CN117394628B - Disk type transverse magnetic flux reluctance motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a disk-type transverse flux reluctance motor, which includes a motor housing, a rotating shaft and a single-phase motor unit. Three single-phase motor units are coaxially arranged along the rotating shaft. The single-phase motor unit It includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a stator core, permanent magnets, DC excitation windings, AC armature windings and a non-magnetic stator core fixed disk. The non-magnetic stator core fixed disk is fixed in the motor casing. The stator core is evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft. , the rotor is fixed on the rotating shaft, the DC excitation winding and AC armature winding are placed on the stator core, the DC excitation winding and AC armature winding are coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, and the permanent magnet is arranged on the end face of the stator core facing the air gap. The advantage of the invention is that it can effectively adjust the flux linkage in the AC armature winding by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the energizing current in the DC excitation winding, thereby achieving both high thrust density and wide speed regulation range of the disc permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Description

A kind of disk transverse flux reluctance motor

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a disk-type transverse flux reluctance motor.

Background technique

Transverse flux motor technology is a new technology in the field of motor body topology in recent years. The plane of the main flux loop in this type of motor is perpendicular to the direction of motor movement. The electromagnetic load of the motor is relatively decoupled in space and can be controlled within a certain range. At the same time, it is improved to achieve a substantial increase in the thrust density of the motor. Combining transverse flux motor technology with disc motor technology can achieve significant improvements in high torque density.

Considering the special disc structure and existing processing technology in disc transverse flux motors, current disc transverse flux motors mostly use rotors containing surface-mounted permanent magnets. The permanent magnets in this type of rotor are usually pasted on the surface of the rotor core or embedded in the non-magnetic rotor fixed disk. When the motor needs to run above the base speed, the existing disk transverse flux motor can only increase the motor speed through the field weakening method of enhancing the d-axis demagnetization current. However, the surface-mounted permanent magnet is directly connected in series in the main magnetic circuit. As a result, the air gap reluctance value is very large, the air gap magnetic field adjustment is difficult, and the speed expansion capability is very limited; on the other hand, excessive d-axis current may cause irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet, resulting in a reduction in the operating performance of the motor and damage to the motor. service life. Therefore, it is difficult for existing disk transverse flux motors to operate in a wide speed range.

In summary, the existing disk transverse flux motors have shortcomings such as poor field weakening speed regulation capability and low mechanical strength of the rotor, which greatly limits the use of this type of motor in wide speed range motor systems such as electric traction, spindle drive, and wind power generation. further applications. The present invention will combine the characteristics of transverse flux motors, disc motors, reluctance motors, and hybrid excitation motors to improve the magnetizing ability of disc transverse flux reluctance motors.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a disc transverse flux reluctance motor, reasonably design the stator and rotor structure of the motor, and provide the disc transverse flux motor with the ability to adjust the armature flux as needed. Improve the motor's field-weakening speed regulation capability, maximize the advantages of transverse flux motors with high torque density and high power density, and significantly increase the upper speed limit of the motor, effectively expanding the application of transverse flux motors in electric traction, spindle drive, and wind power generation. Applicability in motor systems with a wide speed range.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a disk-type transverse flux reluctance motor, including a motor housing, a rotating shaft and a single-phase motor unit, three of the single-phase motor units are coaxially arranged along the rotating shaft, The single-phase motor unit includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a stator core, permanent magnets, DC excitation windings, AC armature windings and a non-magnetic stator core fixed disk. The non-magnetic stator core fixed disk is fixed on the electric motor. In the casing, a plurality of the stator cores are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft and fixed on the non-magnetic stator core fixed plate. The rotor is fixed on the rotating shaft, and there is an air gap between the rotor and the stator. The DC excitation windings and AC armature windings are placed on multiple stator cores, the DC excitation windings and AC armature windings are coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, and the permanent magnets are arranged on the end face of the stator core facing the air gap, The plane of the main magnetic flux loop in the motor is perpendicular to the direction of rotor movement.

