CN117141262A - Battery charging method and device and vehicle - Google Patents
Battery charging method and device and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN117141262A CN117141262A CN202311437229.7A CN202311437229A CN117141262A CN 117141262 A CN117141262 A CN 117141262A CN 202311437229 A CN202311437229 A CN 202311437229A CN 117141262 A CN117141262 A CN 117141262A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a battery charging method, a device and a vehicle, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when the vehicle is in a state of charge, wherein the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current; obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change. The method can improve the charging speed of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a battery charging method and device and a vehicle.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy automobile technology, the slow battery charging speed is still a problem to be solved. The slow battery charging speed can cause the user to be to the anxiety of endurance of pure electric vehicles, and then influence the transformation from the fuel car to new energy car.
At present, the method for solving the problem of slow charging is mainly divided into two types, one type is to change the material and structure of the battery, but the method has higher difficulty, slow research progress and higher industrialization requirement; the other is to improve the battery charging speed in the charging method and improve the phenomena of battery aging and the like caused by large heating value.
The existing charging method is mostly multi-stage constant current (Multistage Constant Current, MCC) or multi-stage constant current and constant voltage (Multistage Constant Current Constant Voltage, MCCV), namely constant current charging is carried out by a constant large current in the initial stage of charging, and the battery is fully charged by a small current after the cut-off voltage is reached. This results in a fast early charge rate, but a slow late charge rate, without a decrease or even an increase in the final total time, i.e. without an increase or even a decrease in the average charge rate of the entire charging process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, a battery charging method, a device and a vehicle are provided to increase the charging speed of the battery.
In a first aspect, there is provided a battery charging method, the method comprising:
acquiring an initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when the vehicle is in a state of charge, wherein the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current;
obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first implementation manner of the first aspect, the step of obtaining a corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relationship includes:
determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking a charging current corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval as an initial charging current;
In the first mapping relationship, each charge state interval is associated with a corresponding charging current.
With reference to the first aspect, in a second implementation manner of the first aspect, the step of obtaining a corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relationship includes:
acquiring a preset or user-indicated charging mode;
wherein the charging mode is one of a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode; in the first mapping relationship, each charge state interval is associated with three corresponding charging currents, and the three charging currents respectively point to the fast charging mode, the balanced charging mode and the slow charging mode;
and determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking the charge current pointed by the preset or user-indicated charge mode as an initial charge current in three charge currents corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval.
With reference to the first implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third implementation manner of the first aspect, before the step of obtaining the preset first mapping relationship, the method further includes:
Acquiring a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals, wherein each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing the full state of charge of the battery;
constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval;
discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process;
optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery;
and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
With reference to the second implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, before the step of obtaining the preset first mapping relationship, the method further includes:
Acquiring a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals, wherein each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing the full state of charge of the battery;
constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval;
discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process;
optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery;
and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method, and distributing different weights for the total charge duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relation.
With reference to the third or fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth implementation manner of the first aspect, the step of constructing a thermal equilibrium relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each of the state of charge intervals includes:
Acquiring preset first parameter information, wherein the first parameter information comprises battery quality, battery specific heat capacity, sampling period, electromotive force temperature rise coefficient of the battery and convective heat transfer coefficient of the battery and the outside;
collecting second parameter information, wherein the second parameter information comprises battery temperature, external environment temperature, ohmic internal resistance of the battery, polarization internal resistance of the battery and convection heat exchange area of the battery and the external environment;
constructing the thermal balance relation according to the first parameter information, the second parameter information and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, wherein the thermal balance relation comprises:
for the battery quality, < >>For the specific heat capacity of the cell->For the battery temperature, +.>Differential of the battery temperature, +.>For the charging current corresponding to the Nth state of charge interval, < >>For the ohmic internal resistance->For the polarization internal resistance, < >>For the electromotive force temperature rise coefficient, +.>For the convection heat transfer coefficient, < >>For the convection heat exchange area,/a>Is the ambient temperature.
With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the temperature relation includes:
Wherein,for the initial moment +.>For the sampling period +.>For the battery temperature corresponding to the moment of the sampling period passing the initial moment, +.>Euler number, & lt + & gt>Is the battery temperature at the initial time.
