CN117402631A - A carbonization method and carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbonization method and a carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas to quench coke of normal-temperature coal gas. The carbonization device includes a vertical carbonization furnace, a semi-coke warehouse and a stripping warehouse; the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with drying and low-temperature carbonization sections, a medium-temperature carbonization section, and a medium-temperature carbonization section. In the carbonization section and the cooling section, the external medium-temperature coal gas enters the medium-temperature carbonization section to fully carbonize the materials, and the external normal-temperature coal gas enters the cooling section to recover the hot semi-coke heat. The gas after medium-temperature carbonization and recovery of semi-coke heat and the low-temperature waste generated by the pyrolysis of the materials are used. As the heat source for drying and low-temperature carbonization sections, coal gas not only fully utilizes heat, but also separates the oil and gas in the materials by grade. The output gas is of high quality, with high oil yield and high semi-coke quality.

Description

A carbonization method and carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and in particular to a carbonization method and a carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas to quench coke of normal-temperature coal gas.

Background technique

Coal carbonization refers to placing coal in an isolated air or inert gas environment, continuously heating it to a certain temperature and then undergoing a series of physical and chemical changes to obtain the heat of coal gas (gaseous), coal tar (liquid) and semi-coke (solid). Processing technology. According to different final heating temperatures, it can be divided into three types: 900-1100℃ is high-temperature carbonization, that is, coking; 700-900℃ is medium-temperature carbonization; 500-600℃ is low-temperature carbonization. When the temperature of the coal material is between 100 and 200°C, it is in the drying stage; when between 400 and 550°C, most of the gas and tar are precipitated, and the residue gradually thickens and solidifies to form semi-coke; when it is higher than 550°C, the semi-coke continues to precipitate out the remaining Volatiles (main component is hydrogen). Differential processing according to the carbonization characteristics of coal can produce a variety of chemical raw materials and various types of fine chemicals to achieve clean and efficient utilization of coal.

Coal carbonization equipment can be divided into moving bed, fluidized bed, rotary furnace, belt furnace, etc. according to the furnace type. Among them, the internally heated moving bed uses high-temperature gas as the heat carrier and the gas-solid two-phase direct contact has a relatively simple structure and no It has the most extensive industrial applications due to its power components and low operating costs. Among them, the internal combustion and internal heating moving bed carbonization unit is the most mature in application due to its simple equipment structure and low operating cost. However, the existing internal combustion and internally heated moving bed pyrolysis produces poor gas quality and low tar yield. Especially when dealing with mixed coal with a particle size of less than 30 mm, uneven gas-solid heat exchange, low heat utilization efficiency, and low tar yield are common. , low quality of gas, poor quality of semi-coke and other problems. Therefore, how to improve the thermal efficiency, tar yield, gas quality and semi-coke quality of the coal-mixed pyrolysis unit has important practical significance.

The Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN102424757B discloses "a gas heat carrier low-temperature carbonization furnace and a dry coke quenching method". The gas cross-flow and gas dry quenching methods are used to recover the sensible heat of the hot semi-coke, and then this part of the gas is passed into the The air and gas in the furnace are mixed and burned as a heat carrier for the carbonization of the upper long-flame coal. It uses self-produced gas to quench coke, which can effectively improve the overall thermal efficiency and make the gas quality better. However, the heat of the waste gas derived after carbonization is not fully recovered, and due to the use of air combustion, the quality of the gas is still not high enough.

