CN117250634B - Stratospheric scanning-free and blind-spot wind field detection lidar - Google Patents
Stratospheric scanning-free and blind-spot wind field detection lidar Download PDFInfo
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- CN117250634B CN117250634B CN202311500285.0A CN202311500285A CN117250634B CN 117250634 B CN117250634 B CN 117250634B CN 202311500285 A CN202311500285 A CN 202311500285A CN 117250634 B CN117250634 B CN 117250634B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/484—Transmitters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
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Abstract
The invention provides a stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar, which relates to the fields of laser remote sensing, atmospheric detection and photoelectric detection, wherein an optical fiber laser emits laser, the polarization characteristic of emitted light is controlled by a liquid crystal phase delay device based on voltage control, the emitted light is reflected and transmitted by a second polarization splitting prism to reach a first emission branch and a second emission branch in sequence, and the emitted light is emitted into the atmosphere in different directions after being expanded and shaped by a telescope to interact with atmospheric components to generate a backward scattering signal. The telescope receives echo signals in two mutually orthogonal directions successively and enters a receiving light path, after the signal light enters the Doppler frequency detection device, the light intensity of the two signal channels can change along with the Doppler frequency shift, the signal frequency change is converted into energy change, the energy change is received by the detector and the signal acquisition system, the wind speeds in the two mutually orthogonal directions are obtained through inversion respectively, and the information of the horizontal wind field is synthesized by vectors. The invention improves the performance of detection all the day.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of laser remote sensing, atmospheric detection and photoelectric detection, in particular to a stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar.
Background
Active atmosphere quality and component exchange and complicated dynamic radiation coupling exist between the stratosphere and the troposphere, and the climate change of the troposphere is greatly influenced. The atmospheric wind field detection of the stratosphere has important scientific significance for the atmospheric dynamics research, and is also an important foundation for the safety guarantee of the aviation and near space flight environments.
Currently, the prior art for measuring stratospheric wind speed mainly comprises a floating platform carrying an acoustic anemometer and a foundation anemometer laser radar. The sound wave anemometer calculates the wind speed by utilizing the time difference between the transmitted sound wave signal and the received sound wave signal and combining the propagation speed of the sound wave in the air, and the sound speed is greatly influenced by the temperature, so that the measuring precision of the method is low. The laser radar wind measuring technology is an advanced optical active remote sensing technology, and has the advantages of accurate angle orientation, small volume, strong maneuverability, high space-time resolution, large detection range, capability of detecting an atmospheric three-dimensional wind field and the like compared with other detection means. The foundation wind-measuring laser radar emits laser by using a laser, emits the laser to the atmosphere after beam expansion and collimation, is scattered by particles in the atmosphere after the attenuation of the atmosphere, receives a backward scattering signal of the particles received by an optical system, performs photoelectric conversion by a photoelectric detector, and finally acquires and calculates echo signals and performs data processing to obtain wind speed information. The foundation wind-measuring laser radar has low signal-to-noise ratio and low measurement precision due to strong sky background noise during daytime observation, and has single measurement direction, and if the ultra-narrow band filter consisting of the interference filter and the F-P etalon is used for inhibiting the sky background noise and the mechanical turntable or the scanning mirror is used for measuring a plurality of radial wind speeds, the optical structure is easy to be complicated, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar which is a scanning-free blind area-free laser radar device for detecting stratosphere wind field information, can change the polarization characteristic of a light beam by using a liquid crystal phase delay device based on voltage control, realizes the control of the detection direction of a light path, and has simple structure and low realization cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar device comprises: a transmitting optical path, a calibrating optical path and a receiving optical path. The emitting light path is sequentially provided with an optical fiber laser, a beam expander and a first polarization beam splitter prism from left to right. The transmitting light path is divided into a first transmitting branch and a second transmitting branch by a liquid crystal phase delayer based on voltage control and a second polarization splitting prism. The first transmitting branch and the second transmitting branch share a liquid crystal phase delayer and a second polarization splitting prism, wherein the first transmitting branch comprises a first quarter wave plate and a first telescope which are sequentially arranged; the second transmitting branch comprises a second quarter wave plate and a second telescope which are sequentially arranged. The calibration light path is formed by sequentially passing through a beam expander, a first polarization beam splitter prism, a third quarter wave plate, a beam splitter prism, a Fabry-Perot etalon, a first coupling lens, a second coupling lens and a first signal channel detector and a second signal channel detector from the optical fiber laser in the emission light path; the input of the receiving light path is received by a first telescope and a second telescope in the transmitting light path and sequentially passes through a first quarter wave plate, a second polarization beam splitting prism, a fourth quarter wave plate, a right angle reflecting mirror and an interference filter, and the receiving light path also comprises a beam splitting prism, a Fabry-Perot etalon, a first coupling lens, a second coupling lens and a first signal channel detector and a second signal channel detector which are shared with the calibrating light path.
