CN117166297B

CN117166297B - Tamping unit, frame-type tamping device and ballast tamping equipment containing the same

Info

Publication number: CN117166297B
Application number: CN202311109445.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向康; 李春龙; 王磊; 李居瑞; 花新华
Original assignee: CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co Ltd; Changzhou CRRC Ruitai Equipment Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co Ltd; Changzhou CRRC Ruitai Equipment Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-31
Filing date: 2023-08-31
Publication date: 2024-11-26
Anticipated expiration: 2043-08-31
Also published as: CN117166297A

Abstract

The invention relates to a tamping unit, a frame type tamping device containing the unit and ballast tamping equipment, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit. The box body of the unit is approximately symmetrical W-shaped, the left end and the right end of the box body are respectively provided with a guide sleeve which forms a vertical moving pair with a guide piece, the upper part of the middle part of the box body supports an eccentric crank shaft part, and the middle parts of a left pick arm and a right pick arm are respectively hinged between the left end and the right end and the middle part; the eccentric crankshaft part comprises eccentric crankshafts which respectively form a hinged pair with the inner ends of the cylinder bodies of the left clamping cylinder and the right clamping cylinder; the left and right clamping cylinders comprise left and right piston rods with overhanging ends respectively hinged with the upper parts of the left and right pick arms; the lower part of the pick arm is provided with a pair of pick feet crossing the steel rail. The invention can generate stable inserting force and clamping force, has compact structure, light weight, good maneuvering characteristics, convenient and fast transportation, convenient and fast operation and better tamping operation stability.

Description

Tamping unit, frame-type tamping device comprising such a unit, and ballast tamping installation

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tamping unit, a lightweight frame type tamping device comprising the tamping unit, and ballast tamping equipment with an excavator, which adopts the lightweight frame type tamping device, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit.

Background

The tamping unit is key equipment for tamping operation in railway maintenance process, the traditional structure of the unit is disclosed in patent literature of application number CN208563006U, name "an adjustable distance tamping device", and the tamping unit comprises a box body and a guide post penetrating through the box body, an inner side assembling plate is installed on the upper portion of the box body, a single-lug oil cylinder is arranged on one side of the inner side assembling plate, a fork-shaped oil cylinder is arranged on the other side of the inner side assembling plate, widening blocks are installed on one sides of the single-lug oil cylinder and the fork-shaped oil cylinder, an eccentric wheel is installed in the middle of the box body, a vibrating frame is fixedly connected to the lower side of the eccentric wheel, a right pick arm and a left pick arm are arranged on the vibrating frame, tamping picks are connected to the lower sides of the right pick arm and the left pick arm, an installation plate is fixedly arranged on the upper portion of the box body, an oil tank is arranged on the installation plate, and the installation plate and the oil tank are fixed through hexagon bolts, and the inner side assembling plate is used for fixing two adjacent tamping devices. The utility model has simple structure and convenient assembly, and can realize the independent pick-down and the independent adjustment of the offset distance of the tamping pick at one side so as to adapt to the requirements of different pillow distances. Such conventional tamping units have the following problems in long-term practice: 1) Large volume, heavy weight, inconvenient transfer and use; 2) The guiding position is concentrated at the rear side of the box body (near the eccentric crankshaft) and is far away from the plane of the clamping oil cylinder, so that deflection moment exists, the structural stability is poor, and oil leakage faults of the oil cylinder are easily caused due to unbalanced stress of the oil cylinder; 3) The tamping unit is installed on the bearing frame of the large tamping vehicle and is conveyed to a preset line for tamping operation, so that the tamping unit is high in operation cost and long in period, and frequently needs to occupy busy line resources for a long time, so that the quick maintenance requirement of regional small-range lines cannot be met.

The application number 202010100502.7, the Chinese patent literature named "a tamping device for railway ballast" and the Chinese patent literature named 201710489651 and the small-sized full-automatic hydraulic tamping vehicle "respectively disclose recent innovative improvements in terms of light weight, convenient use and quick maintenance, but the tamping units adopt the working principle of small liquid tamping: namely, the eccentric wheel directly drives the tamping unit to vibrate, the small liquid tamping single pick palm downward insertion force is only 8.5KN, the single pick palm clamping force is 8KN, and the powerful tamping operation effect of the large tamping device cannot be achieved. In addition, when the ballast resistance is large, the amplitude of the tamping unit is attenuated, and the transmission shaft vibrates through the eccentric wheel when the small liquid is tamped, so that the whole mechanism swings together, and the tamping pick generates certain amplitude; however, after the downward insertion operation, the swing amplitude is reduced along with the increase of the ballast resistance, and the tamping effect is not ideal.

