CN117183325A - Multifunctional composite 3D printing head and printing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional composite 3D printing head and a printing method, wherein the printing method comprises a charging barrel; one end of the charging barrel is fixedly connected with the charging barrel mounting plate, the outside of the charging barrel is connected with one end of the feeding conveying pipe, the other end of the feeding conveying pipe is connected with one end of the hopper, and a full gradual change extrusion screw is arranged in the charging barrel; the end part of the full gradual change extrusion screw rod is connected with an output shaft of a motor, the motor is connected with a motor mounting plate, and the other end of the charging barrel is connected with one end of the female nozzle; the other end of the female nozzle is connected with a multifunctional composite nozzle, and a threaded feed inlet is arranged on a conical boss of the multifunctional composite nozzle; the screw feed inlet is connected with the feed channel, and the outer walls of the multifunctional composite nozzle and the feed cylinder are respectively coated with the heating rings.

Description

A multifunctional composite 3D printing head and printing method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and specifically relates to a multifunctional composite 3D printing head and a printing method.

Background technique

3D printing technology is also called additive manufacturing technology. It is a scientific and technological system that directly manufactures parts driven by three-dimensional data programs based on the discrete-stacking principle. Material melt extrusion 3D printing is an important branch in the field of 3D printing. With the development of composite material 3D printing, it has attracted more and more attention from domestic and foreign scholars because it has a wide range of materials that can be prepared and some materials can be recycled. Due to its energy-saving manufacturing properties and some lightweight and high-strength material characteristics, it is widely used in many fields including aerospace, national defense and military, automobile industry, rail transit, medical care, home decoration, cultural and creative industries, and service industries.

Material melt extrusion 3D printing equipment is divided into single nozzle structure, multiple nozzle structure, and fiber-reinforced composite extrusion structure, which can realize single-color printing, mixed-color printing, and fiber composite material printing. Most of the existing multi-functional 3D printing heads are innovations aimed at the problems existing in plastic filament melt extrusion molding, such as plugging, color mixing, sudden color difference, frequent replacement of multiple nozzles, low printing efficiency, and large space occupation.

However, there are still many technical problems and printing defects: the printing material is single, mainly thermoplastic polymer materials, and the printing strength is low; it cannot meet the needs of functionally graded parts; it cannot solve the problem of difficult removal of supports; when printing continuous fiber composite materials, the fibers are prone to burrs, The accumulation phenomenon affects the printing accuracy, and it is not a multi-functional printing technology in the true sense.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of low printing intensity and poor printing accuracy of existing 3D printing heads, and propose a multifunctional composite 3D printing head and a printing method to realize multi-material composite printing and meet the needs of functional gradient 3D printing.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A multifunctional composite 3D printing head, including a barrel; one end of the barrel is fixedly connected to the barrel mounting plate, the outside of the barrel is connected to one end of a feed conveyor pipe, and the other end of the feed conveyor pipe is connected to At one end of the hopper, a full gradient extrusion screw is installed inside the barrel; the end of the full gradient extrusion screw is connected to the output shaft of the motor, the motor is connected to the motor mounting plate, and the other end of the barrel is connected to the female One end of the nozzle; the other end of the female nozzle is connected to a multi-functional composite nozzle, and a threaded feed port is provided on the conical boss of the multi-functional composite nozzle; the threaded feed port is connected to the feed channel, and the The outer walls of the multifunctional composite nozzle and the barrel are covered with heating rings respectively.

Further, the heating ring includes a first heating ring, a second heating ring and a third heating ring. The first heating ring is wrapped on the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle; the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle is installed with The first K-type temperature sensor; the second heating ring and the third heating ring are wrapped on the outer wall of the barrel, and the second K-type temperature sensor and the third K-type temperature sensor are installed on the outer wall of the barrel.

Further, the threaded feed port is connected to one end of the guide needle tube or one end of the throat, and the other end of the guide needle tube is provided with a pneumatic rubber joint. The threaded feed port includes a first threaded feed port and a second threaded feed port. Material port, third thread feed port, fourth thread feed port;

The guide needle tube includes a first guide needle tube, a second guide needle tube and a third guide needle tube. The first threaded feed port is connected to one end of the first guide needle tube. The other end of the first guide needle tube is provided with a first pneumatic Rubber joint, the first pneumatic rubber joint is connected to a continuous fiber bundle, and a fiber preloading and pressing mechanism is installed on the continuous fiber bundle; the fiber preloading and pressing mechanism is equipped with several pretensioning wheels and a set of pressing wheels , the second threaded feed port is connected to one end of the second guide needle tube, the other end of the second guide needle tube is provided with a second pneumatic rubber joint, the second pneumatic rubber joint is connected to the delivery pipe; the delivery pipe The powder/slurry flows through the medium, and the delivery pipe can be replaced by a Teflon hose. The third threaded feed port is connected to one end of the third guide needle tube, and the other end of the third guide needle tube is provided with a third pneumatic Rubber joint, the third pneumatic rubber joint is connected to a metal wire, the fourth threaded feed port is connected to one end of the throat, the other end of the throat is provided with a remote wire feeding pneumatic joint, the remote wire feeding pneumatic A polymer material wire is inserted into the joint, and a radiator is connected between the throat tube and the remote wire feeding pneumatic joint.

