CN117369044B - A low-loss, high-nonlinear, high-Brillouin gain photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents
A low-loss, high-nonlinear, high-Brillouin gain photonic crystal fiber Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低损耗高非线性高布里渊增益的光子晶体光纤，属于光纤通信和传感技术领域，所述光子晶体光纤的内部设置有第一空气孔点阵；所述第一空气孔点阵设置有4层呈正六边形均布的第一类空气孔；所述第一空气孔点阵的中心设置有第二空气孔点阵；位于所述第一空气孔点阵与所述第二空气孔点阵的重合区域不设置所述第一类空气孔；所述第二空气孔点阵对称设置有两个第二类空气孔、两个第三类空气孔、四个第四类空气孔和两个第五类空气孔；与现有技术相比，本申请的光纤的高非线性和高布里渊增益特性有利于提升散射信号的检测精度，其低损耗的特性有利于信号的长距离传播，非常适合应用在基于布里渊散射的分布式传感系统中实现传感的功能。
The invention discloses a photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain, which belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication and sensing. The photonic crystal fiber is provided with a first air hole lattice inside; the first air hole lattice is provided inside the photonic crystal fiber; The air hole lattice is provided with 4 layers of first-type air holes uniformly distributed in a regular hexagonal shape; a second air hole lattice is provided in the center of the first air hole lattice; between the first air hole lattice and The first type of air holes are not provided in the overlapping area of the second air hole lattice; the second type of air hole lattice is symmetrically provided with two second type air holes, two third type air holes, four Type 4 air holes and two Type 5 air holes; compared with the existing technology, the high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain characteristics of the optical fiber of this application are conducive to improving the detection accuracy of scattered signals, and its low loss characteristics It is conducive to long-distance propagation of signals and is very suitable for application in distributed sensing systems based on Brillouin scattering to achieve sensing functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication and sensing, in particular to a photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on the Brillouin scattering can realize long-distance, large-dynamic and high-precision continuous detection of the temperature and the strain of the optical fiber along the line, and has remarkable technical advantages and good technical prospects in the aspects of structural damage detection and accident early warning of oil gas conveying pipelines, high-voltage power grids, ship aviation and high-rise buildings. In order to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of accident detection and early warning, an optical fiber with high nonlinearity and high brillouin gain is required to be used as a sensing optical fiber of a distributed optical fiber sensing measurement system based on brillouin scattering. However, most of the current sensing and measuring systems still adopt traditional solid optical fibers, nonlinear effects in the optical fibers are weak, and the Brillouin gain is not high, so that the measuring accuracy of the system is not high, and accident early warning is not timely. In addition, the existing optical fiber has overlarge restrictive loss, which is unfavorable for long-distance signal transmission. Optical fibers have become an obstacle to the development of such sensing measurement systems, so it is highly necessary to design new optical fibers with low loss, high nonlinearity, and high brillouin gain.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain, the transmission loss of the fiber is reduced by the low-loss characteristic of the photonic crystal fiber, the measurement precision of a distributed Brillouin scattering sensing system is improved by the high nonlinearity and the high Brillouin gain characteristic of the photonic crystal fiber, and the accident monitoring sensing capability is improved.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain, wherein a first air hole lattice is arranged in the photonic crystal fiber; the first air hole lattice is provided with 4 layers of first air holes uniformly distributed in a regular hexagon; a second air hole lattice is arranged in the center of the first air hole lattice; the first air holes are not arranged in the overlapping area of the first air hole lattice and the second air hole lattice;
the second air hole lattice is symmetrically provided with two second air holes, two third air holes, four fourth air holes and two fifth air holes; wherein the second type of air holes are the same as the third type of air holes;
the second air hole lattice is provided with two fourth air holes between the two second air holes and between the third air holes; the second air hole lattice is provided with a fifth air hole in the surrounding areas of the first air hole lattice, the second air holes and the first air hole lattice;
the photonic crystal fiber is provided with a third air hole lattice outside the first air hole lattice; a row of sixth air holes are respectively formed in one side, close to the two second air holes, of the third air hole lattice and one side, close to the two third air holes;
the first air hole lattice, the second air hole lattice and the third air hole lattice are integrally and axisymmetrically distributed in the photonic crystal fiber.
In some embodiments, the first, second, third, and fourth air holes are all circular in cross-section; the cross section of the fifth air hole is elliptical; the cross section of the sixth air hole is round or elliptical.
In some embodiments, the sixth air holes are elliptical in cross-section; the short axis length of the sixth air holes is 0.6-0.9 times of the long axis length.