Therefore, how to solve the contradiction problems between good tamping operation effect, compact structure, light weight, stable operation, convenient transfer and use and quick maintenance in the prior art becomes a technical problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at: aiming at the problems in the prior art, through structural improvement, the lightweight tamping unit is provided with compact structure, light weight, convenient transfer and use, stable operation and capability of rapidly achieving the expected operation effect, so as to be suitable for railway ballast line maintenance with shorter 'skylight' operation time (namely, the idle time of the track between the front train and the rear train), thereby meeting the regional small-range line rapid maintenance requirement.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic technical scheme of the lightweight tamping unit of the invention is as follows: comprising the following steps:

The box body is approximately symmetrical W-shaped, the left end and the right end of the box body are respectively provided with a guide sleeve used for forming a vertical moving pair with the guide piece, the upper part of the middle part of the box body supports an eccentric crank shaft part, and the middle parts of the left pick arm and the right pick arm are respectively hinged between the left end and the right end and the middle part;

Eccentric crank shaft component-eccentric crank shaft which is respectively combined with inner ends of cylinder bodies of left and right clamping cylinders to form hinge pair;

left and right clamping cylinders, which comprise left and right piston rods with overhanging ends respectively hinged with the upper parts of the left and right pick arms;

Left and right pick arms, the lower part of each pick arm is provided with a pair of pick feet which are used for crossing a strand of steel rail;

The vertical direction at the left end and the right end of the box body leads the central axis of the sleeve and the axial leads of the left clamping oil cylinder and the right clamping oil cylinder to be positioned in the same plane vertical to the axial line of the eccentric crankshaft.

During operation, forced vibration generated by rotation of the eccentric crankshaft drives the left pick arm and the right pick arm to drive the pick foot to do reciprocating swinging motion under the action of the left clamping oil cylinder and the right clamping oil cylinder; and the hydraulic pressure of the left clamping cylinder and the right clamping cylinder is controlled, so that the upper ends of the left pick arm and the right pick arm can be pushed to be expanded or contracted, the clamping movement is carried out while the reciprocating swinging movement is carried out, a pair of pick feet respectively arranged at the bottoms of the left pick arm and the right pick arm can be spanned on steel rails, and ballast on two sides of one rail sleeper can be tamped. From the viewpoint of the working principle, when the eccentric crankshaft rotates, the clamping oil cylinder sleeved on the eccentric shaft neck generates reciprocating motion under the action of the eccentricity, so that the pick arm is pushed to swing, and the pick arm generates swinging forced vibration; and the hydraulic system is used for changing the oil pressure in the clamping oil cylinder, and acting force difference is formed at two ends of a piston in the oil cylinder, so that the piston and a piston rod move to push the pick arm to swing greatly, and the clamping effect on ballast of a ballast bed is realized through the tamping pick.

The invention is further perfected as follows: the eccentric phase difference of the cylinder body hinge pair of the left clamping cylinder and the right clamping cylinder is 180 degrees. Although the left pick arm and the right pick arm can swing in the same direction or basically the same direction without phase difference or with smaller phase difference, the left pick arm and the right pick arm with 180 degrees of phase difference are crossed to move oppositely and away from each other, and have ideal dynamic balance.

The invention is further perfected as follows: the W-shaped box body is formed by connecting or fixedly connecting two V-shaped parts, and the middle parts of the left pick arm and the right pick arm of the hinged support are respectively hinged with the lowest parts of the two V-shaped parts (namely the bottoms of the V-shaped parts).

In a word, the light tamping unit solves the problem of deflection moment caused by concentration of the guiding position at the rear side of the box body and separation from the clamping cylinder in the prior art, has stable structure, is not easy to generate unbalanced load, and has good operation stability. The left and right pick arms are forced to vibrate by the rotation of the eccentric crankshaft of the light tamping unit, the left and right clamping cylinders push the left and right pick arms back and forth along with the change of the pressure in the cylinders, and vibration clamping movement of pick feet is realized through the lever mechanism, the amplitude of the pick feet is related to the eccentricity of the eccentric crankshaft and the relative positions of all hinge points, and the influence of ballast resistance is avoided, so that the stability of tamping operation is better.