Further, the continuous fiber bundle is made of carbon fiber, glass fiber or aramid fiber; the metal wire is made of aluminum wire, copper wire or titanium wire; the polymer material wire is made of ordinary thermoplastic material, ordinary thermoplastic material, high-performance thermoplastic material Materials, three primary color plastic filaments or water-soluble materials; the powder/slurry is metal powder or ceramic slurry.

Further, the end of the fully gradual extrusion screw is provided with an axial hole, a keyway and a radial tightening hole; the output shaft of the motor is provided with a flange hole, a key and a tightening screw.

A multifunctional composite 3D printing method, using the multifunctional composite 3D printing head, is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Install the multifunctional composite 3D print head on the Z-axis module of the 3D printer through the barrel mounting plate and motor mounting plate; the threaded feed port of the multifunctional composite nozzle is connected to the remote wire feed on the 3D printer bracket through the feed channel Mechanism, the remote wire feeding mechanism loads the printing material into the multi-functional composite nozzle through the feeding channel; loads the preset amount of main melt material into the hopper;

Turn on the power of a multi-functional composite 3D print head, import the data model code to be printed, and drive the heating ring to work. When the barrel and multi-functional composite nozzle are heated to the preset temperature, the drive motor drives the full gradient extrusion screw according to the It rotates at a preset speed, and controls the remote wire feeding mechanism to feed the printing material to the multifunctional composite nozzle according to the model code information of the data to be printed. The mother nozzle extrudes the main melt material according to the preset amount, and the printing material and the main melt material are in the multifunctional composite nozzle. After mixing in the inner cavity, it is extruded from the nozzle of the multi-functional composite nozzle to complete one layer of printing;

Slice the code according to the data model and print the stacked printed parts layer by layer.

The multifunctional composite 3D printing method includes a functional gradient composite material 3D printing method, specifically: the imported data model code to be printed is a data model code that imports regional layering information of functional gradient materials. According to the functional gradient The material is divided into regions and stratified by information. The remote wire feeding mechanism cuts into the preset proportion of polymer material filaments and one or more types of powder/slurry through the feeding channel into the multi-functional composite nozzle, which is extruded with the mother nozzle. The main molten material is mixed and melted in the multi-functional composite nozzle and then extruded from the multi-functional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer and print the functional gradient printed parts layer by layer.

The multifunctional composite 3D printing method includes a mixed color printing method, specifically: the imported data model code to be printed is a data model code that imports mixed color information, which drives the heating ring to work. When the barrel and the multifunctional composite nozzle are heated to the preset temperature, and the drive motor drives the full gradient extrusion screw to rotate at the preset speed. The color mixing information controls the remote wire feeding mechanism to cut the polymer material filament through the feed channel, and the main melt material extruded from the mother nozzle is at the same time. The inner cavity of the functional composite nozzle mixes colors and then extrudes the nozzle opening of the multifunctional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer and print the color print layer by layer.

The multifunctional composite 3D printing method includes a water-soluble material 3D printing method, specifically: the imported data model code to be printed is a data model code that imports ontology and support partition information, drives the heating ring to work, and when the material Both the barrel and the multifunctional composite nozzle are heated to the preset temperature, and the drive motor drives the full gradient extrusion screw to rotate at the preset speed. The main melt material is extruded from the multifunctional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer body part. At this time, The main body and support partition information codes give the stop command of the motor, and the full gradient extrusion screw stops rotating. At the same time, the main body and support partition information control the wire feeding mechanism to cut into the polymer material wire feed through the feed channel, and inside the multi-functional composite nozzle After the cavity is melted, it is extruded from the nozzle mouth of the multi-functional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer support part and switch to print and shape layer by layer; after the printing is completed, the printed part is placed in water for a preset time to dissolve, and then taken out to dry to obtain a water-soluble print. pieces.

