tank is constrained by the TNT equivalent method. Indicates the potential explosion equivalent of the hydrogen tank during period t;/> Represents the explosion efficiency of flammable vapor cloud,/> Indicates the explosive value of TNT;/> Indicates the standard heat of combustion of hydrogen;/> is the radius where the probability of death due to potential explosion during period t is 0.5; let the extreme safety distance of the charging station be/> , the safety margin distance is/> , the corresponding equivalent safety threshold is calculated as/> , the limit threshold is/> ;/> is a binary variable,/> Represents a large positive number; when the TNT equivalent of the hydrogen storage tank is less than or equal to/> When,/> Equal to 0, when the TNT equivalent is greater than/> ,/> equal to 1,/> Indicates the number of dangerous operating time periods when the TNT equivalent exceeds the safety margin.

In step 3), the upper layer optimization design parameters and constraints are as follows:

The upper-level optimization design parameters include electrolyzer capacity, fuel cell capacity, electric boiler capacity, battery capacity, hydrogen storage tank capacity and heat storage tank capacity; the upper-level optimization design constraints include electrolyzer capacity upper and lower limit constraints, fuel cell capacity upper and lower limit constraints, The upper and lower limit constraints of electric boiler capacity, the upper and lower limit constraints of battery capacity, the upper and lower limit constraints of hydrogen storage tank capacity, and the upper and lower limit constraints of thermal storage tank capacity.

The formula of the upper-level optimization design constraints is as follows:

(twenty one)

in, ,/> ,/> ,/> ,/> ,/> and/> They are the capacities of alkaline electrolyzers, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen storage tanks, thermal storage tanks and electric boilers respectively; the superscripts max and min represent the upper/lower limits of each equipment capacity respectively.

In step 4), the lower-layer optimization scheduling variables and constraints are as follows:

Lower-level optimal dispatch variables: including wind turbine output consumption, photovoltaic consumption, electrolyzer output, fuel cell output, battery charge and discharge, electric boiler output, hydrogen storage tank charging and discharging, and thermal storage tank charging and discharging heat.

The lower-level optimal dispatching constraints include wind and solar output constraints, electricity purchase and sale constraints, electricity balance constraints, hydrogen balance constraints, thermal balance constraints, battery constraints, electrolyzer operation constraints, fuel cell operation constraints, hydrogen storage tank operation constraints, thermal storage tank constraints, Electrolyser safety constraints, fuel cell safety constraints and hydrogen storage tank safety constraints.

Scenery output constraints:

(twenty two)

in, and/> Represent the predicted output of photovoltaic and wind power at time t respectively;/> and/> Represent the light and wind power abandonment at time t respectively.

Constraints on electricity purchase and sale:

(twenty three)

in, and/> Represent respectively the power purchased and sold at time t,/> and/> Represent the maximum power purchase and maximum power sales respectively,/> and/> Represent the purchase and sale status of electricity respectively.

Electrical balance constraints:

(twenty four)

in, is the total number of electrolytic cells,/> Represents the electric power consumed by the electric boiler at time t;/> Represents the electrical load at time t;

Hydrogen balance constraints:

(25)

in, Represents the hydrogen load at time t;/> Represents the hydrogen sales volume at time t;

Thermal balance constraints:

(26)

in, is the heat load at time t;/> Represents the heat sales at time t;

The operating constraints of the electrolyzer are formula (1)-(3), the operating constraints of the fuel cell are formulas (4)-(5), the operating constraints of the hydrogen storage tank are formula (6), the thermal storage tank constraints are formula (7), and the battery The constraints are equation (8), the safety constraints of the electrolyzer are equations (10)-(11), the safety constraints of the fuel cell are equations (12)-(13), and the safety constraints of the hydrogen storage tank are equations (14)-( 20).

In step 5), the optimization design model with the economics and safety of the electricity-hydrogen energy storage system as the optimization goal is as follows:

The lower-level optimization operation objectives include safety risk costs and operating costs, in which the hydrogen storage quality of the hydrogen storage tank is constrained by the TNT equivalent method.

