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CN117127585B - Expressway goaf section construction method and system for crossing coal seam - Google Patents

Expressway goaf section construction method and system for crossing coal seam Download PDF

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CN117127585B
CN117127585B CN202311118753.8A CN202311118753A CN117127585B CN 117127585 B CN117127585 B CN 117127585B CN 202311118753 A CN202311118753 A CN 202311118753A CN 117127585 B CN117127585 B CN 117127585B
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grouting
goaf
construction
cavity
foundation
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CN117127585A (en
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邵景干
尚廷东
叶国永
刘旭玲
秦恒洁
张亦刚
李森
张志远
高燕龙
孔元元
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Henan Communications Vocational And Technical College Henan Provincial Traffic Tv Secondary Professional School
Henan Jiaoyuan Engineering Technology Group Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/022Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
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    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00Materials
    • E02D2300/0004Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002Concrete
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method and a system for a highway to pass through a goaf section of a coal seam, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: according to geological investigation results, analyzing the depth, range and rock-soil characteristics of the multilayer goaf; setting grouting holes at key positions of goafs of different layers by using a professional drilling machine; the size of the hollow space of the goaf is monitored in real time by adopting high-precision measuring equipment, and grouting equipment is selected according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials; performing layered three-dimensional cross grouting by using the grouting equipment; monitoring potential dangerous phenomena existing in the foundation in real time; detecting grouting effect by adopting a geological radar, and analyzing detection data; it is evaluated whether other foundation stabilization techniques need to be incorporated. The high-precision measuring equipment can monitor the size of the hollow space in real time and acquire the information of the size, depth and shape of the hollow space in time, is beneficial to finding potential safety hazards in time, and improves the accuracy of foundation reinforcement engineering.

Description

一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法及系统A construction method and system for a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于施工技术领域,尤其是一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法及系统。The invention belongs to the field of construction technology, and in particular to a construction method and system for a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section.

背景技术Background Art

煤层采空区段是指在煤矿开采过程中已经被采完的煤层区域,也称为采空区或采空区域。由于煤层采空后,原来支撑煤层的岩石失去支撑,导致地表和地下水位下降、地面沉降等问题。同时采空区还可能产生有害气体和火灾等安全隐患,对煤矿安全生产和环境保护造成威胁。The mined-out section of a coal seam refers to the area of the coal seam that has been mined out during the coal mining process, also known as the goaf or goaf area. After the coal seam is mined out, the rock that originally supported the coal seam loses its support, leading to problems such as a drop in surface and underground water levels and ground subsidence. At the same time, the goaf may also produce safety hazards such as harmful gases and fires, posing a threat to coal mine safety production and environmental protection.

高速公路穿越煤层采空区段是指高速公路在建设时经过已经开采完毕的煤矿地区,其中的采空区指的是已经被挖掘空了的煤矿区域。这些区域通常具有较大的地质不稳定性和沉降风险,因此需要采取一系列的技术措施来保证道路的安全和稳定。The highway passing through the coal seam goaf section means that the highway passes through the coal mine area that has been mined during construction. The goaf area refers to the coal mine area that has been excavated. These areas usually have greater geological instability and subsidence risks, so a series of technical measures need to be taken to ensure the safety and stability of the road.

现有技术中高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法存在的弊端主要包括以下几点:The disadvantages of the existing construction methods of expressways crossing coal seam goaf sections mainly include the following:

1、现有技术往往未能充分考虑多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,可能导致地基处理不充分,无法满足高速公路的安全需求。1. Existing technologies often fail to fully consider the depth, scope and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goafs, which may lead to inadequate foundation treatment and fail to meet the safety requirements of highways.

2、现有技术可能没有针对不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状进行合适的注浆材料选择,这可能会导致注浆效果不佳,甚至引发地基稳定性问题。2. The existing technology may not select appropriate grouting materials according to the size and shape of the voids in different layers of goaf, which may lead to poor grouting effect and even cause foundation stability problems.

3、现有技术可能未根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择合适的注浆设备,这可能导致施工效率低下,无法满足高速公路建设的进度要求。3. The existing technology may not select suitable grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials, which may lead to low construction efficiency and fail to meet the progress requirements of highway construction.

针对相关技术中的问题,目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。Currently, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related technologies.

发明内容Summary of the invention

发明目的:提供一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法及系统,以克服现有相关技术所存在的上述技术问题。Purpose of the invention: To provide a construction method and system for a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section, so as to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

技术方案:根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,该施工方法包括以下步骤:Technical solution: According to one aspect of the present invention, a construction method for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section is provided, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

S1、根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状;S1. According to the geological survey results, the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goaf are analyzed to obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf;

S2、根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;S2. According to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, select grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf, use professional drilling rigs to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf, and reinforce the openings of the grouting holes;

S3、采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备;S3. Use high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time, and select grouting equipment based on soil geological conditions and grouting materials;

S4、利用所述注浆设备进行分层立体交叉注浆,并使用注浆管道将浆液输送至注浆孔;S4, using the grouting equipment to perform layered three-dimensional cross grouting, and using a grouting pipeline to transport the slurry to the grouting hole;

S5、采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数;S5. Use valves to adjust the inflow and outflow of slurry, monitor the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation in real time, and adjust the grouting parameters;

S6、采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,分析检测数据,评估加固效果;S6. Use geological radar to detect the grouting effect, analyze the test data, and evaluate the reinforcement effect;

S7、根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术。S7. Based on the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions, evaluate whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies.

在进一步的实施例中,所述根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, the step of analyzing the depth, range and geotechnical properties of multi-layer goaf areas according to geological survey results to obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf areas includes the following steps:

S11、根据工程需求,设定采掘方案,并收集采空区段施工现场的地质勘探数据;S11. Set up the mining plan according to the project requirements and collect geological exploration data at the construction site of the goaf section;

S12、对所述地质勘察数据进行分析,得到采空区的基本情况;S12, analyzing the geological survey data to obtain basic information of the goaf;

S13、根据所述采空区的基本情况和所述采掘方案,识别出多层采空区的具体位置、深度和范围,并分析开采过程中造成的地基变形和稳定性问题;S13, according to the basic situation of the goaf and the mining plan, identify the specific location, depth and range of the multi-layer goaf, and analyze the foundation deformation and stability problems caused by the mining process;

S14、根据所述采空区的基本情况研究不同层采空区的岩土特性,对不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状进行计算。S14. Study the geotechnical characteristics of goafs at different levels according to the basic conditions of the goafs, and calculate the sizes and shapes of the cavities at different levels.

在进一步的实施例中,所述根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,并使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,加固孔口防止塌陷包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, the method of selecting grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf according to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, and using a professional drilling rig to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf to reinforce the orifices to prevent collapse includes the following steps:

S21、根据不同层采空区的岩土特性、空洞大小和形状选择合适的注浆材料;S21. Select appropriate grouting materials according to the geotechnical characteristics, cavity size and shape of different layers of goaf;

S22、分析不同层采空区的结构特点,确定注浆孔的关键位置;S22. Analyze the structural characteristics of goafs at different layers and determine the key locations of grouting holes;

S23、使用专业钻机在关键位置钻设注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;S23, using a professional drilling rig to drill grouting holes at key locations, and reinforcing the openings of the grouting holes;

S24、依据注浆孔的关键位置的具体情况,制定注浆方案;S24. Formulate a grouting plan based on the specific conditions of the key locations of the grouting holes;

S25、根据所述注浆方案,使用专业注浆设备对各个所述注浆孔进行注浆处理。S25. According to the grouting scheme, use professional grouting equipment to perform grouting treatment on each of the grouting holes.

