CN117185736A - Large-volume radiation-proof concrete and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Large-volume radiation-proof concrete and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-volume radiation-proof concrete and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-180 parts of cement; 900-1000 parts of iron tailing crushed stone; 800-900 parts of iron tailing machine-made sand; 80-100 parts of iron tailing micro powder; 30-50 parts of iron tailing nano powder; 5-10 parts of water reducer; 120-150 parts of water. According to the invention, the radiation protection effect and the cracking-free effect of the mass concrete are improved by adding the iron tailing crushed stone, the iron tailing machine-made sand, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to a large-volume radiation-proof concrete and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Iron tailings are waste after mineral separation and are a main component of industrial solid waste. The tailings and waste rocks discharged annually worldwide are more than 100 million t according to incomplete statistics. The existing 8000 national mines and 11 ten thousand village and town collective mines in China have the amount of piled tailings of approximately 50 hundred million t, the annual discharged tailings amount is more than 5 hundred million t, and the annual discharged tailings amount of the ferrous metallurgy mine reaches 1.5 hundred million t.
The comprehensive utilization rate of tailings in China is only 7%, the amount of piled iron tailings is up to billions of tons, and the iron tailings accounts for approximately 1/3 of the total piled tailings. Therefore, the problem of comprehensive recycling of iron tailings has received extensive attention from the whole society.
The tailings are utilized by a concentrating mill under specific economic and technical conditions through a sand making machine and sand making equipment. Solid waste discharged after grinding ores and selecting useful components is an important source for environmental pollution caused by mining development, particularly metal ore development. Discarding tailings not only requires a lot of land to be occupied, causing significant harm to the surrounding ecological environment, but also incurs the expense of their respective treatment and maintenance. The comprehensive recovery and utilization of the tailing resources are carried out, so that mineral resources can be fully utilized, the utilization range of the mineral resources is enlarged, and the service life of mines is prolonged; is also an important means for treating pollution and protecting ecology; the method can also save a great amount of land and funds, solve employment problems, benefit human society, realize effective unification of resource benefit, economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, and the tailings are applied to the aspects of producing building materials, producing machine-made sand and the like after years of research.
The radiation exists in the whole cosmic space, the radiation sources are natural radiation and artificial radiation, the natural radiation comprises cosmic rays, gamma rays, radon and alpha particle rays in the environment, the artificial radiation comprises various rays such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays, neutron rays and the like generated in the application processes of the fields such as nuclear power, military, education, scientific research, medical treatment and the like, and the long-term radiation of the rays can induce various diseases such as cancers, leukemia, multiple bone marrow cancers, malignant tumors, thyroid dysfunction, infertility, abortion, fertility defects and the like, and can also induce plant genetic variation and harm crop growth. In order to prevent various rays in the environment from damaging human bodies, when a radiation source building is built, radiation protection materials are generally required to be arranged to shield various rays, and concrete materials are the most widely used radiation protection materials at present and are mainly used for education, scientific research and medical institution radiation source building and nuclear reactor inner and outer shell protection.
The radiation-proof concrete mainly prevents alpha, beta, gamma, X and neutron rays from damaging human bodies, among the rays, the alpha, beta rays have low penetrating power and are easy to be absorbed, the rays can be shielded by a protective material with small thickness, shielding of gamma rays and neutron rays is mainly considered when the radiation-proof concrete is designed, the gamma rays have strong penetrating power, energy can be weakened when the radiation-proof concrete passes through a high-density building material, gamma rays can be completely absorbed when the radiation-proof concrete reaches a certain density and thickness, and the neutron rays have high penetrating power due to no charge nuclei, so that the protection of the neutron rays is more difficult than the protection of the gamma rays.
The radiation-proof structure of the large-volume concrete has more strict requirements on concrete cracking, and once the cracking condition occurs, radiation leakage is caused, so that injury is formed to human bodies and the environment. However, the components of the existing radiation protection concrete bodies are not suitable for preparing large-volume concrete.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a high volume concrete so that it has strong radiation protection and does not crack.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the first aspect of the invention provides a large-volume radiation-proof concrete which can effectively enhance the radiation-proof effect and prevent cracking.
The second aspect of the invention also provides a preparation method of the large-volume radiation-proof concrete.
