CN117376643A - Self-adaptive code rate system and method based on M3U8 streaming media format - Google Patents
Self-adaptive code rate system and method based on M3U8 streaming media format Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
- H04N21/440281—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display by altering the temporal resolution, e.g. by frame skipping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
- H04N21/440218—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44227—Monitoring of local network, e.g. connection or bandwidth variations; Detecting new devices in the local network
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of streaming media file playing, in particular to a self-adaptive code rate system and a method based on an M3U8 streaming media format, wherein the system consists of a customized self-adaptive code rate template module, a submitted transcoding task module, a processing transcoding task module and a self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module; the beneficial effects are as follows: the self-adaptive code rate system and method based on the M3U8 streaming media format provided by the invention are used for customizing and configuring a multi-resolution template which accords with the actual network bandwidth condition of a user, carrying out unified transcoding on the multi-resolution module and providing an index file M3U8 supporting multi-resolution playing. The playing end can select the most suitable version according to the performance of the playing end and the network environment when playing, and select the TS media fragment file with the most smooth playing and most suitable resolution according to the network condition to play in real time, so that the effects of no perception and no jump of the user for switching the resolution are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of streaming media file playing, in particular to a self-adaptive code rate system and method based on an M3U8 streaming media format.
Background
With the rapid progress of network video technology and multimedia technology, network multimedia technology is increasingly widely used, and streaming media communication is becoming more common in network video multimedia applications, and has become a research hotspot. Streaming media communication services require that existing network video can provide good quality of service guarantees for streaming media information.
In the prior art, there are various players, such as MediaPlayer, KMPlayer, ijkplayer, etc., which are almost perfect for playing file media, in which multimedia technology is continuously developed. Along with the advent of the 5G age, support for how to continue to provide stable, high quality multimedia file playback needs under diverse network conditions has presented a greater challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive code rate system and a method based on an M3U8 streaming media format, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an adaptive code rate system based on an M3U8 streaming media format comprises a customized adaptive code rate template module, a submitted transcoding task module, a processing transcoding task module and an adaptive file acceleration distribution module;
the self-adaptive code rate template module is customized, the corresponding relation between the bandwidth and the resolution is configured, the corresponding relation between the CDN acceleration domain name and the bandwidth and the resolution is configured, and definition and display of different resolutions, code rates and play acceleration domain names are provided;
submitting a transcoding task module, designating an adaptive code rate template and a video source, generating a transcoding task, and simultaneously setting whether CDN accelerated delivery is carried out on an output file of the transcoding task;
the transcoding task processing module analyzes the video source and the adaptive code rate template to perform transcoding according to the content of the transcoding task, and transmits an output, and after the transcoding is completed, the adaptive file acceleration distribution module is notified to perform CDN acceleration distribution;
and the self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module is used for caching TS fragments with different resolutions and code rates onto a designated CDN acceleration domain name caching node by combining the content defined by the self-adaptive code rate template so as to facilitate the players used by users in different regions to automatically switch the optimal resolution to play according to the network conditions.
Preferably, the adaptive code rate template module has three elements: the code rate, the resolution and the CDN acceleration domain name form various combinations, the video publisher configures according to the needs of the video publisher, wherein the code rate and the resolution determine m3u8 indexes and corresponding TS fragments output by a transcoding task module, and the CDN acceleration domain name element determines which m3u8 index file and corresponding TS fragments need to be cached on edge nodes supported by which domain name.
Preferably, the transcoding task submitting module determines one or more video sources, and generates a transcoding task to be executed by adopting a certain adaptive code rate template, wherein one video source plus one adaptive code rate template is a transcoding task, and the transcoding task generated by the transcoding task submitting module is executed by the transcoding task processing module.
Preferably, the transcoding task processing module is divided into three small modules: the system comprises a transcoding task distribution module, a transcoding task execution module and a transcoding task reporting module, wherein three small modules manage the whole life cycle from finding a task to be transcoded to performing transcoding to updating the state of the transcoding task.
Preferably, the transcoding task distribution module is a distributed timing task, and the timing task is detected to be a non-executed transcoding task, and submitted to the transcoding task execution module, and how to select a proper transcoding task executor is a mode of randomly disturbing the sequence of the set of transcoding task executors, and then sequentially requesting whether the transcoding task executor is idle until an idle executor is found.
Preferably, the transcoding task execution module transcodes the video source into a core module of a multi-code-rate self-adaptive file, and after transcoding is completed, the transcoding task reporting module is called to change the state of the transcoding task and perform subsequent processing of the multi-code-rate self-adaptive file, wherein the multi-code-rate self-adaptive file comprises three types of files: top level m3u8 index file, second level m3u8 file, TS slice file; when playing the top m3u8 file, the client selects a stream with high code rate, and when the code rate is not reached, the client requests a stream with low code rate.
