CN117191249B - High-strength bolt torque detection method and detection system based on random sampling - Google Patents
High-strength bolt torque detection method and detection system based on random sampling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及钢结构工程技术领域，具体地指一种基于随机抽样的高强螺栓扭矩检测方法和检测系统。按照以下步骤进行：S1、从待测目标上随机选取多个高强螺栓并获取选取高强螺栓的扭矩，对选取的高强螺栓的扭矩数据进行检验，直至得到检验合格的高强螺栓；S2、基于检验合格的高强螺栓的扭矩、待测高强螺栓的扭矩、待测目标设计预拉力以及高强螺栓的公称直径计算基准扭矩系数和待测扭矩系数；S3、将基准扭矩系数、待测扭矩系数与设定范围进行比对，根据比对情况判断待测高强螺栓的扭矩是否合格。本申请对待测高强螺栓的扭矩检测是与待测目标的高强螺栓扭矩整体水平相关联的，反映的是所处待测目标环境下对待测目标的高强螺栓扭矩的影响。
The present invention relates to the technical field of steel structure engineering, and specifically refers to a high-strength bolt torque detection method and detection system based on random sampling. The following steps are followed: S1. Randomly select multiple high-strength bolts from the target to be tested and obtain the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, and inspect the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts until the high-strength bolts that pass the inspection are obtained; S2. Calculate the reference torque coefficient and the torque coefficient to be tested based on the torque of the high-strength bolts that pass the inspection, the torque of the high-strength bolts to be tested, the design pre-tension of the target to be tested, and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts; S3. Compare the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be tested with the set range, and judge whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be tested is qualified according to the comparison. The torque detection of the high-strength bolts to be tested in this application is related to the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be tested, and reflects the influence of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be tested in the environment of the target to be tested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure engineering, in particular to a high-strength bolt torque detection method and system based on random sampling.
Background
The high-strength bolt connection is a main connection form of the current steel structure engineering, and has excellent stress performance, fatigue resistance and earthquake resistance. And the construction is simple and convenient, the application range is wide, and the method is one of the main connection methods for field installation of steel structure engineering at present. However, in the practical application process of the high-strength bolt, part of construction units neglect the importance of the screwing technology, the screwing steps are random, construction details are not noted, damage and accidents such as failure and fracture of the high-strength bolt are caused, and the safety of a steel structure is seriously threatened. The torque detection is timely carried out after the high-strength bolt is screwed, so that the construction quality of the high-strength bolt can be effectively improved, but the traditional method for detecting the tightness degree of the bolt is manual detection at present, the tightness degree of the bolt on a steel structure is randomly sampled and detected or completely detected through auxiliary tools such as a torque wrench, and the traditional high-strength bolt torque detection method is complex, time and labor are wasted, the torque detection results of each high-strength bolt are mutually independent, and the high-strength bolt torque detection results have no relevance and are difficult to match with the engineering site environment.
The invention also provides a method for detecting high-strength bolt torque by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle image space positioning mode, and Chinese patent application No. CN113447255A entitled "bolt node loosening detection method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle image space positioning" discloses a method for detecting bolt node loosening of an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps of S1, obtaining structural design drawings and position information of a plurality of bolts to be detected, determining the original size of the bolt heads of the bolts to be detected, and calculating to obtain theoretical deformation data of the bolt heads in a tightening state;
S2, acquiring an image of the bolt head through a steel structure where the unmanned aerial vehicle surrounds the bolt to be detected according to the position information of the bolt to be detected, and recording space coordinates during image acquisition, S3, calculating the current size of the bolt head according to the image and the space coordinates of the bolt head of the bolt to be detected, S4, comparing and analyzing the current size of the bolt head of the bolt to be detected with theoretical deformation data, and judging and identifying the loosening condition of the bolt to be detected according to a preset deformation threshold value. The detection method is based on unmanned aerial vehicle image recognition, and whether the current bolt is in a screwed state or not is judged by comparing the screwed size of the standard bolt with the size of the field shooting bolt. This method requires the input of equipment such as an unmanned plane, and is expensive to use, and the equipped image processing equipment also requires a lot of cost. In addition, the mode is a mode of all measurement, namely each bolt needs to be detected, the detection mode is quite complicated, the torque detection of each bolt is independent, no correlation exists between the bolts, the bolts are compared with standard tightening conditions, the bolts are not matched with the engineering site environment, the condition of influencing the torque of the bolts in the environment where the bolts are located cannot be truly reflected, and the method is not applicable to high-strength bolt torque detection in steel structure engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provides a high-strength bolt torque detection method and a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling is carried out according to the following steps:
S1, randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from a target to be detected, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, acquiring the torque of the bolt to be detected from the same target to be detected, checking the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts, and replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the checking is failed until the checked high-strength bolts are obtained;
S2, calculating a reference torque coefficient and a torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt which is qualified in the test, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the design pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
s3, comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range, and judging whether the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified or not according to the comparison condition.