In some embodiments, the long axis a2 of the sixth air holes is 0.8 to the outsideThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The short axis b2 of the sixth air hole is 0.48 to->。
In some embodiments, the first type of air holes have a diameter d1 of 0.6 to the outsideThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The center distance L3 of the first air holes is +.>。
In some embodiments, the diameters d2 of the second and third air holes areThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter d3 of the fourth type air hole is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second type of air holesThe distance L1 between the air holes and the distance L1 between the air holes of the third type are all +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The vertical distance L2 between the adjacent second air holes and the adjacent third air holes isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal distance L5 of the four air holes is +.>The vertical distance L4 is +.>。
In some embodiments, the center horizontal distance L6 of the fifth type of air holes isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The short axis length of the fifth air holes is 0.72 times of the long axis length, and the long axis length a1 of the fifth air holes is +.>The short axis length b1 of the fifth type of air holes is +.>。
In some embodiments, the photonic crystal fiber has a refractive index of 1.444 and an acoustic velocity of 5972Density is 2203%>Is composed of silica.
In some embodiments, the photonic crystal fiber has a cross-sectional diameter D of 13 to 14。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is characterized in thatPhotonic crystal fiber with incident wavelength of 1.55When the nonlinear coefficient of the optical fiber is improved by about 2 times compared with the existing high nonlinear optical fiber, the limiting loss is reduced by about 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the existing low-loss optical fiber, the Brillouin gain coefficient is improved by about 2 times, and the method is beneficial to greatly improving the accuracy of a sensing system and reducing the long-distance transmission loss.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a photonic crystal fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic dimensional representation of a photonic crystal fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an electric field pattern diagram of a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 3 (a) is an X polarization direction and FIG. 3 (b) is a Y polarization direction;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a sound field distribution pattern of the photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention, wherein FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b), 4 (c), 4 (d), and 4 (e) are sound field modes of the fundamental mode of the sound field corresponding to the characteristic frequencies 2849.9Mhz, 4425.4Mhz, 6158.1Mhz, 6524.1Mhz, 11647Mhz, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph of nonlinear coefficient versus wavelength for a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 5 (a) is the X polarization direction and FIG. 5 (b) is the Y polarization direction;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the limiting loss versus wavelength for a photonic crystal fiber of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6 (a) is the X polarization direction and FIG. 6 (b) is the Y polarization direction;
fig. 7 is a brillouin scattering gain spectrum of the photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention, in which fig. 7 (a) is an X polarization direction and fig. 7 (b) is a Y polarization direction.
The optical fiber comprises a first type air hole, a second type air hole, a third type air hole, a fourth type air hole, a fifth type air hole, a sixth type air hole and a 7-photonic crystal optical fiber, wherein the first type air hole, the second type air hole, the third type air hole, the fourth type air hole, the fifth type air hole, the sixth type air hole and the 7-photonic crystal optical fiber are respectively arranged in the first type air hole, the second type air hole, the third type air hole, the fourth type air hole, the fifth type air hole, the 6-sixth type air hole and the 7-photonic crystal optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
A photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain, wherein a first air hole lattice is arranged in the photonic crystal fiber 7; the first air hole lattice is provided with 4 layers of first air holes 1 which are uniformly distributed in a regular hexagon; a second air hole lattice is arranged in the center of the first air hole lattice; the first air holes 1 are not arranged in the overlapping area of the first air hole lattice and the second air hole lattice;
the second air hole lattice is symmetrically provided with two second air holes 2, two third air holes 3, four fourth air holes 4 and two fifth air holes 5; wherein the second type of air holes 2 are identical to the third type of air holes 3;
the second air hole lattice is provided with two fourth air holes 4 between the two second air holes 2 and between the third air holes 3; the second air hole lattice is provided with a fifth air hole 5 in the surrounding areas of the first air hole lattice, the second air holes 2 and the first air hole lattice;
the photonic crystal fiber 7 is provided with a third air hole lattice outside the first air hole lattice; a row of sixth air holes 6 are respectively arranged on one side of the third air hole lattice, which is close to the two second air holes 2, and one side of the two third air holes 3;
the first air hole lattice, the second air hole lattice and the third air hole lattice are integrally and axisymmetrically distributed in the photonic crystal fiber 7. The symmetrical air hole structure can better reduce the refractive index of the cladding, form a refractive index difference and further reduce loss.