Specifically, the stator core is an offset E-shape, which includes a first tooth, a second tooth, a first horizontal section, a second horizontal section and a vertical section. One end of the first tooth is connected to the One end of the first horizontal section is vertically connected, one end of the vertical section is vertically connected to the other end of the first horizontal section, one end of the second horizontal section is vertically connected to the other end of the vertical section, the third One end of the two teeth is vertically connected to one end of the second horizontal section, and the first horizontal section, the vertical section and the second horizontal section form a Z-shaped structure; the first tooth, the first horizontal section and the vertical section form The inner tooth groove on the inside; the second horizontal section and the vertical section form the external tooth groove on the outside, and the adjacent stator cores are arranged oppositely, and the first teeth of the stator core are arranged in the forward direction and the stator core is arranged in the opposite direction. The second teeth of the stator core are located on the same circumference, and the second teeth of the stator core set in the forward direction and the first teeth of the stator core set in the reverse direction are located on the same circumference; the two DC excitation windings are placed on the forward and reverse directions respectively. The AC armature winding is placed in the inner tooth slot of the stator core and limited by the outer tooth slot of the stator core. The AC armature winding is placed on the second horizontal section and limited by the first teeth and the second teeth.

Specifically, the non-magnetic stator core fixing plate is provided with a plurality of slots in a radial array, and the stator core is partially placed in the slots.

Specifically, the air gap distance between the end surface of the second tooth and the rotor is greater than the air gap distance between the end surface of the first tooth and the rotor, the permanent magnet is fixed on the end surface of the second tooth, and the The air gap distance between the permanent magnet and the rotor is equal to the air gap distance between the end surface of the first tooth and the rotor.

Specifically, the rotor includes a connecting ring and a support arm. The connecting ring is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft. The connecting ring is provided with a plurality of supporting arms arranged in a radial array along the connecting ring. Each of the stator cores is arranged in an array. The number is 2N, and the number of the arms is N.

Specifically, the stators or rotors of the three single-phase motor units are spaced apart from each other by a mechanical angle of 120/N.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. The rotor in the motor of the present invention only consists of connecting rings and supporting arms. The permanent magnets, armature windings and field windings are all placed in the stator. The strength of the rotor of the motor is significantly improved, and it can be suitable for high-speed working conditions;

2. By changing the size and direction of the energizing current in the DC excitation winding, the size and direction of the electric excitation flux induced by the excitation winding are changed, and then superimposed with the constant permanent magnet excitation flux, changing the total cross-link flux in the AC armature winding. the size of;

3. By changing the size of the total magnetic flux that intersects with the AC armature winding, the induced electromotive force of the motor changes accordingly, so that the motor can have high air gap flux density, high cross-link flux, high electromotive force, and high thrust density under low-speed conditions. Characteristics; under high-speed working conditions, it can have the characteristics of low air gap magnetic flux density, low cross-linkage magnetic flux, low electromotive force, and high speed limit.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the motor of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the layout of three single-phase motor units of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the single-phase motor unit of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the placement structure of the DC excitation winding of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the stator core of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the rotor structure of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the non-magnetic stator core fixed disk of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram A of the permanent magnet flux in the motor of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram B of the permanent magnet flux in the motor of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram A of the motor magnetization principle of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram B of the motor magnetization principle of the present invention;

In the picture: 1-motor housing, 2-shaft, 3-single-phase motor unit, 31-rotor, 311-connecting ring, 312-arm, 32-stator core, 321-first tooth, 322-second tooth , 323-first horizontal section, 324-vertical section, 325-second horizontal section, 33-non-magnetic stator core fixed plate, 34-DC excitation winding, 35-AC armature winding, 36-permanent magnet.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. That is, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the appended drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations are mutually exclusive. any such actual relationship or sequence exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or apparatus including a list of elements includes not only those elements but also those not expressly listed or other elements inherent to the process, method, article or equipment. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus including the stated element.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