The method for detecting the torque of the high-strength bolt based on random sampling comprises the steps of carrying out normal inspection on the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt, if the inspection significance level accords with the set inspection significance level, the selected high-strength bolt is qualified, and if the inspection significance level does not accord with the set inspection significance level, the selected high-strength bolt is unqualified.
The method for replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the inspection is failed comprises the steps of randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from an object to be inspected again, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts again, enabling the selected high-strength bolts to be misaligned with the selected high-strength bolts again, classifying the selected high-strength bolts into a big data set and a small data set according to the torque, sorting the unqualified high-strength bolts according to the torque, sequentially replacing at least one high-strength bolt on the side with larger torque in the high-strength bolts with the high-strength bolts in the big data set, sequentially replacing at least one high-strength bolt on the side with smaller torque in the high-strength bolts with the small data set, and completing replacement of the selected high-strength bolts.
According to the high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, in the step S2, the method for calculating the reference torque coefficient based on the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified by the detection, the target design pretension to be detected and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt comprises the following steps of calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolt which is qualified by the detection, and calculating the reference torque coefficient according to the following formula:
wherein, K 0 is a reference torque coefficient;
t 0 -average torque of qualified high-strength bolts;
p-design pretension of target to be measured;
d-the nominal diameter of the high strength bolt.
The method for calculating the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the design pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt in the step S2 comprises the following steps of calculating the torque coefficient to be measured of the high-strength bolt to be measured according to the following formula,
Wherein, K i is the torque coefficient to be measured;
T i, namely measuring the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured;
p-design pretension of target to be measured;
d-the nominal diameter of the high strength bolt.
The method for comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range in the step S3 comprises the step of comparing the ratio of the torque coefficient to be detected to the reference torque coefficient with the set range, wherein the set range is defined by a lower limit value and an upper limit value, if the ratio is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected is judged to be qualified, otherwise, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected is judged to be unqualified.
According to the high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, the lower limit value is 08-0.9, and the upper limit value is 1.0-1.1.
The application also provides a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling, which detects according to the high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling, and comprises,
The acquisition module is used for randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from a target to be detected, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts and acquiring the torque of the high-strength bolts to be detected;
The testing module is used for testing the obtained high-strength bolt torque and replacing the selected high-strength bolt when the high-strength bolt is unqualified until the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified is obtained;
The first determining module calculates a reference torque coefficient according to the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified through inspection, the target design pretension to be detected and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
The second determining module is used for calculating a torque coefficient to be measured according to the torque data of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the designed pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
and the judging module is used for comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range so as to judge whether the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified or not.
According to the present application, there is provided a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling, the inspection module comprising,
The normal checking module is used for carrying out normal checking on the selected high-strength bolt torque and judging whether the selected high-strength bolt torque accepts normal assumption or not;
And the replacement module is used for replacing the selected high-strength bolt when the torque of the selected high-strength bolt does not accord with the normal assumption.
According to the high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the application, the first determining module comprises,
The average value calculation module is used for calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified in inspection;
And the reference torque coefficient calculation module is used for calculating a reference torque coefficient according to the ratio of the average torque to the product of the pre-tensioning force of the target design to be tested and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.
According to the high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the application, the second determining module comprises,
The to-be-measured torque coefficient calculation module is used for calculating the to-be-measured torque coefficient according to the ratio of the to-be-measured high-strength bolt torque to the product of the pre-tension of the to-be-measured target design and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.
According to the high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling provided by the application, the judging module comprises,
The ratio calculating module is used for calculating the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured to the reference torque coefficient;
And the comparison module is used for comparing the ratio with the set range, judging that the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified if the ratio is in the set range, and otherwise, judging that the torque of the bolt to be detected is unqualified.