In some embodiments, the cross sections of the first air holes 1, the second air holes 2, the third air holes 3 and the fourth air holes 4 are all round; the cross section of the fifth air holes 5 is elliptical; the cross section of the sixth air holes 6 is circular or elliptical. The refractive index difference of the fiber core and the cladding can be better regulated by adding the sixth type of air holes, and the structure of the sixth type of air holes can be changed into a round shape or an oval shape according to the set refractive index difference.
In some embodiments, the cross-section of the sixth type of air holes 6 is elliptical; the short axis length of the sixth air holes 6 is 0.6-0.9 times of the long axis length; wherein the long axis a2 of the sixth air holes 6 is 0.8 to the wholeThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The short axis b2 of the sixth air hole 6 is 0.48 to ∈0->. The ratio of the sixth type of air holes can be changed to freely set the refractive index difference between the cladding and the fiber core, and the lowest nonlinear loss is obtained when the multiple is 0.67 times.
In some embodiments, the diameter d1 of the first type air holes 1 is 0.6 to the outsideThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The circle center distance L3 of the first air holes 1 is +.>。
In some embodiments, the second type air holes 2 are straight with the third type air holes 3Diameter d2 isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter d3 of the fourth air holes 4 is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance L1 between the second type air holes 2 and the distance L1 between the third type air holes 3 are all +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The vertical distance L2 between the adjacent second air holes 2 and third air holes 3 is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal distance L5 of the four air holes is +.>The vertical distance L4 is +.>。
In some embodiments, the center horizontal distance L6 of the fifth air holes 5 isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The short axis length of the fifth air holes 5 is 0.72 times of the long axis length, and the long axis length a1 of the fifth air holes 5 is +.>The short axis length b1 of the fifth type air holes 5 is +.>。
In some embodiments, the photonic crystal fiber has a cross-sectional diameter D of 13 to 14。
In some embodiments, the photonic crystal fiber 7 is formed from a material having a refractive index of 1.444 and an acoustic velocity of 5972Density is 2203%>Is composed of silica.
The invention adopts the two types, three types and four types of circular air holes to surround the near-circular fiber core, which is beneficial to improving the sound field performance of the optical fiber, thereby obtaining larger Brillouin gain. The sixth elliptical air hole can effectively reduce the refractive index of the optical fiber cladding, increase the refractive index difference between the cladding and the fiber core, and is beneficial to reducing non-limiting loss.
In order to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the photonic crystal fiber, the air hole in the optical fiber is round or elliptical with lower flatness, and the optical fiber can be manufactured by a die extrusion method. Compared with the binding wiredrawing method, the die extrusion method can improve the manufacturing efficiency and is convenient for mass production.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 2, silica is used as the bulk material, and has a refractive index of 1.444 and an acoustic velocity of 5972Density is 2203%>. The inside of the body structure is provided with an air hole structure with air filled up and down symmetrically, the refractive index is 1, and the sound velocity is 340 +.>The density is 1.29->. The cross-sectional diameter D of the body of the photonic crystal fiber 7 is 13 +.>Major axis a2 and minor axis b2 of the large elliptical air holes (sixth type air holes 6) at the top and bottom of the interior are +.>And->The center distance L3 is->. The center of the regular hexagonal lattice is formed by three layers of circular air holes (first air holes 1) with the numbers of 30, 24 and 18 respectively, the top end and the bottom end inside the regular hexagonal lattice are formed by 6 circular air holes (first air holes 1) which are symmetrical up and down, and the diameter d1 of the circular air holes (first air holes 1) is->The center distance L3 is->. The long axis length a1 of the two small elliptic air holes (the fifth air hole 5) at the left end and the right end is +.>The short axis length b1 isThe center distance L6 is->. D2 of the large circular air hole diameter (second type air hole 2 and third type air hole 3) at the fiber core is +.>The circle center horizontal distance L1 is->The vertical distance L2 is +.>. The diameter d3 of the inner small round air hole (fourth air hole 4) is +.>The circle center horizontal distance L5 is +.>The vertical distance L4 is +.>The best performance will be achieved.
As shown in fig. 3 (a-b), the photonic crystal fiber has a single optical mode, and energy is mainly distributed in a fiber core and is distributed in a Gaussian mode.
The photonic crystal fiber has a plurality of sound field modes, and the selected partial sound field modes are shown in fig. 4 (a-e). As shown, the total acoustic pressure within the photonic crystal fiber is confined within the core. Fig. 4 (a) shows a fundamental mode of a sound field, which has a characteristic frequency of 2849.9Mhz and a gaussian distribution of total sound pressure.