With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the step of performing optimization processing on the temperature relation with respect to a total charging duration of the battery and an aging condition of the battery as an optimization target to obtain a second mapping relationship regarding the total charging duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery includes:
changing the number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, taking the number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval as optimization variables, taking the total charge time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets, taking the temperature rise condition of the battery as constraint conditions, and optimizing the temperature relation to obtain the second mapping relation, wherein the temperature rise condition of the battery is thatAnd->Difference between them.
With reference to the fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, in an eighth implementation manner of the first aspect, the step of evaluating the second mapping relationship by using a merit-worse distance method and allocating different weights to a total charging duration of the battery and an aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relationship includes:
And evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain a third mapping relation, wherein the third mapping relation represents: a plurality of charge state intervals are respectively provided with a corresponding charging current;
and respectively distributing different weights for the total charging duration and the aging condition in a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode, and evaluating the third mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
In a second aspect, there is provided a battery charging apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the system comprises an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when a vehicle is in a state of charge, and the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current;
the execution unit is used for obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial charge state and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change.
In a third aspect, there is provided a vehicle comprising a battery charging device according to the second aspect, wherein the battery charging device is adapted to perform the steps of the battery charging method according to the first aspect or any of the embodiments in combination with the first aspect.
According to the battery charging method, the device and the vehicle, when the vehicle is in a charging state, the initial state of charge of the battery and the preset first mapping relation are obtained, wherein the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, and setting corresponding charging current in each state of charge interval; obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; the charging current is changed in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so that the battery is fully charged through the charging current after the real-time change. Therefore, the full charge state of the battery is divided into a plurality of sections, and each section charges the battery by using different current values; in the prior art, the early stage adopts high-current quick charge, the later stage adopts low-current slow charge, and finally the average charging speed of the whole charging process is not improved or even reduced. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effect of improving the charging speed of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of charging a battery in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a battery charging apparatus according to one embodiment;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a battery charging apparatus in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, the illustrations provided in the present embodiment merely illustrate the basic concept of the present application by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings attached hereto are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims.
References in this specification to orientations or positional relationships as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "intermediate", "longitudinal", "transverse", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "radial", "circumferential", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are also for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore are not to be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a battery charging method including the steps of:
s101: acquiring an initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when the vehicle is in a state of charge, wherein the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current;
s102: obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change.
In a specific embodiment, before the step of obtaining the preset first mapping relationship, the method further includes: acquiring a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals, wherein each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing the full state of charge of the battery; constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval; discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process; optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery; and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
In the above step, if the number of preset charge state intervals is NThe number of the two-dimensional space-saving type,Nthe charging currents corresponding to the charge state intervals are respectively、、……、Wherein the number of the charge state intervals is (0, 20]Inside, and->The maximum allowable charge current of the battery is not exceeded at maximum.
Further, the step of constructing a thermal balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each state of charge interval includes: acquiring preset first parameter information, wherein the first parameter information comprises battery quality, battery specific heat capacity, sampling period, electromotive force temperature rise coefficient of the battery and convective heat transfer coefficient of the battery and the outside; collecting second parameter information, wherein the second parameter information comprises battery temperature, external environment temperature, ohmic internal resistance of the battery, polarization internal resistance of the battery and convection heat exchange area of the battery and the external environment; constructing the thermal balance relation according to the first parameter information, the second parameter information and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, wherein the thermal balance relation comprises:
for the battery quality, < >>For the specific heat capacity of the cell->For the battery temperature, +. >Differential of the battery temperature, +.>Is the firstNCharging current corresponding to each of the state of charge intervals, < >>For the ohmic internal resistance->For the polarization internal resistance, < >>For the electromotive force temperature rise coefficient, +.>For the convection heat transfer coefficient, < >>For the convection heat exchange area,/a>Is the ambient temperature.
It should be noted that, the electromotive force temperature rise coefficient changes with the change of the state of charge of the battery, the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance both change with the change of the battery temperature, the state of charge of the battery and the battery current, and these three parameters can be obtained through the battery hybrid power pulse characteristic experiment.
Discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation the thermal equilibrium relation, generating a temperature relation for the battery comprising:
wherein,for the initial moment +.>For the sampling period +.>For the battery temperature corresponding to the moment of the sampling period passing the initial moment, +.>Euler number, & lt + & gt>Is the battery temperature at the initial time.