在进一步的实施例中,所述分析不同层采空区的结构特点,确定注浆孔的关键位置包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, analyzing the structural characteristics of different layers of goaf and determining the key positions of grouting holes comprises the following steps:

S221、获取不同采空区的地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据;S221. Obtain geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data of different goaf areas;

S222、根据地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据确定不同采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性;S222. Determine the geometry, rock structure and material properties of different goafs based on geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data;

S223、按照不同采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性划分网格,并为网格中每个单元分配相应的材料属性;S223, dividing the grid according to the geometric shapes, rock structure and material properties of different goafs, and assigning corresponding material properties to each unit in the grid;

S224、设置边界条件和载荷,采用求解器,对有限元模型进行求解,得到采空区的变形和应力分布情况;S224, setting boundary conditions and loads, using a solver to solve the finite element model, and obtaining the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf;

S225、将所述采空区的变形和应力分布情况输入有限元分析模型,计算得出,出现塌陷、空洞连通密集和易产生渗漏的关键位置;S225, inputting the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf into a finite element analysis model, and calculating key locations where collapse occurs, where cavities are densely connected, and where leakage is likely to occur;

S226、根据计算结果和工程实际情况,对注浆孔的位置进行综合判断并确定注浆孔的关键位置。S226. Based on the calculation results and actual project conditions, make a comprehensive judgment on the location of the grouting holes and determine the key locations of the grouting holes.

在进一步的实施例中,所述采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, the method of using high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time and selecting grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials includes the following steps:

S31、选用高精度测量设备,对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测并获取空洞尺寸、深度及形态信息;S31. Use high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time and obtain information on the size, depth and shape of the voids;

S32、根据监测数据分析空洞的稳定性、存在的风险以及周围土壤地质条件;S32. Analyze the stability of the cavity, the risks involved, and the surrounding soil geological conditions based on the monitoring data;

S33、采用数值模拟评估空洞稳定性;S33, using numerical simulation to evaluate the stability of voids;

S34、根据土壤地质条件和空洞特点,选择合适的注浆材料;S34. Select appropriate grouting materials according to soil geological conditions and cavity characteristics;

S35、综合考虑土壤地质条件、空洞特征和注浆材料的性能,并以施工项目综合耗损值最低为优化目标建立设备选型优化模型,得到施工项目中各施工工序的优选注浆设备;S35. Comprehensively consider the soil geological conditions, cavity characteristics and performance of grouting materials, and establish an equipment selection optimization model with the lowest comprehensive loss value of the construction project as the optimization goal, so as to obtain the optimal grouting equipment for each construction process in the construction project;

S36、根据空洞的具体情况和注浆方案,部署优选注浆设备并进行施工,监测注浆效果,确保采空区的稳定性和安全。S36. According to the specific conditions of the cavity and the grouting plan, deploy the optimal grouting equipment and carry out construction, monitor the grouting effect, and ensure the stability and safety of the goaf.

在进一步的实施例中,所述采用数值模拟模型评估空洞稳定性包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, the evaluating the void stability using a numerical simulation model comprises the following steps:

S331、根据所述采空区地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据,创建空洞三维几何模型;S331, creating a three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity based on the geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data of the goaf area;

S332、根据所述空洞三维几何模型,结合周围土壤地质条件,利用数值模拟法对空洞及其周边土壤进行力学分析,得到空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域;S332, based on the three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity and in combination with the surrounding soil geological conditions, a numerical simulation method is used to perform mechanical analysis on the cavity and its surrounding soil to obtain stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential instability areas of the cavity and its surrounding soil;

S334、根据空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域判断空洞是否具有稳定性风险,若存在稳定性风险,则进一步优化注浆方案;S334. Determine whether the cavity has stability risk based on the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential instability area of the cavity and its surrounding soil. If there is stability risk, further optimize the grouting scheme;

S335、依据空洞稳定性分析和优化后注浆方案,重新评估空洞稳定性;S335. Re-evaluate the cavity stability based on the cavity stability analysis and optimized grouting scheme;

S336、重复执行S331-S335,直到最终生成满足施工要求的注浆方案并保证空洞的稳定。S336. Repeat S331-S335 until a grouting scheme that meets the construction requirements and ensures the stability of the cavity is finally generated.

在进一步的实施例中,所述设备选型优化模型的公式如下:In a further embodiment, the formula of the equipment selection optimization model is as follows:

K(x)=λ1A(x)+λ2B(x),λ12=1K(x)=λ 1 A(x)+λ 2 B(x),λ 12 =1

式中,K(x)为项目综合耗损值;In the formula, K(x) is the comprehensive loss value of the project;

x为施工项目的名称;x is the name of the construction project;

A(x)为施工项目的成本;A(x) is the cost of the construction project;

B(x)为施工项目的工期;B(x) is the duration of the construction project;

λ1和λ2分别为施工项目的成本和施工项目的工期的权重。 λ1 and λ2 are the weights of the cost and duration of the construction project respectively.

在进一步的实施例中,所述采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, the method of using a valve to adjust the inflow and outflow of slurry, real-time monitoring of potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation, and adjusting grouting parameters includes the following steps:

S51、利用物联网传感器技术收集注浆过程中的施工参数数据;S51. Use IoT sensor technology to collect construction parameter data during grouting;

S52、利用所述空洞三维几何模型和所述数值模拟法对实时施工参数数据进行分析,评估地基内部存在的潜在危险现象;S52, using the three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity and the numerical simulation method to analyze the real-time construction parameter data to evaluate the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation;

S53、根据分析结果,调整阀门以控制浆液的进出,并相应调整注浆参数,确保地基加固效果。S53. According to the analysis results, adjust the valve to control the inflow and outflow of slurry, and adjust the grouting parameters accordingly to ensure the foundation reinforcement effect.

在进一步的实施例中,所述根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术,以提高多层采空区地基的整体稳定包括以下步骤:In a further embodiment, the step of evaluating whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies to improve the overall stability of the multi-layer goaf foundation according to the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions includes the following steps:

S71、对比注浆加固前后的空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域的特征变化,评价注浆加固效果;S71. Compare the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and characteristic changes of the potential unstable area of the cavity and its surrounding soil before and after grouting reinforcement to evaluate the grouting reinforcement effect;

S72、根据采空区地质条件和施工环境,分析地基稳定性是否满足工程要求;S72. Analyze whether the foundation stability meets the engineering requirements based on the geological conditions of the goaf and the construction environment;

S73、若注浆加固效果不理想或地基稳定性仍不满足工程要求,则考虑采用其他地基加固技术;S73. If the grouting reinforcement effect is not ideal or the foundation stability still does not meet the engineering requirements, consider using other foundation reinforcement technologies;

S74、根据具体情况,选择适合的地基加固技术并制定相应的施工方案;S74. Select appropriate foundation reinforcement technology and formulate corresponding construction plan according to specific conditions;

S75、实施所述制定相应的施工方案,并监测地基加固效果,评估多次加固后地基整体的稳定性。S75. Implement the corresponding construction plan, monitor the foundation reinforcement effect, and evaluate the overall stability of the foundation after multiple reinforcements.

