CN117343210A - Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a schizophyllum commune fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity and application thereof, wherein the molecular weight of the polysaccharide is 1.87 multiplied by 10 ⁴ Da, sugar content 96.41% ± 2.12, monosaccharide composition molar ratio mannose: glucose: galactose: arabinose: fucose = 9.057:9.633:9.631:1.561:1. the schizophyllum commune sporophore polysaccharide provided by the invention has excellent anti-inflammatory activity, has good development and utilization prospects, and can be widely applied to the fields of health-care foods and medicines.

Description

Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity and its use

Technical field

The invention relates to a Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity and its preparation method and use, and belongs to the technical fields of food and medicine.

Background technique

When the body is invaded by foreign substances, the immune system is activated - identifying and attacking non-self foreign substances, inducing an immune response to achieve elimination. However, excessive immune response can also cause inflammatory reactions, which are usually accompanied by vasodilation, increased permeability, etc., leading to local tissue and cell damage, outflow of immune substances and coagulation factors, activation of cyclooxygenase COX2, and aggravation of inflammatory reactions. Further accelerate cell aging and apoptosis.

Clinically used anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mainly glucocorticoid drugs. However, these anti-inflammatory drugs are usually accompanied by some side effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort and ulcers, allergic reactions, central obesity, water and sodium retention, etc., which increase the metabolic burden on the liver and kidneys, and long-term use can cause organ damage. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a natural anti-inflammatory active substance with few side effects and toxic side effects. Research shows that edible fungi are one of the main sources of polysaccharides. Natural fungal polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor. Due to their low toxicity and good biocompatibility, active polysaccharides have become natural medicines and Research and development hotspots in the field of health care products.

Schizophyllum commune Fr., also known as white ginseng, tree flower, white flower, etc., is a large fungus in the family Schizophyllaceae and genus Schizophyllum. Schizophyllum fungi are both edible and medicinal. Its flesh is soft and tender, rich in amino acids and trace elements necessary for the human body. It has important edible and medicinal values. Traditional Chinese medicine theory believes that it is neutral in nature and has nourishing and sedative effects. Schizophoramycin (SPG) obtained by liquid submerged fermentation technology has immune modulation, anti-tumor and other effects, and has been commercialized. The Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide discovered for the first time by the present invention has excellent anti-inflammatory activity, which has not yet been reported, and has very important development value.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity and its preparation method and use.

In order to achieve the purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The present invention first provides a Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity. Its molecular weight is 1.84×10 ⁴ Da, and its sugar content is 96.41% ± 2.12. Ultraviolet full-wavelength scanning shows that it does not contain protein, and infrared spectrum shows that it has Significant polysaccharide characteristic infrared absorption peak, the molar ratio of its monosaccharide composition is mannose:glucose:galactose:arabinose:fucose=9.057:9.633:9.631:1.561:1.

The invention also provides a method for preparing the Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity, which includes the following steps:

(1) Grind the dried Schizophyllum fruiting bodies through a crusher and then pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder;

(2) Extract the obtained powder in hot water at a temperature of 60-100°C for 1-4 hours according to a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10-50, repeat 2-3 times, and combine the extracts;

(3) Concentrate the extract obtained in step (2) by rotary evaporation to 1/4-1/10 of the volume, add ethanol to the obtained concentrated liquid until the final volume concentration of ethanol is 60-90%, and then precipitate with alcohol at 4°C. Let it stand for 8-12 hours and collect the precipitate;

(4) Dissolve the precipitate obtained in step (3) with water, rotary evaporate to remove the ethanol, and continue to rotary evaporate and concentrate to obtain a sugar solution; use the Sevag method to remove the protein in the sugar solution: mix the sugar solution, n-butanol and chloroform according to the volume ratio Mix evenly at 5:1~4:1~4, shake, let stand and separate, then remove the protein layer, repeat until no protein layer appears;

Put the remaining sugar solution into a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3kDa-5kDa for dialysis, dialyze with running water for 24-48h, and dialyze with static water for 48h. After concentration, freeze-dry to obtain the crude polysaccharide of the Schizophyllum fungus fruiting body;