Meanwhile, the W-shaped box body obviously reduces the vertical height of the whole unit, so that the W-shaped box body has compact structure, light weight and good maneuvering performance, is convenient to be connected with an excavator boom for use after being assembled with a light frame, is convenient and quick to transport, is convenient and quick to operate, has a single pick-palm inserting force of 10KN and a single pick-palm clamping force of 11KN, has main operation parameters of reaching an expected operation effect approximately equivalent to that of a large-scale tamping car, and is particularly suitable for line maintenance with short operation time of a skylight. In addition, the approximately left and right symmetrical W-shaped box bodies and 180-degree eccentric phase difference enable the actions of the left pick arm and the right pick arm to be balanced, and the guide structures at the two ends of the box bodies effectively avoid unbalanced load during operation, so that the stability of tamping operation is ensured.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective exploded view of the main part of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the case of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the lower case of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the upper case of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the pick arm of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a partially exploded perspective view of the clamp cylinder of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a frame-type tamping device employing the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a schematic side view of a frame-type tamping device employing the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the frame of fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the swivel interface of fig. 8.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the guide member structure in fig. 8.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the lift cylinder connection relationship structure in fig. 8.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the upper fixing plate in fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a construction of a ballast tamping apparatus with an excavator using the tamping device of fig. 8.

Description of the embodiments

Examples

The basic structure of the tamping unit of the embodiment is as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a basically symmetrical box body 1-1 is W-shaped, a vertical guide sleeve 1-1-1-5 forming a vertical moving pair with a guide post 6-2 serving as a guide piece is welded at the left end and the right end respectively, an eccentric crank shaft part 1-2 is supported above the middle part, and the middle parts of a left pick arm 1-5 and a right pick arm 1-5 are hinged between the left end and the right end and the middle part respectively. The eccentric crank shaft part 1-2 drives the upper ends of the left pick arm 1-5 and the right pick arm 5 through the left clamping oil cylinder 1-3 and the right clamping oil cylinder 1-4 respectively.

The axial lines of the left and right clamping cylinders 1-3 and 1-4 are positioned in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the eccentric crankshaft.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the case 1-1 is composed of a W-shaped lower case 1-1-1 and an upper case 1-1-2 fixedly connected to the upper part of the lower case 1-1.

The lower box body 1-1-1 is shown in fig. 4, and comprises two W-shaped plates 1-1-1-1 which are welded at the middle and upper parts through U-shaped plates 1-1-1-6 and are arranged relatively parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the eccentric crankshaft, and bearing mounting seats 1-1-1-3 with semicircular recesses are respectively welded at the upper ends of two sides of the U-shaped plates 1-1-1-6. The W-shaped plate 1-1-1 is formed by connecting two V-shaped parts, and the lowest parts of the two V-shaped parts (namely the bottoms of the V-shapes) are respectively welded with a pick arm hinge sleeve 1-1-1-2 for hinging the middle parts of the left pick arm 1-5 and the right pick arm. A lifting cylinder mounting sleeve 1-1-1-4 is welded at one side of the middle part of the protrusion of the lower box body 1-1 and close to one of the two pick arm hinge mounting sleeves 1-1-1-2, and vertical guide sleeves 1-1-1-5 are respectively welded at two outer ends of the W-shaped plate 1-1-1-1. The central axes of the pick arm hinge sleeves 1-1-1-2 and the lift cylinder mounting sleeves 1-1-4 are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the vibrating shaft (i.e., eccentric crankshaft) (the vibrating shaft is placed substantially parallel to the direction of the tie, i.e., the transverse direction of the rail). The W-shaped plate adopted by the lower box body 1-1-1 is provided with pick arm hinged sleeves at two bottom ends thereof, so that the overall height of the tamping unit 1 can be effectively reduced, the structure is more compact, unnecessary guide length is reduced, and better guide effect is obtained.

The upper box body 1-1-2 is shown in fig. 5, and comprises two bow beams 1-1-2-2 with semicircular concave bearing buckling seats 1-1-2-1 welded at the lower ends, a locking plate 1-1-2-4 with a perforation is welded between the upper ends of the two bow beams 1-1-2-2 which are relatively parallel and parallel to the axis of the eccentric crankshaft, and a baffle plate 1-1-2-3 for limiting the lifting height of the tamping unit is welded on the outer side surface of one bow beam 1-1-2-2. The locking plates 1-1-2-4 are matched with the locking interfaces 2-6 of the tamping units on the frame and are connected through pin shafts, so that the tamping units 1 are prevented from falling down when the tamping units are not used.