The optical fiber laser is used for outputting pulse linearly polarized light; the beam expander is used for expanding the laser pulse light and compressing the divergence angle; the polarization beam splitter prism only allows P polarized light to pass through, and S polarized light is reflected on the beam splitting surface; the liquid crystal phase delayer based on voltage control changes the polarization state of incident light, and combines a polarization beam splitter prism to form an optical switch to realize the detection of scanning-free double-radial wind speed; the quarter wave plate is used for adjusting the polarization states of the emitted laser and the atmospheric back scattering light; the telescope adopts a receiving and transmitting coaxial design, so that blind areas of a laser radar system can be reduced as far as possible, and the detection range is effectively enlarged; the reflector is used for emitting the atmospheric back scattered light into the interference filter; the interference filter is used for ultra-narrow band filtering of the received echo signals; the beam splitting prism is used for splitting signals and transmitting the signals to the two signal channels of the Fabry-Perot etalon, and the Fabry-Perot etalon is used as a narrow-band frequency discriminator to carry out Doppler frequency discrimination on received echo signals so as to invert the atmospheric wind speed; the coupling lens is used for coupling the received echo signal to the photodetector. The calibration light path is used for emitting laser frequency locking and zero Doppler frequency calibration, the receiving light path receives the atmospheric echo signals of the two emitting branches in sequence, calculates wind speeds in two orthogonal directions and synthesizes horizontal wind field information.
The device is a stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar, a fiber laser emits laser, the polarization characteristic of emitted light is controlled by a liquid crystal phase delay device based on voltage control, the emitted light is reflected and transmitted by a second polarization beam splitting prism to reach a first emission branch and a second emission branch, and the emitted light is emitted into the atmosphere in different directions after being expanded and shaped by a telescope to interact with atmospheric components to generate a backward scattering signal. The telescope receives echo signals in two mutually orthogonal directions successively and enters a receiving light path, after the signal light enters the Doppler frequency detection device, the light intensity of the two signal channels can change along with the Doppler frequency shift, the signal frequency change is converted into energy change, the energy change is received by the detector and the signal acquisition system, the wind speeds in the two mutually orthogonal directions are obtained through inversion respectively, and the information of the horizontal wind field is synthesized by vectors.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention uses the liquid crystal phase delayer based on high-voltage control to control the polarization characteristic of the light beam, realizes the rapid measurement of the scanning-free dual-radial wind speed, adopts the design of the receiving and transmitting combined telescope, has smaller receiving field angle and no detection blind area, improves the performance of all-day detection, and has the following advantages:
(1) YAG fiber laser with tunable seed injection semiconductor pump and fundamental frequency of 1064nm output wavelength is adopted, and laser with 532nm output wavelength is obtained after frequency doubling. The device has the advantages of high efficiency, stable power, long service life, small pulse width, strong environmental adaptability and small volume, ensures the measurement accuracy, greatly reduces the occupied space of the whole system, and can be applied to occasions with higher volume requirements.
(2) The invention realizes the rapid measurement of the stratosphere scanning-free dual-radial wind speed, changes the polarization characteristic of incident light through the liquid crystal phase delay device based on voltage control, and controls the detection direction. When no voltage is provided for the liquid crystal phase delayer, the incident light beam becomes linearly polarized light with the vibration direction in the vertical direction, and the linearly polarized light is reflected into the first transmitting branch through the second polarization splitting prism; when the liquid crystal phase delayer is provided with 25V voltage, the incident light beam is changed into linearly polarized light with the vibration direction in the horizontal direction, and the linearly polarized light is transmitted into the second transmitting branch through the second polarizing prism, so that the wind speed detection in two mutually orthogonal directions can be realized.