The third aspect of the invention also provides the application of the large-volume radiation-proof concrete.
According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the high-volume radiation-proof concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the large-volume radiation-proof concrete provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the large-volume concrete, the radiation protection effect and the cracking-free effect of the large-volume concrete are improved by adding the iron tailing crushed stone, the iron tailing machine-made sand, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder. The iron tailing crushed stone, the iron tailing machine-made sand, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder provide radiation protection effects, and further, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder fill the gaps inside the concrete, so that the compactness is increased, the porosity is small, and the radiation protection effects are enhanced; on the other hand, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder are inactive and are inert materials, so that the hydration heat release amount of cement can be reduced, the center temperature of mass concrete is reduced, and the occurrence of temperature cracks is avoided.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the bulk defined by the invention is: GB50496-2018, "mass concrete construction Standard," states that concrete structures have a substantial mass of concrete with a minimum dimension of not less than 1m, or concrete that is expected to cause unwanted cracks due to temperature changes and shrinkage caused by hydration of cementitious materials in the concrete.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the iron tailings are beneficiated waste, such as hematite, limonite and other magnetic iron minerals.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the average particle size of the iron tailing micro powder is 0.045-0.15 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the average particle size of the iron tailings nano powder is 0.01-0.045 mm.
Therefore, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder both contain heavy metal iron minerals, and when the average grain diameter of the iron tailing micro powder is 0.045-0.15 mm; and/or when the average grain diameter of the iron tailing nano powder is 0-0.045mm, the fine powder with different grain diameters is uniformly dispersed in the concrete, and on the basis of fully filling gaps, a dense metal grid structure can be formed, so that a natural electromagnetic shielding structure is constructed.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the iron tailings crushed stone comprises crushed stone i, crushed stone ii, and crushed stone iii;
wherein the particle size distribution of the crushed stone I is 5-10 mm; the particle size distribution of the broken stone II is 10-25 mm; the particle size distribution of the broken stone III is 25-31.5 mm. This can further improve the radiation protection effect.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the broken stone I, the broken stone II and the broken stone III is 1:2:1.
according to some embodiments of the invention, the iron tailing machine-made sand has an average particle size of 0.15-5 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the cement is a type p.ii 52.5 cement. Therefore, the cement of the model can be selected to reduce the cement consumption, the total hydration heat release amount is lower, the compressive strength of the concrete is improved, and the cracking risk of the concrete with a large volume is reduced.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water reducing agent is a high performance polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a mass radiation protection concrete, comprising the steps of:
mixing cement, iron tailing crushed stone, iron tailing machine-made sand, iron tailing micro powder and iron tailing nano powder uniformly, and then adding water and an additive for continuous mixing to obtain the large-volume radiation-proof concrete.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises the step of curing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the curing step is as follows:
a temperature-adjusting water storage maintenance method is adopted, namely, a flowable water storage tank is built at the periphery of the large-volume radiation-proof concrete structure, and warm water at 30 ℃ is injected. The temperature is measured 1 time every 1h before 2d after concrete pouring, 1 time every 2h after 3-7d, 1 time every 4h after 7d, and the whole process of temperature measurement and maintenance is not less than 14d.
A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a bulk concrete as described above in the preparation of a radiation protection structure.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
The reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional in the art.
Iron tailing crushed stone: the iron tailing crushed stone with the grain diameter of 5-31.5mm, wherein the mass ratio of 5-10mm, 10-25mm and 25-31.5mm is 1:2:1, apparent density 2800kg/m 3 The crushing value is not more than 12, the iron content is more than 20%, and the magnetic iron mineral tailings such as hematite, limonite and the like are mainly usedThe production area is Hainan Changjiang mine.
Iron tailing machine-made sand: iron tailings machine-made sand with grain diameter of 0.15-5mm, fineness modulus of 3.0 and apparent density of 3000kg/m in the same production area as broken stone 3 The iron content is more than 20 percent, and the iron is mainly magnetic iron mineral tailings such as hematite, limonite and the like.
Iron tailing micropowder: with the same place of production of crushed stone, the grain diameter is 0.045-0.15mm, the apparent density is 3350kg/m 3 The iron content is more than 20 percent, and the iron is mainly magnetic iron mineral tailings such as hematite, limonite and the like.