The concrete structure of the pick arm 1-5 is shown in fig. 6, the upper end is respectively provided with an upper end hole 1-5-1, and two sides of the lower end of two vertical plates 1-5-2 respectively provided with a middle hole in the middle are respectively connected with an arch bridge plate 1-5-4 into a whole, and two ends of the arch bridge plate 1-5-4 are respectively welded with a tamping pick mounting seat 1-5-5 provided with a mounting hole for fixedly mounting a pair of pick feet 1-6 crossing a steel rail. The lower portions of the left and right pick arms 1-5 are each provided with a pair of pick legs 1-6 (see fig. 1) which span a strand of rail.

The eccentric crankshaft part 1-2 includes eccentric crankshafts 1-2' (see fig. 2 and 7) forming hinge pairs with inner ends of cylinder bodies 1-3-1 and 1-4-1 of the left and right clamping cylinders 1-3 and 1-4, respectively. The left and right clamping cylinders 1-3, 1-4 comprise left and right piston rods 1-3-2, 1-4-2 with overhanging ends respectively hinged with the upper parts of the left and right pick arms 1-5. The bearing mounting seat 1-1-1-3 of the lower box body 1-1 and the bearing buckling seat 1-1-2-1 of the upper box body 1-1-2 are buckled to form two coaxial buckling holes for hinging the eccentric crankshaft 1-2' of the eccentric crankshaft component 1-2. The two ends 1-2 'of the eccentric crankshaft 1-2' of the eccentric crankshaft part 1-2 are non-eccentric coaxial supporting sections, and are rotatably supported on the bearing mounting seat 1-1-1-3 of the lower box body 1-1 and the bearing buckling seat 1-1-2-1 of the upper box body 1-1-2 through cylindrical roller bearings to form two coaxial buckling holes. The eccentric sections at the joint of the eccentric crankshafts 1-2' and the single-lug clamping cylinders 1-3 serving as left clamping cylinders and the double-lug clamping cylinders 1-4 serving as right clamping cylinders respectively have eccentricities with 180 degrees of phase difference, so that vibration is generated when the eccentric crankshafts rotate, and is transmitted to corresponding pick arms through the single-lug clamping cylinders 1-3 and the double-lug clamping cylinders 1-4, and the forced driving vibration of the eccentric crankshafts is enabled to generate tamping action by utilizing the asynchronous and voltage stabilizing principles. The asynchronous principle refers to that in the clamping operation process after the tamping pick is inserted into the ballast, the compaction degree of the ballast bed is different due to the fact that the pressure of the clamping oil cylinders is consistent, so that the resistance of the ballast to the tamping pick is different, the clamping speed and the distance of the tamping pick are different, and the voltage stabilizing principle refers to that when the resistance of the ballast bed and the clamping force of the tamping pick reach balance, the clamping movement is stopped, and the ballast reaches the corresponding compaction degree. The stroke of the tamping pick can be automatically adjusted according to the actual compaction degree of the ballasts at each position of the ballast bed by combining asynchronization and voltage stabilization, and finally, each clamping position reaches the same compaction degree of the ballasts. It is easily conceivable that a double-lug clamping cylinder may be used as the left clamping cylinder and a single-lug clamping cylinder may be used as the right clamping cylinder.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the frame-type tamping device adopting the lightweight tamping device of the present embodiment is characterized in that a pair of front and rear vertical guide post members 6 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of a trapezoidal frame 2 with a large lower size, a pair of tamping units 1 which are driven to lift by a lifting cylinder member 3 and form a lifting and moving pair with the front and rear vertical guide post members 6 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the inside of the frame 2, and a rail clamping hook member 4 and a running wheel member 5 which mainly comprises a running wheel 5-1 are arranged on the bottom of the frame 2.