(5) Prepare a 20-40 mg/mL solution of Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide obtained in step (4) with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and place the retained solution in DEAE-cellulose Elute in a 52 ion exchange column, use deionized water as the mobile phase, the flow rate is 0.5-1.2mL/min, collect the product, and freeze-dry;

(6) Use deionized water to prepare the dry product obtained in step (5) into a solution of 50-80 mg/mL, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and elute it in a CL-4B molecular sieve. Use an automatic The collector collects in separate tubes, with a flow rate of 0.5-1.2mL/min, 8min/tube. The products are collected and freeze-dried to obtain multi-tube dried products;

(7) Prepare the multi-tube dried products obtained in step (6) with deionized water to make a solution of 3-5 mg/mL. After filtering through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, use high-performance liquid phase TSK-6000 for detection. The mobile phase It was water, the flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, and the injection volume was 20 μL. The target product Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with a uniform and symmetrical peak shape was detected.

The invention also discloses the use of the Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide, which is characterized in that it is used as an anti-inflammatory active agent to prepare anti-inflammatory health foods or anti-inflammatory drugs.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

1. The Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide prepared in the present invention has been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Its peak shape is uniform and symmetrical, the molecular weight is 1.84×10 ⁴ Da, the sugar content is 96.41% ± 2.12, and the molar ratio of monosaccharide composition is mannose. Sugar: glucose: galactose: arabinose: fucose = 9.057: 9.633: 9.631: 1.561: 1. It is a natural active polysaccharide with high purity.

2. The Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide discovered in the present invention has excellent anti-inflammatory activity: in vitro anti-inflammation shows that it has a relieving effect on LPS-induced cellular inflammation of RAW264.7 macrophages, is non-toxic to normal cells, and increases with the polysaccharide concentration. The anti-inflammatory effect was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide has an important alleviating effect on cellular inflammation. At the same time, in vivo experiments confirmed that it has a significant therapeutic effect on DSS-induced UC mice. There have been no reports on the anti-inflammatory activity of Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharides, so its anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo have important prospects for development and utilization.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of SCP-1.

Figure 2 is a liquid phase diagram of the standard monosaccharide composition (see (A) in Figure 2) and a liquid phase diagram of the monosaccharide composition of SCP-1 (see (B) in Figure 2).

Figure 3 shows the toxicity test of SCP-1 on RAW264.7 macrophages.

Figure 4 shows the detection of NO release from LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages by SCP-1.

Figure 5 shows how SCP-1 induces RAW264.7 macrophage inflammatory factors IL-1β (see (A) in Figure 5), IL-6 (see (B) in Figure 5) and TNF-α (see (C) in Figure 5) Release amount detection.

Figure 6 shows the body weight of UC mice after SCP treatment (see (A) in Figure 6), colon length (see (B) in Figure 6), and disease activity index (DAI) (see (C) in Figure 6 ) and changes in spleen weight (see (D) in Figure 6 ).

Figure 7 shows H&E staining pictures and histological scores of mouse colon tissue (see (A) in Figure 7 ) and AB-PAS staining pictures and the number of goblet cells (see (B) in Figure 7 ).

Figure 8 shows the inflammatory factors IL-6 (see (A) in Figure 8 ), IL-1β (see (B) in Figure 8 ), and TNF-α (see (C) in Figure 8 ) in mouse serum. , IL-10 content (see (D) in Figure 8) was measured.

Detailed ways

The following examples can enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention more comprehensively, but do not limit the present invention in any way.

Example 1: Extraction, isolation and purification of Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide using Schizophyllum fruiting body as raw material

(1) Crush the dried Schizophyllum fruiting bodies through a pulverizer and then pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder.

(2) Extract the obtained powder in hot water at a temperature of 85°C for 2 hours according to a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20. Repeat three times and combine the extracts.