根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工系统,该系统包括:地质勘察与分析模块、材料选择与注浆孔布置模块、空洞监测与设备选择模块、注浆施工模块、浆液调节与监测模块、注浆效果评估模块及综合地基加固技术评估模块;According to another aspect of the present invention, a construction system for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section is also provided, the system comprising: a geological survey and analysis module, a material selection and grouting hole arrangement module, a cavity monitoring and equipment selection module, a grouting construction module, a slurry adjustment and monitoring module, a grouting effect evaluation module and a comprehensive foundation reinforcement technology evaluation module;

其中,所述地质勘察与分析模块,用于根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状;The geological survey and analysis module is used to analyze the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goafs according to the geological survey results, and obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goafs;

所述材料选择与注浆孔布置模块,用于根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;The material selection and grouting hole arrangement module is used to select grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf according to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, use professional drilling rigs to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf, and reinforce the openings of the grouting holes;

所述空洞监测与设备选择模块,用于采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备;The cavity monitoring and equipment selection module is used to use high-precision measurement equipment to monitor the cavity size of the goaf in real time and select grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials;

所述注浆施工模块,用于利用所述注浆设备进行分层立体交叉注浆,并使用注浆管道将浆液输送至注浆孔;The grouting construction module is used to perform layered three-dimensional cross grouting using the grouting equipment, and use the grouting pipeline to transport the slurry to the grouting hole;

所述浆液调节与监测模块,用于采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数;The slurry regulating and monitoring module is used to regulate the inlet and outlet of slurry by using valves, monitor the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation in real time, and adjust the grouting parameters;

所述注浆效果评估模块,用于采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,分析检测数据,评估加固效果;The grouting effect evaluation module is used to detect the grouting effect using geological radar, analyze the detection data, and evaluate the reinforcement effect;

所述综合地基加固技术评估模块,用于根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术。The comprehensive foundation reinforcement technology evaluation module is used to evaluate whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies based on the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions.

有益效果:Beneficial effects:

1、本发明根据不同层采空区的空洞大小、形状和岩土特性进行分析,选择适合的注浆材料和设备,使加固效果更为明显,通过实时监测地基内部潜在危险现象和采用地质雷达检测注浆效果,可以对施工过程进行动态调整,提高工程质量和安全性,采用地质雷达对地下结构进行检测,无需破坏地面或地基,可以在施工过程中准确评估加固效果,根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术,使得整个流程具有很强的适应性,可根据实际情况灵活调整,分层立体交叉注浆可使浆液充分填充空洞,减少浆液浪费,实时调整注浆参数可以避免不必要的加固过程,节约材料和人力资源,此施工方法可以有效地改善地基加固效果,提高工程质量和安全性。1. The present invention analyzes the size, shape and geotechnical characteristics of the voids in different layers of goaf, selects suitable grouting materials and equipment, and makes the reinforcement effect more obvious. By real-time monitoring of potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation and using geological radar to detect the grouting effect, the construction process can be dynamically adjusted to improve the quality and safety of the project. The underground structure is detected by geological radar without destroying the ground or the foundation. The reinforcement effect can be accurately evaluated during the construction process. According to the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions, it is evaluated whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies, so that the whole process has strong adaptability and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions. The layered three-dimensional cross grouting can make the slurry fully fill the void and reduce the waste of slurry. The real-time adjustment of the grouting parameters can avoid unnecessary reinforcement process and save materials and human resources. This construction method can effectively improve the foundation reinforcement effect and improve the quality and safety of the project.

2、本发明通过对不同层采空区的岩土特性、空洞大小和形状进行细致分析,选择合适的注浆材料和关键位置,提高了地基加固的针对性和效果,利用有限元分析建立地质模型,计算得出采空区的变形和应力分布情况,从而确定注浆孔的关键位置,使注浆孔布置更加精确合理,在注浆过程中,对孔口进行加固防止塌陷,确保施工安全,同时,在注浆过程中监控压力变化及周边环境,确保注浆效果和安全性,整个流程系统化、科学化,有助于准确、快速地制定注浆方案,提高施工效率。2. The present invention improves the pertinence and effect of foundation reinforcement by carefully analyzing the geotechnical characteristics, cavity size and shape of different layers of goaf, selecting appropriate grouting materials and key positions, and using finite element analysis to establish a geological model to calculate the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf, thereby determining the key positions of the grouting holes and making the grouting hole arrangement more accurate and reasonable. During the grouting process, the hole mouths are reinforced to prevent collapse to ensure construction safety. At the same time, the pressure changes and the surrounding environment are monitored during the grouting process to ensure the grouting effect and safety. The entire process is systematized and scientific, which helps to accurately and quickly formulate grouting plans and improve construction efficiency.

3、本发明高精度测量设备能够实时监测采空区的空洞大小,及时获取空洞尺寸、深度及形态信息,有助于及时发现潜在的安全隐患,通过对空洞大小的准确测量和土壤地质条件的分析,可以为选择合适的注浆材料和注浆设备提供依据,提高地基加固工程的精确性,数值模拟评估空洞稳定性,有助于识别空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域,从而优化注浆方案,降低安全风险,通过优化注浆方案和选择合适的注浆设备,可以提高注浆速度和效果,缩短工程时间,降低项目成本。3. The high-precision measuring equipment of the present invention can monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time, and obtain the size, depth and morphology information of the voids in time, which is helpful to timely discover potential safety hazards. Through accurate measurement of the void size and analysis of soil geological conditions, it can provide a basis for selecting suitable grouting materials and grouting equipment, improve the accuracy of foundation reinforcement projects, and evaluate the stability of the voids through numerical simulation, which is helpful to identify the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential unstable areas of the voids and their surrounding soils, thereby optimizing the grouting scheme and reducing safety risks. By optimizing the grouting scheme and selecting suitable grouting equipment, the grouting speed and effect can be improved, the engineering time can be shortened, and the project cost can be reduced.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

图1是根据本发明实施例中一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method for a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section according to an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中,为了避免与本发明发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described.

根据本发明的实施例,提供了一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法及系统。According to an embodiment of the present invention, a construction method and system for a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section are provided.

如图1所示,根据本发明实施例的高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,该施工方法包括以下步骤:As shown in FIG1 , a construction method for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

S1、根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状。S1. According to the geological survey results, the depth, scope and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goaf are analyzed to obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf.

优选地,所述根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状包括以下步骤:Preferably, the step of analyzing the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goaf areas according to geological survey results to obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf areas comprises the following steps:

S11、根据工程需求,设定采掘方案,包括采掘方法、进度安排以及施工资源分配等,在采空区段施工现场开展地质勘探工作,并收集采空区段施工现场的地质勘探数据,;S11. According to the project requirements, set up the mining plan, including mining methods, schedule arrangement and construction resource allocation, carry out geological exploration work at the construction site of the goaf section, and collect geological exploration data at the construction site of the goaf section;

S12、对所述地质勘察数据进行分析,得到采空区的基本情况,了解采空区的基本情况,如地层结构、岩土物理力学性质、地下水状况等;S12, analyzing the geological survey data to obtain the basic situation of the goaf, and understanding the basic situation of the goaf, such as stratum structure, rock and soil physical and mechanical properties, groundwater conditions, etc.;

S13、根据所述采空区的基本情况和所述采掘方案,识别出多层采空区的具体位置、深度和范围,并分析开采过程中造成的地基变形和稳定性问题,例如地面沉降、滑坡等;S13, according to the basic conditions of the goaf and the mining plan, identify the specific location, depth and range of the multi-layer goaf, and analyze the foundation deformation and stability problems caused by the mining process, such as ground subsidence, landslide, etc.;

S14、根据所述采空区的基本情况研究不同层采空区的岩土特性,对不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状进行计算,这有助于后续决策如何进行地基加固工作。S14. Based on the basic conditions of the goaf, the geotechnical characteristics of different layers of goaf are studied, and the sizes and shapes of the cavities in different layers of goaf are calculated, which will help in subsequent decision-making on how to carry out foundation reinforcement work.