The torque detection method has the advantages that 1, a plurality of high-strength bolts are randomly selected from a target to be detected, the torque of the high-strength bolts after detection accords with the integral level of the torque of the high-strength bolts on the target to be detected, namely, the torque of the high-strength bolts after detection is qualified and randomly selected can represent the condition of the torque of the high-strength bolts on the target to be detected, the torque of the high-strength bolts to be detected is compared with the data after the data processing is carried out on the torque of the high-strength bolts to be detected, and whether the torque of the high-strength bolts to be detected accords with the integral level of the torque of the high-strength bolts on the target to be detected can be judged;
2. According to the application, through normal verification of the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt, whether the torque of the randomly selected high-strength bolt can truly reflect the integral torque level of the high-strength bolt on the target to be tested can be judged by normal verification, if the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt does not accept normal assumption, a new high-strength bolt needs to be replaced until the torque data of the high-strength bolt conforming to the normal verification is obtained, so that an analysis basis can be provided for whether the high-strength bolt to be tested conforms to the integral torque level of the high-strength bolt on the target to be tested or not;
3. When the torque data of the high-strength bolt is unqualified, the method can select a plurality of high-strength bolts from the target to be tested again at random to replace, and then perform the re-verification, the data replacement mode is very simple, the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt can be enabled to be in line with the normal verification, the torque data which is in line with the whole level of the torque of the high-strength bolt on the target to be tested can be obtained quickly, and a good basis is provided for accurately analyzing the high-strength bolt to be tested;
4. according to the application, the standard torque coefficient capable of reflecting the whole level of the high-strength bolt torque in the target to be tested is calculated through the average torque of the high-strength bolt which is qualified by the test, the design pretension of the target to be tested and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt, the calculation mode is simple, the calculated result reflects the torque level of the target to be tested, and the subsequent further analysis is convenient;
5. According to the application, the torque coefficient to be measured is calculated through the torque of the bolt to be measured, the designed pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt, the torque coefficient to be measured can reflect the torque state of the bolt to be measured under the condition of the designed pretension of the target to be measured, the real torque condition of the bolt to be measured under the target to be measured can be accurately reflected by comparing the torque coefficient to be measured with the reference torque coefficient, the whole calculation mode is simple, and the calculation analysis is accurate;
6. According to the application, the real condition of the high-strength bolt to be detected in the torque data of the high-strength bolt in the target to be detected can be accurately judged by comparing the torque coefficient to be detected with the reference torque coefficient, whether the high-strength bolt to be detected accords with the whole torque condition of the high-strength bolt in the target to be detected can be obtained by comparing the torque coefficient to be detected with the set range, the analysis mode is simple, the analysis result is completely associated with the environment, and the torque condition of the high-strength bolt to be detected is truly reflected.
The torque detection of the high-strength bolt to be detected is related to the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be detected, reflects the influence of the high-strength bolt torque of the target to be detected in the environment of the target to be detected, reflects the situation more truly, has a simple whole detection method, is convenient to use, and has great popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the detection method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an orthotropic steel deck plate according to an embodiment of the present application;
the steel bridge deck comprises a first orthotropic steel bridge deck body, a second orthotropic steel bridge deck body, a first U-shaped rib, a second orthotropic steel bridge deck body, a second U-shaped rib and a high-strength bolt.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
The application relates to a high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling and a corresponding detection system, wherein the high-strength bolt torque detection method is characterized in that a plurality of high-strength bolts are randomly selected from a target to be detected for detection, high-strength bolt torque data capable of reflecting the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque in the target to be detected is obtained through repeated detection and repeated selection, then the obtained high-strength bolt torque data is used as a basis for judging the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected, and in this way, whether the high-strength bolt to be detected accords with the overall level of the high-strength bolt torque in the target to be detected or not can be accurately judged.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the detection method of the present application is performed according to the following steps:
s1, randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts (at least more than 10, the number of which is too small and possibly causes a subsequent test period to be too long) from a target to be tested, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, acquiring the torque of the bolt to be tested from the same target to be tested, testing the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts, and replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the test is failed until the high-strength bolts which are qualified are obtained;
the purpose of obtaining the high-strength bolts qualified in inspection is to obtain torque data of a plurality of high-strength bolts which can truly reflect the overall level of the torque of the high-strength bolts in the target to be tested, so that the data analysis can be conveniently carried out by taking the torque data as an analysis basis;
S2, calculating a reference torque coefficient and a torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt which is qualified in the test, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the design pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
The reference torque coefficient represents the torque overall level of the high-strength bolt in the target to be detected, and the torque coefficient to be detected represents the torque condition of the high-strength bolt to be detected under the design condition of the target to be detected;
s3, comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range, and judging whether the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified or not according to the comparison condition.