The concrete structure of the frame 2 is shown in fig. 10, wherein a top frame with smaller top surface area and a bottom frame with larger bottom surface area are fixedly connected through bidirectional inclined supporting columns 2-8 at four corners and unidirectional inclined supporting columns 2-8' respectively arranged at the front and the back to form a trapezoidal frame main body 2-7, the top frame is composed of a ' mesh ' -shaped frame main body and a cross beam in the middle of each frame, and the bottom frame is in a shape of a ' mouth '; the front and rear unidirectional inclined struts 2-8' are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the middle parts of the front and rear sides of the frame, and 2 unidirectional inclined struts are respectively arranged. A rotary interface 2-1 used for being connected with the suspension arm of the excavator is arranged at the central position of the top frame, the middle cross beams of the double-square-shaped frame frames at the two sides of the length direction of the top frame are upwards bent towards the different sides of the directions respectively to extend a lug-shaped lifting oil cylinder interface 2-2, and a lug-shaped tamping unit locking interface 2-6 is extended towards the other side of the lifting oil cylinder interface 2-2 respectively; four lug-shaped running wheel interfaces 2-5 symmetrically distributed extend downwards from the frames positioned at the front side and the rear side in the bottom frame, the running wheels 5-1 are connected with the running wheel interfaces 2-5 through pin shafts, the bottom frame corresponds to the first interfaces 2-4 and the second interfaces 2-4 'which are respectively and correspondingly provided with the rail clamping parts 4, the rail clamping parts 4 comprise rail clamping cylinders 4-1 which are horizontally arranged at the tops of the front side and the rear side of the bottom frame and are hinged at the ends of the cylinder bodies at the second interfaces 2-4' (particularly in a double-lug structure), the middle parts of the rail clamping cylinders are hinged at the outer side parts of the front side and the rear side of the bottom frame through the first interfaces 2-4 through pin shafts, the tops of the rail clamping hooks 4-2 are hinged with telescopic ends of the rail clamping cylinders 4-1, and the hook heads of the rail clamping hooks 4-2 are used for clamping rail bottoms or rail waists of rails. The upper and lower corresponding positions of the front and rear sides of the top frame and the bottom frame are respectively fixedly provided with upper and lower guide interfaces 2-3 and 2-3 'of the guide pillar component 6, and the upper and lower guide interfaces 2-3 and 2-3' are respectively provided with a lower plane extending outwards of the top frame and an upper plane extending inwards of the bottom frame.

The specific structure of the rotary interface 2-1 is shown in fig. 11, and is composed of three parts, wherein a lower connecting frame 2-1-1 is welded at the upper part of a frame top frame, and is connected with an upper connecting frame 2-1-3 of a vertical side plate with two raised ends corresponding to a middle concave of two pin joint holes respectively through a rotary support 2-1-2 and the opposite upper end. The lower connecting frame 2-1-1 and the upper connecting frame 2-1-3 can mutually rotate, and the upper connecting frame 2-1-3 can be respectively and quickly connected with the suspension arm of the excavator through two pin shafts penetrating through two corresponding pin joint holes. The circular arc holes 2-1-3-1 on the bottom plate of the upper connecting frame 2-1-3 are connected with the adapting bolts 2-1-1-1 penetrating through the lower connecting frame 2-1-1 and the slewing bearing 2-1-2, so that the rotation angle can be adjusted through the circular arc holes and the upper connecting frame 2-1-3, and the maximum rotatable angle of the slewing unit is finally controlled according to the set angle of the circular arc holes. The rotary unit is arranged at the middle position of the top of the frame, and after being connected with the suspension arm of the excavator, the rotary unit not only can control the angular position of the tamping device according to the requirement, so as to quickly and accurately fall on the steel rail; but also can be suitable for running and operation on curved steel rails.

The concrete structure of the lifting cylinder part 3 is shown in fig. 13, the lower end of the lifting cylinder 3-1 is hinged with the box body 1-1 of the tamping unit 1 through a pin shaft 3-3, and the upper end is hinged with the lifting cylinder interface 2-2 of the frame 2 through a pin shaft 3-2. The tamping unit 1 can be lifted and lowered as required.