As shown in Figures 1 to 11, a disk-type transverse flux reluctance motor includes a motor housing 1, a rotating shaft 2 and a single-phase motor unit 3. The three single-phase motor units 3 are coaxially arranged along the rotating shaft 2. The single-phase motor unit 3 includes a stator and a rotor 31. The stator includes a stator core 32, a permanent magnet 36, a DC excitation winding 34, an AC armature winding 35 and a non-magnetic stator core fixed disk 33. The non-magnetic stator core fixing plate 33 is fixed in the motor housing 1. A plurality of the stator cores 32 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 2 and fixed on the non-magnetic stator core fixing plate 33. The rotor 31 is fixed on On the rotating shaft 2, there is an air gap between the rotor 31 and the stator. The DC excitation winding 34 and the AC armature winding 35 are placed on multiple stator cores 32. The DC excitation winding 34 and the AC armature The winding 35 is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 2. The permanent magnet 36 is arranged on the end face of the stator core 32 facing the air gap. The plane of the main magnetic flux loop in the motor is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the rotor 31. The stator core 32 is eccentric. It is E-shaped and includes a first tooth 321, a second tooth 322, a first horizontal section 323, a second horizontal section 325 and a vertical section 324. One end of the first tooth 321 is connected to the first horizontal section. One end of the vertical section 323 is vertically connected, one end of the vertical section 324 is vertically connected to the other end of the first horizontal section 323, one end of the second horizontal section 325 is vertically connected to the other end of the vertical section 324, the One end of the second tooth 322 is vertically connected to one end of the second horizontal section 325. The first horizontal section 323, the vertical section 324 and the second horizontal section 325 form a Z-shaped structure; the first tooth 321, the first The horizontal section 323 and the vertical section 324 form an internal tooth groove on the inside; the second horizontal section 325 and the vertical section 324 form an external tooth groove on the outside. The adjacent stator cores 32 are arranged oppositely, and the stator is arranged in the forward direction. The first teeth 321 of the iron core 32 and the second teeth 322 of the stator core 32 arranged in the opposite direction are located on the same circle, and the second teeth 322 of the stator iron core 32 arranged in the forward direction and the first teeth 321 of the stator iron core 32 arranged in the opposite direction are are located on the same circumference; the two DC excitation windings 34 are respectively placed in the inner tooth slots of the stator core 32 arranged in the forward and reverse directions, and are limited by the outer tooth slots of the stator core 32. The AC armature winding 35 is placed on the second horizontal section 325 and is limited by the first teeth 321 and the second teeth 322. The rotor 31 includes a connecting ring 311 and an arm 312. The connecting ring 311 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 2. , the connecting ring 311 is provided with a plurality of supporting arms 312 arrayed along the radial direction of the connecting ring 311, the number of the stator cores 32 is 2N, and the number of the supporting arms 312 is N. In this embodiment, the three single-phase motor units 3 are phase A, phase B and phase C respectively. The non-magnetic stator core fixing plates 33 of the three single-phase motor units 3 are all fixed on the motor casing 1, and then the three The rotors 31 are fixed on the rotating shaft 2, and both ends of the rotating shaft 2 are connected to the motor housing 1 through bearings. The stator core 32 is an offset E-shaped structure, and its first teeth 321, second teeth 322 and vertical section 324 are parallel The first horizontal section 323 and the second horizontal section 325 are arranged in parallel, and the first teeth 321, the second teeth 322, the first horizontal section 323, the second horizontal section 325 and the vertical section 324 are all in the same plane. The first horizontal section 323 is arranged radially along the rotating shaft 2 , and the first teeth 321 and the second teeth 322 are perpendicular to the non-magnetic stator core fixed plate 33 , wherein the adjacent stator cores 32 are arranged oppositely, that is, the stator is arranged forward. The second tooth 322 of the iron core 32 is located at the inner radius of the motor, the first tooth 321 of the forwardly arranged stator core 32 is located at the outer radius of the motor, and the second tooth 322 of the reversely arranged stator core 32 is located at the outer radius of the motor. , the first teeth 321 of the reversely arranged stator core 32 are located at the inner radius of the motor, and the first teeth 321 of the forwardly arranged stator core 32 and the second teeth 322 of the reversely arranged stator core 32 are located on the same circle. On the top, the second teeth 322 of the stator core 32 arranged in the forward direction and the first teeth 321 of the stator core 32 arranged in the opposite direction are located on the same circumference. The vertical sections 324 of the core 32 are located