The multifunctional composite 3D printing method includes a reinforced resin-based wrapped composite material 3D printing method, specifically: the imported data model code to be printed is a data model code that imports composite material information, and drives the heating ring to work. Both the barrel and the multifunctional composite nozzle are heated to the preset temperature. The drive motor drives the full gradient extrusion screw to rotate at the preset speed. The remote wire feeding mechanism is controlled according to the composite material information to cut the continuous fiber bundle or metal wire through the feed channel. The main melt material extruded into the multi-functional composite nozzle and the mother nozzle is wrapped in the multi-functional composite nozzle, and is evenly wrapped inside the molten material and extruded from the nozzle opening of the multi-functional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer, layer by layer. Partition printing and shaping enhanced prints.

Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

In the multifunctional composite 3D printing head of the present invention, the other end of the mother nozzle is connected to the multifunctional composite nozzle. The multifunctional composite nozzle is provided with a threaded feed port on the conical boss. It is an integrated single-nozzle extrusion structure to realize different printing There is no need to replace the print head. Printing can be completed solely through the mother nozzle, or it can be combined with a multi-functional composite nozzle to achieve multi-functional composite printing, and realize multi-material composite gradient printing on the same model. The multi-functional 3D printing head of the present invention has a simple structure and save space.

The multifunctional 3D printing head of the present invention realizes 3D printing of fiber, ceramic and other reinforced composite materials; the multifunctional 3D printing head of the present invention controls the material gradient input to realize functional gradient 3D printing; the multifunctional 3D printing head of the present invention can control polymer materials The color input of the filament can be used to adjust and match colors in the printing process to realize multi-color 3D printing and meet the needs of color printing; the multi-functional 3D printing head of the present invention can input water-soluble polymer materials to realize water-soluble support 3D printing, and the support is easy Remove.

The guide needle tube of the present invention provides a good guiding effect for the continuous fiber bundle. The aperture can be selected to facilitate the continuous fiber bundle to pass through. The continuous fiber bundle is first penetrated into it, and then screwed into the multi-functional composite nozzle to make the fiber bundle more precise. It is well introduced into the multi-functional nozzle port to ensure that the continuous fiber bundle is smoothly led out of the multi-functional composite nozzle port.

The fiber preloading and pressing mechanism of the present invention first gives a preloading force to the fiber bundle through the cooperation of the preloading wheel to ensure the tension of the fibers, thereby ensuring that the printing melt material evenly wraps the fibers without accumulation, and improves the accuracy; secondly, by soaking The pressing wheel compacts and combs the fibers in advance to prevent fibers from loosening during the printing process, ensuring continuous and uniform reinforcement in the fiber growth direction and improving printing strength.

Description of the drawings

The description and drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a partial schematic view of the internal structure section 2 in direction A of Figure 3 of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the multifunctional composite nozzle of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the fiber preload impregnation mechanism of the present invention.

Among them, 1-multifunctional composite nozzle, 2-guide needle, 3-metal wire, 4-continuous fiber bundle, 5-throat, 6-radiator, 7-remote wire feeding pneumatic joint, 8-polymer material wire, 9-Conveyor pipe, 10-The first K-type temperature sensor, 11-The first heating ring, 12-Female nozzle, 13-The second heating ring, 14-The second K-type temperature sensor, 15-Barrel, 16-No. Three heating rings, 17-third K-type temperature sensor, 18-barrel mounting plate, 19-feed conveyor pipe, 20-hopper, 21-motor mounting plate, 22-motor, 23-full gradient extrusion screw, 24 -Main melt, 25-powder/slurry, 26-impregnation wheel, 27-pretension wheel, 201-pneumatic rubber joint.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only These are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of being practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, e.g., a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that encompasses a series of steps or units and need not be limited to those explicitly listed. Those steps or elements may instead include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or apparatus.

Embodiment 1

A multifunctional composite 3D printing head includes a barrel 15. One end of the barrel 15 is fixedly connected to the barrel mounting plate 18. The outside of the barrel 15 is connected to one end of a feed conveyor pipe 19, and the other end of the feed conveyor pipe 19 is connected to At one end of the hopper 20, a full gradient extrusion screw 23 is installed inside the barrel 15; the end of the full gradient extrusion screw 23 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 22, the motor 22 is connected to the motor mounting plate 21, and the other end of the barrel 15 is connected to the female One end of the nozzle 12; the other end of the female nozzle 12 is connected to the multi-functional composite nozzle 1. The conical boss of the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 is provided with a threaded feed port; the threaded feed port is connected to the feed channel, and the multi-functional composite nozzle The outer walls of 1 and barrel 15 are respectively covered with heating rings.