By comparing the comparison condition of the torque coefficient to be detected and the reference torque coefficient with the set range, whether the torque of the to-be-detected high-strength bolt accords with the integral level of the torque of the high-strength bolt in the to-be-detected target can be judged.
In some embodiments of the present application, the present embodiment optimizes the step S1 described above. The object to be measured is a steel structure or a system formed by a plurality of steel structures, and a plurality of groups of high-strength bolts are arranged on the object to be measured. As described above, in this embodiment, the selection of the high-strength bolts in the target to be tested is random, and the random selection manner can more truly reflect the overall torque condition of the high-strength bolts in the current working environment of the target to be tested. The random sampling mode includes but is not limited to simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, hierarchical random sampling and the like. Or the torque of the high-strength bolts at a plurality of selected positions in the target to be detected can be obtained, and the torque at the selected positions can reflect the integral torque condition of the high-strength bolts at the specific positions of the target to be detected under the current working environment.
The method of obtaining the torque of the high-strength bolt can be a method including a loose-back fastening method or a fastening method, and the method of obtaining the torque is a common technical means for those skilled in the art, and is not described herein.
In this embodiment, the torque of the selected high-strength bolt is subjected to a normal test, and a Shapiro-Wilk test is adopted, and the specific test steps can be carried out according to the method specified in "statistical processing and interpretation of data normal test" (GB/T4882-2001), and the specific steps are not described herein. In this example, a test significance level of 0.05 was specified.
The torque of the selected high-strength bolt is verified in the normal verification mode, when the verification result is that the normal assumption is accepted, the torque of the selected high-strength bolt at the moment is proved to be capable of reflecting the whole torque level of the high-strength bolt in the current target to be tested, and the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt can be reserved for subsequent use.
And if the test result is refusal to accept the normal assumption, selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts (at least two high-strength bolts can be even or odd) from the target to be tested again, acquiring the torque of the high-strength bolts, separating the high-strength bolts selected again into a large data group and a small data group according to the torque size (if the data are even, the data can be evenly distributed, if the data are odd, the large data group can be one more data than the small data group, or the small data group can be one more data than the large data group), sorting the high-strength bolts which are unqualified in test according to the torque size, sequentially replacing at least one high-strength bolt which is positioned on one side with larger torque in the high-strength bolts which are unqualified in test by using the high-strength bolts in the large data group, sequentially replacing at least one high-strength bolt which is positioned on one side with smaller torque in the high-strength bolts which are unqualified in test by using the high-strength bolts in the small data group, and completing the replacement of the selected high-strength bolts. And then carrying out normal inspection on the torque of the replaced high-strength bolt again to see whether the torque of the replaced high-strength bolt is qualified or not, and if the torque of the replaced high-strength bolt is not qualified, continuing to replace the high-strength bolt according to the mode until the torque data of the qualified high-strength bolt is finally obtained.
And then randomly selecting m high-strength bolts from the to-be-detected target, wherein the selected m high-strength bolts are not overlapped with the n high-strength bolts, the torque of the m high-strength bolts is respectively F1 and f2. (and is arranged according to the order from small arrival), the torque of the m high-strength bolts is divided into a large data set and a small data set, the torque of m/2 high-strength bolts of the large data set is respectively Fm/2+1 and Fm/2+2, the torque of m/2 high-strength bolts of the small data set is F1 and f2., and then F2 of the large data set is replaced with F1 and Fm/2+2, and F1 and F2 of the large data set are replaced with F1 and Fm/2+2 of the F2 high-strength bolts, respectively.
In practical application, the number of the high-strength bolts selected in advance is larger than the number of the high-strength bolts selected in later, namely n > m, or the number of the high-strength bolts selected in advance is equal to the number of the high-strength bolts selected in later, namely n=m. The corresponding selection can be performed according to the actual requirements.