The guide column part 6 comprises a guide column 6-2, an upper fixing plate 6-1 and a lower fixing plate 6-3, the structure is shown in figure 12, and two ends of the guide column 6-2 forming a vertical lifting moving pair with the vertical guide sleeve 1-1-1-5 at the outer end of the box body 1-1 of the corresponding tamping unit 1 are respectively fixed on the upper guide interface 2-3 and the lower guide interface 2-3' of the frame 2 through the upper fixing plate 6-1 and the lower fixing plate 6-3. So that the lifting and lowering of the tamping unit 1 can be ensured. Specifically, two ends of a guide post 6-2 forming a moving pair with the outer end of a box body 1-1 of the corresponding tamping unit 1 and the vertical guide sleeve 1-1-1-5 are fixed on the frame 2 through an upper fixing plate 6-1 and a lower fixing plate 6-3 respectively, wherein the upper fixing plate 6-1 is attached and fixed with the lower plane of the upper guide interface 2-3, and the lower fixing plate 6-3 is attached and fixed with the upper plane of the lower guide interface 2-3'. The upper end of the guide post 6-2 is inserted into the insertion hole of the upper fixing plate 6-1 to be fixed with the top frame through a radial fastener, the lower end of the guide post 6-2 is inserted into the central through hole of the lower fixing plate 6-3 in an interference manner to be fixed with the bottom frame through an axial fastener, and therefore the upper end and the lower end of the guide post 6-2 are substantially integrated. The lower end surface of the guide post 6-2 is coaxially provided with a positioning threaded hole and an axial positioning pin hole, and is fixed with the bottom frame by virtue of an axial fastener. More specifically, referring to fig. 14, the upper fixing plate 6-1 includes a first positioning plate 6-1-2 with a first semicircular hole 6-1-2-1 welded and fixedly connected to the frame, and a second fixing plate 6-1-1 with a second semicircular hole 6-1-1-1, which is fixedly connected to the first positioning plate 6-1-2, to form a haffy block structure, and the first semicircular hole 6-1-2-1 of the first positioning plate 6-1-2 and the second semicircular hole 6-1-1-1 of the second fixing plate 6-1 are fixedly connected to each other to form an insertion hole of the upper fixing plate 6-1 for insertion of the upper end of the guide post 6-2. The upper plane of the lower guide interface 2-3' of the frame and the lower end of the guide post 6-2 are respectively provided with a positioning pin hole, in particular to a positioning thread pin hole at the lower end of the guide post 6-2, and the positioning thread pin hole comprises a positioning pin hole and a threaded hole coaxial with the positioning pin hole, and the positioning pin hole is connected with the bottom frame through a threaded pin. More specifically, from the technical point of view, the upper fixing plate 6-1 is in a split structure, the position of the upper fixing plate 6-1 on the frame is determined by a self-made tool, and after one side (namely the first locating plate 6-1-2) of the upper fixing plate 6-1 is welded on the lower plane of the guide interface 2-3 on the frame, the tool is disassembled. Thus, when the tamping unit is mounted, the radial position of the first semicircular hole 6-1-2-1 of the first positioning plate 6-1-2 of the upper fixing plate 6-1 is determined, and the mounting position of the upper end of the guide post 6-2 is determined; The lower fixing plate 6-3 is sleeved on the guide post 6-2 in a heating interference manner, a positioning pin hole is formed in the upper plane of the lower guide interface 2-3' of the frame, a positioning thread pin hole is formed in the guide post, and the lower fixing plate and the guide post are positioned through a thread pin. In this way, the vertical guide post 6-2 not only has ideal lifting guiding function, can ensure that the tamping unit 1 lifts stably, but also is positioned on a vertical plane with a certain intersection angle with the planes of the bidirectional inclined supporting posts 2-8 and the unidirectional inclined supporting posts 2-8', and the vertical projection of the vertical plane is positioned between the top frame and the bottom frame, so that a space crossed supporting structure is formed, and the rigidity of the frame 2 is obviously increased.

Referring to fig. 13, 12, 6 and 4, the middle holes 1-5-3 of the two pick arms 1-5 are respectively hinged with pick arm hinge sleeves 1-1-1-2 at the middle parts of two ends of the lower box body 1-1-1. The lifting cylinder mounting sleeve 1-1-1-4 of the lower box body 1-1-1 is hinged with the lower end of the lifting cylinder 3-1 through a pin shaft 3-3, and the vertical guide sleeves 1-1-1-5 at the two ends are respectively sleeved on the corresponding guide posts 6-2 to form a lifting moving pair.

The ballast tamping apparatus with excavator using the frame type tamping device of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 15, in which an excavator WJ is connected to the frame type tamping device through a swivel interface 2-1 provided at the top center of a terrace-shaped frame 2 at the overhanging end of a boom WJ-1.

Practices show that the tamping unit overcomes the deflection moment problem caused by concentration of the guide position on the rear side of the box body and separation from the clamping oil cylinder in the prior art, has small volume and light weight, and the approximately bilateral symmetrical W-shaped box body and reasonable guide structures at the two ends of the box body lead the box body to be balanced in stress and stable in structure, is not easy to generate unbalanced load, has good operation stability, obviously shortens the vertical height and is more compact in structure. The frame type tamping device adopting the light tamping unit has the advantages of compact overall structure, good rigidity, high strength, strong bearing capacity, accurate positioning, uniform stress, stability, reliability, wide applicability and the like. The frame type tamping device adopting the light tamping unit can be quickly connected with the suspension arm of the excavator, the excavator provides electric and hydraulic power for the tamping device, an operator can realize automatic operation of the tamping device in the cab of the excavator, and the excavator can realize quick up-and-down and transition, so that the frame type tamping device is particularly suitable for line maintenance with short operation time of a skylight, and meets the requirement of quick maintenance of railway lines.