Security risk cost:

(27)

(28)

(29)

in, Indicates that the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank and the TNT equivalent exceed the safety margin at the same time;/> Indicates the number of time periods when the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank and the TNT equivalent exceed the safety margin at the same time;/> ,/> and/> Respectively represent the safety risk costs when the TNT equivalent of the hydrogen storage tank exceeds the safety margin, the pressure exceeds the safety margin, or both exceed the safety margin at the same time;/> ,/> and Respectively represent the safety risk coefficient when the TNT equivalent of the hydrogen storage tank exceeds the safety margin, the pressure exceeds the safety margin, or both exceed the safety margin at the same time;/> Represents the security risk cost.

Operating costs :

(30)

(31)

in, Represents electricity purchase and sale transaction fees,/> and/> respectively represent/> The unit price of electricity purchased and sold by the system at any time,/> and Respectively represent the time in/> Purchase and sell electricity power at any time;/> Indicates the start-up and shutdown costs of electrolyzers and fuel cells,/> and are the start-up and shutdown costs of the electrolyzer respectively,/> and/> are the startup and shutdown costs of the fuel cell respectively, and/> Indicates the start-up and shutdown actions of the electrolyzer respectively;/> and/> Indicate respectively the start-up action and the start-off action of the hydrogen fuel cell;/> Income from selling heat and hydrogen,/> Indicates the unit price of hot sales,/> Represents the system in/> The heat energy sold at any time,/> Indicates the unit price of hydrogen sold,/> Represents the system in/> Hydrogen sold at all times, Indicates the battery usage cost,/> It is the unit usage cost of the battery;/> Indicates the cost of abandoning wind and light;/> and/> Represents the penalty coefficients for abandoning light and abandoning wind respectively,/> and/> They are the power of light and wind abandonment respectively;/> Indicates the cost of carbon emissions; Represents the conversion coefficient of electricity to carbon,/> Represents the environmental penalty factor for carbon dioxide emissions.

The goal of the upper-level optimization design is to minimize the daily net cost, which is equal to the lower-level optimization operating cost plus the equivalent daily investment cost. The specific objective function expression is as follows:

(32)

(33)

Among them, the subscript i refers to different equipment, including alkaline electrolyzers, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, electrical energy storage, thermal energy storage, hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen fuel cells and electric boilers; Objective function designed for upper-level optimization;/> is the equivalent annual investment cost of the system,/> is the total number of equipment in the integrated energy system,/> For the interest rate, take 5%,/> is the investment cost per unit capacity of each equipment, is the service life of each equipment,/> Indicates the capacity of each device in the integrated energy system.

In order to compare and analyze the differences in the optimal configuration of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems that consider safety, the present invention sets up three cases for comparative analysis.

Case 1: Only consider economics;

Case 2: Only consider safety;

Case 3: Comprehensive consideration of safety and economy.

The optimal economic solution, the optimal safety solution and the comprehensive optimal solution were obtained respectively. The capacity configuration results are shown in Table 1. The specific security indicators of each solution are shown in Table 2. The cost comparison is shown in Figure 4. Storage The pressure change of the hydrogen tank is shown in Figure 5.

Table 1

Table 2

After comparative analysis, it was found that in the most economically optimal configuration scheme, the capacities of hydrogen fuel cells, batteries and hydrogen storage tanks are all configured less. This configuration method improves the economics of the system by reducing system investment costs. However, the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is smaller, causing its pressure to increase more easily as the mass of hydrogen stored increases. Therefore, the period during which the pressure exceeds the safety margin is much longer than in the other two scenarios.

In the optimal safety solution, the safety of the system is enhanced by appropriately increasing the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and fuel cell. Considering the limitation of the potential explosion hazard range of the hydrogen storage tank, the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank cannot be too large. At the same time, a hydrogen storage tank with a small capacity may cause its pressure to increase, so it cannot be configured with too few. Increasing the capacity of the fuel cell can increase the flexibility of the system and share part of the energy transfer pressure of the hydrogen storage tank. In this scheme, the average pressure of the hydrogen storage tank and the number of average pressure over-limit periods are better than other schemes.

The comprehensive optimal solution is to increase the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank and battery at the same time to comprehensively improve system economy and safety. On the one hand, the choice to increase battery capacity rather than hydrogen fuel cells is because the investment cost of batteries is lower than that of hydrogen fuel cells, which can reduce part of the investment cost; on the other hand, batteries can play a role in energy transfer and balance within the day, which can ease hydrogen storage. The safety problem of increased pressure and potential danger range due to excessive hydrogen storage in the tank.