(3) Concentrate the extract obtained in step (2) by rotary evaporation to 1/4 of the volume, add ethanol to the obtained concentrated liquid until the final volume concentration of ethanol is 80%, and then precipitate with alcohol at 4°C, let stand for 12 hours, and collect the precipitate .

(4) Dissolve the precipitate obtained in step (3) with water, rotary evaporate to remove the ethanol, and continue to rotary evaporate and concentrate to obtain a sugar solution; use the Sevag method to remove the protein in the sugar solution: mix the sugar solution, n-butanol and chloroform according to the volume ratio Mix 5:1:4 evenly, shake for 10 minutes, let stand for layering, then remove the protein layer, repeat until no protein layer appears.

The remaining sugar solution was put into a 3.5kDa dialysis bag for dialysis, followed by running water dialysis for 24 hours and static water dialysis for 48 hours. After concentration, the polysaccharide was freeze-dried to obtain Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide (named SCP).

(5) Prepare a 40 mg/mL solution of Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide obtained in step (4) with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and place the trapped solution in DEAE-cellulose 52 ion Elute in the exchange column, use deionized water as the mobile phase, the flow rate is 1mL/min, collect the product, and freeze-dry.

(6) Prepare the dry product obtained in step (5) into a 80 mg/mL solution with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and elute in CL-4B molecular sieve, using an automatic collector. Collect in separate tubes, set the flow rate to 1mL/min, 8min/tube, collect the products, freeze-dry, and obtain multi-tube dried products.

(7) Prepare the multi-tube dried product obtained in step (6) into a 4 mg/mL solution with deionized water, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and detect it with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mobile phase is Water, the flow rate was 0.6mL/min, the injection volume was 20μL, and the target product Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide (peak time 18.627min) with a uniform and symmetrical peak shape was detected, which was named SCP-1.

Figure 1 is a high performance liquid chromatogram of SCP-1. As can be seen from Figure 1, SCP-1 polysaccharide has a single symmetrical absorption peak with a retention time of 18.627 min. Through measurement and calculation, the molecular weight of SCP-1 is 1.84×10 ⁴ Da.

Figure 2 shows the monosaccharide composition chart of the standard product and the SCP-1 monosaccharide composition chart. The molar ratio of SCP-1 monosaccharide composition is mannose:glucose:galactose:arabinose:fucose=9.057:9.633:9.631:1.561:1.

Example 2: Extraction, isolation and purification of Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide using Schizophyllum fruiting body as raw material

(1) Crush the dried Schizophyllum fruiting bodies through a pulverizer and then pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder.

(2) Extract the obtained powder in hot water at a temperature of 60°C for 3 hours according to a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. Repeat three times and combine the extracts.

(3) Concentrate the extract obtained in step (2) by rotary evaporation to 1/4 of the volume, add ethanol to the obtained concentrated liquid until the final volume concentration of ethanol is 80%, then precipitate with alcohol at 4°C, let stand for 8 hours, and collect the precipitate .

(4) Dissolve the precipitate obtained in step (3) with water, rotary evaporate to remove the ethanol, and continue to rotary evaporate and concentrate to obtain a sugar solution; use the Sevag method to remove the protein in the sugar solution: mix the sugar solution, n-butanol and chloroform according to the volume ratio Mix 5:2:3 evenly, shake for 10 minutes, let stand for layering, then remove the protein layer, repeat until no protein layer appears.

The remaining sugar solution was put into a 4kDa dialysis bag for dialysis, followed by running water dialysis for 24 hours and static water dialysis for 48 hours. After concentration, the crude polysaccharide of the Schizophyllum fruiting body was obtained by freeze-drying.

(5) Prepare a 20 mg/mL solution of Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide obtained in step (4) with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and place the trapped solution in DEAE-cellulose 52 ion Elute in the exchange column, use deionized water as the mobile phase, the flow rate is 1mL/min, collect the product, and freeze-dry.

(6) Prepare the dry product obtained in step (5) into a 70 mg/mL solution with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and elute it in a CL-4B molecular sieve, using an automatic collector. Collect in separate tubes, set the flow rate to 1mL/min, 8min/tube, collect the products, freeze-dry, and obtain multi-tube dried products.