Preferably, the adaptive file acceleration distribution module caches the multi-rate adaptive file under one or more domain names in a manner of requesting CDN services.
An adaptive code rate method based on an M3U8 streaming media format, the method comprising the steps of:
step one: the self-adaptive code rate template is customized by customizing the self-adaptive code rate template module, configuring the corresponding relation between the bandwidth and the resolution, configuring the corresponding relation between the CDN acceleration domain name and the bandwidth and the resolution;
step two: selecting a video and self-adaptive code rate template by submitting a transcoding task module, and submitting a transcoding task;
step three: a transcoding task distribution module in the transcoding task processing module starts a timing task to distribute a transcoding request, and distributes the transcoding request and the transcoding parameters to a transcoding task execution module;
step four: a transcoding task execution module in the transcoding task processing module receives a transcoding request of a certain video, transcodes a multi-code-rate self-adaptive file according to a self-adaptive code rate template, and notifies a transcoding result to a transcoding task reporting module;
step five: a transcoding task reporting module in the transcoding task processing module receives the transcoding result, updates the transcoding result, uploads a multi-code rate self-adaptive file to the object storage, and notifies the self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module;
step six: the adaptive file acceleration distribution module firstly checks whether an immediate CDN cache is started, and if the immediate CDN cache is started, the CDN service is given an instruction of the CDN acceleration cache.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the self-adaptive code rate system and method based on the M3U8 streaming media format provided by the invention are used for customizing and configuring a multi-resolution template which accords with the actual network bandwidth condition of a user, carrying out unified transcoding on the multi-resolution module and providing an index file M3U8 supporting multi-resolution playing. The playing end can select the most suitable version according to the performance of the playing end and the network environment when playing, and select the TS media fragment file with the most smooth playing and most suitable resolution according to the network condition to play in real time, so that the effects of no perception and no jump of the user for switching the resolution are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: an adaptive code rate system based on an M3U8 streaming media format comprises a customized adaptive code rate template module, a submitted transcoding task module, a processing transcoding task module and an adaptive file acceleration distribution module;
the four modules can provide the player with self-adaptive code rate playing experience based on the regional and network conditions, and provide the video publisher with a self-adaptive code rate technical implementation scheme based on the M3U8 streaming media format. The functions mainly responsible for each module are as follows:
customizing the self-adaptive code rate template module: the corresponding relation between the bandwidth and the resolution is configured, the corresponding relation between the CDN acceleration domain name and the bandwidth and the resolution is configured, and definition and display of different resolutions, code rates and the playing acceleration domain name in many-to-many mode are provided.
Submitting a transcoding task module: an adaptive code rate template and a video source are designated, a transcoding task is generated, and meanwhile, whether CDN accelerated delivery is carried out on the transcoding task output file can be set.
And a transcoding task processing module: and according to the transcoding task content, analyzing the video source and the adaptive code rate template to perform transcoding and uploading the output, and notifying the adaptive file acceleration distribution module to perform CDN acceleration distribution after the transcoding is completed.
The self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module: and combining the content defined by the self-adaptive code rate template, and caching TS fragments with different resolutions and code rates onto a designated CDN acceleration domain name caching node so as to facilitate the players used by users in different regions to automatically combine the network conditions of the players to switch the optimal resolution for playing.
These four modules are described in detail with reference to the figure:
1) Customizing the self-adaptive code rate template module: the module has three elements: the code rate, the resolution and the CDN acceleration domain name can form various combinations, and the video publisher can configure according to own needs, wherein the code rate and the resolution determine the m3u8 index output by the transcoding task module and the corresponding TS fragments, and the CDN acceleration domain name element determines which m3u8 index file and the corresponding TS fragments need to be cached on the edge nodes supported by which domain name.
a) The resolution of common standards is: SD, HD, FHD, 2K, 4K, of course the video publisher can also customize the width and height of the resolution.
b) The code rate, also called bit rate, represents the number of bits transmitted per unit time, and generally we use the unit kbps, i.e. kilobits per second. The larger the code rate in unit time, the higher the precision, and the closer the processed file is to the original file.
c) Common resolution and code rate lookup tables are as follows:
i. resolution 640x480 code rate 768-1024kbps;
resolution 1280x720 (720 p) code rate 2048-3072kbps;
resolution 1920x1080 (1080 p) code rate 5120-8192kbps.
d) Under the condition that the resolution and the code rate are consistent in the same source video, the m3u8 index file and the TS file distributed to different CDN cache nodes are the same source.