The safety risk cost of the comprehensive optimal solution is 60.27% lower than the optimal economic solution, while the operating cost is 5.5% lower than the optimal safety solution. This solution achieves a balance between economy and security and is an ideal configuration solution.

Example 2

This embodiment provides an electric-hydrogen energy storage system optimization design system that considers safety risks, which consists of an electric-hydrogen energy storage system modeling unit, a safety risk analysis unit, an upper-layer optimization design parameter and constraint determination unit, and a lower-layer It consists of an optimal scheduling variable and constraint determination unit, an objective function determination unit, and a data input and optimization solution unit, as shown in Figure 2. The specific contents are as follows:

An electric-hydrogen energy storage system modeling unit is used to establish an electric-hydrogen energy storage system model; the electric-hydrogen energy storage system includes fans, photovoltaics, electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen storage tanks, thermal storage tanks, and batteries. And the relationship between electric boilers and energy input and output.

A safety risk analysis unit is used to analyze factors affecting the safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system; the factors affecting the safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system include the operating power and operating temperature of the electrolyzer and fuel cell, and the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank. Hydrogen storage mass and pressure.

The upper-layer optimal design parameters and constraint conditions determination unit is used to determine the upper-layer optimal design parameters and upper-layer constraint conditions; the upper-layer optimal design parameters include electrolyzer capacity, fuel cell capacity, electric boiler capacity, battery capacity, hydrogen storage tank capacity, storage capacity, etc. Hot tank capacity; the upper-level optimization design constraints include electrolyzer capacity upper and lower limit constraints, fuel cell capacity upper and lower limit constraints, electric boiler capacity upper and lower limit constraints, battery capacity upper and lower limit constraints, hydrogen storage tank capacity upper and lower limit constraints, thermal storage tank Capacity upper and lower limit constraints.

The lower-level optimal scheduling variable and constraint determination unit is used to determine the lower-level optimal scheduling variables and lower-level constraint conditions; the lower-level optimal scheduling variables include wind turbine output consumption, photovoltaic consumption, electrolyzer output, fuel cell output, battery charge and discharge, Electric boiler output, hydrogen storage tank charging and discharging, heat storage tank charging and discharging heat; the lower-level optimal dispatching constraints include: wind and solar output constraints, battery constraints, electrolyzer operation constraints, fuel cell operation constraints, hydrogen storage tank operation constraints, Thermal storage tank constraints, electrical balance constraints, hydrogen balance constraints, thermal balance constraints, electrolyzer safety constraints, fuel cell safety constraints, hydrogen storage tank safety constraints.

The objective function determination unit is used to determine the objective function of the optimal design of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system; the objective function includes safety risk cost, operating cost and investment cost; where the safety risk cost includes the hydrogen storage tank explosion probability risk cost and The risk cost of hydrogen storage tank explosion power, operating costs include electricity purchase and sale transaction fees, electrolyzer start-up and stop costs, fuel cell start-up and stop costs, heat sales revenue, hydrogen sales revenue, battery usage costs, light and wind abandonment penalties and carbon emissions Emission penalty fees; investment costs include electrolyzer investment costs, fuel cell investment costs, electric boiler investment costs, battery investment costs, hydrogen storage tank investment costs, and heat storage tank investment costs.

The data input and optimization solution unit is used to input the data and parameters required for optimization solution and solve the objective function; the input data includes wind and solar output and electrothermal hydrogen load prediction data and various equipment parameters, and the solution method is taboo chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm.