The heating ring includes a first heating ring 11, a second heating ring 13 and a third heating ring 16. The first heating ring 11 is wrapped on the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1; the first K is installed on the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1. type temperature sensor 10; the second heating ring 13 and the third heating ring 16 are wrapped on the outer wall of the barrel 15, and the second K-type temperature sensor 14 and the third K-type temperature sensor 17 are installed on the outer wall of the barrel 15.

The threaded feed port is connected to one end of the guide needle tube 2 or one end of the throat 5, and the other end of the guide needle tube 2 is provided with a pneumatic rubber joint 201. The threaded feed port includes a first threaded feed port, a second threaded feed port, a third threaded feed port, and a first threaded feed port. Threaded feed port, fourth threaded feed port;

The guide needle tube 2 includes a first guide needle tube, a second guide needle tube and a third guide needle tube. The first threaded feed port is connected to one end of the first guide needle tube. The other end of the first guide needle tube is provided with a first pneumatic rubber joint. The pneumatic rubber joint is connected to the continuous fiber bundle 4, and a fiber preloading and pressing mechanism is installed on the continuous fiber bundle 4; the fiber preloading and pressing mechanism is equipped with several pretensioning wheels 27 and a set of pressing wheels 26, and a second threaded feed port Connected to one end of the second guide needle tube, the other end of the second guide needle tube is provided with a second pneumatic rubber joint, and the second pneumatic rubber joint is connected to the delivery pipe 9; the powder/slurry 25 flows in the delivery pipe 9, and the delivery pipe 9 can be replaced It is a Teflon hose, the third threaded feed port is connected to one end of the third guide needle tube, the other end of the third guide needle tube is provided with a third pneumatic rubber joint, the third pneumatic rubber joint is connected to the metal wire 3, and the fourth thread The feed port is connected to one end of the throat 5. The other end of the throat 5 is provided with a remote wire feeding pneumatic joint 7. The remote wire feeding pneumatic joint 7 is connected with a polymer material wire 8. The throat 5 is connected to the remote wire feeding pneumatic joint 7. Connect radiator 6 between them.

The continuous fiber bundle 4 uses carbon fiber, glass fiber or aramid fiber; the metal wire 3 uses aluminum wire, copper wire or titanium wire; the polymer material wire 8 uses ordinary thermoplastic material, ordinary thermoplastic material, high-performance thermoplastic material, three primary color plastic wire or Water-soluble materials; powder/slurry 25 uses metal powder or ceramic slurry.

The end of the fully gradual extrusion screw 23 is provided with an axial hole, a keyway and a radial tightening hole; the output shaft of the motor 22 is provided with a flange hole, a key and a tightening screw.

A multifunctional composite 3D printing method, using a multifunctional composite 3D printing head, is characterized by including the following steps:

The multifunctional composite 3D print head is installed and fixed on the Z-axis module of the 3D printer through the barrel mounting plate 18 and the motor mounting plate 21; the threaded feed port of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 is connected to the 3D printer bracket through the feed channel. The remote wire feeding mechanism loads the printing material into the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 through the feeding channel; loads the preset amount of main melt material 24 into the hopper 20;

Turn on the power of a multifunctional composite 3D print head, import the data model code to be printed, and drive the heating ring to work. When the barrel 15 and the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 are both heated to the preset temperature, the drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion The output screw 23 rotates according to the preset speed, and controls the remote wire feeding mechanism to feed the printing material to the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 according to the model code information of the data to be printed. The mother nozzle 12 extrudes the main melt 24 according to the preset amount, and the printing material and the main The melt 24 is mixed in the inner cavity of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 and then extruded from the nozzle port of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 to complete one layer of printing;

Slice the code according to the data model and print the stacked printed parts layer by layer.

The 3D printing method of functionally graded composite materials is specifically as follows: importing the data model code to be printed is the data model code that imports the regional layering information of functionally graded materials, and controlling the remote wire feeding mechanism through the feeding channel according to the regional layering information of functionally graded materials. One or more of the polymer material filaments 8 and powder/slurry 25 in a preset proportion are fed into the multifunctional composite nozzle 1, and the main melt material 24 extruded from the mother nozzle 12 is in the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 After mixing and melting, it is extruded from the multi-functional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer, and the functional gradient printed parts are printed layer by layer.

The mixed color printing method is specifically as follows: import the data model code to be printed to import the data model code of the mixed color information, drive the heating ring to work, when the barrel 15 and the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 are heated to the preset temperature, the drive motor 22 drives the entire The gradient extrusion screw 23 rotates at a preset speed, and the color mixing information controls the remote wire feeding mechanism to cut the polymer material filament 8 through the feed channel, and the main melt 24 extruded from the mother nozzle 12 is processed in the inner cavity of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 After mixing the colors, extrude the nozzle opening of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 to complete printing of the current layer and print the colored print layer by layer.