Iron tailing nano powder: with the same place of producing crushed stone, the grain diameter is 0-0.045mm, the apparent density is 3600kg/m 3 The iron content is more than 20 percent, and the iron is mainly magnetic iron mineral tailings such as hematite, limonite and the like.
And (3) cement: conch company P.II 52.5 cement with apparent density 3200kg/m 3 130kg of water consumption of standard consistency, 130min of initial setting time, 180min of final setting time, 38MPa of 3d compressive strength, 56MPa of 28d compressive strength, 237kJ/kg of 3d hydration heat and 260kJ/kg of 7d hydration heat.
Water reducing agent: the high-performance polycarboxylate water reducer is produced by new material Co-efficient construction, and the water reducing rate is 25%.
Example 1
Example 1 provides a bulk radiation protection concrete comprising the following components in parts by weight:
distributing crushed stone I, crushed stone II and crushed stone III in the iron tailings crushed stone according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1;
wherein the particle size distribution of the crushed stone I is 5-10 mm; the particle size distribution of the broken stone II is 10-25 mm; the particle size distribution of the broken stone III is 25-31.5 mm.
The preparation method of the mass concrete comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding the iron tailing broken stone, the iron tailing machine-made sand, the cement, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder into a forced stirrer, uniformly mixing and stirring for 2min, and then sequentially adding water and an additive for continuously mixing and stirring for 2min to obtain the large-volume concrete.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 also provides a bulk radiation protective concrete having substantially the same composition and amounts as in example 1, with the difference that the cement of comparative example 1 is p.o42.5 cement: apparent density 3100kg/m 3 The water consumption of the standard consistency is 125g, the initial setting time is 125min, the final setting time is 165min, the 3d compressive strength is 32MPa, the 28d compressive strength is 48MPa, the 3d hydration heat is 220kJ/kg, and the 7d hydration heat is 245kJ/kg.
Example 2
Example 2 also provides a bulk radiation protective concrete having substantially the same composition and amounts as in example 1, except that the composition levels are different.
Example 3
Example 3 also provides a bulk radiation protective concrete having substantially the same composition and amounts as in example 1, except that the composition levels are different.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 also provides a bulk radiation protective concrete of the same variety and batch as comparative example 1, differing from comparative example 1 in the amount of cement, the total heat release of the cement in comparative example 2 being kept the same as that in example 1, and the amount of cement of 42.5 being 172 parts.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 also provides a bulk radiation protective concrete having substantially the same composition and amounts as in example 1, except that ordinary crushed stone was used in the place of Hainan Changjiang, the continuous gradation was 5 to 31.5mm, the crushing value was not more than 12, and the thermal conductivity was 0.3 to 0.9 W.multidot.m.K.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 also provides a bulk radiation protective concrete having substantially the same composition and amounts as in example 1, except that barite sand aggregate was used.
Barite aggregate production area: a mine in Hainan agar;
coarse aggregate: barite with particle size of 5-31.5mm, wherein the mass ratio of 5-10mm to 10-31.5mm is 2:1, and apparent density is 4084kg/m 3 A crushing value of not more than 12, a bulk density of 2650kg/m 3 The content of barium sulfate is higher than 90%.
Fine aggregate: heavy-duty stone sand with particle size of 0-5mm, fineness modulus of 3.1 and apparent density of 4211kg/m 3 Bulk density 2825kg/m 3 The content of barium sulfate is higher than 90%.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 also provides a high-volume radiation-protective concrete having substantially the same composition and amount as in example 1, except that,
and replacing the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder with mineral powder.
Mineral powder: hainan Santali streams S95 grade, apparent density 2900kg/m 3 Particle diameter range 0-0.03mm,28d activity index 102%.
Performance detection
The concrete of the above examples and comparative examples was prepared to have a volume wall thickness of 1.5m×length 8m×height 4m, and a radiation-proof mass concrete using C30 iron tailings was produced. And tested for the following properties, the data are shown in table 1.