In other embodiments, to facilitate automated monitoring and control of the lifting displacement of the tamping unit, sensor components (such as a wire sensor 6-4 on the frame, a connector 6-5 mounted on a vertical guide sleeve of the housing, etc., as shown in fig. 12) may also be mounted between the frame and the housing of the tamping unit.

In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A tamping unit, characterized in that it comprises:

The box body is roughly symmetrical in W shape, with vertical guide sleeves at the left and right ends respectively used to form a vertical moving pair with the guide member, the upper part of the middle part supports the eccentric crankshaft component, and the middle parts of the left and right pick arms are hingedly supported between the left and right ends and the middle part;

Eccentric crankshaft component - contains an eccentric crankshaft which forms an articulated pair with the inner ends of the left and right clamping cylinders respectively;

Left and right clamping cylinders - containing left and right piston rods whose outward ends are respectively hinged to the upper parts of the left and right pickaxe arms;

Left and right pick arms - each pick arm is equipped with a pair of pick feet across a rail at the bottom;

The central axes of the vertical guide sleeves at the left and right ends of the box body and the axis lines of the left and right clamping cylinders are in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the eccentric crankshaft;

The box body is composed of a W-shaped lower box body and an upper box body that is matched and fixedly connected to the middle and upper part of the lower box body;

The lower housing comprises two W-shaped plates which are relatively parallel and arranged perpendicular to the axis of the eccentric crankshaft and are fixedly connected by a U-shaped plate in the middle and upper part, and the upper ends of both sides of the U-shaped plate are respectively fixedly connected to the bearing mounting seats with semicircular concave; the upper housing comprises two bow beams whose lower ends are respectively fixedly connected to the bearing buckle seats with semicircular concave; the bearing mounting seats and the bearing buckle seats are matched to form two coaxial matching holes for mounting the eccentric crankshaft;

The W-shaped plate is connected by two V-shaped parts, the bottom of the V-shaped part is provided with a corresponding coaxial through hole fixedly connected to one of the two ends of the pick arm hinged sleeve, and the inner side edge of one of the two V-shaped parts is provided with a coaxial through hole fixedly connected to one of the two ends of the lifting cylinder mounting sleeve, and the two outer ends of the W-shaped plate are respectively fixedly connected to the vertical guide sleeve; the pick arm includes two vertical plates with upper end holes and middle holes, the lower ends of the two vertical plates are respectively connected to the arch bridge-shaped plate at both sides, and the two ends of the arch bridge-shaped plate are respectively welded with tamping pick mounting seats with mounting holes for fixing a pair of pick feet spanning a steel rail; the upper end holes of the left and right pick arms are respectively hinged to the extended ends of the left and right clamping cylinders, and the middle holes of the left and right pick arms are respectively hinged to the two bottoms of the lower box;

The eccentric crankshaft component comprises an eccentric crankshaft which is respectively connected to the inner ends of the left and right clamping cylinders through eccentric segments with different phases to form an articulated pair;

The two ends of the eccentric crankshaft are non-eccentric coaxial support sections, which are rotatably mounted in the middle of the box body through bearings. The eccentric crankshaft has a 180° phase difference with the eccentric sections at the connection points of the left and right clamping cylinders.

2. The tamping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the outer ends of the left and right sides of the lower box body are respectively fixedly connected to the vertical guide sleeves, the two bottoms of the lower box body are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right pick arm hinged sleeves, and the middle part of the protrusion of the lower box body, close to one of the two pick arm hinged sleeves, is fixedly connected to the lifting cylinder mounting sleeve.

3. The tamping unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that the central axes of the pick arm hinge sleeve and the lifting cylinder mounting sleeve are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the eccentric crankshaft.

4. The tamping unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a locking plate with a perforation is fixedly connected between the upper ends of two bow beams arranged relatively parallel to the axis of the eccentric crankshaft, and the outer side surface of one of the bow beams is fixedly connected to a stop plate for limiting the rising position of the tamping unit; the locking plate is used to match the tamping unit locking interface on the frame supporting the tamping unit and is connected by a pin shaft.