The method of 3D printing of water-soluble materials is as follows: importing the data model code to be printed is the data model code that imports the ontology and support partition information, and drives the heating ring to work. When the barrel 15 and the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 are both heated to the preset temperature , the drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at a preset speed, and the main melt material 24 is extruded from the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 to complete the printing of the current layer body part. At this time, the motor is given by the body and support partition information codes 22, the full gradient extrusion screw 23 stops rotating. At the same time, the main body and the support partition information control the wire feeding mechanism to cut into the polymer material wire 8 through the feeding channel. After melting in the inner cavity of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1, it will The nozzle opening of the functional composite nozzle 1 is extruded to complete the printing of the support part of the current layer, and the printing is switched layer by layer; after the printing is completed, the printed part is placed in water for a preset time to dissolve, and then taken out to dry to obtain a water-soluble printed part.

The 3D printing method for reinforced resin-based wrapped composite materials is as follows: importing the data model code to be printed is the data model code for importing composite material information, driving the heating ring to work, when the barrel 15 and the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 are both heated to the preset temperature, the drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at a preset speed, and controls the remote wire feeding mechanism according to the composite material information to cut the continuous fiber bundle 4 or metal wire 3 into the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 and the mother nozzle through the feed channel. 12. After the extruded main melt material 24 is wrapped in the multi-functional composite nozzle 1, it is evenly wrapped inside the molten material and extruded from the nozzle opening of the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 to complete the current layer printing and layer-by-layer partition printing and forming enhancement. Printout.

Embodiment 2

Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, a multifunctional composite 3D printing head includes a multifunctional composite nozzle 1, a guide needle 2, a throat 5, a radiator 6, a remote wire feeding pneumatic joint 7, and a delivery pipe 9. A K-type temperature sensor 10, the first heating ring 11, the female nozzle 12, the second heating ring 13, the second K-type temperature sensor 14, the barrel 15, the third heating ring 16, the third K-type temperature sensor 17, the material Barrel mounting plate 18, feed conveyor pipe 19, hopper 20, motor mounting plate 21, motor 22, full gradient extrusion screw 23, impregnation wheel 26, pretension wheel 27.

The barrel 15 is welded on the barrel mounting plate 18, and is connected to a feed conveyor pipe 19 and a hopper 20 externally. A full gradient extrusion screw 23 is installed inside; the upper end of the full gradient extrusion screw 23 is provided with a plug for connecting the output shaft of the motor 22. Axial hole, keyway and radial tightening hole; the motor 22 provides input power for the fully gradual extrusion screw 23, is provided with a flange hole, and is connected to the fully gradual extrusion screw 23 through keys and tightening screws; the female nozzle 12 passes It is threaded on the barrel 15; the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 is threaded on the bottom of the mother nozzle 12, and is provided with a threaded hole to install the first K-type temperature sensor 10. At the same time, 4 threaded feeds are evenly provided on the conical boss. mouth; both ends of the throat 5 are connected to the radiator 6 and the feed threaded hole of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 respectively, forming a feeding passage for the throat 5; the upper section of the radiator 6 is connected to the remote wire feeding pneumatic joint 7; the third heating ring 16 and the second heating ring 13 is wrapped on the outer wall of the barrel 15; the first heating ring 11 is wrapped on the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1; the fiber preload impregnation mechanism is set at a designated position on the upper part of the 3D printing equipment.

There are two threaded holes on the upper and lower outer walls of the barrel 15, respectively, for installing the third K-type temperature sensor 17 and the second K-type temperature sensor 14 respectively.

The motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at a certain speed to complete plasticization and extrusion, and the speed of the motor determines the extrusion amount.

The radiator 6 dissipates heat for the feed channel of the throat 5 to prevent the temperature in the throat 5 from being too high to melt the channel and cause printing to break.

The third heating ring 16 and the second heating ring 13 heat the barrel 15. The third heating ring 16 cooperates with the third K-type temperature sensor 17 to accurately control the temperature of the feeding section of the barrel 15 to ensure that the pellets enter smoothly. The second heating ring 13 Cooperate with the second K-type temperature sensor 14 to accurately control the temperature of the middle and lower sections of the barrel 15 to fully plasticize and compress the inside of the barrel 15 to ensure that the main melt 24 passes through the mother nozzle 12 smoothly.

The first heating ring 11 heats the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 to compensate for the temperature loss in the transfer process from the mother nozzle 12. It cooperates with the first K-type temperature sensor 10 to provide accurate heating temperatures for different mixed materials to ensure smooth and even mixing of the mixed materials. Extrude.