具体的,研究不同层采空区的岩土特性和空洞大小、形状:针对不同层采空区的岩土特性,包括密实度、抗压强度、承载力等,结合地质勘察数据和采掘方案对空洞大小和形状进行计算,能够为采空区的地基加固提供重要参考依据,并有针对性地制定更为有效的地基处理措施。Specifically, the geotechnical characteristics, size and shape of voids in different layers of goaf are studied: Based on the geotechnical characteristics of different layers of goaf, including density, compressive strength, bearing capacity, etc., the size and shape of voids are calculated in combination with geological survey data and mining plans. This can provide an important reference basis for foundation reinforcement of goaf areas and formulate more effective foundation treatment measures in a targeted manner.

S2、根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固。S2. According to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, select grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf, use professional drilling rigs to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf, and reinforce the orifices of the grouting holes.

优选地,所述根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,并使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,加固孔口防止塌陷包括以下步骤:Preferably, the method of selecting grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf according to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, and using a professional drilling rig to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf to reinforce the orifices to prevent collapse includes the following steps:

S21、根据不同层采空区的岩土特性、空洞大小和形状选择合适的注浆材料,常见的注浆材料有水泥浆、化学浆(如聚氨酯、环氧树脂等)和膨胀型注浆材料等;S21. Select appropriate grouting materials according to the geotechnical characteristics, cavity size and shape of different layers of goaf. Common grouting materials include cement slurry, chemical slurry (such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, etc.) and expansion grouting materials;

S22、分析不同层采空区的结构特点,确定注浆孔的关键位置,包括可能出现塌陷的地段、空洞连通较为密集的区域以及易产生渗漏的部位;S22. Analyze the structural characteristics of goafs at different layers and determine the key locations of grouting holes, including areas where collapse may occur, areas with densely connected voids, and areas prone to leakage;

S23、使用专业钻机在关键位置钻设注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固,以防止因注浆过程中产生的压力导致孔口塌陷或破裂;S23, using a professional drilling rig to drill grouting holes at key locations, and reinforcing the openings of the grouting holes to prevent the openings from collapsing or rupturing due to pressure generated during the grouting process;

S24、依据注浆孔的关键位置的具体情况,制定注浆方案,包括注浆孔的数量、排列方式、孔深、孔径、孔间距等参数;S24. Formulate a grouting plan based on the specific conditions of the key positions of the grouting holes, including the number of grouting holes, arrangement, hole depth, hole diameter, hole spacing and other parameters;

S25、根据所述注浆方案,使用专业注浆设备对各个所述注浆孔进行注浆处理,在注浆过程中监控压力变化及周边环境,确保注浆效果和安全性。S25. According to the grouting scheme, use professional grouting equipment to perform grouting treatment on each of the grouting holes, monitor the pressure changes and the surrounding environment during the grouting process to ensure the grouting effect and safety.

优选地,所述分析不同层采空区的结构特点,确定注浆孔的关键位置包括以下步骤:Preferably, analyzing the structural characteristics of goafs at different layers and determining the key positions of grouting holes comprises the following steps:

S221、获取不同采空区的地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据;S221. Obtain geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data of different goaf areas;

S222、根据地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据确定不同采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性;S222. Determine the geometry, rock structure and material properties of different goafs based on geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data;

S223、按照不同采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性划分网格,并为网格中每个单元分配相应的材料属性;S223, dividing the grid according to the geometric shapes, rock structure and material properties of different goafs, and assigning corresponding material properties to each unit in the grid;

S224、设置边界条件和载荷,采用求解器,对有限元模型进行求解,得到采空区的变形和应力分布情况;S224, setting boundary conditions and loads, using a solver to solve the finite element model, and obtaining the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf;

S225、将所述采空区的变形和应力分布情况输入有限元分析模型,计算得出,出现塌陷、空洞连通密集和易产生渗漏的关键位置;S225, inputting the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf into a finite element analysis model, and calculating key locations where collapse occurs, where cavities are densely connected, and where leakage is likely to occur;

S226、根据计算结果和工程实际情况,对注浆孔的位置进行综合判断并确定注浆孔的关键位置。S226. Based on the calculation results and actual project conditions, make a comprehensive judgment on the location of the grouting holes and determine the key locations of the grouting holes.

具体的,通过收集地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据,分析采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性,并利用有限元分析模型计算出采空区的变形和应力分布情况。根据计算结果和工程实际情况,对注浆孔的位置进行综合判断,从而确定注浆孔的关键位置,提高地基加固的效果,降低工程风险,并确保工程安全。Specifically, by collecting geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data, analyzing the geometry of the goaf, rock structure and material properties, and using the finite element analysis model to calculate the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf. Based on the calculation results and the actual project situation, a comprehensive judgment is made on the location of the grouting holes, thereby determining the key location of the grouting holes, improving the effect of foundation reinforcement, reducing project risks, and ensuring project safety.

S3、采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备。S3. Use high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of voids in the goaf in real time, and select grouting equipment based on soil geological conditions and grouting materials.

优选地,所述采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备包括以下步骤:Preferably, the method of using high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time and selecting grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials includes the following steps:

S31、选用高精度测量设备(如微光学传感器、激光扫描仪或地质雷达等),对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测并获取空洞尺寸、深度及形态信息;S31. Use high-precision measuring equipment (such as micro-optical sensors, laser scanners or geological radars, etc.) to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time and obtain information on the size, depth and shape of the voids;

S32、根据监测数据分析空洞的稳定性、存在的风险以及周围土壤地质条件;S32. Analyze the stability of the cavity, the risks involved, and the surrounding soil geological conditions based on the monitoring data;

S33、采用数值模拟(如有限元分析、有限差分分析等)评估空洞稳定性;S33. Use numerical simulation (such as finite element analysis, finite difference analysis, etc.) to evaluate the stability of the cavity;

S34、根据土壤地质条件(如岩性、密实度、孔隙率等)和空洞特点(如大小、形状、深度等),选择合适的注浆材料;S34. Select appropriate grouting materials according to soil geological conditions (such as lithology, density, porosity, etc.) and cavity characteristics (such as size, shape, depth, etc.);

S35、综合考虑土壤地质条件、空洞特征和注浆材料的性能,并以施工项目综合耗损值最低为优化目标建立设备选型优化模型(如钻孔注浆机、压力注浆机或抽真空注浆机等),得到施工项目中各施工工序的优选注浆设备;S35. Comprehensively consider the soil geological conditions, cavity characteristics and performance of grouting materials, and establish an equipment selection optimization model (such as drilling grouting machine, pressure grouting machine or vacuum grouting machine, etc.) with the lowest comprehensive loss value of the construction project as the optimization goal, and obtain the optimal grouting equipment for each construction process in the construction project;

S36、根据空洞的具体情况(如位置、大小、形状等)和注浆方案,部署优选注浆设备并进行施工,监测注浆效果,确保采空区的稳定性和安全。S36. Based on the specific conditions of the cavity (such as location, size, shape, etc.) and the grouting plan, deploy the optimal grouting equipment and carry out construction, monitor the grouting effect, and ensure the stability and safety of the goaf.

优选地,所述采用数值模拟模型评估空洞稳定性包括以下步骤:Preferably, the method of evaluating the cavity stability using a numerical simulation model comprises the following steps:

S331、根据所述采空区地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据,创建空洞三维几何模型;S331, creating a three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity based on the geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data of the goaf area;

S332、根据所述空洞三维几何模型,结合周围土壤地质条件,利用数值模拟法对空洞及其周边土壤进行力学分析,得到空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域;S332, based on the three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity and in combination with the surrounding soil geological conditions, a numerical simulation method is used to perform mechanical analysis on the cavity and its surrounding soil to obtain stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential instability areas of the cavity and its surrounding soil;

S334、根据空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域判断空洞是否具有稳定性风险,若存在稳定性风险,则进一步优化注浆方案;S334. Determine whether the cavity has stability risk based on the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential instability area of the cavity and its surrounding soil. If there is stability risk, further optimize the grouting scheme;

S335、依据空洞稳定性分析和优化后注浆方案,重新评估空洞稳定性;S335. Re-evaluate the cavity stability based on the cavity stability analysis and optimized grouting scheme;

S336、重复执行S331-S335,直到最终生成满足施工要求的注浆方案并保证空洞的稳定。S336. Repeat S331-S335 until a grouting scheme that meets the construction requirements and ensures the stability of the cavity is finally generated.