(3) The system of the invention has no detection blind area, the working performance of the laser radar in daytime is deteriorated due to the influence of the sky background of the sun, the telescope adopts a method of receiving and transmitting co-located direct detection, and a coaxial transmission type structure is used, so that the receiving and transmitting are coaxial, and the coaxial transmission type structure does not need to be adjusted, and has the advantages of simple structure, high light path stability and the like. Meanwhile, the invention directly detects the horizontal direction and has smaller receiving field angle, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of the solar background in the vertical direction and improving the receiving efficiency of the laser radar signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a light path diagram of a stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the stratosphere scanning-free and blind-zone-free wind field detection laser radar of the invention comprises: the tunable pulse fiber laser comprises a tunable pulse fiber laser 1, a beam expander 2, a first polarization beam splitter prism 3, a liquid crystal phase retarder 4, a second polarization beam splitter prism 5, a first quarter wave plate 6, a first telescope 7, a second quarter wave plate 8, a second telescope 9, a third quarter wave plate 10, a fourth quarter wave plate 11, a right angle reflector 12, an interference filter 13, a beam splitter prism 14, a Fabry-Perot etalon 15, a first coupling lens 16, a first signal channel detector 17, a second coupling lens 18 and a second signal channel detector 19.
The stratosphere scanning-free blind area-free wind field detection laser radar mainly comprises a transmitting light path, a calibrating light path and a receiving light path.
In the transmitting light path, a tunable pulse fiber laser 1, a beam expander 2 and a first polarization splitting prism 3 are sequentially arranged, and transmitting signals in the transmitting light path are divided into a first transmitting branch and a second transmitting branch through an optical switch formed by a liquid crystal phase delay 4 based on voltage control and a second polarization splitting prism 5. The first transmitting branch and the second transmitting branch share the liquid crystal phase delayer 4 and the second polarization splitting prism 5, wherein the first transmitting branch comprises a first quarter wave plate 6 and a first telescope 7 which are sequentially arranged; the second transmitting branch comprises a second quarter wave plate 8 and a second telescope 9 arranged in sequence.
The input signal of the calibration light path is an emergent laser signal reflected by the laser in the emission light path sequentially through the beam expander 2 and the first polarization beam splitter prism 3; the calibration optical path includes a third quarter wave plate 10, a beam splitting prism 14, a fabry-perot etalon 15, first and second coupling lenses 16 and 18, and first and second signal path detectors 17 and 19, which are sequentially arranged.
The input signal of the receiving light path is received by a first telescope 7 of a first transmitting branch in the transmitting light path and is transmitted by a first quarter wave plate 6 and a second polarization splitting prism 5 in sequence to form an echo signal, and the echo signal is transmitted by a fourth quarter wave plate 11, a right angle reflecting mirror 12 and an interference filter 13 in sequence; the echo signals received by the second telescope 9 of the second transmitting branch and reflected by the second quarter wave plate 8 and the second polarization splitting prism 5 in sequence pass through the fourth quarter wave plate 11, the right angle reflecting mirror 12 and the interference filter 13 in sequence; also included are a splitting prism 14, a fabry-perot etalon 15, first and second coupling lenses 16, 18, and first and second signal path detectors 17, 19, which are shared with the collimated light path.
The working process of the invention is divided into the following 4 stages:
stage 1, tunable pulse fiber laser 1 outputs 532nm tunable linearly polarized laser pulse process: YAG fiber laser, which is a 1064nm tunable seed injection type semiconductor pump, is adopted by the tunable pulse fiber laser 1, 532nm tunable linear polarization laser pulse is output after frequency doubling conversion, the power is 500mW, the pulse energy is 10uJ, the linewidth is 400MHz, the pulse repetition frequency is 50KHz, the divergence angle is 1.5mrad, the spot diameter is about 1mm, and the tunable pulse fiber laser 1 can adjust the center wavelength of emitted laser according to the instruction sent by an industrial personal computer and is used for periodically emitting laser with the wavelength of 532nm to the atmosphere. The tunable pulse fiber laser 1 adopts a tunable pulse laser, has the advantages of narrow linewidth, high integration, small volume and more reliable operation of a laser with a totally-enclosed light path, has strong environmental adaptability, and can stably operate for a long time in a relatively severe environment.