The Chinese patent application with publication number CN112625720A discloses "a cross-flow coal-mixed pyrolysis method and pyrolysis device". It is divided into a drying section, a dry distillation section and a cooling section from top to bottom. The bottom cooling section uses waste flue gas as heat. The carrier of semi-coke sensible heat recovery. The hot waste flue gas after sensible heat recovery is introduced from the outside into the upper drying section to dry the raw materials. The middle carbonization section uses high-temperature coal gas as the carbonization heat carrier, and the heat carrier gas and pyrolysis gas are exported from the middle. . This device improves the quality of gas and tar products and effectively recovers the sensible heat of semi-coke. However, the heat of the waste gas exported from the middle carbonization section is not fully recovered, and since the material seals are used as transition sections between the upper, middle and lower sections, there is inevitably gas leakage between the sections, and not only the quality of the obtained gas will be affected. Affected by leakage of flue gas, there will also be leakage of gas in the exhaust gas.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a carbonization method and a carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas to quench coke of normal-temperature coal gas. A vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section. The external medium-temperature coal gas enters the medium-temperature carbonization section to remove materials. Fully retorted, external normal-temperature coal gas enters the cooling section to recover the heat of hot semi-coke, and the gas after medium-temperature carbonization and semi-coke heat recovery, as well as the low-temperature raw gas produced by material pyrolysis, are used as the heat source of the drying and low-temperature retort section; not only the heat is achieved It is fully utilized and the oil and gas in the materials are separated by grade. The produced gas is of high quality, the oil yield is high, and the semi-coke quality is high.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A carbonization method for medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and room-temperature coal gas quenching. In a vertical carbonization furnace, materials are processed through drying and low-temperature carbonization section, medium-temperature carbonization section and cooling section in sequence. The medium for pyrolysis and cooling is gas; Among them, medium-temperature coal gas is used to achieve material pyrolysis, and normal-temperature gas is used to quench and cool the pyrolyzed semi-coke; at the same time, the waste heat of low-temperature carbonization and medium-temperature carbonization and the sensible heat of the gas generated after material pyrolysis are used to achieve drying and Low temperature dry distillation.

Further, a carbonization method for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas specifically includes the following steps:

(1) The material is transported into the vertical carbonization furnace body. In the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, heat is exchanged with the low-temperature raw gas counterflowing upward from the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section. The temperature of the material rises and all external water is removed, achieving low-temperature carbonization. The generated raw gas and water vapor are exported out of the furnace through the gas collection array in the drying and low-temperature carbonization section. After cooling and purification, clean gas and tar products are obtained. A part of the clean gas is returned to the furnace as normal temperature gas for coke quenching. The rest is provided externally;

(2) Under the action of gravity, the material enters the medium-temperature carbonization section from the drying and low-temperature carbonization section; the external medium-temperature gas is introduced into the medium-temperature carbonization section through the multi-layer gas distribution structure. After the material exchanges heat with the medium-temperature gas, the temperature further rises and complete heating occurs. The decomposition reaction generates hot semi-coke, and the volatile matter is precipitated in the form of gas; the medium-temperature coal gas after exchanging heat with the material in the medium-temperature carbonization section, the gas pyrolyzed from the material, and the coke-quenched gas from the lower cooling section are at the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section. Mixed into low-temperature raw gas, it goes upward into the drying and low-temperature carbonization section as a heat source for material drying and low-temperature carbonization;

(3) The hot semi-coke flows down from the medium-temperature carbonization section to the cooling section, and the temperature decreases after countercurrent heat exchange with the return furnace clean gas; the temperature of the return furnace clean gas increases and then goes up to the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, serving as a heat source for material drying and low-temperature carbonization ;

(4) The cooled semi-coke is discharged to the semi-coke bin through the bottom coke discharge mechanism, and then enters the stripping bin through the semi-coke bin; in the stripping bin, the gas entrained between the semi-coke particles is extracted and returned to the furnace. The advanced semi-coke is discharged to the coke transport system.

Further, the stripping silo is a steam pressure maintaining silo. A primary valve is provided at the material inlet at the top of the stripping silo, and a secondary valve is provided at the material outlet at the bottom. A steam distribution plate is installed in the stripping silo. Through the steam distribution plate, The cooperation of the primary valve and the secondary valve achieves pressure maintenance. The specific operation process includes the following steps:

(1) When the secondary valve is closed and the primary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin is maintained to be greater than the gas pressure in the semi-coke bin. The semi-coke bin discharges the semi-coke into the stripping bin. At the same time, the gas between the semi-coke particles is stripped. Return to the semi-cooked warehouse;

(2) When the primary valve is closed and the secondary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin is maintained to be greater than the pressure of the coke transport system, and the stripping bin discharges the semi-coke into the coke transport system;

(3) Close the secondary valve after the coke is discharged from the stripping bin;

(4) Steps (1) to (3) are cyclically operated.

Further, the material is low-rank coal or oil shale particles including long-flame coal and lignite; or mixed coal with a particle size of <30 mm; the temperature of the medium-temperature gas is 800 to 1000°C.