on the same circumference, so that the two DC excitation windings 34 can be placed in the inner tooth slots of the forwardly placed stator core 32 and the reversely placed stator core 32. The DC excitation windings 34 At the same time, it will pass through the outer tooth slot, so that the outer tooth slot and the inner tooth slot can limit the axial position of the DC excitation winding 34. The diameters of the two DC excitation windings 34 are different, and the AC armature winding 35 is placed in the forward direction. On the second horizontal section 325 of the stator core 32 that is arranged and reversely arranged, the first teeth 321, the second teeth 322 and the second horizontal section 325 of the stator core 32 form a groove, and the AC armature winding 35 is placed in the groove. inside, and one end of the first tooth 321 and the second tooth 322 facing the air gap is provided with a limiting portion extending into the groove, so that it can cooperate with the second horizontal section 325 to limit the axial position of the AC armature winding 35. This In the embodiment, the permanent magnets 36 are arranged on the second teeth 322, and their number is 2N. The number of the arms 312 of the rotor 31 is N. N is a natural number greater than 1. N is also equal to the number of pole pairs of the motor. The magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets 36 in the motor are the same and parallel to the axis direction of the motor. Since the number of the supporting arms 312 of the rotor 31 in the motor is half of the stator core 32, when the supporting arms 312 and the stator core 32 are arranged in the forward direction, When aligned, the permanent magnetic flux generated by the excitation of the stator permanent magnet 36 in the motor sequentially flows through the second tooth 322, the second horizontal section 325, the vertical section 324, the first horizontal section 323, the first tooth 321 and the air gap before entering. The support arm 312 finally passes through the air gap and returns to the permanent magnet 36. As shown in Figure 8, at the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 36 and the relative position of the stator and rotor, the permanent magnet flux intersects with the AC armature winding 35 in the clockwise direction. chain; when the support arm 312 is aligned with the oppositely placed stator core 32, the permanent magnetic flux generated by the excitation of the stator permanent magnet 36 in the motor flows through the second tooth 322, the second horizontal section 325, the vertical section 324, The first horizontal section 323, the first tooth 321 and the air gap enter the support arm 312, and finally return to the permanent magnet 36 through the air gap. As shown in Figure 9, the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 36 is at the relative position of the stator and rotor. The permanent magnetic flux interlinks with the AC armature winding 35 in the counterclockwise direction. It can be seen that the plane where the main flux loop in the motor is located is perpendicular to the direction of motor movement, which means that the motor belongs to the category of transverse flux motor. Further, as the motor rotor 31 continues to rotate, the support arm 312 is aligned with the stator core 32 placed in the forward direction and the stator core 32 placed in the reverse direction, that is, the flux linkage in the AC armature winding 35 will alternate between positive and negative changes. After an appropriate AC current is passed through, a continuous electromagnetic torque can be generated. When a DC current is passed through the DC excitation winding 34, a magnetic flux interlinked with the AC armature winding 35 will be generated. This magnetic flux will interact with the permanent magnet excitation flux. The superposition constitutes the total magnetic flux of the cross-linked AC armature winding 35 . As shown in Figure 10, the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the DC excitation winding 34 is consistent with the direction of the excitation flux of the permanent magnet 36, and the total magnetic flux of the AC armature winding 35 is enhanced; as shown in Figure 11, the magnetic flux generated by the DC excitation winding 34 The direction is opposite to the direction of the excitation magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 36, and the total magnetic flux of the AC armature winding 35 is weakened. It can be seen that through the unique motor structural design, the disc transverse flux reluctance motor of the present invention has the ability to adjust motor parameters such as magnetic flux, back electromotive force, and torque through the DC excitation winding. The present invention fully combines the axial The characteristics of flux motors, disc motors, reluctance motors and hybrid excitation motors provide the disc transverse flux motor with the ability to adjust the armature flux as needed, improve the motor's field weakening speed regulation capability, and maximize the The transverse flux motor has the advantages of high torque density and high power density while significantly increasing the upper speed limit of the motor, effectively expanding the applicability of the transverse flux motor in wide speed range motor systems such as electric traction, spindle drive, and wind power generation.

