CN117297150B - Method capable of improving baking quality of tobacco leaves at upper part under drought climate condition - Google Patents
Method capable of improving baking quality of tobacco leaves at upper part under drought climate conditionInfo
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- CN117297150B CN117297150B CN202311336108.3A CN202311336108A CN117297150B CN 117297150 B CN117297150 B CN 117297150B CN 202311336108 A CN202311336108 A CN 202311336108A CN 117297150 B CN117297150 B CN 117297150B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能提高干旱条件上部烟叶烘烤质量的方法，该方法针对干旱气候条件下的上部叶，结构紧密、叶片含水量少、叶片内的水分与细胞组织为结合状态，在变黄阶段，采用干球温度42‑43℃变黄，湿球温度38℃～39℃，使叶片正反面气孔处于打开状态，保证烟叶内的水分通过气孔顺利排除，保证烤房中的O2不断通过气孔进入叶片内，帮助大分子有机物不断降解，从而保证烟叶质量；本发明能提高干旱气候条件下的上部叶烘烤质量，能减少上部烟叶烘烤产生挂灰杂色的情况。
This invention discloses a method for improving the curing quality of upper tobacco leaves under arid conditions. This method targets upper leaves in arid climates, characterized by a compact structure, low leaf water content, and water bound to cellular tissue. During the yellowing stage, a dry-bulb temperature of 42-43℃ and a wet-bulb temperature of 38-39℃ are used to keep the stomata on both sides of the leaf open, ensuring the smooth removal of moisture from the tobacco leaf and allowing O2 from the curing barn to continuously enter the leaf through the stomata, aiding in the degradation of macromolecular organic matter and thus guaranteeing the quality of the tobacco leaf. This invention improves the curing quality of upper leaves under arid climates and reduces the occurrence of ash and discoloration during the curing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method capable of improving the baking quality of tobacco leaves at the upper part under drought climate conditions, and belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
When the tobacco leaves are baked, the moisture in the tobacco leaves is required to be smoothly discharged through the air holes, the oxygen in the baking room is ensured to continuously enter the tobacco leaves through the air holes, and macromolecular organic matters are helped to be continuously degraded, so that the quality required by industry is formed, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is ensured. The upper tobacco leaves have a compact leaf structure, the leaf has less water content, and the moisture and the cell tissues in the leaf are in a combined state (called combined water for short), and the moisture and the cell tissues in the leaf are in a combined state, so that the moisture of the tobacco leaves is difficult to remove during the baking of the upper tobacco leaves.
In the prior art, for the upper tobacco leaf baking under drought weather conditions, a high-temperature low-humidity method is adopted to ensure that the water vapor pressure difference is formed between the inside and the outside of the tobacco leaf and the water in the tobacco leaf is removed, but the air holes of the upper tobacco leaf are naturally closed due to lower humidity in air or a baking room, namely the so-called high temperature low humidity, even if the water in the tobacco leaf can break loose the constraint of tobacco leaf tissues, the water can not be removed from the outside of the tobacco leaf due to the closed air holes, so that the upper tobacco leaf is continuously browned and blacked in baking, or steamed tobacco is formed, and the quality of the tobacco leaf is seriously influenced.
Meanwhile, the upper tobacco leaf baking under drought weather conditions is in autumn, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is low, the baking humidity is difficult to meet, particularly the upper tobacco leaf under drought conditions grows in a high-temperature low-humidity environment, and the moisture deficiency is normal in the baking process. In order to solve the humidity problem in baking, most tobacco farmers adopt measures of adding water into a baking room before baking, spraying water mist on the baked tobacco leaves, and the like. Firstly, the water adding and humidifying process is complex, the workload is increased, secondly, the increased moisture is mainly the air humidity, in the baking process, the quantity of the wet air in the baking room is small through continuous circulation, the effect is not great, thirdly, the increased moisture is limited to the surface layer of tobacco leaves, and the yellowing is the inside of the leaves, so that the substantial problem cannot be solved.