The invention uses finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate, adds electromagnetic wave frequency domain (ewfd) and pressure acoustics (acpr) physical field, and combines Perfect Matching Layer (PML) to calculate, thus obtaining the optical and acoustic mode field distribution of the invention. And calculating the limiting loss and the nonlinear coefficient according to the electric field distribution diagram obtained by simulation, and jointly calculating the Brillouin gain coefficient according to the electric field and the sound field distribution diagram.
The nonlinear coefficient formula is:
wherein the nonlinear coefficient of SiO2，For incident wavelength, +.>Is the electric field distribution.
The restrictive loss formula is:
wherein,for incident wavelength, +.>Representing the imaginary part of the effective refractive index.
The brillouin gain coefficient formula is:
in the middle ofIs effective refractive index +.>An elasto-optical coefficient of SiO2, +.>Is the density of SiO2, c is the speed of light in vacuum,/->Brillouin resonance frequency corresponding to acoustic mode, < ->Full width at half maximum in the form of lorentz gain. E and->The electric field mode distribution and the sound field mode distribution are obtained through COMSOL simulation respectively.
When the wavelength of incident light is1.55As shown in FIG. 5, the nonlinear coefficient of the optical fiber of the present invention is 69.09 +.>The y polarization direction is 114.89->Compared with the prior high-nonlinearity optical fiber, the maximum value is 45-50Is improved by about 2.5 times. As shown in fig. 6, the limiting loss is in the x-polarization directionThe y polarization direction is->Compared with the existing low-loss optical fiber +.>The magnitude of the restrictive loss is reduced by one magnitude. As shown in fig. 7, the brillouin gain of the optical fiber is at mostCompared with the prior high Brillouin gain fiber, the Brillouin gain coefficient is +.>The lifting is about 1.6 times. These above characteristics of the present fiber will greatly improve the accuracy of the sensing system and greatly reduce long distance transmission loss.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high Brillouin gain is characterized in that a first air hole lattice is arranged in the photonic crystal fiber; the first air hole lattice is provided with 4 layers of first air holes uniformly distributed in a regular hexagon; a second air hole lattice is arranged in the center of the first air hole lattice; the first air holes are not arranged in the overlapping area of the first air hole lattice and the second air hole lattice;
the second air hole lattice is symmetrically provided with two second air holes, two third air holes, four fourth air holes and two fifth air holes; wherein the second type of air holes are the same as the third type of air holes;
the second air hole lattice is provided with two fourth air holes between the two second air holes and between the third air holes; the second air hole lattice is provided with a fifth air hole in the surrounding areas of the first air hole lattice, the second air holes and the first air hole lattice;
the photonic crystal fiber is provided with a third air hole lattice outside the first air hole lattice; a row of sixth air holes are respectively formed in one side, close to the two second air holes, of the third air hole lattice and one side, close to the two third air holes;
the first air hole lattice, the second air hole lattice and the third air hole lattice are integrally and axisymmetrically distributed in the photonic crystal fiber;
the cross sections of the first air holes, the second air holes, the third air holes and the fourth air holes are all round; the cross section of the fifth air hole is elliptical; the cross section of the sixth air hole is elliptical; the short axis length of the sixth air holes is 0.6-0.9 times of the long axis length; the long axis a2 of the sixth air hole is 0.8-to-thirdThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The short axis b2 of the sixth air hole is 0.48 to->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter d1 of the first air hole is 0.6 to->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The center distance L3 of the first air holes is +.>；
The diameters d2 of the second air holes and the third air holes areThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter d3 of the fourth air hole isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance L1 between the second air holes and the distance L1 between the third air holes are bothThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The vertical distance L2 between the adjacent second air holes and third air holes is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The horizontal distance L5 of the four air holes is +.>The vertical distance L4 is +.>；
The center horizontal distance L6 of the fifth air holes isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The short axis length of the fifth air holes is long0.72 times the degree, the length a1 of the long axis of the fifth air hole is +.>The short axis length b1 of the fifth type of air holes is +.>。
2. The low-loss, high-nonlinearity, high-brillouin-gain photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal fiber has a refractive index of 1.444 and a sound velocity of 5972Density is 2203%>Is composed of silica.
3. The photonic crystal fiber with low loss, high nonlinearity and high brillouin gain according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal fiber has a section diameter D of 13 to 14。
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| CN114994829A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Novel high-birefringence low-dispersion photonic crystal fiber |
| CN219245801U (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-06-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | High-birefringence low-loss large negative dispersion photonic crystal fiber |
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| CN114994829A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | Novel high-birefringence low-dispersion photonic crystal fiber |
| CN219245801U (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-06-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | High-birefringence low-loss large negative dispersion photonic crystal fiber |
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