A carbonization device for medium-temperature gas pyrolysis and coke quenching of room-temperature gas, including a vertical carbonization furnace with a material inlet at the top and a material outlet at the bottom; the carbonization device also includes a semi-coke bin and a stripping bin; The furnace body of the type carbonization furnace is equipped with a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section from top to bottom; the carbonization gas inlet of the medium-temperature carbonization section is connected to the external medium-temperature gas pipeline, and the cooling gas inlet of the cooling section is connected to the external normal temperature gas. Pipeline; the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace body is equipped with a semi-coke bin, a stripping bin and a coke transport system. There is a coke discharge mechanism between the vertical carbonization furnace body and the semi-coke bin. There is a coke discharge mechanism between the steam lift and the semi-coke bin. A feeding valve is provided; a primary valve is provided at the material inlet at the top of the stripping silo, a secondary valve is provided at the material outlet at the bottom, and a steam distribution plate is installed in the stripping silo.

Furthermore, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section has a cavity structure, and a gas outlet and gas collection array umbrella is provided on the top.

Furthermore, the medium-temperature carbonization section is a multi-chamber and integrated wall structure with external gas distribution and internal gas conduction. The specific structure is as follows:

N-1 integrated walls with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance are arranged side by side in the medium-temperature carbonization section, forming N medium-temperature carbonization chambers together with the external walls on both sides, N = 4 to 8; above the integrated wall with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance Cone-shaped material distribution structures are set up in one-to-one correspondence. The bottom of the integrated wall with external gas distribution and internal gas conduction is supported by an arched structure; a low-temperature raw gas channel is set up in the vertical direction in the integrated wall with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance. Conical material distribution A horizontal channel is set up between the structure and the corresponding external gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall to connect the low-temperature raw gas channel with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; a number of medium-temperature gas distribution strips are evenly arranged along the high direction in the external gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall. Channels, medium-temperature gas distribution channels are set horizontally and connected to external medium-temperature gas pipelines; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel is connected to the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a number of gas nozzles that open obliquely downward.

Further, the vertical carbonization furnace body is provided with vertical partition walls to divide the internal space of the furnace body into m side-by-side carbonization units; each carbonization unit is provided with a medium-temperature carbonization unit, that is, the vertical carbonization furnace body has m×N medium-temperature carbonization units; the width of a single medium-temperature carbonization chamber is 400~800mm.

Further, the cooling section has a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section is the same as the width of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section; 2 to 3 layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are provided at the lower part of the cooling section; the normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are connected with the external normal temperature The gas pipelines are connected, and air distribution holes are provided at the bottom of the normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella; the uppermost normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella and the medium-temperature carbonization chamber are arranged in one-to-one correspondence and the centers of the two are located in the same vertical plane; the other layers of normal-temperature gas distribution umbrellas are The umbrellas are arranged staggered in the horizontal direction.

Further, the focus discharge mechanism is a reciprocating focus pusher.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Use a carbonization device divided into three functional sections: upper, middle and lower. Use external medium-temperature gas to fully carbonize the materials in the medium-temperature carbonization section. Use external normal-temperature gas to recover the heat of hot semi-coke in the cooling section. Use medium-temperature carbonization and The gas after recovering the heat of semi-coke and the low-temperature waste gas produced by the pyrolysis of materials are used as the heat source for the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, which greatly improves the thermal efficiency of the carbonization unit;

(2) There is no tar burning in the carbonization unit; medium temperature coal gas and normal temperature coal gas are introduced into the carbonization unit, and low-temperature raw gas after pyrolysis is self-produced. The gas quality is high and there is no tar burning;

(3) The medium-temperature carbonization section adopts a multi-chamber and external gas distribution and internal gas-guiding integrated wall structure. After recovering the sensible heat of the semi-coke, the normal-temperature gas with a temperature of about 550°C enters the drying and low-temperature carbonization section through the normal-temperature gas channel. The external medium-temperature gas passes through After the medium-temperature carbonization heat exchanger is cooled to about 550°C, it also enters the drying and low-temperature carbonization sections, realizing medium-temperature carbonization and low-temperature carbonization respectively by using medium-temperature coal gas and normal-temperature coal gas. The medium-temperature coal gas effectively activates pyrolysis and increases the tar yield;

(4) The medium-temperature carbonization section adopts a multi-chamber carbonization and multi-layer gas distribution structure to ensure uniform and thorough carbonization and improve the quality of semi-coke;

(5) The materials processed by the carbonization unit can include low-rank coal such as long flame coal and lignite, or oil shale particles, or mixed coal with a particle size of <30 mm, realizing full utilization of low-grade solid chemical fuels.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a carbonization process flow chart of the medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and normal-temperature coal gas coke quenching according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the carbonization device of the present invention (taking one carbonization unit as an example).