Referring to Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 is provided with 4 threaded feed ports on the conical boss, which can be connected to the feed channel of the throat 5 and introduced into the polymer material wire 8; or it can be The guide needle tube 2 is connected to form a feed channel, and the continuous fiber bundle 4, metal wire 3, powder/slurry 25, etc. are introduced.

The continuous fiber bundle 4 can be carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, etc.

The metal wire 3 can be aluminum wire, copper wire, titanium wire, etc.

The polymer material wire 8 can be a common ordinary thermoplastic material (ABS, PLA), a high-performance thermoplastic material (PEEK) or a water-soluble material (PVA).

The powder/slurry 25 may be metal powder, ceramic slurry, etc.

The guide needle tube 2 is provided with a pneumatic rubber joint 201, which can be connected to a Teflon hose and a powder/slurry conveying pipe 9 to form a feed channel for the guide needle tube 2. The size of the needle tube aperture can be selected according to the introduced raw materials.

Referring to Figure 6, the fiber pretensioning and pressing mechanism is equipped with three pretensioning wheels 27 and a set of pressing wheels 26. The three pretensioning wheels 27 cooperate to give a preloading force to the continuous fiber bundle to ensure the tension of the fiber, so that it can This ensures that the molten material evenly wraps the fibers without accumulation; the fibers are compacted and carded in advance by the dipping wheel 26 to prevent the fibers from loosening during the printing process and ensure continuous and uniform reinforcement in the fiber growth direction.

A multifunctional composite 3D printing method, using a multifunctional composite 3D printing head, includes the following steps:

1) Referring to Figure 1, fix the motor 22 on the motor mounting plate 21 through the flange hole provided on the motor 22.

2) Install the multifunctional composite 3D print head on the Z-axis module of the 3D printer through the barrel mounting plate 18 and the motor mounting plate 21; connect the remote wire feeding pneumatic joint 7 and guide needle tube 2 of the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 with The remote wire feeding mechanism on the 3D printer bracket is connected through a Teflon hose, and the continuous fiber bundle 4, metal wire 3, polymer material wire 8, and powder/slurry 25 are loaded respectively; a certain amount of granular material is loaded into Hopper 20.

3) Turn on the power, import the data model code to be printed, and drive the heating ring to work. When the barrel 15 and the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 are both heated to the specified temperature, the drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at the specified speed. The molten material is quantitatively extruded from the mother nozzle 12 to complete one layer of printing.

4) Slice the code according to the data model and stack it layer by layer to form the required finished product.

A multifunctional composite 3D printing method, including the following four new printing methods:

1) Functional gradient composite material 3D printing method: import the data code of the functional gradient material's regional layering information to drive the first heating ring 11, the second heating ring 13 and the third heating ring 16 to work. When the barrel 15 and the multi-function The composite nozzles 1 are all heated to the specified temperature. The drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at the specified speed. According to the partitioned material information, the remote wire feeding mechanism is controlled to cut into different proportions through the throat 5 feeding channel and the guide needle 2 channel. One or more of the high-performance thermoplastic filaments and metal powder/slurry 25 are fed into the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 and the main melt 24 material extruded from the mother nozzle 12 is mixed in the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 After melting, the whole body is extruded from the multi-functional composite nozzle to complete the printing of the current layer. By analogy, the required functional gradient printed parts are printed layer by layer.

2) Color mixing printing method: Import the data model code of color mixing information to drive the first heating ring 11, the second heating ring 13 and the third heating ring 16 to work. When the barrel 15 and the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 are both heated to the specified temperature , the drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at a specified speed, and the color mixing data information controls the remote wire feeding mechanism to cut any three primary color plastic wire through the feed channel of the throat 5, and mix it with the main melt material 24 extruded from the mother nozzle 12 Mix the colors in the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 and then extrude the nozzle mouth to complete the printing of the current layer, and so on, to print the required colorful finished products layer by layer.

3) Water-soluble material 3D printing method: import the data code with the body and support partition information, drive the first heating ring 11, the second heating ring 13 and the third heating ring 16 to work, when the barrel 15 and the multi-functional composite nozzle 1 are heated to the specified temperature, the drive motor 22 drives the extrusion screw 23 to rotate at the specified speed, the molten material is extruded from the multi-function composite nozzle 1, and the printing of the current layer body part is completed. At this time, the motor stop command is given by the data code , the full gradient extrusion screw 23 stops rotating, and at the same time, the wire feeding mechanism is controlled to cut into the water-soluble plastic wire feed through the throat tube 5 feed channel, and after melting in the multifunctional composite nozzle 1, it is extruded from the back of the nozzle mouth to complete the current layer support part Print, switch by analogy, and print and shape layer by layer; after printing, put the printed part into water for post-processing. Since the support is a water-soluble material, it will basically be dissolved after a period of time in water, and finally take it out to dry to obtain the final result. Finished product required.