(7) Prepare the multi-tube dried product of step (6) into a 5 mg/mL solution with deionized water, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and detect it with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mobile phase is water. The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, the injection volume was 20 μL, and the target product Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with a uniform and symmetrical peak shape was detected (peak time was 18.627 min).

Example 3: Extraction, isolation and purification of Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharides using Schizophyllum fruiting bodies as raw materials

(1) Crush the dried Schizophyllum fruiting bodies through a pulverizer and then pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder.

(2) Extract the obtained powder in hot water at a temperature of 75°C for 1 hour according to a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:50. Repeat three times and combine the extracts.

(3) Concentrate the extract obtained in step (2) to 1/4 of the volume, add ethanol to the obtained concentrated solution until the final volume concentration of ethanol is 80%, and then precipitate with alcohol at 4°C and let stand for 12 hours to collect the precipitate.

(4) Dissolve the precipitate obtained in step (3) with water, rotary evaporate to remove the ethanol, and continue to rotary evaporate and concentrate to obtain a sugar solution; use the Sevag method to remove the protein in the sugar solution: mix the sugar solution, n-butanol and chloroform according to the volume ratio Mix 5:4:1 evenly, shake for 10 minutes, let stand for layering, then remove the protein layer, repeat until no protein layer appears.

The remaining sugar solution was put into a 5kDa dialysis bag and dialyzed in running water for 48 hours and in static water for 48 hours. After concentration, the crude polysaccharide of the Schizophyllum fruiting body was obtained by freeze-drying.

(5) Prepare a 20 mg/mL solution of Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide obtained in step (4) with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and place the trapped solution in DEAE-cellulose 52 ion Elution was carried out in the exchange column, using deionized water as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The product was collected and freeze-dried.

(6) Prepare the dry product obtained in step (5) into a 50 mg/mL solution with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and elute in CL-4B molecular sieve, using an automatic collector. Collect in separate tubes, set the flow rate to 0.5mL/min, 8min/tube, collect the products, freeze-dry, and obtain multi-tube dried products.

(7) Prepare the multi-tube dried product of step (6) into a 4 mg/mL solution with deionized water, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and detect it with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mobile phase is water. The flow rate was 0.6mL/min, and the injection volume was 20μL. Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with uniform and symmetrical peak shape was detected (peak time was 18.627 min).

Example 4: Determination of anti-inflammatory activity of SCP-1 in vitro

1. Cytotoxicity assay

RAW 264.7 macrophages in good growth status were seeded in a 96-well plate (1×10 ⁵ cells/well) and cultured in a CO ₂ incubator at 37°C. The MTT method was used to detect the effect of the sample on cell survival rate. Use 1 μg/mL LPS as a positive control group, add fresh culture medium to the blank control group, and treat the sample group with SCP-1 (50-600 μg/mL). After incubation for 24 hours, remove the cell supernatant and add 100 μL to each well. MTT solution (0.5mg/mL) and incubated for 4h. Take out the 96-well plate from the incubator, discard the supernatant and add 100 μL DMSO. After shaking for 10 min, use a microplate reader to measure the absorbance at 570 nm. The results of the toxic effect of SCP-1 on macrophages are shown in Figure 3. At the concentration of 50 μg/mL to 600 μg/mL, SCP-1 has no toxic effect on 264.7 macrophages.

2. Detection of NO release by SCP-1 in LPS-induced inflammatory RAW264.7 macrophages

The Griess method was used to detect NO production. RAW 264.7 macrophages (1×10 ⁵ cells/well) in good growth condition were placed in a 96-well plate and cultured in a CO ₂ incubator at 37°C for 24 h. Remove the supernatant and use medium containing LPS (4 μg/mL) and SCP-1 (50-600 μg/mL) to treat the cells. After incubating for 24 hours, collect the cell supernatant and mix it with an equal volume of Griess reagent. Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes. Measured with a standard instrument at 540nm. As can be seen from Figure 4, after being treated with different concentrations of SCP-1 for 24 hours, the NO release of inflammatory cells gradually decreased. When the SCP-1 concentration reached 600 μg/mL, the NO production was reduced by 51.24% compared with the LPS group. Experimental results show that SCP-1 has an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced cellular inflammation and NO production.