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram 2 of the internal structure of the carbonization device of the present invention (taking two carbonization units as an example).

Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-chamber, external gas distribution and internal gas guiding integrated wall combination structure and normal temperature gas distribution array umbrella according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the stripping bin according to the present invention.

In the picture: 1. Vertical carbonization furnace body 2. Gas outlet gas collection umbrella 3. Drying and low-temperature carbonization section 4. Medium-temperature carbonization section 41. Conical distribution structure 42. External gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall 43. Medium temperature gas distribution channel 44. Low temperature raw gas channel 45. Arched structure 46. External wall 5. Cooling section 51. Normal temperature gas distribution array umbrella 6. Coke discharge mechanism 7. Semi-coke bin 8. Stripping bin 81. Maintenance Gate 82. Feeding valve 83. Primary valve 84. Stripping bin body 85. Steam distribution plate 86. Secondary valve 9. Coke transport system 10. Coal bunker 11. Belt conveyor

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

As shown in Figure 1, the carbonization method of the present invention is a medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and room-temperature coal gas coke quenching method. In the vertical carbonization furnace, the material sequentially passes through the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and the cooling section 5. The media used for processing, pyrolysis and cooling all use coal gas; among them, medium-temperature coal gas is used to achieve material pyrolysis, and normal-temperature gas is used to quench and cool the pyrolyzed semi-coke; at the same time, the waste heat of low-temperature carbonization and medium-temperature carbonization as well as the material heat are used. The sensible heat of the gas generated after decomposition realizes drying and low-temperature carbonization of the materials.

Further, the carbonization method of the present invention for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas specifically includes the following steps:

(1) The materials are transported into the vertical carbonization furnace body 1. In the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, heat is exchanged with the low-temperature raw gas counterflowing upward from the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section 4. The temperature of the materials rises and all external water is removed. Low-temperature carbonization is realized. The generated raw coal gas and water vapor are dried and exported out of the furnace through the gas outlet gas collection array 2 of the low-temperature carbonization section 3. After cooling and purification, clean gas and tar products are obtained. A part of the clean gas is returned to the furnace as normal temperature Coal gas is used for coke quenching and the rest is supplied externally;

(2) Under the action of gravity, the materials enter the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 from the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; the external medium-temperature gas is introduced into the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 through the multi-layer gas distribution structure. After the material exchanges heat with the medium-temperature gas, the temperature further increases and A complete pyrolysis reaction occurs to generate hot semi-coke, and the volatile matter is precipitated in the form of gas; the medium-temperature coal gas after exchanging heat with the material in the medium-temperature carbonization section 4, the gas pyrolyzed from the material, and the coke-quenched gas from the lower cooling section 5 are The top of the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is mixed with low-temperature raw coal gas, which flows upward into the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 as a heat source for material drying and low-temperature carbonization;

(3) The hot semi-coke flows down from the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 to the cooling section 5, and the temperature decreases after countercurrent heat exchange with the returned clean gas; the temperature of the returned clean gas increases and then goes up to the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, where it is used as material for drying and low-temperature Heat source for retorting;

(4) The cooled semi-coke is discharged to the semi-coke bin 7 through the bottom coke discharge mechanism 6, and then enters the stripping bin 8 through the semi-coke bin 7; in the stripping bin 8, the gas entrained between the semi-coke particles is extracted and returned In the furnace, the stripped semi-coke is discharged to the coke transport system 9.

Further, the stripping warehouse 8 is a steam pressure maintaining warehouse. The material inlet at the top of the stripping warehouse 8 is provided with a primary valve 83, and the material outlet at the bottom is provided with a secondary valve 86. The stripping warehouse 8 is provided with a steam distribution plate 85. , pressure maintenance is achieved through the cooperation of the steam distribution plate 85, the primary valve 83 and the secondary valve 86. The specific operation process includes the following steps:

(1) When the secondary valve 86 is closed and the primary valve 83 is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin 8 is maintained to be greater than the gas pressure in the semi-coke bin 7. The semi-coke bin 7 discharges the semi-coke into the stripping bin 8, and at the same time, the semi-coke particles The intermediate gas is stripped and returned to the semi-coke bin 7;

(2) When the primary valve 83 is closed and the secondary valve 86 is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin 8 is maintained to be greater than the pressure of the coke transport system 9, and the stripping bin 8 discharges the semi-coke into the coke transport system 9;

(3) Close the secondary valve 86 after the coke is discharged from the stripping bin 8;

(4) Steps (1) to (3) are cyclically operated.