Therefore, there is a need for a method of improving the quality of upper leaf toasting under drought conditions to reduce the problem of upper leaf toasting of ash and mottle.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the baking quality of upper tobacco leaves under drought conditions, which can overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
The invention discloses a method capable of improving the baking quality of tobacco leaves at the upper part under drought weather conditions, which aims at the upper part of the tobacco leaves under drought weather conditions, has compact structure, low water content of the leaf and the combined state of moisture and cell tissues in the leaf, adopts dry bulb temperature of 42-43 ℃ to yellow in a yellowing stage and wet bulb temperature of 40-41 ℃ to ensure that pores at the front and back surfaces of the leaf are in an open state, ensures that moisture in the tobacco leaves is smoothly discharged through the pores, ensures that O 2 in a baking room continuously enters the leaf through the pores, helps macromolecular organic matters to be continuously degraded, and further ensures the quality of the tobacco leaves;
The baking steps of the yellowing stage of the upper tobacco leaves under drought weather conditions are as follows:
Step 1, adopting a high Wen Bianhuang, heating the tobacco tip to 40 ℃ at 1 ℃ per 1h without promoting the green after ignition, stabilizing the temperature for 5-6 hours, enabling tobacco leaves to be heated uniformly and adapt to the environmental temperature in a curing barn, then heating to 42-43 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 40-41 ℃ and stabilizing the temperature for 40-50 hours until the tobacco leaves of a kang are all yellow, and turning fire to enter a color fixing stage;
Step 2, in the color fixing stage, the dry bulb temperature is stabilized at 42-43 ℃ at the initial stage of color fixing, the wet bulb temperature is 38-39 ℃, slow moisture removal is carried out, the yellowing state of tobacco leaves is observed, two layers of tobacco leaves are hooked and curled, the full kang tobacco leaves are soft and collapse, the main pulse is continuously wound, the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 45 ℃, the wet bulb maintaining temperature is 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 4-5 h later, the branch pulse of the tobacco leaves is completely yellow, the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 48 ℃, the wet bulb maintaining temperature is 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 8-10 h, the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is whitened and brightened, then the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 54 ℃, the wet bulb maintaining temperature is 8-39 ℃ and the temperature is stabilized for 8-12 h, the water loss and the dry state of the tobacco leaves are synchronously desiccated until the leaf is completely dry, the front and back are She Yanse, and the dry state of the tobacco leaves are completely similar, and the color fixing stage enters into the dry tendon after the color fixing stage;
And 3, in the rib drying stage, heating at a heating rate of 1 ℃ per 2h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 60 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 40 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 8-10 hours, wherein the main vein of the tobacco leaves is semi-dry, heating at a heating rate of 1 ℃ per 1h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 65 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature from 40 ℃ to 41 ℃, and stabilizing the dry bulb temperature for a prolonged time to finish the rib drying.
In the yellowing stage, the main yellowing temperature of the upper tobacco leaves is 42-43 ℃, and the upper tobacco leaves are dehumidified after being subjected to yellowing, so that the baking of the green leaf tips of the airflow-rising baking room or the green leaf ears of the airflow-falling baking room is prevented from being quickly dehydrated, and then the baking is performed according to the steps 1-3.
The expression of respiration of the tobacco leaves in the yellowing period is that organic matters, oxygen= > carbon dioxide, water and heat are adopted, the main component in the organic matters is starch, the starch conversion process is also a starch hydrolysis process, the hydrolysis process needs enough moisture, and the hydrolysis reaction of the starch can be expressed as follows by the chemical formula:
Therefore, in the baking process, the dry ball speed is stabilized at 42-43 ℃, so that the tissue cells of the tobacco leaves are kept at a vigorous breathing speed, moisture (H 2 O) is continuously generated, and the increased moisture is in the interior of the leaves, so that the yellowing of the tobacco leaves and the decomposition of organic matters are facilitated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention improves the yellowing temperature, namely, the main yellowing temperature in the original yellowing stage is 38 ℃ and is adjusted to be 42-43 ℃ for high-temperature yellowing and baking, the yellowing speed of tobacco leaves is high, the yellowing is uniform, the yellowing time of the tobacco leaves can be shortened by about 25 hours, the baking fuel is saved, and the baking cost is reduced by about 150 yuan.
2. The slow temperature rise and the prolonged period of fixation are that the temperature rise speed of the stage of 42-54 ℃ 1 ℃/2-3h is slowed down to 1 ℃/5-6h, the upper leaf structure is compact, moisture is not easy to be discharged, smooth and stiff tobacco leaves are easy to be produced, the temperature stabilizing time is flexibly grasped, the temperature rise and the moisture discharge are carried out at a constant speed, the dehydration and the drying process of the tobacco leaves are synchronously coordinated, the tissue structure of the tobacco leaves after baking is loose, the color and luster are bright, and the hierarchical structure of the upper leaf is improved.
3. Reducing air inlet and outlet, fixing tobacco fragrance and oil, namely using a circulating fan low-speed gear in a yellowing stage, using a circulating fan high-speed gear at 42-48 ℃, using the circulating fan low-speed gear after 48 ℃, prolonging 54 ℃ temperature stabilizing time, promoting the formation of tobacco fragrance substances, stabilizing the temperature for 8-10 hours at 60 ℃, fixing the tobacco fragrance substances, preventing the volatilization of the tobacco fragrance and the oil with excessive air quantity, controlling the air speed, and operating the circulating fan at 960r/min or intermittently before 42 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 1440r/min at 42-48 ℃ and the rotating speed of the circulating fan at the stage of 48 ℃ to 960r/min at the tendon drying stage.