3. Detection of inflammatory factor release by SCP-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS

Kits were used to detect the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. RAW 264.7 macrophages (1×10 ⁵ cells/well) in good growth condition were placed in a 96-well plate and cultured in a CO ₂ incubator at 37°C for 24 h. Remove the supernatant, use medium containing LPS (4 μg/mL) and SCP-1 (50-600 μg/mL) to treat the cells, and collect the cell supernatant after incubation for 24 hours. According to the instructions of the kit, add the samples and standards of different concentrations into the corresponding wells at 100 μL/well. Add 100 μL diluent to the blank group, cover with sealing film and incubate at 37°C for 1 hour. After the incubation, take out the enzyme plate, discard the liquid, add 100 μL of biotinylated antibody working solution to each well, cover with sealing film again, and incubate at 37°C for 1 hour. After the above steps, discard the liquid, add 300 μL washing solution to each well, let it stand for 1 min, shake off the washing solution, and repeat three times. Add 100 μL of enzyme conjugate working solution to each well, cover with sealing film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. Wash the plate 3-5 times again, add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, incubate at 37°C for 15 minutes in the dark, add 50 μL of stop solution to each well, and measure the OD value of each well in the plate at a wavelength of 450 nm. The results are shown in Figure 5. After SCP-1 treated LPS-induced inflammatory cells, it inhibited the release of cellular inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that SCP-1 has Certain anti-inflammatory effect.

Example 5: Determination of anti-inflammatory activity of SCP in vivo

A UC mouse model was constructed using 2.5% DSS induction to study the alleviating effect of SCP on ulcerative colitis. 60 C57BL/6 mice were divided into 6 groups (control group CTRL, model group DSS, Mes group, L-SCP group, M-SCP group and H-SCP group). After one week of adaptive feeding, starting on the 8th day The normal group drank distilled water freely, the DSS model group drank 2.5% DSS freely, and the experimental group drank 2.5% DSS freely and were given the positive drug mesalamine Mes (100mg/kg) or Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide low (L-SCP, 100mg) by gavage /kg), medium (M-SCP, 200mg/kg), high dose (H-SCP, 400mg/kg). Administration was given for a total of seven days.

1. Measurement of colitis-related indicators

During the experiment, the hair and activities of the mice were observed every day, the mice were weighed, the weight changes and disease activity index (DAI) of the mice were monitored, blood was collected from the unilateral eyeballs of the mice for subsequent experiments, and the mice were sacrificed to collect colon and For the spleen, the length of the colon and the weight of the spleen were measured. The disease activity index was scored according to the standards in Table 1. The results are shown in Figure 6. After administration of SCP, the symptoms of weight loss and colon shortening in mice were significantly improved, the disease activity index increased, and the spleen weight increased, indicating that SCP has a relieving effect on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Table 1

2. The alleviating effect of SCP on tissue damage in UC mice

After the colon tissue was fixed for 24 hours, the tissue was dehydrated, transparentized, embedded in wax, cut into 2-4 μm slices, dried and dewaxed to obtain tissue sections. Use hematoxylin primary staining and eosin counterstaining, dry the sections and mount them to obtain H&E stained sections. At the same time, AB-PAS staining was used to evaluate the mucin and goblet cells in the tissue (see Table 2 for scoring criteria). Observe under a microscope and take pictures. The results are shown in Figure 7. SCP can maintain the normal crypt structure of the intestine, reduce the loss of goblet cells, reduce the degree of inflammatory infiltration, and protect epithelial cells.