Further, the material is low-rank coal or oil shale particles including long-flame coal and lignite; or mixed coal with a particle size of <30 mm; the temperature of the medium-temperature gas is 800 to 1000°C.

As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the carbonization device of the present invention for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of room-temperature coal gas includes a vertical carbonization furnace with a material inlet at the top and a material outlet at the bottom; The carbonization device also includes a semi-coke warehouse 7 and a stripping warehouse 8; the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 is provided with a drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, a medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and a cooling section 5 from top to bottom; the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is The carbonization gas inlet is connected to the external medium-temperature gas pipeline, and the cooling gas inlet of the cooling section 5 is connected to the external normal-temperature gas pipeline; the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 is provided with a semi-coke bin 7, a stripping bin 8 and a coke transport system 9. , a coke discharge mechanism 6 is set between the furnace body 1 of the vertical retort furnace and the semi-coke bin 7, and a feeding valve 82 is set between the steam lift 8 and the semi-coke bin 7; as shown in Figure 5, the material at the top of the stripping bin 8 A primary valve 83 is provided at the inlet, a secondary valve 86 is provided at the material outlet at the bottom, and a steam distribution plate 85 is provided in the stripping chamber 8.

Furthermore, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 has a cavity structure, and a gas outlet gas collection array umbrella 2 is provided on the top.

Furthermore, the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is a multi-chamber and integrated wall structure with external gas distribution and internal gas conduction. The specific structure is as follows:

As shown in Figure 2, N-1 external gas distribution and internal gas guiding integrated walls 42 are arranged side by side in the medium-temperature carbonization section 4, and together with the external walls 46 on both sides form N medium-temperature carbonization chambers, N=4-8; A cone-shaped material distribution structure 41 is provided above the integrated air distribution and internal air guide wall 42 in one-to-one correspondence. The bottom of the external air distribution and internal air guide integrated wall 42 is supported by an arch structure 45; inside the external air distribution and internal air guide integrated wall 42 A low-temperature raw gas channel 44 is provided along the vertical direction, and a horizontal channel is set between the tapered material distribution structure 41 and the corresponding external gas distribution and internal gas-guiding integrated wall 42 to connect the low-temperature raw gas channel 44 with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; A number of medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are evenly arranged along the high direction in the integrated gas-guiding wall 42. The medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are arranged horizontally and connected to the external medium-temperature gas pipelines; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel 43 passes through several The gas nozzle opening obliquely downward is connected with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber.

Further, as shown in Figure 3, the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 is equipped with vertical partition walls to divide the internal space of the furnace body into m carbonization units side by side; each carbonization unit is provided with a medium temperature carbonization unit. That is, the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 has m×N medium-temperature carbonization units; the width of a single medium-temperature carbonization chamber is 400 to 800 mm.

Further, as shown in Figure 4, the cooling section 5 has a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section 5 is the same as the width of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; 2 to 3 layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are provided at the bottom of the cooling section 5 51; The normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is connected to the external normal temperature gas pipeline, and the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is provided with air distribution holes; the uppermost normal temperature gas distribution umbrella and the medium temperature carbonization chamber are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the centers of the two are located at In the same vertical plane; the other layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are staggered along the horizontal direction.

Furthermore, the focus discharge mechanism 6 is a reciprocating focus pusher.

In the carbonization device (hereinafter referred to as the carbonization device) for medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and coke quenching at room temperature according to the present invention, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and the cooling section 5 in the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 are interconnected with each other. The top opening of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 is the material inlet and the gas outlet. The bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 is equipped with a coke discharge mechanism 6, and a semi-coke bin 7 and a stripping bin 8 are provided below.

The temperature of the normal temperature gas in the present invention is room temperature, the temperature of the medium temperature gas is 800-1000°C, and the temperature of the low-temperature raw gas after mixing in the furnace is 600-700°C.

The materials that the carbonization device of the present invention can process include low-rank coals such as long flame coal and lignite, or oil-containing granular materials such as oil shale, and can also directly process mixed coal with a particle size of <30 mm.

The drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 has a cavity structure, and a gas outlet gas collecting array 2 is provided on the top to lead out the carbonization gas at the top of the carbonization device.

The medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is a multi-chamber and integrated wall combination structure with external gas distribution and internal gas conduction.

The cooling section 5 has a cavity structure and is provided with multiple layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas 51 .