The tunable pulse fiber laser 1 emits 532nm linear polarized light, expands the beam by the beam expander 2, compresses the divergence angle and the first polarization splitting prism 3, and then is divided into a first transmitting branch and a second transmitting branch by an optical switch consisting of the liquid crystal phase delayer 4 and the second polarization splitting prism 5 based on voltage control. When the liquid crystal phase delayer 4 is not powered on, the transmitting light path is reflected by the second polarization splitting prism 5 to enter the first quarter wave plate 6 of the first transmitting branch, the linearly polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light, and then the circularly polarized light is transmitted to the atmosphere through the first telescope 7 to interact with molecules in the atmosphere; when the liquid crystal phase delayer 4 is supplied with 25V voltage, the transmitting light path is transmitted into the second quarter wave plate 8 of the second transmitting branch through the second polarization splitting prism 5, the linearly polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light, and then the circularly polarized light is transmitted into the atmosphere through the second telescope 9 to interact with molecules in the atmosphere.
Stage 2, atmosphere back scattering echo receiving process: the same device is adopted for emitting the outgoing laser and receiving the back scattered laser, so that no detection blind area and smaller receiving field angle are realized. In the first transmitting branch, the echo signal is received by the first telescope 7 and enters the first quarter wave plate 6, at this time, the circularly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light, the polarization direction and the polarization direction of the emergent laser form 90 degrees, and the transmission occurs at the second polarization splitting prism 5 and enters the receiving light path; in the second transmitting branch, the echo signal is received by the second telescope 9 and enters the second quarter wave plate 8, at this time, the circularly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light, the polarization direction and the polarization direction of the emergent laser form 90 degrees, and the reflection occurs at the second polarization splitting prism 5 and enters the receiving light path; then, the light is reflected by the right angle reflecting mirror 12, enters the interference filter 13 to filter the background light, is led into the beam splitting prism 14, the light beam is split into two beams according to the ratio of 50:50, and respectively enters the first signal channel and the second signal channel of the Fabry-Perot etalon 15, finally, the emergent light of the first signal channel is coupled into the first signal channel detector 17 by the first coupling lens 16 to be detected, and the emergent light of the second signal channel is coupled into the second signal channel detector 19 by the second coupling lens 18 to be detected.
Stage 3, emergent laser frequency monitoring process: the input of the calibration light path is an emergent laser signal which is reflected by a tunable pulse fiber laser 1 in the emission light path through a beam expander 2 and a first polarization splitting prism 3 in sequence; the calibration optical path includes a third quarter wave plate 10, a beam splitting prism 14, a fabry-perot etalon 15, first and second coupling lenses 16 and 18, and first and second signal path detectors 17 and 19, which are sequentially arranged. The calibration optical path is used for outgoing laser frequency locking and zero Doppler frequency calibration.
Stage 4, wind speed acquisition and processing: the back scattering optical signal of the receiving optical path is subjected to spectrum analysis through a first signal channel and a second signal channel of the Fabry-Perot etalon 15, the Fabry-Perot etalon 15 is used as a narrow-band frequency discriminator to detect Doppler frequency shift, the Doppler frequency discriminator comprises the first signal channel and the second signal channel, an optical signal is detected by adopting a detection component with high quantum efficiency, and an electric signal of the detector is collected by a photon counter and is sent to a computer for processing. When the Doppler frequency shift is not available, the transmittance obtained by the first signal channel is the same as that obtained by the second signal channel, when the echo signal generates the frequency shift of the first signal channel and the second signal channel relative to the emergent laser, the transmittance of the first signal channel and the transmittance of the second signal channel are not equal any more, the Doppler frequency shift is calculated through the ratio of the transmittance of the first signal channel and the transmittance of the second signal channel, namely, the frequency difference value of scattered light and emergent light is calculated, the real-time wind speed can be obtained, and the horizontal wind field information is synthesized by measuring the wind speeds in two mutually orthogonal directions in real time.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
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