4. Under the high temperature condition, the pores on the front and back sides of the tobacco leaves are promoted to be opened rapidly, the rolling substances in the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves are removed along with the vaporization of the moisture, the browning reaction of the tobacco leaves is prevented, and the variegated tobacco leaves are reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a graph of high temperature yellowing, high humidity fixation baking of upper leaves under drought conditions.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are presented by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation.
As shown in figure 1, the method for improving the baking quality of the upper tobacco leaves under drought conditions is characterized in that the method aims at the upper tobacco leaves with compact upper leaf structure, low leaf water content and combined state of water in the leaves and cell tissues under drought conditions, and in a yellowing stage, dry bulb temperature is 42-43 ℃ to yellow, wet bulb temperature is 40-41 ℃ to enable air holes on the front side and the back side of the leaves to be in an open state, so that moisture in the tobacco leaves is ensured to be smoothly discharged through the air holes, O 2 in a baking room is ensured to enter the leaves through the air holes, macromolecular organic matters are helped to be degraded continuously, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is ensured.
For the upper tobacco leaves under drought conditions, the baking steps in the yellowing stage are as follows:
The method comprises the steps of 1, adopting a high Wen Bianhuang to shorten the low-temperature yellowing time, heating the tobacco tip to 40 ℃ at 1 ℃ per 1 hour after ignition, stabilizing the temperature for 5 to 6 hours, enabling tobacco leaves to be heated uniformly, adapting to the environment temperature in a curing barn, then heating to 42 to 43 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 40 to 41 ℃ and stabilizing the temperature for 40 to 50 hours until the tobacco leaves of a kang are completely yellow, and turning fire to enter a color fixing stage;
And 2, a color fixing stage. At the initial stage of color stabilization, the temperature of dry bulb is stabilized at 42-43 ℃, the temperature of wet bulb is 38-39 ℃, slow moisture removal is carried out, the yellowing state of tobacco leaves is observed, two layers of tobacco leaves are hooked and curled, the whole kang tobacco leaves are soft and slumped, the main pulse is continuously wound, the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the temperature of dry bulb reaches 45 ℃, the temperature of wet bulb is kept at 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 4-5 hours, the tobacco leaves are fully yellow, the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the temperature of dry bulb reaches 48 ℃, the temperature of wet bulb is kept at 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 8-10 hours, the main pulse of tobacco leaves is whitened, then the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the temperature of dry bulb reaches 54 ℃, the temperature of wet bulb is kept at 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 8-12 hours, the dry state of the leaf is shrunk while being dried until the leaf is fully dry, she Yanse is similar, the leaf enters into a drying tendon stage from the post-color stabilization stage,
And 3, in the rib drying stage, heating at a heating rate of 1 ℃ per 2h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 60 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 40 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 8-10 hours, wherein the main pulse of the tobacco leaf is semi-dry, heating at a heating rate of 1 ℃ per 1h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 65 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature from 40 ℃ to 41 ℃, and stabilizing the dry bulb temperature for a prolonged time to finish the rib drying, wherein a specific baking chart is shown in figure 1.
The tobacco leaf can be baked normally, and the photosynthesis product in the tobacco leaf is decomposed into aromatic substances by the respiration of the tobacco leaf and the action of enzyme, and the original chlorophyll is converted into carotene, lutein and the like, thereby meeting the industrial requirements.
The respiration expression of the tobacco leaves in the yellowing period is that organic matters, oxygen= > carbon dioxide, water and heat are adopted, the main component in the organic matters is starch, the starch conversion process is also a starch hydrolysis process, the hydrolysis process needs enough moisture, and the hydrolysis reaction of the starch can be represented by a chemical formula:
Therefore, in the baking process, the tobacco leaves keep a vigorous breathing speed, moisture (H 2 O) is continuously generated, the increased moisture is in the tobacco leaves, the yellowing of the tobacco leaves is facilitated, the decomposition of organic matters is facilitated, the heating time can be timely determined according to the water demand in the baking process of the tobacco leaves, the breathing process is prolonged, the weight of the baked tobacco leaves is reduced by 180g when the weight of the baked tobacco leaves is increased by 108g, namely, in the baking process of the tobacco leaves, the yellowing time is longer, the tobacco leaves are thinned, the weight is relatively light, and the tobacco leaves with yellow, bright and soft fragrance are more suitable for the demands of industrial raw materials.
Through the experiment, the test shows that the liquid crystal display device,
1. The method has the advantages of reducing the yellowing time of tobacco leaves by about 25 hours, saving baking fuel and reducing baking cost by about 150 yuan.