The stripping warehouse 8 is a steam pressure maintaining warehouse, which maintains pressure through the cooperation of the steam distribution plate 85, the primary valve 83 located at the upper part, and the secondary valve 86 located at the lower part; there is also a gap between the primary valve 83 and the semi-coke warehouse 7. It is equipped with a maintenance valve 81 and a feeding valve 8 (preferred type valve).

The raw coal gas produced after carbonization in the carbonization device of the present invention has a low escape velocity and less dust entrainment. After oil washing, cooling, electric capture and other processes, coal gas and tar products are obtained. The coal gas is completely produced by the carbonization process and has a high proportion of effective components. , high calorific value, part of the gas is used as product gas, which can be used as synthesis gas or used to prepare LNG. The other part of the gas is returned to the furnace as cooling coke quenching gas to recover the sensible heat of semi-coke.

The medium-temperature coal gas introduced externally into the carbonization unit can be obtained by mixing the medium-temperature coal gas produced by pulverized coal gasification with normal-temperature coal gas, or it can be obtained by heating other gases. In the present invention, the medium-temperature coal gas not only serves as a gas heat carrier, but also is an activation factor that promotes tar production in the coal pyrolysis reaction, thereby increasing the tar yield.

The following examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation modes and specific operating processes. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Example 1]

This embodiment takes long-flame coal pyrolysis as an example. As shown in Figure 1 , the material is transported through a belt conveyor 11 and enters the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 through the coal bunker 10 located on the top of the furnace. In the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, heat is exchanged with low-temperature waste gas to carry out drying and low-temperature carbonization, and the material temperature rises from normal temperature to about 550°C.

Under the action of gravity, the material enters each medium-temperature carbonization chamber through the conical distribution structure 41. The temperature of the material gradually increases to 650°C and all pyrolysis is completed. The material (hot semi-coke) that has completed medium-temperature carbonization continues to move downward through the cooling section 5, and the temperature drops to about 100°C after exchanging heat with the normal-temperature gas introduced from outside.

The medium-temperature carbonization section 4 adopts a multi-chamber and external gas distribution and internal gas-guiding integrated wall structure. The medium-temperature gas at about 800°C is introduced into the medium-temperature layer by layer through the multi-layer gas distribution structure (composed of multiple medium-temperature gas distribution channels and corresponding gas nozzles). The carbonization chamber exchanges heat with the material in counter-current flow. When the medium-temperature gas goes up to the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section 4, it cools down to about 550°C.

The normal temperature gas that passes into the cooling section 5 through the normal temperature gas distribution array umbrella 51 recovers the sensible heat of the semi-coke and then heats up to about 550°C, and directly enters the dry and low temperature gas through the low temperature raw gas channel 44 in the external gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall 42 Retorting section 3. The gas generated after the pyrolysis of the materials in the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and the medium-temperature coal gas after heat exchange go up to the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 as low-temperature raw gas; the low-temperature raw gas after low-temperature carbonization of the materials passes through the gas outlet gas gathering array 2. Out of the furnace, the outlet temperature of the low-temperature raw gas is about 80°C.

[Example 2]

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of room-temperature coal gas includes a vertical carbonization furnace body 1. The vertical carbonization furnace body 1 is provided with a drying and low-temperature carbonization section placed on the upper part. 3. The medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is located in the middle, the cooling section 5 is located in the lower part, and the coke discharge mechanism 6 is located at the bottom. In addition, the carbonization device also includes a semi-coke bin 7 and a stripping bin 8. A coal bunker 10 is provided above the material inlet of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1.

In this embodiment, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 has a cavity structure, and a gas outlet gas collecting array umbrella 2 is provided on the top.

In this embodiment, the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is a multi-chamber and an integrated wall structure with external gas distribution and internal gas conduction. The specific structure is as follows:

In the medium-temperature carbonization section 4, 7 integrated walls 42 with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance are arranged side by side (two of which are half walls), which together with the external walls 46 on both sides form 6 medium-temperature carbonization chambers; external gas distribution and internal gas guidance are integrated Cone-shaped distribution structures 41 are arranged above the wall 42 in one-to-one correspondence. The bottom of the integrated wall 42 with external air distribution and internal air conduction is supported by an arched structure 45; A low-temperature raw gas channel 44 is provided, and a horizontal channel is set between the conical material distribution structure 41 and the corresponding external gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall 42 to connect the low-temperature raw gas channel 44 with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; the external gas distribution and internal gas guide Five medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are evenly arranged on both sides of the integrated wall 42 (the half wall is the inner side) along the height direction. The medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are arranged horizontally and connected to the external medium-temperature gas pipelines; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel 43 are all connected with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a number of gas nozzles opening obliquely downward.