Table 2

3. Effect of SCP on the content of inflammatory factors in UC mice

A kit was used to detect the release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in mouse serum. According to the instructions of the kit, add the samples and standards of different concentrations into the corresponding wells at 100 μL/well. Add 100 μL diluent to the blank group, cover with sealing film and incubate at 37°C for 1 hour. After the incubation, take out the enzyme plate, discard the liquid, add 100 μL of biotinylated antibody working solution to each well, cover with sealing film again, and incubate at 37°C for 1 hour. After the above steps, discard the liquid, add 300 μL washing solution to each well, let it stand for 1 min, shake off the washing solution, and repeat three times. Add 100 μL of enzyme conjugate working solution to each well, cover with sealing film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. Wash the plate 3-5 times again, add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, incubate at 37°C for 15 minutes in the dark, add 50 μL of stop solution to each well, and measure the OD value of each well in the plate at a wavelength of 450 nm. The results are shown in Figure 8. SCP inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in mice, and promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in a certain dose-dependent manner. This shows that SCP has certain anti-inflammatory effects.

The protection content of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, changes and advantages that those skilled in the art can think of are included in the present invention, and are defined in the appended claims. protected range.

Claims (9)

1. A Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity, characterized in that: the molecular weight of the Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide is 1.87×10 ⁴ Da. 2. Schizophyllum fungus fruiting body polysaccharide according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sugar content of the Schizophyllum fungus fruiting body polysaccharide is 96.41% ± 2.12. 3. Schizophylla fruiting body polysaccharide according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monosaccharide composition molar ratio of the Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide is mannose:glucose:galactose:arabinose:fucose=9.057: 9.633:9.631:1.561:1. 4. A method for preparing Schizophyllum fungus fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it includes the following steps: (1) Grind the dried Schizophyllum fruiting bodies through a crusher and then pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder; (2) Extract the obtained powder in hot water at a temperature of 60-100°C for 1-4 hours according to a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10-50, repeat 2-3 times, and combine the extracts; (3) Concentrate the extract obtained in step (2) by rotary evaporation to 1/4-1/10 of the volume, add ethanol to the obtained concentrated liquid, and then precipitate the alcohol at 4°C, let it stand for 8-12 hours, and collect the precipitate; (4) Dissolve the precipitate obtained in step (3) with water, remove the ethanol by rotary evaporation and continue to concentrate by rotary evaporation to obtain a sugar solution; use the Sevag method to remove the protein in the sugar solution: mix the sugar solution, n-butanol and chloroform evenly, Shake, let stand for layering, then remove the protein layer, repeat until no protein layer appears; Put the remaining sugar solution into a dialysis bag for dialysis, concentrate and freeze-dry to obtain the crude polysaccharide of the Schizophyllum fruiting body; (5) Prepare a 20-40 mg/mL solution of Schizophyllum fruiting body crude polysaccharide obtained in step (4) with deionized water, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and place the retained solution in DEAE-cellulose 52 ion exchange column for elution, using deionized water as the mobile phase, collecting the product, and freeze-drying; (6) Use deionized water to prepare the dry product obtained in step (5) into a solution of 50-80 mg/mL, centrifuge to remove insoluble impurities, filter it through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and elute it in a CL-4B molecular sieve. Use an automatic The collector collects in separate tubes, 8 minutes per tube, collects the product, freeze-dries, and obtains multi-tube dried products; (7) Prepare the multi-tube dried products obtained in step (6) with deionized water into a solution of 3-5 mg/mL. After filtering through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, use high-performance liquid phase TSK-6000 for detection. The mobile phase It is water, the flow rate is 0.6mL/min, the injection volume is 20μL, and the target product Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide is detected. 5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step (3), ethanol is added to the obtained concentrated liquid until the final volume concentration of ethanol is 60-90%. 6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step (4), the volume ratio of the sugar solution, n-butanol and chloroform is 5:1~4:1~4. 7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step (4), the molecular weight cutoff in the dialysis bag used during dialysis is 3kDa-5kDa, running water dialysis is 24-48h, and static water dialysis is 48h. 8. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step (5), the flow rate of the elution is 0.5-1.2mL/min; in step (6), the flow rate of the elution is 0.5 -1.2mL/min. 9. The use of the Schizophyllum fruiting body polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is used to prepare an anti-inflammatory active agent.