It can be understood that the detailed functional implementation of each of the above units may be referred to the introduction in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, they do not limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to perform creative work. Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An optimal design method for an electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks, which is characterized by including the steps: 1) Establish an electricity-hydrogen energy storage system model; 2) Analyze factors affecting the safety of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems; 3) Determine the upper-level optimization design parameters and constraints; 4) Determine the lower-level optimization scheduling variables and constraints; 5) Quantify the safety risks of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, consider the operating costs and investment costs of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, and establish an optimization design model with the economics and safety of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system as the optimization goal. That is, determine the objective function for the optimal design of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system; 6) Input wind and solar output, electrothermal hydrogen load data and various equipment parameters, use the taboo chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm to solve the optimization design model, and obtain a double-layer optimization design plan for the electric-hydrogen energy storage system that takes into account safety risks. 2. The optimal design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 1), the electric-hydrogen energy storage system includes fans, photovoltaics, and electrolyzers. , fuel cells, hydrogen storage tanks, heat storage tanks, batteries and electric boilers, as well as energy input and output relationships. 3. The optimization design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 2), factors affecting the safety of electric-hydrogen energy storage system include electrolyzers and fuel cells. The working power, working temperature, hydrogen storage quality and pressure of the hydrogen storage tank. 4. The optimal design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 3), the upper-layer optimized design parameters include electrolyzer capacity, fuel cell capacity, battery capacity, and electrolyzer capacity. Boiler capacity, battery capacity, hydrogen storage tank capacity and thermal storage tank capacity; The upper-level optimization design constraints include electrolyzer capacity upper and lower limit constraints, fuel cell capacity upper and lower limit constraints, electric boiler capacity upper and lower limit constraints, battery capacity upper and lower limit constraints, hydrogen storage tank capacity upper and lower limit constraints and thermal storage tank capacity upper and lower limit constraints. . 5. The optimal design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 4), the lower-level optimal scheduling variables include wind turbine output consumption, photovoltaic consumption, Electrolyzer output, fuel cell output, battery charging and discharging, electric boiler output, hydrogen storage tank charging and discharging, and heat storage tank charging and discharging heat; The lower-level optimal dispatching constraints include wind and solar output constraints, electricity purchase and sale constraints, electricity balance constraints, hydrogen balance constraints, thermal balance constraints, battery constraints, electrolyzer operation constraints, fuel cell operation constraints, hydrogen storage tank operation constraints, and thermal storage tanks. constraints, electrolyser safety constraints, fuel cell safety constraints and hydrogen storage tank safety constraints. 6. The optimization design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 5), the quantification of safety risks of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system includes hydrogen storage tank explosion. Probabilistic risk quantification and hydrogen storage tank explosion power risk quantification, where the explosion probability is related to the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank, and the explosion power is related to the hydrogen storage quality of the hydrogen storage tank. 7. The optimization design method of electricity-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 5), the operating costs include electricity purchase and sale transaction fees and electrolyzer start-up and stop costs. , fuel cell start-up and stop costs, heat sales revenue, hydrogen sales revenue, battery usage costs, light and wind abandonment penalty fees and carbon emission penalty fees. 8. The optimization design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 5), the investment cost includes electrolyzer investment cost, fuel cell investment cost, electricity Boiler investment cost, battery investment cost, hydrogen storage tank investment cost and heat storage tank investment cost. 9. The optimization design method of electric-hydrogen energy storage system considering safety risks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 5), the upper-level optimization goal is to minimize the daily net cost, and the daily net cost is equal to the lower-level optimization. The operating cost plus the equivalent daily investment cost, the objective function expression of the optimal design model is as follows: , , Among them, the subscript i refers to different equipment, including alkaline electrolyzers, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, electrical energy storage, thermal energy storage, hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen fuel cells and electric boilers; Objective function designed for upper-level optimization;/> is the equivalent annual investment cost of the system, is the total number of equipment in the integrated energy system,/> is the interest rate,/> is the investment cost per unit capacity of each equipment,/> is the service life of each equipment,/> Indicates the capacity of each device in the integrated energy system;/> For the security risk cost;/> for operating costs. 10. An optimal design system for electric-hydrogen energy storage systems that considers safety risks, which is characterized by including: Electric-hydrogen energy storage system modeling unit, used to establish an electric-hydrogen energy storage system model; Safety risk analysis unit, used to analyze factors affecting the safety of electric-hydrogen energy storage systems; The upper-level optimal design parameter and constraint conditions determination unit is used to determine the upper-level optimal design parameters and upper-level constraint conditions; The lower-layer optimal scheduling variable and constraint conditions determination unit is used to determine the lower-layer optimal scheduling variables and lower-layer constraint conditions; An objective function determination unit, used to determine the objective function of the optimal design of the electric-hydrogen energy storage system, where the objective function includes safety risk cost, operating cost and investment cost; The data input and optimization solution unit is used to input the data and parameters required for optimization solution and solve the objective function. The input data includes wind and solar output, electrothermal hydrogen load prediction data and various equipment parameters. The solution method is taboo chaotic quantum particle swarm algorithm.