In this embodiment, the cooling section 5 is a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section 5 is the same as the width of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; there are three layers of normal temperature gas distribution array umbrellas 51 at the lower part of the cooling section 5; normal temperature gas distribution The array umbrella 51 is connected to the external normal temperature gas pipeline, and the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution array umbrella 51 is provided with air distribution holes; in this embodiment, there are 6 upper room temperature gas distribution umbrellas, which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the medium temperature carbonization chamber, and The centers of the two are located in the same vertical plane; the number of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas on the middle layer is 12, and one is provided on each side of the corresponding upper layer of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas; the number of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas on the lower layer is 6 , corresponding to the upper room temperature gas distribution umbrella.

For retort units, safe coke removal is the key. In this embodiment, the stripping warehouse 8 is a steam pressure-maintaining warehouse, and the steam distribution plate 85 and the cooperation of the primary valve 83 and the secondary valve 86 realize pressure maintenance during the feeding, stripping and discharging processes. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) When the secondary valve 86 is closed and the primary valve 83 is opened, maintain the steam pressure in the stripping bin body 84 slightly greater than the gas pressure in the semi-coke bin 7, and then discharge the coke from the semi-coke bin 7, and discharge the semi-coke into the steam Lift the bin body 84 and realize gas stripping between particles back to the semi-coke bin 7;

(2) When the primary valve 83 is closed and the secondary valve 86 is opened, maintain the steam pressure in the stripping bin body 84 slightly greater than the pressure of the lower coke transport equipment 9, and then discharge coke from the stripping bin body 84, and discharge the semi-coke into the transport focal system 9;

(3) Close the secondary valve 86 after the coke is discharged from the stripping bin 84;

(4) Step (1)-step (3) cycle operation.