e) The code rate range and the resolution can form various combinations, which belong to many-to-many relations, and the CDN accelerates domain names and certain code rate range and resolution combinations can also form various combinations, which also belong to many-to-many relations, for example:
i.test1.cdn.com (SD+768-1024kbps)
ii.test1.cdn.com (HD+2048-3072kbps)
iii.test2.cdn.com (SD+768-1024kbps)
iv.test2.cdn.com (HD+2048-3072kbps)
2) And submitting a transcoding task module, namely designating one or more video sources, generating a transcoding task to be executed by adopting a certain adaptive code rate template, wherein one video source and one adaptive code rate template are one transcoding task, and the transcoding task generated by the module is executed by a transcoding task processing module.
3) And a transcoding task processing module: the module is divided into three small modules: the three small modules manage the whole life cycle from finding the task to be transcoded to the transcoding execution to the state update of the transcoding task, and are described in more detail below:
a) Transcoding task distribution module: the module is a distributed timing task, and can detect the transcoding task with the non-executed state at fixed time and submit the timing task to the transcoding task execution module (also called a transcoding task executor). The method for selecting the proper transcoding task executor is that the sequence of the set of the transcoding task executors is randomly disordered, and then whether the transcoding task executor is idle or not is sequentially requested until an idle executor is found.
b) The transcoding task execution module: the module is a core module for transcoding the video source into the multi-code rate self-adaptive file, and after the transcoding is completed, the transcoding task reporting module is called to change the state of the transcoding task and perform subsequent processing of the multi-code rate self-adaptive file. The multi-code rate self-adaptive file comprises three types of files: top level m3u8 index file, second level m3u8 file, TS slice file. When playing the top m3u8 file, the client selects a stream with high code rate, and when the code rate is not reached, the client requests a stream with low code rate.
i. The top m3u8 index file stores a self-adaptive secondary m3u8 file list, and informs the playing end how to select a proper secondary m3u8 file for playing by adopting a mode of specifying the secondary m3u8 file through bandwidth, and the format is as follows:
#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH＝700
180 p/video name_resolution_code rate m3u8
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH＝1024
/360 p/video name_resolution_code rate.m3u8
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH＝3072
480 p/video name_resolution_code rate.m3u8
And ii, a TS slice file access address list corresponding to the code rate and resolution specification stored in the secondary m3u8 file defines the duration of each file TS file.
in addition, when transcoding of all specified code rate and resolution specifications, TS slice duration is consistent, which ensures no perception and no jump when switching code rates.
c) Transcoding task reporting module: the module is responsible for uploading the multi-code rate self-adaptive file to the object storage, updating the transcoding task state to be completed, and informing the self-adaptive file acceleration and distribution module to carry out CDN acceleration caching.
4) The self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module: the module caches the multi-rate adaptive file under one or more domain names by requesting CDN services.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, an adaptive code rate method based on an M3U8 streaming media format is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the self-adaptive code rate template is customized by customizing the self-adaptive code rate template module, configuring the corresponding relation between the bandwidth and the resolution, configuring the corresponding relation between the CDN acceleration domain name and the bandwidth and the resolution;
step two: selecting a video and self-adaptive code rate template by submitting a transcoding task module, and submitting a transcoding task;
step three: a transcoding task distribution module in the transcoding task processing module starts a timing task to distribute a transcoding request, and distributes the transcoding request and the transcoding parameters to a transcoding task execution module;
step four: a transcoding task execution module in the transcoding task processing module receives a transcoding request of a certain video, transcodes a multi-code-rate self-adaptive file according to a self-adaptive code rate template, and notifies a transcoding result to a transcoding task reporting module;
step five: a transcoding task reporting module in the transcoding task processing module receives the transcoding result, updates the transcoding result, uploads a multi-code rate self-adaptive file to the object storage, and notifies the self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module;
step six: the adaptive file acceleration distribution module firstly checks whether an immediate CDN cache is started, and if the immediate CDN cache is started, the CDN service is given an instruction of the CDN acceleration cache.