After the torque replacement of the selected high-strength bolt is completed, carrying out normal test on the replaced high-strength bolt torque, if a normal assumption is received, reserving the set of high-strength bolt torque data for subsequent use, otherwise, continuing to replace the set of bolt torque according to the steps until the set of high-strength bolt torque data receiving the normal assumption is obtained.
In other embodiments of the present application, the present embodiment optimizes the step S2 described above. In the step S2, the method for calculating the reference torque coefficient based on the qualified high-strength bolt torque, the target design pretension to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt comprises the steps of calculating the average torque of the qualified high-strength bolt, and calculating the reference torque coefficient according to the following formula:
wherein, K 0 is a reference torque coefficient;
t 0 -average torque of qualified high-strength bolts;
p-design pretension of target to be measured;
d-the nominal diameter of the high strength bolt.
In the step S2, the method for calculating the torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the pre-tension designed by the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt is that the torque coefficient to be measured of the high-strength bolt to be measured is calculated according to the following formula,
Wherein, K i is the torque coefficient to be measured;
T i, namely measuring the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured;
p-design pretension of target to be measured;
d-the nominal diameter of the high strength bolt.
In a further embodiment of the present application, the step S3 is optimized, and specifically, the method for comparing the reference torque coefficient, the to-be-measured torque coefficient and the set range includes that the ratio of the to-be-measured torque coefficient to the reference torque coefficient is compared with the set range, the set range is defined by a lower limit value and an upper limit value, if the ratio is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value, the torque of the to-be-measured high-strength bolt is judged to be qualified, otherwise, the torque of the to-be-measured high-strength bolt is judged to be unqualified.
The lower limit t1 of the present embodiment is 08 to 0.9, preferably 0.9, and the upper limit t2 of the present embodiment is 1.0 to 1.1, preferably 1.1.
Namely M=K i/K0, wherein M is the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured to the reference torque coefficient, if t1 is not less than M and not more than t2, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured is judged to be qualified, otherwise, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured is not qualified, namely M > t2 or M < t1.
Taking a specific case as an example, the object to be tested is the orthotropic steel bridge deck in fig. 2, the first U rib 2 connecting the first orthotropic steel bridge deck 1 and the second U rib 4 connecting the second orthotropic steel bridge deck 3 are connected by adopting 96 groups of high-strength bolts 5, the high-strength bolts adopt 10.9S class M22 large hexagonal high-strength bolts, the pre-tension force is designed to be 190kN, and the nominal diameter is 22mm.
16 High-strength bolts are randomly selected from 96 groups of high-strength bolts, the selected 16 high-strength bolts are numbered, and the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts is obtained, and the specific situation is shown in the table I.
TABLE I Torque of randomly selected 16 high strength bolts
The torque of the 16 high-strength bolts is subjected to normal test, the Shapiro-Wilk (Charpy-Weirk) test is adopted, the specific test steps can be carried out according to the method specified in data statistics and interpretation normal test (GB/T4882-2001), and the test significance level is 0.05.
The torque of the 16 high-strength bolts is subjected to normal test, and the 16 torque data are directly reserved for subsequent use when receiving normal assumption. When the torque data of 16 high-strength bolts refuses the normal assumption, the torque of 6 high-strength bolts in the orthotropic steel bridge deck plate is randomly acquired again (the 6 high-strength bolts selected again are not repeated with the 16 high-strength bolts of the last time),
The torque data of 16 high-strength bolts randomly acquired at last are replaced by using the torque of 6 high-strength bolts randomly acquired at second, the torque of 6 high-strength bolts randomly acquired at last is arranged according to the sequence of the sizes and is divided into three groups of data with large values and three groups of data with small values, then the three groups of data with large values are utilized to replace the three largest torques of the 16 high-strength bolts selected before the replacement, the three groups of data with small values are utilized to replace the three smallest torques of the 16 high-strength bolts selected before the replacement, and then the torque of the high-strength bolts after the replacement is subjected to the normalization test again until the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts is subjected to the normalization test to receive the normalization distribution.
The method can also adopt another mode to replace, when the torque data of the selected 16 high-strength bolts refuses the normal assumption, the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts in the orthotropic steel bridge deck is randomly acquired again (the 16 high-strength bolts selected again are not repeated with the 16 high-strength bolts selected last time), the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts acquired this time is used for replacing the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts acquired last time, and the normal inspection is carried out on the torque after replacement again until the torque of the 16 high-strength bolts is subjected to the normal inspection to receive normal distribution.