4) Reinforced resin-based wrapped composite material 3D printing method: Import the data code with input information to drive the first heating ring 11, the second heating ring 13 and the third heating ring 16 to work. When the barrel and multi-functional composite nozzle are both Heated to a specified temperature, the drive motor 22 drives the full gradient extrusion screw 23 to rotate at a specified speed, and the remote wire feeding mechanism is controlled according to the composite material data information to cut into the continuous fiber bundle 4 or metal wire 3 through the guide needle 2 channel to enter the multi-function The main molten material 24 extruded from the composite nozzle 1 and the mother nozzle 12 is wrapped in the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 and is evenly wrapped inside the molten material, similar to a wire shape, and is extruded from the multifunctional composite nozzle 1 in one piece to complete the current process. Layer-by-layer printing, and so on, the required modified print parts are printed in layer-by-layer partitions.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: Those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation modes of the invention after reading the present invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are within the protection scope of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The multifunctional composite 3D printing head is characterized by comprising a charging barrel (15), wherein one end of the charging barrel (15) is fixedly connected with a charging barrel mounting plate (18), the outside of the charging barrel (15) is connected with one end of a feeding conveying pipe (19), the other end of the feeding conveying pipe (19) is connected with one end of a hopper (20), and a full gradual change extrusion screw (23) is arranged in the charging barrel (15); the end part of the full gradual change extrusion screw rod (23) is connected with an output shaft of a motor (22), the motor (22) is connected with a motor mounting plate (21), and the other end of the charging barrel (15) is connected with one end of the female nozzle (12); the other end of the female nozzle (12) is connected with a multifunctional composite nozzle (1), and a threaded feed inlet is arranged on a conical boss of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1); the screw thread feed inlet is connected into the feed channel, and the outer walls of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) and the feed cylinder (15) are respectively coated with a heating ring.

2. The multifunctional composite 3D printhead according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating collar comprises a first heating collar (11), a second heating collar (13) and a third heating collar (16), the first heating collar (11) being wrapped on the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1); the outer wall of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) is provided with a first K-type temperature sensor (10); the second heating ring (13) and the third heating ring (16) are wrapped on the outer wall of the charging barrel (15), and a second K-type temperature sensor (14) and a third K-type temperature sensor (17) are arranged on the outer wall of the charging barrel (15).

3. The multifunctional composite 3D printing head according to claim 1, wherein the threaded feed port is connected with one end of a guide needle tube (2) or one end of a throat pipe (5), the other end of the guide needle tube (2) is provided with a pneumatic rubber joint (201), and the threaded feed port comprises a first threaded feed port, a second threaded feed port, a third threaded feed port and a fourth threaded feed port;

the guiding needle tube (2) comprises a first guiding needle tube, a second guiding needle tube and a third guiding needle tube, the first threaded feeding hole is connected with one end of the first guiding needle tube, a first pneumatic rubber joint is arranged at the other end of the first guiding needle tube, the first pneumatic rubber joint is connected into a continuous fiber bundle (4), and a fiber pre-tightening and pressing mechanism is arranged on the continuous fiber bundle (4); the fiber pre-tightening and pressing mechanism is provided with a plurality of pre-tightening wheels (27) and a group of pressing wheels (26), the second threaded feeding port is connected with one end of a second guide needle tube, the other end of the second guide needle tube is provided with a second pneumatic rubber joint, and the second pneumatic rubber joint is connected with a conveying pipe (9); the utility model discloses a high-speed wire feeding device, including conveyer pipe (9), pneumatic rubber joint, radiator (6), pneumatic rubber joint connects, pneumatic joint (7) of long-range wire feeding is connected with one end of choke (5), connect high-molecular material silk (8) in pneumatic joint (7) of long-range wire feeding, connect radiator (6) between choke (5) and the pneumatic joint (7) of long-range wire feeding.

4. A multifunctional composite 3D printhead according to claim 3, characterized in that the continuous fiber bundles (4) are carbon, glass or aramid fibers; the metal wire (3) is an aluminum wire, a copper wire or a titanium wire; the high polymer material filaments (8) are made of common thermoplastic materials, high-performance thermoplastic materials, three-primary-color plastic filaments or water-soluble materials; the powder/slurry (25) is a metal powder or a ceramic slurry.

5. The multifunctional composite 3D printhead of claim 1, characterized in that the end of the fully progressive extrusion screw (23) is provided with an axial hole, a keyway and a radial tightening hole; an output shaft of the motor (22) is provided with a flange hole, a key and a set screw.