Furthermore, the non-magnetic stator core fixing plate 33 is provided with a plurality of slots 331 in a radial array, and the stator core 32 is partially placed in the slots 331 . In this embodiment, the stator core 32 can be installed with a limited position by placing the first horizontal section 323 of the stator core 32 in the slot 331. The fixing method of the stator core 32 and the slot 331 of the non-magnetic stator core fixing plate 33 is Including but not limited to metal welding, epoxy adhesive bonding, and fixation through auxiliary pressure plates and fastening screws riveting.

Furthermore, the air gap distance between the end surface of the second tooth 322 and the rotor 31 is greater than the air gap distance between the end surface of the first tooth 321 and the rotor 31 , and the permanent magnet 36 is fixed on the second tooth 322 On the end surface of the first tooth 321 , the air gap distance between the permanent magnet 36 and the rotor 31 is equal to the air gap distance between the end surface of the first tooth 321 and the rotor 31 . In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 36 is installed on the end surface of the second tooth 322 to form a uniform and equal-height motor air gap.

Furthermore, the stators or rotors 31 of the three single-phase motor units 3 are spaced apart from each other by a mechanical angle of 120/N.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any person familiar with the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention using the above technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. . Therefore, any changes, modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technology of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A disc type transverse flux reluctance motor, characterized in that: the motor comprises a motor housing (1), a rotating shaft (2) and single-phase motor units (3), wherein three single-phase motor units (3) are coaxially arranged along the rotating shaft (2), each single-phase motor unit (3) comprises a stator and a rotor (31), each stator comprises a stator core (32), a permanent magnet (36), a direct current excitation winding (34), an alternating current armature winding (35) and a non-magnetic-conductive stator core fixing disc (33), the non-magnetic-conductive stator core fixing disc (33) is fixed in the motor housing (1), a plurality of stator cores (32) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft (2) and are fixed on the non-magnetic-conductive stator core fixing disc (33), each rotor (31) is fixed on the rotating shaft (2), an air gap is formed between each rotor (31) and each stator, each direct current excitation winding (34) and each alternating current armature winding (35) are placed on a plurality of the stator cores (32), each direct current armature winding (34) and each alternating current armature winding (35) are coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (2), and each permanent magnet (36) is arranged on the end face of the stator cores (32) in a magnetic flux loop in the direction perpendicular to the motion plane of the stator cores (31; the stator core (32) is in an offset E shape and comprises a first tooth (321), a second tooth (322), a first horizontal section (323), a second horizontal section (325) and a vertical section (324), one end of the first tooth (321) is vertically connected with one end of the first horizontal section (323), one end of the vertical section (324) is vertically connected with the other end of the first horizontal section (323), one end of the second horizontal section (325) is vertically connected with the other end of the vertical section (324), one end of the second tooth (322) is vertically connected with one end of the second horizontal section (325), and the first horizontal section (323), the vertical section (324) and the second horizontal section (325) form a Z-shaped structure; the first teeth (321), the first horizontal section (323) and the vertical section (324) form an inner tooth socket on the inner side; the second horizontal section (325) and the vertical section (324) form an outer tooth socket on the outer side, the adjacent stator cores (32) are oppositely arranged, the first teeth (321) of the stator cores (32) which are arranged in the forward direction and the second teeth (322) of the stator cores (32) which are arranged in the reverse direction are positioned on the same circumference, and the second teeth (322) of the stator cores (32) which are arranged in the forward direction and the first teeth (321) of the stator cores (32) which are arranged in the reverse direction are positioned on the same circumference; the two direct current excitation windings (34) are respectively placed in the inner tooth grooves of the stator core (32) which are arranged in the forward direction and the reverse direction, the limit is carried out through the outer tooth grooves of the stator core (32), and the alternating current armature winding (35) is placed on the second horizontal section (325) and is limited through the first tooth (321) and the second tooth (322).

2. A disc transverse flux reluctance machine according to claim 1, wherein: the non-magnetic stator core fixing disc (33) is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves (331) in a radial array, and the stator core (32) is partially arranged in the clamping grooves (331).

3. A disc transverse flux reluctance machine according to claim 2, wherein: the air gap distance between the end face of the second tooth (322) and the rotor (31) is larger than the air gap distance between the end face of the first tooth (321) and the rotor (31), the permanent magnet (36) is fixed on the end face of the second tooth (322), and the air gap distance between the permanent magnet (36) and the rotor (31) is equal to the air gap distance between the end face of the first tooth (321) and the rotor (31).

4. A disc transverse flux reluctance machine according to claim 1, wherein: the rotor (31) comprises a connecting ring (311) and support arms (312), the connecting ring (311) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft (2), a plurality of support arms (312) which are arranged along the radial array of the connecting ring (311) are arranged on the connecting ring (311) in an array mode, the number of the stator cores (32) is 2N, and the number of the support arms (312) is N.

5. A disc transverse flux reluctance machine according to claim 4, wherein: the stators or rotors (31) of the three single-phase motor units (3) are spaced apart from each other by a mechanical angle of 120/N.