优选地,所述设备选型优化模型的公式如下:Preferably, the formula of the equipment selection optimization model is as follows:

K(x)=λ1A(x)+λ2B(x),λ1+λ2=1K(x)=λ1A(x)+λ2B(x), λ1+λ2=1

式中,K(x)为项目综合耗损值;In the formula, K(x) is the comprehensive loss value of the project;

x为施工项目的名称;x is the name of the construction project;

A(x)为施工项目的成本;A(x) is the cost of the construction project;

B(x)为施工项目的工期;B(x) is the duration of the construction project;

λ1和λ2分别为施工项目的成本和施工项目的工期的权重。 λ1 and λ2 are the weights of the cost and duration of the construction project respectively.

具体的,数值模拟模型评估空洞稳定性的步骤包括了创建空洞三维几何模型、利用数值模拟法进行力学分析、判断空洞稳定性风险、优化注浆方案及重新评估空洞稳定性等。这些步骤有助于更好地理解空洞稳定性评估过程中的关键因素,从而制定出满足施工要求的注浆方案。Specifically, the steps of evaluating the void stability using the numerical simulation model include creating a 3D void geometry model, using numerical simulation to perform mechanical analysis, determining the void stability risk, optimizing the grouting scheme, and re-evaluating the void stability. These steps help to better understand the key factors in the void stability assessment process, so as to develop a grouting scheme that meets the construction requirements.

S4、利用所述注浆设备进行分层立体交叉注浆,并使用注浆管道将浆液输送至注浆孔。S4, using the grouting equipment to perform layered three-dimensional cross grouting, and using a grouting pipe to transport the slurry to the grouting holes.

具体的,具体施工实例之一如下:Specifically, one of the specific construction examples is as follows:

采空区存在一个长100米、宽30米、高10米的矩形空洞,需对其进行地基加固。为了提高注浆效果与工程质量,现采用分层立体交叉注浆法。以下是相关内容解释及具体施工参数设置。There is a rectangular cavity with a length of 100 meters, a width of 30 meters and a height of 10 meters in the goaf, which needs to be reinforced. In order to improve the grouting effect and engineering quality, the layered three-dimensional cross grouting method is now adopted. The following is an explanation of the relevant content and the specific construction parameter settings.

首先,在空洞周边设置一定数量的注浆孔,将空洞划分为若干个立体网格。如沿空洞长和宽方向每隔5米设置注浆孔,孔口直径设为75毫米。First, a certain number of grouting holes are set around the cavity to divide the cavity into several three-dimensional grids. For example, grouting holes are set every 5 meters along the length and width of the cavity, and the hole diameter is set to 75 mm.

根据土壤地质条件(如岩性、密实度、孔隙率等)和空洞特点(如大小、形状、深度等),选择合适的注浆材料。例如,在此实施例中,可以选用水泥-粘土混合浆作为注浆材料。According to the soil geological conditions (such as lithology, density, porosity, etc.) and the characteristics of the cavity (such as size, shape, depth, etc.), a suitable grouting material is selected. For example, in this embodiment, cement-clay mixed slurry can be selected as the grouting material.

使用数值模拟方法生成优化方案,调整注浆孔深度、排布方式等参数,并选择适当的注浆设备。在本实施例中,可选用压力注浆机作为注浆设备。Use numerical simulation method to generate optimization scheme, adjust parameters such as grouting hole depth and arrangement mode, and select appropriate grouting equipment. In this embodiment, pressure grouting machine can be selected as grouting equipment.

依次按照分层立体交叉注浆法开始注浆,将浆液通过注浆管道输送至注浆孔。具体注浆顺序可为:从空洞底部开始,每层分别沿长方向交叉注浆,然后沿宽方向交叉注浆。例如,先将第一层长方向的注浆孔完成注浆,然后进行该层宽方向的注浆孔。完成一层后,再进行上一层的注浆工作。Grouting is started in accordance with the layered three-dimensional cross grouting method, and the slurry is transported to the grouting holes through the grouting pipe. The specific grouting sequence can be: starting from the bottom of the cavity, cross grouting each layer along the length direction, and then cross grouting along the width direction. For example, the grouting holes in the length direction of the first layer are first grouted, and then the grouting holes in the width direction of the layer are carried out. After completing one layer, the grouting work of the previous layer is carried out.

每次注浆时应按照设计流量和压力进行注浆,以确保浆液充分填充空洞内各个部位。在本实施例中,可以设置注浆流量为10立方米/小时,压力为1.0MPa。Grouting should be performed according to the designed flow rate and pressure each time to ensure that the slurry fully fills each part in the cavity. In this embodiment, the grouting flow rate can be set to 10 cubic meters per hour and the pressure to 1.0 MPa.

随着注浆过程的进行,实时监测注浆效果,如浆液泄露、土壤变形等情况。发现问题后,及时调整注浆参数或方案,以确保空洞稳定性和安全。As the grouting process progresses, the grouting effect is monitored in real time, such as slurry leakage, soil deformation, etc. When problems are found, the grouting parameters or plans are adjusted in time to ensure the stability and safety of the cavity.

S5、采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数。S5. Use valves to regulate the flow of slurry in and out, monitor potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation in real time, and adjust grouting parameters.

优选地,所述采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数包括以下步骤:Preferably, the method of using a valve to adjust the inflow and outflow of slurry, real-time monitoring of potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation, and adjusting grouting parameters includes the following steps:

S51、利用物联网传感器技术收集注浆过程中的施工参数数据(如压力、流速等);S51. Use IoT sensor technology to collect construction parameter data (such as pressure, flow rate, etc.) during the grouting process;

S52、利用所述空洞三维几何模型和所述数值模拟法对实时施工参数数据进行分析,评估地基内部存在的潜在危险现象(如孔隙过大、渗水等);S52, using the three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity and the numerical simulation method to analyze the real-time construction parameter data, and evaluate the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation (such as excessive pores, water seepage, etc.);

S53、根据分析结果,调整阀门以控制浆液的进出,并相应调整注浆参数,确保地基加固效果。S53. According to the analysis results, adjust the valve to control the inflow and outflow of slurry, and adjust the grouting parameters accordingly to ensure the foundation reinforcement effect.

具体的,物联网传感器技术在注浆过程中的应用,可以实现以下功能:实时监测注浆过程中的施工参数数据,并通过无线通信传输至监控中心。这有助于及时发现潜在问题,避免工程事故。通过对收集到的数据进行分析和处理,可以更好地评估地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,为后续调整注浆参数提供依据。在分析结果的基础上,利用阀门控制浆液进出以及调整注浆参数,确保地基加固效果,提高工程质量。Specifically, the application of IoT sensor technology in the grouting process can achieve the following functions: real-time monitoring of construction parameter data during the grouting process, and transmission to the monitoring center via wireless communication. This helps to detect potential problems in a timely manner and avoid engineering accidents. By analyzing and processing the collected data, the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation can be better evaluated, providing a basis for subsequent adjustment of grouting parameters. Based on the analysis results, valves are used to control the inlet and outlet of slurry and adjust the grouting parameters to ensure the foundation reinforcement effect and improve the quality of the project.