2. The method has the advantages that the front-back comparison effect of the ash-hanging variegated tobacco leaves is generated, and the ash-hanging variegated proportion is reduced by 5% from the original 18%.
3. The method has the advantage that the tobacco leaves with the stiffness are subjected to the front-back comparison effect, and the proportion of the tobacco leaves with the stiffness after baking is reduced from 15% to 2%.
4. The method has the advantages of loose leaf tissue structure and good elasticity, improves the usability of upper leaves, and ensures the supply of industrial raw materials.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical matter of the present invention without departing from the technical scope of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method capable of improving the baking quality of tobacco leaves at the upper part under drought weather conditions is characterized in that the method aims at the upper part of the tobacco leaves under the drought weather conditions, the structure is compact, the water content of the leaf is low, the moisture in the leaf and the cell tissue are in a combined state, in the yellowing stage, the temperature of dry bulb is 42-43 ℃ to yellow, the temperature of wet bulb is 40-41 ℃, the air holes at the front side and the back side of the leaf are in an open state, the moisture in the tobacco leaves is ensured to be smoothly discharged through the air holes, and O 2 in a curing barn is ensured to continuously enter the leaf through the air holes, so that macromolecular organic matters are helped to be continuously degraded, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is ensured;
for the upper tobacco leaves under drought climate conditions, the baking steps in the yellowing stage are as follows:
Step 1, adopting a high Wen Bianhuang, heating the tobacco tip to 40 ℃ at 1 ℃ per 1h without promoting the green after ignition, stabilizing the temperature for 5-6 hours, enabling tobacco leaves to be heated uniformly and adapt to the environmental temperature in a curing barn, then heating to 42-43 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 40-41 ℃ and stabilizing the temperature for 40-50 hours until the tobacco leaves of a kang are all yellow, and turning fire to enter a color fixing stage;
Step 2, in the color fixing stage, the dry bulb temperature is stabilized at 42-43 ℃ at the initial stage of color fixing, the wet bulb temperature is 38-39 ℃, slow moisture removal is carried out, the yellowing state of tobacco leaves is observed, two layers of tobacco leaves are hooked and curled, the full kang tobacco leaves are soft and collapse, the main pulse is continuously wound, the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 45 ℃, the wet bulb maintaining temperature is 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 4-5 h later, the branch pulse of the tobacco leaves is completely yellow, the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 48 ℃, the wet bulb maintaining temperature is 38-39 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 8-10 h, the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is whitened and brightened, then the temperature is increased at the temperature rising speed of 1 ℃ per 5-6h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 54 ℃, the wet bulb maintaining temperature is 8-39 ℃ and the temperature is stabilized for 8-12 h, the water loss and the dry state of the tobacco leaves are synchronously desiccated until the leaf is completely dry, the front and back are She Yanse, and the dry state of the tobacco leaves are completely similar, and the color fixing stage enters into the dry tendon after the color fixing stage;
And 3, in the rib drying stage, heating at a heating rate of 1 ℃ per 2h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 60 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature from 39 ℃ to 40 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 8-10 hours, wherein the main vein of the tobacco leaves is semi-dry, heating at a heating rate of 1 ℃ per 1h until the dry bulb temperature reaches 65 ℃, heating the wet bulb temperature from 40 ℃ to 41 ℃, and stabilizing the dry bulb temperature for a prolonged time to finish the rib drying.
2. The method for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves under drought conditions according to claim 1, wherein the main yellowing temperature of the tobacco leaves at the upper part is 42-43 ℃ in the yellowing stage, the tobacco leaves are dehumidified after being subjected to yellowing, and the tobacco leaves are prevented from being dehydrated quickly to enable the tobacco leaves in the air-rising type flue-curing barn to bake green leaf tips or the tobacco leaves in the air-falling type flue-curing barn to bake green leaf ears, and then the tobacco leaves are baked according to the steps 1-3.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104223343A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司 | Convenient and efficient bulk curing method for flue-cured tobacco |
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| KR950014172B1 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1995-11-22 | 합명회사국제산업공사 | Leaf tobacco drying control device and method |
| US8151804B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-04-10 | Williams Jonnie R | Tobacco curing method |
| CN106235371B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-06-01 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓县分公司 | Bulk curing barn dissipates the persistently overheating roasting fragrant roasting soft baking method of leaf accumulation dress cigarette |
| CN115444157B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-09-12 | 云南农业大学 | High-temperature drought upper tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN115813004A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-21 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A preparation method for improving the quality of sun-cured yellow tobacco leaves in a rainy and less sunny climate |
| CN116019246B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2025-08-22 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A baking method for reducing ash on upper tobacco leaves |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104223343A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司 | Convenient and efficient bulk curing method for flue-cured tobacco |
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