And improving the user experience of the user for watching the streaming media file. The code rate may be adaptively adjusted according to the network bandwidth. Allowing the server to store a plurality of multimedia streams of different code rates for the same program content. The client can realize uninterrupted play by reducing the code rate. The client can adaptively adjust the code rate of the multimedia stream to be downloaded according to the actual network downloading speed, and when the network bandwidth is tense, the terminal can realize uninterrupted play by reducing the code rate
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An adaptive code rate system based on an M3U8 streaming media format is characterized in that: the system comprises a customized self-adaptive code rate template module, a submitted transcoding task module, a transcoding task processing module and a self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module;
the self-adaptive code rate template module is customized, the corresponding relation between the bandwidth and the resolution is configured, the corresponding relation between the CDN acceleration domain name and the bandwidth and the resolution is configured, and definition and display of different resolutions, code rates and play acceleration domain names are provided;
submitting a transcoding task module, designating an adaptive code rate template and a video source, generating a transcoding task, and simultaneously setting whether CDN accelerated delivery is carried out on an output file of the transcoding task;
the transcoding task processing module analyzes the video source and the adaptive code rate template to perform transcoding according to the content of the transcoding task, and transmits an output, and after the transcoding is completed, the adaptive file acceleration distribution module is notified to perform CDN acceleration distribution;
and the self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module is used for caching TS fragments with different resolutions and code rates onto a designated CDN acceleration domain name caching node by combining the content defined by the self-adaptive code rate template so as to facilitate the players used by users in different regions to automatically switch the optimal resolution to play according to the network conditions.
2. The adaptive bitrate system based on the M3U8 streaming media format of claim 1, wherein: the adaptive code rate template module has three elements: the code rate, the resolution and the CDN acceleration domain name form various combinations, the video publisher configures according to the needs of the video publisher, wherein the code rate and the resolution determine m3u8 indexes and corresponding TS fragments output by a transcoding task module, and the CDN acceleration domain name element determines which m3u8 index file and corresponding TS fragments need to be cached on edge nodes supported by which domain name.
3. The adaptive bitrate system based on the M3U8 streaming media format of claim 1, wherein: and submitting the transcoding task module, determining one or more video sources, generating a transcoding task to be executed by adopting a certain adaptive code rate template, wherein one video source and one adaptive code rate template are one transcoding task, and the transcoding task generated by submitting the transcoding task module is executed by the transcoding task processing module.
4. The adaptive bitrate system based on the M3U8 streaming media format of claim 1, wherein: the transcoding task processing module is divided into three small modules: the system comprises a transcoding task distribution module, a transcoding task execution module and a transcoding task reporting module, wherein three small modules manage the whole life cycle from finding a task to be transcoded to performing transcoding to updating the state of the transcoding task.
5. The adaptive bitrate system based on the M3U8 streaming media format of claim 4, wherein: the transcoding task distribution module is a distributed timing task, and can detect the transcoding task with the unexecuted state at fixed time, submit the timing task to the transcoding task execution module, and select a proper transcoding task executor by randomly disturbing the sequence of the set of transcoding task executors, and then sequentially request whether the transcoding task executor is idle until an idle executor is found.
6. The adaptive bitrate system based on the M3U8 streaming media format of claim 4, wherein: the transcoding task execution module transcodes the video source into a core module of a multi-code-rate self-adaptive file, and after transcoding is completed, the transcoding task reporting module is called to change the state of the transcoding task and perform subsequent processing of the multi-code-rate self-adaptive file, wherein the multi-code-rate self-adaptive file comprises three types of files: top level m3u8 index file, second level m3u8 file, TS slice file; when playing the top m3u8 file, the client selects a stream with high code rate, and when the code rate is not reached, the client requests a stream with low code rate.
7. The adaptive bitrate system based on the M3U8 streaming media format of claim 4, wherein: the adaptive file acceleration distribution module caches the multi-rate adaptive file under one or more domain names in a manner of requesting CDN service.
8. An adaptive bitrate method based on M3U8 streaming media format of an adaptive bitrate system based on M3U8 streaming media format according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the self-adaptive code rate template is customized by customizing the self-adaptive code rate template module, configuring the corresponding relation between the bandwidth and the resolution, configuring the corresponding relation between the CDN acceleration domain name and the bandwidth and the resolution;
step two: selecting a video and self-adaptive code rate template by submitting a transcoding task module, and submitting a transcoding task;
step three: a transcoding task distribution module in the transcoding task processing module starts a timing task to distribute a transcoding request, and distributes the transcoding request and the transcoding parameters to a transcoding task execution module;
step four: a transcoding task execution module in the transcoding task processing module receives a transcoding request of a certain video, transcodes a multi-code-rate self-adaptive file according to a self-adaptive code rate template, and notifies a transcoding result to a transcoding task reporting module;
step five: a transcoding task reporting module in the transcoding task processing module receives the transcoding result, updates the transcoding result, uploads a multi-code rate self-adaptive file to the object storage, and notifies the self-adaptive file acceleration distribution module;
step six: the adaptive file acceleration distribution module firstly checks whether an immediate CDN cache is started, and if the immediate CDN cache is started, the CDN service is given an instruction of the CDN acceleration cache.
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