The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can, within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, implement the technical solutions of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions or changes of the inventive concept thereof shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A carbonization method for medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and room-temperature coal gas coke quenching, which is characterized in that in a vertical carbonization furnace, the materials are processed through drying and low-temperature carbonization section, medium-temperature carbonization section and cooling section. Pyrolysis and cooling are used Gas is used as the medium; among them, medium-temperature coal gas is used to achieve material pyrolysis, and normal-temperature gas is used to quench and cool the pyrolyzed semi-coke; at the same time, the waste heat of low-temperature carbonization and medium-temperature carbonization and the apparent gas generated after material pyrolysis are used. Heat realizes drying and low-temperature carbonization of materials. 2. A carbonization method for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas according to claim 1, characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps: (1) The material is transported into the vertical carbonization furnace body. In the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, heat is exchanged with the low-temperature raw gas counterflowing upward from the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section. The temperature of the material rises and all external water is removed, achieving low-temperature carbonization. The generated raw gas and water vapor are exported out of the furnace through the gas collection array in the drying and low-temperature carbonization section. After cooling and purification, clean gas and tar products are obtained. A part of the clean gas is returned to the furnace as normal temperature gas for coke quenching. The rest is provided externally; (2) Under the action of gravity, the material enters the medium-temperature carbonization section from the drying and low-temperature carbonization section; the external medium-temperature gas is introduced into the medium-temperature carbonization section through the multi-layer gas distribution structure. After the material exchanges heat with the medium-temperature gas, the temperature further rises and complete heating occurs. The decomposition reaction generates hot semi-coke, and the volatile matter is precipitated in the form of gas; the medium-temperature coal gas after exchanging heat with the material in the medium-temperature carbonization section, the gas pyrolyzed from the material, and the coke-quenched gas from the lower cooling section are at the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section. Mixed into low-temperature raw gas, it goes upward into the drying and low-temperature carbonization section as a heat source for material drying and low-temperature carbonization; (3) The hot semi-coke flows down from the medium-temperature carbonization section to the cooling section, and the temperature decreases after countercurrent heat exchange with the return furnace clean gas; the temperature of the return furnace clean gas increases and then goes up to the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, serving as a heat source for material drying and low-temperature carbonization ; (4) The cooled semi-coke is discharged to the semi-coke bin through the bottom coke discharge mechanism, and then enters the stripping bin through the semi-coke bin; in the stripping bin, the gas entrained between the semi-coke particles is extracted and returned to the furnace. The advanced semi-coke is discharged to the coke transport system. 3. A carbonization method for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas according to claim 2, characterized in that the stripping bin is a steam pressure maintaining bin, and a primary valve is provided at the material inlet at the top of the stripping bin. The material outlet at the bottom is equipped with a secondary valve, and the stripping chamber is equipped with a steam distribution plate. Pressure maintenance is achieved through the cooperation of the steam distribution plate, primary valve and secondary valve. The specific operation process includes the following steps: (1) When the secondary valve is closed and the primary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin is maintained to be greater than the gas pressure in the semi-coke bin. The semi-coke bin discharges the semi-coke into the stripping bin. At the same time, the gas between the semi-coke particles is stripped. Return to the semi-cooked warehouse; (2) When the primary valve is closed and the secondary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin is maintained to be greater than the pressure of the coke transport system, and the stripping bin discharges the semi-coke into the coke transport system; (3) Close the secondary valve after the coke is discharged from the stripping bin; (4) Steps (1) to (3) are cyclically operated. 4. A medium-temperature gas pyrolysis and normal-temperature gas quenching and carbonization method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material is low-rank coal including long-flame coal and lignite or oil shale particles; Or it can be mixed coal with a particle size of less than 30 mm; the temperature of the medium-temperature coal gas is 800 to 1000°C. 5. A carbonization device used to realize the coke quenching of medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and normal-temperature coal gas according to the method of claims 1 to 3, including a vertical carbonization furnace with a material inlet at the top and a material outlet at the bottom; characterized in that , the carbonization device also includes a semi-coke warehouse and a stripping warehouse; the vertical carbonization furnace body is provided with a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section from top to bottom; the carbonization gas inlet of the medium-temperature carbonization section is connected to the outside The medium temperature gas pipeline, the cooling gas inlet of the cooling section is connected to the external normal temperature gas pipeline; the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace body is equipped with a semi-coke bin, a stripping bin and a coke transportation system. The vertical carbonization furnace body and semi-coke There is a coke discharge mechanism between the bins, and a feeding valve between the steam lift and the semi-coke bin; a primary valve is set at the material inlet at the top of the stripping bin, a secondary valve is set at the material outlet at the bottom, and steam distribution is set up in the stripping bin. plate. 6. A carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the drying and low-temperature carbonization section has a cavity structure, and a gas outlet and gas collection array umbrella is provided on the top. 7. A carbonization device for medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the medium-temperature carbonization section is a multi-chamber and an integrated wall combination structure with external gas distribution and internal gas conduction. The specific structure is as follows : N-1 integrated walls with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance are arranged side by side in the medium-temperature carbonization section, forming N medium-temperature carbonization chambers together with the external walls on both sides, N = 4 to 8; above the integrated wall with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance Conical material distribution structures are set up in one-to-one correspondence, and the bottom of the integrated wall with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance is supported by an arched structure; a low-temperature raw gas channel is set up vertically in the integrated wall with external gas distribution and internal gas guidance, and the tapered material distribution structure A horizontal channel is set up between the structure and the corresponding external gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall to connect the low-temperature raw gas channel with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; a number of medium-temperature gas distribution strips are evenly arranged along the high direction in the external gas distribution and internal gas guide integrated wall. Channels, medium-temperature gas distribution channels are set horizontally and connected to external medium-temperature gas pipelines; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel is connected to the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a number of gas nozzles that open obliquely downward. 8. A carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the vertical partition wall is provided in the furnace body of the vertical carbonization furnace to separate the internal space of the furnace body into side-by-side m carbonization units; each carbonization unit is equipped with 1 medium-temperature carbonization unit, that is, the vertical carbonization furnace has m×N medium-temperature carbonization units; the width of a single medium-temperature carbonization chamber is 400 to 800mm. 9. A carbonization device for medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis and room-temperature coal gas coke quenching according to claim 5, characterized in that the cooling section is a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section is the same as the width of the drying and low-temperature carbonization sections; There are 2 to 3 layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas at the lower part of the cooling section; the normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are connected to the external normal temperature gas pipelines, and air distribution holes are provided at the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas; the uppermost normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are connected to the medium temperature retort chamber The chambers are arranged in one-to-one correspondence and the centers of the two are located in the same vertical plane; the remaining layers of normal-temperature gas distribution umbrellas are staggered along the horizontal direction. 10. A carbonization device for pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal gas and coke quenching of normal-temperature coal gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the coke discharge mechanism is a reciprocating coke pusher.