7d compressive strength, 28d compressive strength: GB/T50081-2019 concrete physical and mechanical property test method standard, GB50496-2018 mass concrete construction standard;
apparent density: NB-T20130-2012, concrete radiation shield;
porosity: JGJ 55-2011, common concrete mix design rules;
center temperature peak: GB50496-2018, "mass concrete construction Standard";
temperature difference between the outside and the inside: GB50496-2018, "mass concrete construction Standard";
ambient gamma-ray dose rate (off) and off-wall gamma-ray dose rate (on): according to GB18871-2002 basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and safety of radiation sources, an environmental radiation dose rate instrument HJ-RP6000 type portable ray monitor is adopted, and the measuring range is 0.01-200.00 uSv/h.
Table 1 data for examples and comparative examples
According to national standard GB18871-2002, the protection against ionizing radiation and the safety standard of a radiation source specify:
1. under normal running operating conditions, the ambient dose equivalent rate or directional dose equivalent rate induced at 0.1m from any reachable surface of the device does not exceed the limit value of 1 μsv/h.
2. The average effective dose for continuous 5 years of occupational irradiation level of staff is not more than 0.02Sv,
2.1 an effective dose in any year is not more than 0.05Sv;
the annual equivalent dose of 2.2 eye crystals does not exceed 0.15Sv;
the annual equivalent dose of 2.3 limbs or skin does not exceed 0.5Sv.
The intensity of the examples 1 and 7d reaches 85%, the compressive strength of the concrete reaches 138% and the temperature peak of the concrete reaches 58 ℃, the temperature difference between the outside and the inside is 18 ℃, and the gamma radiation dosage rate of the radiation outside is the same as that after the radiation-proof concrete wall is started, which shows that the radiation-proof concrete wall achieves 100% gamma ray penetration prevention effect.
Example 2 the concrete compressive strength was reduced and the center temperature peak was reduced due to the reduction of 10 parts of cement, and the inside-outside temperature difference was controlled to 18 ℃ and not more than 20 ℃ due to the dynamic temperature control means.
Example 3 the compressive strength of concrete is obviously raised and the central temperature peak value is raised due to the increase of the cement consumption by 20 parts, but the temperature difference between the inner surface and the outer surface is controlled to be 18 ℃ and not more than 20 ℃ due to the adoption of dynamic temperature control measures.
(1) P.II 52.5 cement, 3d compressive strength 38MPa,28d compressive strength 56MPa,3d heat of hydration 237kJ/kg,7d heat of hydration 260kJ/kg;
P.O42.5 cement, 3d compressive strength 32MPa,28d compressive strength 48MPa,3d heat of hydration 220kJ/kg,7d heat of hydration 245kJ/kg.
In example 1 and comparative example 1, the cement amount was 160 parts, and it was found that the heat of hydration and release for 3d was 37920kJ and the heat of hydration and release for 7d was 41600kJ in example 1; in comparative example 1, the heat of hydration release for 3d was 35200kJ, and the heat of hydration release for 7d was 39200kJ;
as shown by the test results of the comparative example 1 and the example 1, the comparative example 1 uses P.O42.5 cement, the air content is increased, the compactness of the concrete is reduced, the compression strength of 7d and 28d is greatly reduced, but the hydration heat release amount of P.O42.5 is slightly lower than that of the cement of the comparative example 1, the center temperature peak and the internal and external temperature difference of the concrete are slightly lower than those of the cement of the comparative example 1, but the porosity is improved, so that the compactness of the concrete is lower, and the gamma ray penetration preventing effect is reduced.
(2) The total amount of the water-in-water heat release in comparative example 2 is kept identical with that in example 1, but the cement consumption is 172 parts, and compared with that in example 1 and comparative example 1, the consumption is increased by 12 parts, so that the internal porosity of the concrete is reduced, the compressive strength is improved, the temperature difference between the center temperature peak and the interior surface is obviously increased, the radiation protection effect is improved, the temperature of the center of the concrete is increased along with the increase of the cement consumption, the cracking risk is larger when the temperature difference between the interior surface exceeds 22 ℃, and the temperature crack appears, so that the radiation protection effect is reduced.
(3) As shown by test results of comparative example 3 and example 1, the iron tailing sand stone aggregate is adopted, and because the iron content of the iron tailing sand stone aggregate is not less than 20%, the density is high, the electromagnetic interference of metal minerals is strong, the density of common limestone sand stone is low, the volume fraction of common broken stone and machine-made sand in concrete under the same component condition is high, the apparent density of the concrete is obviously reduced, the compression strength of 7d and 28d is reduced, and the radiation protection effect is also reduced.