After obtaining the torque data of the qualified 16 high-strength bolts, calculating the average torque of the qualified 16 high-strength bolts, and calculating according to the table one to obtain the average torque T 0 as 552.4 kN.m. The designed pretension P of the orthotropic steel bridge deck plate of the embodiment is 190kN, the nominal diameter d of the high-strength bolt is 22mm, and the reference torque coefficient K 0 is calculated to be 0.132 according to the above formula.
And obtaining torque T i of the bolt to be detected to be high strength to 581.1 kN.m, and calculating a torque coefficient K i to be detected to be 0.139 according to the formula.
And the ratio M of the torque coefficient to be measured to the reference torque coefficient is 1.053,1.053, which is within the set range of 0.9-1.1, so that the torque of the bolt to be measured to high strength is proved to be qualified.
The high-strength bolt selected by the application has the same model specification as the high-strength bolt to be detected and is positioned in the same target to be detected, so that the reference torque coefficient has detection and reference significance on the torque coefficient of the high-strength bolt to be detected.
The application further provides a high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling, the detection system specifically comprises an acquisition module, a detection module, a first determination module, a second determination module and a judgment module, wherein the acquisition module is used for randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from a target to be detected, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts and the torque of the high-strength bolts to be detected, the detection module is used for detecting the obtained high-strength bolt torque and replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the detection is failed until the high-strength bolt torque is obtained when the detection is failed, the first determination module is used for calculating a reference torque coefficient according to the high-strength bolt torque which is detected to be qualified, the target to be detected, the designed pretension and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts, the second determination module is used for calculating the torque coefficient to be detected according to the high-strength bolt torque data to be detected, the target to be detected, the designed pretension and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolts, and the judgment module is used for comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range so as to judge whether the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected is qualified or not.
The testing module comprises a normal testing module and a replacement module, wherein the normal testing module is used for carrying out normal testing on the selected high-strength bolt torque and judging whether the selected high-strength bolt torque accepts normal assumption or not, and the replacement module is used for replacing the selected high-strength bolt when the selected high-strength bolt torque does not accord with the normal assumption.
The first determining module comprises a mean value calculating module and a reference torque coefficient calculating module, wherein the mean value calculating module is used for calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified in inspection, and the reference torque coefficient calculating module is used for calculating the reference torque coefficient according to the ratio of the average torque to the product of the pre-tensioning force of the target design to be detected and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.
The second determining module comprises a to-be-measured coefficient calculating module, wherein the to-be-measured torque coefficient calculating module is used for calculating the to-be-measured torque coefficient according to the ratio of the to-be-measured high-strength bolt torque to the product of the pre-tension of the to-be-measured target design and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.
The judging module comprises a ratio calculating module and a comparison module, wherein the ratio calculating module is used for calculating the ratio of the torque coefficient to be detected to the reference torque coefficient, the comparison module is used for comparing the ratio with a set range, if the ratio is in the set range, the torque of the bolt to be detected is judged to be qualified, otherwise, the torque of the bolt to be detected is judged to be unqualified.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from a target to be detected, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts, acquiring the torque of the bolt to be detected from the same target to be detected, checking the torque data of the selected high-strength bolts, and replacing the selected high-strength bolts when the checking is failed until the checked high-strength bolts are obtained;
S2, calculating a reference torque coefficient and a torque coefficient to be measured based on the torque of the high-strength bolt which is qualified in the test, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the design pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
S3, comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range, and judging whether the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified or not according to the comparison condition;
In the step S1, the method for checking the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt comprises the steps of carrying out normal checking on the torque data of the selected high-strength bolt, if the checking significance level accords with the set checking significance level, the selected high-strength bolt is qualified, and if the checking significance level does not accord with the set checking significance level, the selected high-strength bolt is unqualified.
2. A method for detecting torque of high-strength bolts based on random sampling is characterized in that in the step S1, when the high-strength bolts are failed to be detected, the method comprises the steps of randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts again from a target to be detected and obtaining torque of the high-strength bolts again, wherein the high-strength bolts again are not overlapped with the selected high-strength bolts, the high-strength bolts again are divided into a big data set and a small data set according to the torque, the high-strength bolts which are failed to be detected are ranked according to the torque, at least one high-strength bolt which is located on the side with larger torque in the high-strength bolts which are failed to be detected is replaced in sequence by the high-strength bolts in the big data set, and at least one high-strength bolt which is located on the side with smaller torque in the high-strength bolts which are failed to be detected is replaced in sequence by the high-strength bolts in the small data set, so that replacement of the selected high-strength bolts is completed.