Still further, the step of optimizing the temperature relation by using the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation between the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery includes: changing the number of the charge state sections and the charging current corresponding to each charge state section, taking the number of the charge state sections and the charging current corresponding to each charge state section as optimization variables, and taking the battery as a power supply Taking the total charging time of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets, and taking the temperature rise condition of the battery as constraint conditions, optimizing the temperature relation to obtain the second mapping relation, wherein the temperature rise condition of the battery is thatAnd->Difference between them.
Specifically, the second mapping relationship is a pareto curve related to a total charging duration of the battery and an aging condition of the battery, wherein the total charging duration and the aging condition are determined according to a total number of the state-of-charge intervals and charging currents corresponding to the state-of-charge intervals.
The total charging time isNThe sum of the charging durations corresponding to the respective state of charge intervals may be expressed as:
wherein->In order to charge the total length of time,is the total number of charge state intervals, +.>Index of state of charge interval +.>In the first placenCharge capacity corresponding to the individual state of charge interval, < >>Is->And charging time periods corresponding to the charge state intervals.
The ageing condition is obtained by the following steps: acquiring a preset battery discharge rate and a preset gas constant; collecting the battery temperature and the charging capacity of the charging current in corresponding time; obtaining the aging condition according to the battery discharge rate, the gas constant, the battery temperature and the current state of charge, wherein obtaining the mathematical expression of the aging condition comprises:
For the ageing conditions->For the battery discharge rate,/->Euler number, & lt + & gt>For the gas constant of the gas to be mentioned,Tfor the battery temperature, +.>Is the charging capacity.
The charge capacity can be determined according toNThe charging current and the charging duration corresponding to each charge state interval are calculated and obtained, and can be expressed as:wherein->Is the total number of charge state intervals, +.>Index of state of charge interval +.>Is->Charging current corresponding to each state of charge interval, < >>Is->And charging time periods corresponding to the charge state intervals.
Since the total charge duration and aging of the battery are related to the total number of charge state intervalsNCharging current corresponding to each charge state intervalThus as a function of the total number of state of charge intervalsNCharging current corresponding to each state of charge interval +.>In order to optimize variables, the total charge time length and the aging condition of the battery are continuously used as optimization targets, and after the second mapping relation is evaluated by a good-bad distance method, the relation which takes the total charge time length and the aging condition into consideration can be obtainedNIndividual state of charge intervalsNThe pareto curve of each charging current is a first mapping relation.
The first mapping relationship may be a schematic diagram of the relationship between the state of charge interval and the charging current as shown in table 1, when the real-time state of charge of the battery is in At the time, the charging current is +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the real-time state of charge of the battery is +.>At the time, the charging current is +.>；……; similarly, the charging current is changed every time the real-time state of charge of the battery satisfies a state of charge interval until the battery reaches a full state of charge.
TABLE 1 schematic representation of the relationship between state of charge interval and charging current
After the first mapping relation is obtained through the steps, in the first mapping relation, each charge state interval is associated with a corresponding charging current. When the first mapping relation is used, a corresponding initial charging current can be obtained according to the initial charge state and the first mapping relation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking a charging current corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval as an initial charging current.
And after the battery is charged according to the initial charging current, acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time, changing the charging current when the real-time state of charge reaches one state of charge interval, charging the battery with the charging current corresponding to the state of charge interval reached by the real-time state of charge, and continuously changing the charging current according to the real-time state of charge until the battery is fully charged.
In another specific embodiment, a first mapping relationship, a manner of generating the first mapping relationship, and a manner of applying the first mapping relationship different from the above embodiments are provided. Specifically, before the step of obtaining the first mapping relationship, the method further includes: acquiring a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals, wherein each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing the full state of charge of the battery; constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval; discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process; optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery; and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method, and distributing different weights for the total charge duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relation.
Further, the step of evaluating the second mapping relationship by using a good-bad distance method and distributing different weights for the total charging duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relationship includes: and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain a third mapping relation, wherein the third mapping relation represents: a plurality of charge state intervals are respectively provided with a corresponding charging current; and respectively distributing different weights for the total charging duration and the aging condition in a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode, and evaluating the third mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the steps of dividing the state of charge interval, setting the corresponding charging current for the state of charge interval, constructing the heat balance relation, generating the temperature relation, optimizing the temperature relation to generate the second mapping relation, evaluating the second mapping relation, and the like are the same as the related steps in the above embodiment, and detailed description thereof is omitted herein.
The third mapping relation of the present embodiment has the same meaning as the first mapping relation of the above embodiment, and relates toNIndividual state of charge intervalsNThe third map of the present embodiment may be a schematic diagram of the relationship between the charge state interval and the charging current shown in table 1 in the above embodiment.