(4) As shown by test results of comparative example 4 and example 1, the barium metal barite is adopted as the aggregate of the concrete sand stone, the concrete strength is improved to some extent, but the amplitude is not large, because the apparent density of the barite is large, not because the internal compactness of the barite is improved, but because the apparent density of heavy metal is higher, under the condition of the same using parts, compared with the iron tailings, the volume is smaller, namely the volume ratio of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate is indirectly reduced, so that the porosity is still higher, the overall compactness of the concrete is not obviously improved, and meanwhile, the iron tailings micro powder and nano powder in example 1 have a filling effect to a certain extent, and the compactness of the concrete is ensured; the temperature difference of the concrete lining is 26 ℃ and exceeds the standard limit value, so that a wall body is cracked, but the radiation dose rate outside the wall is not beyond the safety limit value, on one hand, the crack is less, on the other hand, the gamma-ray absorption effect of heavy metal is obvious, but the heat conduction coefficient of heavy metal ore is higher, the temperature difference of the concrete lining is easily caused to be huge, and the concrete is cracked, so that the risk is extremely high; meanwhile, heavy metal resources are scarce, the production requirement is difficult to meet, and the price of the barite aggregate is high, so that the production cost is high (the unit price of barium sulfate barite and sand is 200-500 yuan/ton, and the unit price of iron tailing broken stone and sand is 50-80 yuan/ton).
(5) As shown by test results of comparative example 5 and example 1, the apparent density of the concrete admixture is obviously reduced, and the concrete strength and the radiation protection benefit are poor, because on one hand, the particle size distribution of the micro powder and the nano powder adopted in example 1 is well matched with cement, iron tailing machine-made sand and broken stone, the optimal close packing effect is achieved, the compactness of the concrete is greatly improved, the concrete strength and the radiation protection effect are better, the particle size distribution of the mineral powder cannot form the optimal matching, the filling effect is not achieved in the nano particle range, the maximum close packing effect is not achieved, the porosity is larger than that of example 1, the radiation protection material content in the mineral powder is lower than that of the iron tailing micro powder and the nano powder, and the radiation protection effect achieved by uniformly dispersing the iron tailing micro powder and the nano powder in the concrete cannot be achieved, so that the radiation protection effect is reduced.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The large-volume radiation-proof concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
150-180 parts of cement;
1300-1500 parts of iron tailing crushed stone;
1000-1200 parts of iron tailing machine-made sand;
80-100 parts of iron tailing micro powder;
30-50 parts of iron tailing nano powder;
5-10 parts of water reducer;
120-150 parts of water.
2. The bulk radiation protection concrete of claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the iron tailing micro powder is 0.045-0.15 mm.
3. The bulk radiation protection concrete of claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the iron tailing nano powder is 0.01-0.045 mm.
4. The high volume radiation resistant concrete of claim 1 wherein said iron tailings crushed stone comprises crushed stone i, crushed stone ii and crushed stone iii;
wherein the particle size distribution of the crushed stone I is 5-10 mm; the particle size distribution of the broken stone II is 10-25 mm; the particle size distribution of the broken stone III is 25-31.5 mm.
5. The high volume radiation resistant concrete of claim 1 wherein said iron tailings machine sand has an average particle size of from 0.15 to 5mm.
6. The high volume radiation resistant concrete of claim 1 wherein said cement is a P-II type 52.5 cement.
7. The high volume, radiation protective concrete of claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is a high performance polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
8. The bulk radiation protection concrete of claim 1, wherein the iron content in the iron tailing crushed stone, the iron tailing machine-made sand, the iron tailing micro powder or the iron tailing nano powder is more than or equal to 20%.
9. The method for preparing a bulk radiation protection concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
sequentially adding and uniformly mixing the iron tailing crushed stone, the iron tailing machine-made sand, the cement, the iron tailing micro powder and the iron tailing nano powder, and then adding water and an additive for continuous mixing to obtain the large-volume radiation-proof concrete.
10. Use of a bulk radiation protective concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for the preparation of a radiation protective structure.
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| CN114057444A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-02-18 | 广州大学 | A kind of heavy concrete and its preparation method and application |
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