5. A frame-type tamping device using the tamping unit described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a stepped frame which is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, a pair of front and rear vertical guide column components are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the frame, a pair of tamping units driven to rise and fall by lifting cylinder components are respectively provided on the left and right sides inside the frame, the vertical guide sleeves at the two outer ends of the tamping unit box and the corresponding vertical guide column components constitute a vertical lifting moving pair, a rail clamping hook component and a running wheel component are provided at the bottom of the frame, and a swivel interface is provided at the top center of the frame.

6. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 5 is characterized in that the frame is composed of a top frame with a smaller top surface area and a bottom frame with a larger bottom area, which are fixedly connected by two-way inclined support columns at four corners and one-way inclined support columns arranged at the front and rear respectively.

7. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 6 is characterized in that the guide columns of the guide column component are located in a vertical plane that has an angle with the plane where the bidirectional inclined support columns and the unidirectional inclined support columns are located, and whose vertical projection is located between the top frame and the bottom frame, forming a spatially crossed support structure.

8. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the upper and lower guide interfaces of the guide column components are fixedly installed at the upper and lower corresponding positions on the front and rear sides of the top frame and the bottom frame, and the upper and lower guide interfaces respectively have a lower plane extending outward from the top frame and an upper plane extending inward from the bottom frame.

9. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 8, characterized in that the two ends of the guide column of the guide column component are fixed to the upper and lower guide interfaces of the frame through an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate respectively.

10. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 9, characterized in that a positioning threaded hole and an axial positioning pin hole are coaxially arranged on the lower end of the guide column, and is fixed to the bottom frame by an axial fastener.

11. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 10 is characterized in that: the upper fixed plate includes a first positioning plate with a semicircular hole fixedly connected to the frame and a second fixed plate with another semicircular hole fixedly connected to the first positioning plate, the first positioning plate and the second fixing plate are combined to form a socket of the upper fixed plate, the upper end of the guide column is inserted into the socket of the upper fixed plate, and is fixed to the top frame by radial fasteners.

12. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the top frame is composed of a "目"-shaped frame grid body and a crossbeam in the middle of each frame grid, a swivel interface is installed at the central position of the top frame, and the crossbeams in the middle of the "日"-shaped frames on both sides of the length direction of the top frame are bent upward and then extended to different sides to form ear-shaped lifting cylinder interfaces, and ear-shaped tamping unit locking interfaces are extended to the other side of the lifting cylinder interface.

13. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the bottom frame is in the shape of a "mouth", and the frame frames located on the front and rear sides extend downward to form four symmetrically distributed ear-shaped running wheel interfaces, and the corresponding running wheel interfaces are respectively equipped with a first interface and a second interface of a rail clamping hook component.

14. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 13 is characterized in that: the rail clamping hook component includes a rail clamping hook horizontally arranged on the top of the front and rear side frames of the bottom frame, and the cylinder end is hinged to the second interface rail clamping cylinder, and the middle part is hinged to the outer part of the front and rear side frames of the bottom frame through the first interface; the top of the rail clamping hook is hinged to the telescopic end of the rail clamping cylinder, and the hook head is used to clamp the bottom or waist of the rail.

15. The frame-type tamping device according to claim 12 is characterized in that: the swivel interface comprises a lower connecting frame fixedly connected to the upper part of the frame top frame, an upper connecting frame with a middle concave structure with two ends raised and a pin-connecting hole at the upper end, and the lower connecting frame is rotatably connected to the upper connecting frame through a swivel bearing.

16. Ballast tamping equipment using the frame-type tamping device of claim 5, characterized in that it includes an excavator, and the extended end of the boom of the excavator is connected to the central rotating interface at the top of the terrace-shaped frame of the frame-type tamping device.

17. The ballast tamping equipment of the frame-type tamping device according to claim 16 is characterized in that: the lower connecting frame of the swivel interface is rotatably connected to the upper connecting frame through a swivel bearing, the upper end of the upper connecting frame has a vertical side plate and a pin connection hole with a middle recess and raised ends, and the upper connecting frame is connected to the boom of the excavator through a pin shaft passing through the pin connection hole.

18. The ballast tamping equipment of the frame type tamping device according to claim 17, characterized in that the arc hole on the bottom plate of the upper connecting frame is connected to the adapter bolts passing through the lower connecting frame and the slewing bearing.