After the third mapping relation is obtained, the first mapping relation can be obtained by evaluating the third mapping relation according to the total charging time length of the battery and different weight values of the aging condition of the battery and using a good-bad distance method, and in the first mapping relation, each charge state interval corresponds to three charge currents, and each charge current corresponds to three different charge modes, namely a fast charge mode, a balanced charge mode and a slow charge mode.
In the quick charge mode, the weight allocated to the total charge duration is higher than the weight allocated to the aging condition, namely, the degree of considering the total charge duration is higher than the degree of considering the aging condition, and preferably, the ratio of the weight allocated to the total charge duration to the weight allocated to the aging condition is maximally 0.9:0.1 at most and 0.5:0.4 at least on the premise of considering the battery aging; the weight allocated to the total charging duration in the balanced charging mode is equal to the weight allocated to the aging condition, namely the total charging duration is considered to be the same as the degree of the aging condition, and the ratio of the weights allocated to the total charging duration to the aging condition is 0.5:0.5; similarly, in the slow charging mode, the weight allocated to the total charging duration is smaller than the weight allocated to the aging condition, that is, the degree of considering the aging condition is higher than the degree of considering the total charging duration, preferably, the ratio of the weight allocated to the total charging duration to the weight allocated to the aging condition is maximized under the premise of considering the total charging duration, that is, the ratio is 0.1:0.9 at the minimum and 0.4:0.5 at the maximum.
In general, as shown in the schematic table of the weight ratios of the three charging modes in table 2, in the same weight allocation manner, the ratio of the weight allocated to the total charging period and the weight allocated to the aging condition in the fast charging mode (hereinafter, simply referred to as the weight ratio in table 2) should be reciprocal to the ratio of the weight allocated to the total charging period and the weight allocated to the aging condition in the slow charging mode.
Table 2 schematic table of the ratio of weights of three charging modes
After the first mapping relation is obtained through the steps, in the first mapping relation, three corresponding charging currents are associated with each charge state interval, and the three charging currents point to the fast charging mode, the balanced charging mode and the slow charging mode respectively. When the first mapping relation is used, a corresponding initial charging current is obtained according to the initial charge state and the first mapping relation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring a preset or user-indicated charging mode, wherein the charging mode is one of a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode; and determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking the charge current pointed by the preset or user-indicated charge mode as an initial charge current in three charge currents corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval.
The method comprises the steps of acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time after the battery is charged according to the initial state of charge, changing the charging current every time the real-time state of charge reaches a state of charge interval, charging the battery by the charging current pointing to a preset or user-indicated charging mode in three charging currents corresponding to the state of charge interval reached by the real-time state of charge, and continuously changing the charging current according to the real-time state of charge until the battery is fully charged. Therefore, the first mapping relation obtained by the embodiment not only can change the charging current according to the real-time charge state of the battery, but also can select a specific charging mode according to specific scene requirements, thereby improving scene adaptability.
The preset charging mode may be any one of a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode, and in general, in order to consider the total charging duration and the aging condition at the same time, the preset charging mode may be a balanced charging mode.
After the battery ages, the chemical reaction speed in the battery is reduced, the resistance in the battery is increased, and the charging current is reduced, namely the charging speed is reduced due to the aging of the battery; the aging of the battery is strongly related to the charging current; and the service life of the battery can be influenced by the temperature of the battery in the charging process. Therefore, in the step of generating the first mapping relation in the two embodiments, the total charge duration and the aging condition of the battery are taken as optimization targets, and the temperature rise of the battery is taken as a limiting condition, so that the total number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each interval are optimized, and the obtained first mapping relation considers the aging condition of the battery, limits the temperature rise condition of the battery, and can ensure the charging speed of the battery in the most aspects.
When the battery charging method is specifically applied, because the currents sent by the charging pile and the charging gun are usually fixed, the ideal charging current is obtained through the first mapping relation when the currents sent by the charging pile and the charging gun are obtained, then the currents sent by the charging pile and the charging gun are processed, the processed currents are consistent with the charging current obtained through the first mapping relation, and then the battery is charged according to the processed charging current.