S6、采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,分析检测数据,评估加固效果。S6. Use geological radar to detect the grouting effect, analyze the test data, and evaluate the reinforcement effect.

具体的,地质雷达通过发射高频电磁波,当电磁波遇到地下不同介质时,部分电磁波会被反射回接收天线。根据反射信号的时间延迟和振幅变化,可以推断出地下结构的形态、深度和材料属性。通过使用地质雷达在注浆前后进行地下探测,可以了解注浆前的空洞分布和形态,以及注浆后浆液填充情况和加固效果。将两次探测结果进行对比分析,有助于评估整个加固过程的效果。地质雷达采集的原始数据需要经过专业软件进行处理和分析。处理后的雷达剖面图可以显示地下结构的纵向分布和深度信息。通过对比注浆前后的雷达剖面图,可以观察到空洞是否被充分填充,以及浆液是否渗入周边土体等情况。根据雷达剖面图分析结果,可以得出注浆工程的加固效果。例如,如果雷达剖面图显示空洞已被充分填充,并且浆液与周边土体形成良好的结合,说明加固效果显著。反之,则需要考虑调整注浆参数或方法,以提高加固效果。Specifically, geological radar emits high-frequency electromagnetic waves. When the electromagnetic waves encounter different underground media, part of the electromagnetic waves will be reflected back to the receiving antenna. According to the time delay and amplitude change of the reflected signal, the morphology, depth and material properties of the underground structure can be inferred. By using geological radar to conduct underground detection before and after grouting, we can understand the distribution and morphology of the voids before grouting, as well as the slurry filling and reinforcement effect after grouting. Comparative analysis of the two detection results will help evaluate the effect of the entire reinforcement process. The raw data collected by the geological radar needs to be processed and analyzed by professional software. The processed radar profile can show the longitudinal distribution and depth information of the underground structure. By comparing the radar profiles before and after grouting, we can observe whether the voids are fully filled and whether the slurry has penetrated into the surrounding soil. According to the analysis results of the radar profile, the reinforcement effect of the grouting project can be obtained. For example, if the radar profile shows that the voids have been fully filled and the slurry forms a good combination with the surrounding soil, it means that the reinforcement effect is significant. On the contrary, it is necessary to consider adjusting the grouting parameters or methods to improve the reinforcement effect.

S7、根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术。S7. Based on the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions, evaluate whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies.

优选地,所述根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术,以提高多层采空区地基的整体稳定包括以下步骤:Preferably, the step of evaluating whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies to improve the overall stability of the multi-layer goaf foundation according to the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions includes the following steps:

S71、对比注浆加固前后的空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域的特征变化,评价注浆加固效果;S71. Compare the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and characteristic changes of the potential unstable area of the cavity and its surrounding soil before and after grouting reinforcement to evaluate the grouting reinforcement effect;

S72、根据采空区地质条件(如岩土特性、土层厚度等)和施工环境(如交通荷载、地下水位等),分析地基稳定性是否满足工程要求;S72. Analyze whether the foundation stability meets the engineering requirements based on the geological conditions of the goaf (such as rock and soil characteristics, soil thickness, etc.) and the construction environment (such as traffic load, groundwater level, etc.);

S73、若注浆加固效果不理想或地基稳定性仍不满足工程要求,则考虑采用其他地基加固技术;S73. If the grouting reinforcement effect is not ideal or the foundation stability still does not meet the engineering requirements, consider using other foundation reinforcement technologies;

S74、根据具体情况,选择适合的地基加固技术并制定相应的施工方案;S74. Select appropriate foundation reinforcement technology and formulate corresponding construction plan according to specific conditions;

S75、实施所述制定相应的施工方案,并监测地基加固效果,评估多次加固后地基整体的稳定性。S75. Implement the corresponding construction plan, monitor the foundation reinforcement effect, and evaluate the overall stability of the foundation after multiple reinforcements.

为了便于本领域技术人员更好的理解,本申请相关实施例,现对本申请可能涉及的技术术语或者部分名词进行解释:In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms or some nouns that may be involved in the present application are now explained:

离散元模型:是一种基于颗粒间相互作用力学原理的计算模型,它将颗粒看作离散的刚体,并通过分析颗粒之间的相互作用力来求解颗粒的运动状态。该模型适用于描述固体颗粒在复杂形状和结构下的运动和变形行为。离散元模型通过建立颗粒之间的接触模型和相互作用力模型来描述颗粒之间的相互作用,并通过数值方法求解颗粒间的相对运动和变形过程。Discrete element model: a computational model based on the mechanical principle of particle interaction. It regards particles as discrete rigid bodies and solves the motion state of particles by analyzing the interaction forces between particles. This model is suitable for describing the motion and deformation behavior of solid particles under complex shapes and structures. The discrete element model describes the interaction between particles by establishing a contact model and an interaction force model between particles, and solves the relative motion and deformation process between particles through numerical methods.

采空区的变形和应力分布情况的解释说明:采空区是指在地下采矿过程中,矿体被抽取后留下的空洞或缝隙。由于矿体的移除,周围的岩石受到了巨大的压力释放,导致采空区周围的岩石发生了变形。采空区周围的岩石通常会发生不同程度的开裂、变形和塌陷等现象。具体的变形情况和应力分布情况取决于采空区的大小、形状、深度、岩石类型及其物理力学性质等因素。一般来说,采空区周围的变形主要包括以下几种:塌陷:当采空区较浅时,周围的岩石可能会出现局部或全面的塌陷,造成地表沉降和坑洞等问题;开裂:采空区周围的岩石受到巨大的应力释放,可能会出现开裂现象,这些裂缝可能会扩大并导致矿山工作面的失稳;滑动:当采空区较大时,岩石可能会在重力作用下滑动,导致岩层位移和断层形成。采空区周围的应力分布情况也取决于上述因素。一般来说,采空区周围的岩石受到的应力主要包括垂直应力和水平应力。垂直应力主要来自于地表重力和采空区上方未被采掘的岩石的压力;水平应力主要来自于岩层的挤压和采空区周围的岩石的侧向挤压。这些应力会影响周围岩石的变形和失稳情况。Explanation of deformation and stress distribution in goaf: Goaf refers to the cavity or gap left after the ore body is extracted during underground mining. Due to the removal of the ore body, the surrounding rocks are subjected to huge pressure release, resulting in deformation of the rocks around the goaf. The rocks around the goaf usually experience different degrees of cracking, deformation and collapse. The specific deformation and stress distribution depend on factors such as the size, shape, depth, rock type and its physical and mechanical properties of the goaf. Generally speaking, the deformation around the goaf mainly includes the following: Collapse: When the goaf is shallow, the surrounding rocks may experience partial or comprehensive collapse, causing problems such as surface subsidence and pits; Cracking: The rocks around the goaf are subjected to huge stress release, and cracking may occur. These cracks may expand and cause instability of the mine working face; Sliding: When the goaf is large, the rocks may slide under the action of gravity, resulting in rock displacement and fault formation. The stress distribution around the goaf also depends on the above factors. Generally speaking, the stresses on the rocks around the goaf mainly include vertical stress and horizontal stress. Vertical stress mainly comes from surface gravity and the pressure of unmined rocks above the goaf; horizontal stress mainly comes from the compression of rock strata and the lateral compression of rocks around the goaf. These stresses will affect the deformation and instability of the surrounding rocks.

地质雷达,又称为地质探测雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar,GPR),是一种无损检测技术,能够实时、快速地探测地下结构和特征。采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,可以在不破坏地基的情况下,对地下空洞填充及加固效果进行评估。Geological radar, also known as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), is a non-destructive testing technology that can detect underground structures and features in real time and quickly. Using geological radar to detect the grouting effect can evaluate the filling and reinforcement effect of underground voids without destroying the foundation.