6. A multifunctional composite 3D printing method using a multifunctional composite 3D printhead as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:

the multifunctional composite 3D printing head is installed and fixed on a Z-axis module of the 3D printer through a charging barrel mounting plate (18) and a motor mounting plate (21); the screw thread feed port of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) is connected with a remote wire feeding mechanism on the 3D printer bracket through a feed channel, and the remote wire feeding mechanism is filled with printing materials in the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) through the feed channel; charging a predetermined amount of primary melt (24) into a hopper (20);

switching on a power supply of a multifunctional composite 3D printing head, importing a data model code to be printed, driving a heating ring to work, when a charging barrel (15) and a multifunctional composite nozzle (1) are heated to a preset temperature, driving a full gradual change extrusion screw (23) to rotate according to a preset speed by a driving motor (22), controlling a remote wire feeding mechanism to feed printing materials into the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) according to the data model code information to be printed, extruding a main molten material (24) by a master nozzle (12) according to a preset amount, and extruding the printing materials and the main molten material (24) from a nozzle opening of the multifunctional composite nozzle opening (1) integrally after being mixed in an inner cavity of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) to finish one-layer printing;

and printing the stacked molded printed piece layer by layer according to the data model slice codes.

7. The multifunctional composite 3D printing method according to claim 6, comprising a functionally graded composite 3D printing method, specifically: the data model code to be printed is a data model code for importing regional and layered information of the functional gradient material, the remote wire feeding mechanism is controlled to cut into one or more feeds in a preset proportion of polymer material wires (8) and powder/slurry (25) through the feed channel according to the regional and layered information of the functional gradient material to enter the multifunctional composite nozzle (1), and the main melting material (24) extruded by the master nozzle (12) is integrally extruded from the mouth of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) after being mixed and melted in the multifunctional composite nozzle (1), so that the current layer printing is finished, and the molded functional gradient printing piece is printed layer by layer in a regional mode.

8. The multifunctional composite 3D printing method according to claim 6, comprising a color mixing printing method, specifically: the data model code to be printed is the data model code for leading in color mixing information, the heating ring is driven to work, when the charging barrel (15) and the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) are heated to a preset temperature, the driving motor (22) drives the full-gradual extrusion screw (23) to rotate according to a preset speed, the color mixing information controls the remote wire feeding mechanism to cut into the high polymer material wire (8) through the feeding channel, and the main molten material (24) extruded by the master nozzle (12) is mixed with the inner cavity of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) and then extruded out of the nozzle opening of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1), so that the current layer printing is finished, and the formed color printing piece is printed layer by layer.

9. The multifunctional composite 3D printing method according to claim 6, comprising a water-soluble material 3D printing method, specifically: the method comprises the steps that a data model code to be printed is a data model code of information of an importing body and a supporting partition, a heating ring is driven to work, when a charging barrel (15) and a multifunctional composite nozzle (1) are heated to a preset temperature, a driving motor (22) drives a full-gradual extrusion screw (23) to rotate according to a preset speed, a main molten material (24) is extruded from a port of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) to finish printing of a current layer body part, at the moment, a stopping instruction of the motor (22) is given by the body and the supporting partition information code, the full-gradual extrusion screw (23) stops rotating, meanwhile, a body and the supporting partition information control a wire feeding mechanism to cut into a high polymer material wire (8) for feeding through a feeding channel, the full-gradual extrusion screw (23) is extruded from a nozzle port of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) after the inner cavity of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) is melted, and printing of the current layer supporting part is finished, and printing forming is switched layer by layer; after printing, the printing piece is put into water for dissolving for a preset time, and then taken out and dried to obtain the water-soluble printing piece.

10. The multifunctional composite 3D printing method according to claim 6, comprising a reinforced resin-based wrapped composite 3D printing method, specifically comprising: the method is characterized in that the data model code to be printed is the data model code for importing composite material information, the heating ring is driven to work, when the charging barrel (15) and the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) are heated to a preset temperature, the driving motor (22) drives the full-gradual extrusion screw (23) to rotate according to a preset speed, the remote wire feeding mechanism is controlled to cut into the continuous fiber bundle (4) or the metal wire (3) through the feeding channel according to the composite material information to enter the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) and the main molten material (24) extruded by the mother nozzle (12) in the multifunctional composite nozzle (1), and after the multifunctional composite nozzle (1) is wrapped, the main molten material is uniformly wrapped in the molten material and integrally extruded from the nozzle opening of the multifunctional composite nozzle (1), the current layer printing is completed, and the molded enhanced printing piece is printed layer by layer.