In summary, the full charge state of the battery is divided into a plurality of sections, and each section charges the battery by using different current values; in the prior art, the early stage adopts high-current quick charge, the later stage adopts low-current slow charge, and finally the average charging speed of the whole charging process is not improved or even reduced. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effect of improving the charging speed of the battery.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 1 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 1 may include multiple sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor do the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a portion of other steps or sub-steps of other steps.
In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, there is provided a battery charging apparatus including:
the system comprises an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when a vehicle is in a state of charge, and the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current;
the execution unit is used for obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial charge state and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change.
In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the corresponding initial charging current by the execution unit according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relationship includes: determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking a charging current corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval as an initial charging current; in the first mapping relationship, each charge state interval is associated with a corresponding charging current.
In another embodiment, the step of obtaining the corresponding initial charging current by the execution unit according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relationship includes: acquiring a preset or user-indicated charging mode; wherein the charging mode is one of a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode; in the first mapping relationship, each charge state interval is associated with three corresponding charging currents, and the three charging currents respectively point to the fast charging mode, the balanced charging mode and the slow charging mode; and determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking the charge current pointed by the preset or user-indicated charge mode as an initial charge current in three charge currents corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus further includes a preprocessing unit, in an embodiment, the preprocessing unit is configured to obtain a preset plurality of state-of-charge intervals before the obtaining unit obtains a preset first mapping relationship, where each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing a full state of charge of the battery; constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval; discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process; optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery; and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
Specifically, in another embodiment, the preprocessing unit is configured to obtain a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals before the obtaining unit obtains a preset first mapping relationship, where each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing a full state of charge of the battery; constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval; discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process; optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery; and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method, and distributing different weights for the total charge duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relation.
Specifically, the preprocessing unit is configured to construct a thermal equilibrium relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each state of charge interval, and includes: acquiring preset first parameter information, wherein the first parameter information comprises battery quality, battery specific heat capacity, sampling period, electromotive force temperature rise coefficient of the battery and convective heat transfer coefficient of the battery and the outside; collecting second parameter information, wherein the second parameter information comprises battery temperature, external environment temperature, ohmic internal resistance of the battery, polarization internal resistance of the battery and convection heat exchange area of the battery and the external environment; constructing the thermal balance relation according to the first parameter information, the second parameter information and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, wherein the thermal balance relation comprises:
for the battery quality, < >>For the specific heat capacity of the cell->For the battery temperature, +.>Differential of the battery temperature, +.>For the charging current corresponding to the Nth state of charge interval, < >>For the ohmic internal resistance->For the polarization internal resistance, < >>For the electromotive force temperature rise coefficient, +.>For the convection heat transfer coefficient, < > >For the convection heat exchange area,/a>Is the ambient temperature.
Specifically, the temperature relation includes:
wherein,for the initial moment +.>For the sampling period +.>For the battery temperature corresponding to the moment of the sampling period passing the initial moment, +.>Euler number, & lt + & gt>Is the battery temperature at the initial time.
Specifically, the step of the preprocessing unit for optimizing the temperature relation by using the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation between the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery includes: changing the number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, taking the number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval as optimization variables, taking the total charge time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets, taking the temperature rise condition of the battery as constraint conditions, and optimizing the temperature relation to obtain the second mapping relation, wherein the temperature rise condition of the battery is that And->Difference between them.
Specifically, the preprocessing unit is configured to evaluate the second mapping relationship by using a good-bad distance method, and allocate different weights to a total charging duration of the battery and an aging condition of the battery, so as to obtain the first mapping relationship, where the step includes: and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain a third mapping relation, wherein the third mapping relation represents: a plurality of charge state intervals are respectively provided with a corresponding charging current; and respectively distributing different weights for the total charging duration and the aging condition in a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode, and evaluating the third mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
For specific limitations of the battery charging device, reference may be made to the above limitations of the battery charging method, and no further description is given here. Each of the modules in the battery charging apparatus described above may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.
In a third embodiment, there is provided a vehicle including the battery charging device according to the second embodiment described above for performing the steps of the battery charging method according to the first embodiment described above.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method of charging a battery, the method comprising:
acquiring an initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when the vehicle is in a state of charge, wherein the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current;
Obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change.
2. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first map includes:
determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking a charging current corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval as an initial charging current;
in the first mapping relationship, each charge state interval is associated with a corresponding charging current.
3. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the corresponding initial charging current according to the initial state of charge and the first map includes:
Acquiring a preset or user-indicated charging mode;
wherein the charging mode is one of a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode; in the first mapping relationship, each charge state interval is associated with three corresponding charging currents, and the three charging currents respectively point to the fast charging mode, the balanced charging mode and the slow charging mode;
and determining a charge state interval pointed by the initial charge state in the first mapping relation, and taking the charge current pointed by the preset or user-indicated charge mode as an initial charge current in three charge currents corresponding to the charge state interval pointed by the determined initial charge state interval.
4. The battery charging method according to claim 2, wherein, before the step of acquiring the preset first map, the method further comprises:
acquiring a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals, wherein each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing the full state of charge of the battery;
Constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval;
discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process;
optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery;
and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
5. The battery charging method according to claim 3, wherein, before the step of acquiring the preset first map, the method further comprises:
acquiring a plurality of preset state-of-charge intervals, wherein each state-of-charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current, and the plurality of state-of-charge intervals are obtained by dividing the full state of charge of the battery;
constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval;
Discretizing, law transformation and reverse Law transformation are carried out on the thermal balance relation to generate a temperature relation of the battery, wherein the temperature relation is used for predicting the temperature change condition of the battery in the charging process;
optimizing the temperature relation by taking the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain a second mapping relation of the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery;
and evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method, and distributing different weights for the total charge duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relation.
6. The battery charging method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the step of constructing a heat balance relation of the battery based on the charging current corresponding to each of the state of charge intervals, comprises:
acquiring preset first parameter information, wherein the first parameter information comprises battery quality, battery specific heat capacity, sampling period, electromotive force temperature rise coefficient of the battery and convective heat transfer coefficient of the battery and the outside;
Collecting second parameter information, wherein the second parameter information comprises battery temperature, external environment temperature, ohmic internal resistance of the battery, polarization internal resistance of the battery and convection heat exchange area of the battery and the external environment;
constructing the thermal balance relation according to the first parameter information, the second parameter information and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, wherein the thermal balance relation comprises:
，
for the battery quality, < >>For the specific heat capacity of the cell->For the battery temperature, +.>Differential of the battery temperature, +.>For the charging current corresponding to the Nth state of charge interval, < >>For the ohmic internal resistance->For the internal resistance of the polarization,for the electromotive force temperature rise coefficient，For the convection heat transfer coefficient, < >>For the convection heat exchange area,/a>Is the ambient temperature.
7. The battery charging method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature relation includes:
，
wherein,for the initial moment +.>For the sampling period +.>For the battery temperature corresponding to the moment of the sampling period passing the initial moment, +.>Euler number, & lt + & gt>Is the battery temperature at the initial time.
8. The battery charging method according to claim 7, wherein the step of optimizing the temperature relation with the total charge duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets to obtain the second map with respect to the total charge duration of the battery and the aging condition of the battery includes:
changing the number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval, taking the number of the charge state intervals and the charging current corresponding to each charge state interval as optimization variables, taking the total charge time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery as optimization targets, taking the temperature rise condition of the battery as constraint conditions, and optimizing the temperature relation to obtain the second mapping relation, wherein the temperature rise condition of the battery is thatAnddifference between them.
9. The battery charging method according to claim 5, wherein the step of evaluating the second mapping relationship by using a good-bad distance method and assigning different weights to the total charging time length of the battery and the aging condition of the battery to obtain the first mapping relationship comprises:
And evaluating the second mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain a third mapping relation, wherein the third mapping relation represents: a plurality of charge state intervals are respectively provided with a corresponding charging current;
and respectively distributing different weights for the total charging duration and the aging condition in a fast charging mode, a balanced charging mode and a slow charging mode, and evaluating the third mapping relation by adopting a good-bad distance method to obtain the first mapping relation.
10. A battery charging apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the system comprises an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the initial state of charge of a battery and a preset first mapping relation when a vehicle is in a state of charge, and the first mapping relation represents: dividing the full state of charge of the battery into a plurality of state of charge intervals, wherein each state of charge interval is associated with a corresponding charging current;
the execution unit is used for obtaining corresponding initial charging current according to the initial charge state and the first mapping relation; charging the battery according to the initial charging current, and acquiring the real-time state of charge of the battery in real time; and changing the charging current in real time when the real-time state of charge points to one state of charge interval, so as to fully charge the battery through the charging current after the real-time change.
11. A vehicle comprising a battery charging device according to claim 10, wherein the battery charging device is adapted to perform the steps of the battery charging method according to any one of claims 1-9.
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