根据本发明的另一个实施例,还提供了一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工系统,该系统包括:地质勘察与分析模块、材料选择与注浆孔布置模块、空洞监测与设备选择模块、注浆施工模块、浆液调节与监测模块、注浆效果评估模块及综合地基加固技术评估模块;According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a construction system for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section, the system comprising: a geological survey and analysis module, a material selection and grouting hole arrangement module, a cavity monitoring and equipment selection module, a grouting construction module, a slurry adjustment and monitoring module, a grouting effect evaluation module and a comprehensive foundation reinforcement technology evaluation module;

其中,所述地质勘察与分析模块,用于根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状;The geological survey and analysis module is used to analyze the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goafs according to the geological survey results, and obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goafs;

所述材料选择与注浆孔布置模块,用于根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;The material selection and grouting hole arrangement module is used to select grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf according to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, use professional drilling rigs to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf, and reinforce the openings of the grouting holes;

所述空洞监测与设备选择模块,用于采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备;The cavity monitoring and equipment selection module is used to use high-precision measurement equipment to monitor the cavity size of the goaf in real time and select grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials;

所述注浆施工模块,用于利用所述注浆设备进行分层立体交叉注浆,并使用注浆管道将浆液输送至注浆孔;The grouting construction module is used to perform layered three-dimensional cross grouting using the grouting equipment, and use the grouting pipeline to transport the slurry to the grouting hole;

所述浆液调节与监测模块,用于采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数;The slurry regulating and monitoring module is used to regulate the inlet and outlet of slurry by using valves, monitor the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation in real time, and adjust the grouting parameters;

所述注浆效果评估模块,用于采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,分析检测数据,评估加固效果;The grouting effect evaluation module is used to detect the grouting effect using geological radar, analyze the detection data, and evaluate the reinforcement effect;

所述综合地基加固技术评估模块,用于根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术。The comprehensive foundation reinforcement technology evaluation module is used to evaluate whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies based on the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions.