3. The method for detecting the torque of the high-strength bolt based on random sampling according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method for calculating the reference torque coefficient based on the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified by the test, the target design pretension to be detected and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt comprises the steps of calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolt which is qualified by the test, and calculating the reference torque coefficient according to the following formula:
wherein, K 0 is a reference torque coefficient;
t 0 -average torque of qualified high-strength bolts;
p-design pretension of target to be measured;
d-the nominal diameter of the high strength bolt.
4. The method for detecting the torque of the high-strength bolt based on random sampling according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method for calculating the torque coefficient to be detected based on the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected, the pre-tension of the target design to be detected and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt to be detected comprises the steps of calculating the torque coefficient to be detected of the high-strength bolt to be detected according to the following formula,
Wherein, K i is the torque coefficient to be measured;
T i, namely measuring the torque of the high-strength bolt to be measured;
p-design pretension of target to be measured;
d-the nominal diameter of the high strength bolt.
5. The method for detecting the torque of the high-strength bolt based on random sampling according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range are compared, the ratio of the torque coefficient to be detected to the reference torque coefficient is compared with the set range, the set range is defined by a lower limit value and an upper limit value, if the ratio is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected is judged to be qualified, otherwise, the torque of the high-strength bolt to be detected is judged to be unqualified.
6. A high-strength bolt torque detection system based on random sampling is characterized in that the detection system detects according to the high-strength bolt torque detection method based on random sampling as set forth in any one of claims 1-5, comprising,
The acquisition module is used for randomly selecting a plurality of high-strength bolts from a target to be detected, acquiring the torque of the selected high-strength bolts and acquiring the torque of the high-strength bolts to be detected;
The testing module is used for testing the obtained high-strength bolt torque and replacing the selected high-strength bolt when the high-strength bolt is unqualified until the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified is obtained;
The first determining module calculates a reference torque coefficient according to the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified through inspection, the target design pretension to be detected and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
The second determining module is used for calculating a torque coefficient to be measured according to the torque data of the high-strength bolt to be measured, the designed pretension of the target to be measured and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt;
The judging module is used for comparing the reference torque coefficient, the torque coefficient to be detected and the set range so as to judge whether the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified or not;
The inspection module may comprise a plurality of inspection modules,
The normal checking module is used for carrying out normal checking on the selected high-strength bolt torque and judging whether the selected high-strength bolt torque accepts normal assumption or not;
And the replacement module is used for replacing the selected high-strength bolt when the torque of the selected high-strength bolt does not accord with the normal assumption.
7. A high tensile bolt torque detection system based on random sampling as recited in claim 6, wherein said first determination module comprises,
The average value calculation module is used for calculating the average torque of the high-strength bolt torque which is qualified in inspection;
And the reference torque coefficient calculation module is used for calculating a reference torque coefficient according to the ratio of the average torque to the product of the pre-tensioning force of the target design to be tested and the nominal diameter of the high-strength bolt.
8. The high-strength bolt torque detecting system based on random sampling according to claim 6, wherein said judging module comprises,
The ratio calculating module is used for calculating the ratio of the torque coefficient to be measured to the reference torque coefficient;
And the comparison module is used for comparing the ratio with the set range, judging that the torque of the bolt to be detected is qualified if the ratio is in the set range, and otherwise, judging that the torque of the bolt to be detected is unqualified.
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| CN111259554A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-09 | 山东大学 | Big data analysis-based bulldozer torque-variable speed-change device assembly process detection and analysis system and method |
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| KR101198224B1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-11-07 | 한국전력공사 | Torque predicting method of heavy hexagon high strength bolt according to ambient temperature |
| CN206114179U (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Measure device that high strength bolt connects vice torque coefficient |
| CN112033597B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-05-10 | 苏州博昇科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic dual-wave rapid calibration and detection method for high-strength bolt axial force |
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| CN111259554A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-09 | 山东大学 | Big data analysis-based bulldozer torque-variable speed-change device assembly process detection and analysis system and method |
| CN115901269A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-04-04 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Method for measuring assembling quality of reciprocating engine crankshaft and automatic measuring mechanism |
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