综上所述,借助于本发明的上述技术方案,本发明根据不同层采空区的空洞大小、形状和岩土特性进行分析,选择适合的注浆材料和设备,使加固效果更为明显,通过实时监测地基内部潜在危险现象和采用地质雷达检测注浆效果,可以对施工过程进行动态调整,提高工程质量和安全性,采用地质雷达对地下结构进行检测,无需破坏地面或地基,可以在施工过程中准确评估加固效果,根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术,使得整个流程具有很强的适应性,可根据实际情况灵活调整,分层立体交叉注浆可使浆液充分填充空洞,减少浆液浪费,实时调整注浆参数可以避免不必要的加固过程,节约材料和人力资源,此施工方法可以有效地改善地基加固效果,提高工程质量和安全性;本发明通过对不同层采空区的岩土特性、空洞大小和形状进行细致分析,选择合适的注浆材料和关键位置,提高了地基加固的针对性和效果,利用有限元分析建立地质模型,计算得出采空区的变形和应力分布情况,从而确定注浆孔的关键位置,使注浆孔布置更加精确合理,在注浆过程中,对孔口进行加固防止塌陷,确保施工安全,同时,在注浆过程中监控压力变化及周边环境,确保注浆效果和安全性,整个流程系统化、科学化,有助于准确、快速地制定注浆方案,提高施工效率;本发明高精度测量设备能够实时监测采空区的空洞大小,及时获取空洞尺寸、深度及形态信息,有助于及时发现潜在的安全隐患,通过对空洞大小的准确测量和土壤地质条件的分析,可以为选择合适的注浆材料和注浆设备提供依据,提高地基加固工程的精确性,数值模拟评估空洞稳定性,有助于识别空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域,从而优化注浆方案,降低安全风险,通过优化注浆方案和选择合适的注浆设备,可以提高注浆速度和效果,缩短工程时间,降低项目成本。In summary, with the help of the above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention analyzes the size, shape and geotechnical characteristics of the voids in different layers of goaf, selects suitable grouting materials and equipment, and makes the reinforcement effect more obvious. By real-time monitoring of potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation and using geological radar to detect the grouting effect, the construction process can be dynamically adjusted to improve the quality and safety of the project. The underground structure is detected by geological radar without destroying the ground or the foundation. The reinforcement effect can be accurately evaluated during the construction process. According to the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions, it is evaluated whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies, so that the whole process has strong adaptability and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions. Layered three-dimensional cross grouting can make the slurry fully fill the voids and reduce the waste of slurry. Real-time adjustment of grouting parameters can avoid unnecessary reinforcement processes and save materials and human resources. This construction method can effectively improve the foundation reinforcement effect and improve the quality and safety of the project. The present invention improves the pertinence and safety of foundation reinforcement by carefully analyzing the geotechnical characteristics, void size and shape of goafs in different layers, selecting suitable grouting materials and key positions. The finite element analysis is used to establish a geological model, and the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf are calculated, so as to determine the key position of the grouting hole, so that the grouting hole arrangement is more accurate and reasonable. During the grouting process, the hole mouth is reinforced to prevent collapse to ensure construction safety. At the same time, the pressure change and the surrounding environment are monitored during the grouting process to ensure the grouting effect and safety. The whole process is systematized and scientific, which is helpful to accurately and quickly formulate grouting plans and improve construction efficiency. The high-precision measuring equipment of the present invention can monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time, and obtain the size, depth and morphology of the voids in time, which is helpful to timely discover potential safety hazards. Through accurate measurement of the void size and analysis of soil geological conditions, it can provide a basis for selecting suitable grouting materials and grouting equipment, improve the accuracy of foundation reinforcement projects, and evaluate the stability of the voids by numerical simulation, which is helpful to identify the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential unstable areas of the voids and their surrounding soils, so as to optimize the grouting plan and reduce safety risks. By optimizing the grouting plan and selecting suitable grouting equipment, the grouting speed and effect can be improved, the engineering time can be shortened, and the project cost can be reduced.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,其特征在于,该施工方法包括以下步骤:1. A construction method for a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section, characterized in that the construction method comprises the following steps: S1、根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状;S1. According to the geological survey results, the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goaf are analyzed to obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf; S2、根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;S2. According to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, select grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf, use professional drilling rigs to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf, and reinforce the openings of the grouting holes; S3、采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备;S3. Use high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time, and select grouting equipment based on soil geological conditions and grouting materials; S4、利用所述注浆设备进行分层立体交叉注浆,并使用注浆管道将浆液输送至注浆孔;S4, using the grouting equipment to perform layered three-dimensional cross grouting, and using a grouting pipeline to transport the slurry to the grouting hole; S5、采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数;S5. Use valves to adjust the inflow and outflow of slurry, monitor the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation in real time, and adjust the grouting parameters; S6、采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,分析检测数据,评估加固效果;S6. Use geological radar to detect the grouting effect, analyze the test data, and evaluate the reinforcement effect; S7、根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术;S7. Based on the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions, evaluate whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies; 所述根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状包括以下步骤:The analysis of the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goaf areas according to the geological survey results to obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf areas includes the following steps: S11、根据工程需求,设定采掘方案,并收集采空区段施工现场的地质勘察数据;S11. Set up the mining plan according to the project requirements and collect geological survey data of the construction site of the goaf section; S12、对所述地质勘察数据进行分析,得到采空区的基本情况;S12, analyzing the geological survey data to obtain basic information of the goaf; S13、根据所述采空区的基本情况和所述采掘方案,识别出多层采空区的具体位置、深度和范围,并分析开采过程中造成的地基变形和稳定性问题;S13, according to the basic situation of the goaf and the mining plan, identify the specific location, depth and range of the multi-layer goaf, and analyze the foundation deformation and stability problems caused by the mining process; S14、根据所述采空区的基本情况研究不同层采空区的岩土特性,对不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状进行计算;S14, studying the geotechnical characteristics of different layers of goaf according to the basic conditions of the goaf, and calculating the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf; 所述根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,并使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,加固孔口防止塌陷包括以下步骤:The method of selecting grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf according to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, and using a professional drilling rig to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf to reinforce the orifices to prevent collapse includes the following steps: S21、根据不同层采空区的岩土特性、空洞大小和形状选择合适的注浆材料;S21. Select appropriate grouting materials according to the geotechnical characteristics, cavity size and shape of different layers of goaf; S22、分析不同层采空区的结构特点,确定注浆孔的关键位置;S22. Analyze the structural characteristics of goafs at different layers and determine the key locations of grouting holes; S23、使用专业钻机在关键位置钻设注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;S23, using a professional drilling rig to drill grouting holes at key locations, and reinforcing the openings of the grouting holes; S24、依据注浆孔的关键位置的具体情况,制定注浆方案;S24. Formulate a grouting plan based on the specific conditions of the key locations of the grouting holes; S25、根据所述注浆方案,使用专业注浆设备对各个所述注浆孔进行注浆处理;S25, according to the grouting scheme, using professional grouting equipment to perform grouting treatment on each of the grouting holes; 所述分析不同层采空区的结构特点,确定注浆孔的关键位置包括以下步骤:Analyzing the structural characteristics of goafs at different layers and determining the key positions of grouting holes comprises the following steps: S221、获取不同采空区的地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据;S221. Obtain geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data of different goaf areas; S222、根据地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据确定不同采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性;S222. Determine the geometry, rock structure and material properties of different goafs based on geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data; S223、按照不同采空区的几何形状、岩层结构和物料特性划分网格,并为网格中每个单元分配相应的材料属性;S223, dividing the grid according to the geometric shapes, rock structure and material properties of different goafs, and assigning corresponding material properties to each unit in the grid; S224、设置边界条件和载荷,采用求解器,对有限元模型进行求解,得到采空区的变形和应力分布情况;S224, setting boundary conditions and loads, using a solver to solve the finite element model, and obtaining the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf; S225、将所述采空区的变形和应力分布情况输入有限元模型,计算得出,出现塌陷、空洞连通密集和易产生渗漏的关键位置;S225, inputting the deformation and stress distribution of the goaf into a finite element model, and calculating key locations where collapse occurs, where cavities are densely connected, and where leakage is likely to occur; S226、根据计算结果和工程实际情况,对注浆孔的位置进行综合判断并确定注浆孔的关键位置;S226. Based on the calculation results and the actual project situation, comprehensively judge the positions of the grouting holes and determine the key positions of the grouting holes; 所述采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备包括以下步骤:The method of using high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time and selecting grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials includes the following steps: S31、选用高精度测量设备,对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测并获取空洞尺寸、深度及形态信息;S31. Use high-precision measuring equipment to monitor the size of the voids in the goaf in real time and obtain information on the size, depth and shape of the voids; S32、根据监测数据分析空洞的稳定性、存在的风险以及周围土壤地质条件;S32. Analyze the stability of the cavity, the risks involved, and the surrounding soil geological conditions based on the monitoring data; S33、采用数值模拟法评估空洞稳定性;S33, using numerical simulation method to evaluate the stability of voids; S34、根据土壤地质条件和空洞特点,选择合适的注浆材料;S34. Select appropriate grouting materials according to soil geological conditions and cavity characteristics; S35、综合考虑土壤地质条件、空洞特征和注浆材料的性能,并以施工项目综合耗损值最低为优化目标建立设备选型优化模型,得到施工项目中各施工工序的优选注浆设备;S35. Comprehensively consider the soil geological conditions, cavity characteristics and performance of grouting materials, and establish an equipment selection optimization model with the lowest comprehensive loss value of the construction project as the optimization goal, so as to obtain the optimal grouting equipment for each construction process in the construction project; S36、根据空洞的具体情况和注浆方案,部署优选注浆设备并进行施工,监测注浆效果,确保采空区的稳定性和安全。S36. According to the specific conditions of the cavity and the grouting plan, deploy the optimal grouting equipment and carry out construction, monitor the grouting effect, and ensure the stability and safety of the goaf. 2.根据权利要求1所述的高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,其特征在于,所述采用数值模拟法评估空洞稳定性包括以下步骤:2. The construction method of a highway passing through a coal seam goaf section according to claim 1 is characterized in that the use of a numerical simulation method to evaluate the stability of the cavity comprises the following steps: S331、根据所述采空区地质勘察数据、开采历史及监测数据,创建空洞三维几何模型;S331, creating a three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity based on the geological survey data, mining history and monitoring data of the goaf area; S332、根据所述空洞三维几何模型,结合周围土壤地质条件,利用数值模拟法对空洞及其周边土壤进行力学分析,得到空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域;S332, based on the three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity and in combination with the surrounding soil geological conditions, a numerical simulation method is used to perform mechanical analysis on the cavity and its surrounding soil to obtain stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential instability areas of the cavity and its surrounding soil; S334、根据空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域判断空洞是否具有稳定性风险,若存在稳定性风险,则进一步优化注浆方案;S334. Determine whether the cavity has stability risk based on the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and potential instability area of the cavity and its surrounding soil. If there is stability risk, further optimize the grouting scheme; S335、依据空洞稳定性分析和优化后注浆方案,重新评估空洞稳定性;S335. Re-evaluate the cavity stability based on the cavity stability analysis and optimized grouting scheme; S336、重复执行S331-S335,直到最终生成满足施工要求的注浆方案并保证空洞的稳定。S336. Repeat S331-S335 until a grouting scheme that meets the construction requirements and ensures the stability of the cavity is finally generated. 3.根据权利要求1所述的高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,其特征在于,所述设备选型优化模型的公式如下:3. The construction method for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section according to claim 1, characterized in that the formula of the equipment selection optimization model is as follows: ; 式中,为项目综合耗损值;In the formula, is the comprehensive loss value of the project; 为施工项目的名称; is the name of the construction project; 为施工项目的成本; The cost of the construction project; 为施工项目的工期; The duration of the construction project; 分别为施工项目的成本和施工项目的工期的权重。 and are the weights of the construction project cost and the construction project duration respectively. 4.根据权利要求2所述的高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,其特征在于,所述采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数包括以下步骤:4. The construction method of a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section according to claim 2 is characterized in that the use of a valve to adjust the inlet and outlet of the slurry, real-time monitoring of potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation, and adjustment of the grouting parameters include the following steps: S51、利用物联网传感器技术收集注浆过程中的施工参数数据;S51. Use IoT sensor technology to collect construction parameter data during grouting; S52、利用所述空洞三维几何模型和所述数值模拟法对实时施工参数数据进行分析,评估地基内部存在的潜在危险现象;S52, using the three-dimensional geometric model of the cavity and the numerical simulation method to analyze the real-time construction parameter data to evaluate the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation; S53、根据分析结果,调整阀门以控制浆液的进出,并相应调整注浆参数,确保地基加固效果。S53. According to the analysis results, adjust the valve to control the inflow and outflow of slurry, and adjust the grouting parameters accordingly to ensure the foundation reinforcement effect. 5.根据权利要求1所述的高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,其特征在于,所述根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术,以提高多层采空区地基的整体稳定包括以下步骤:5. The construction method of a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section according to claim 1 is characterized in that the step of evaluating whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies to improve the overall stability of the multi-layer goaf area foundation according to the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions comprises the following steps: S71、对比注浆加固前后的空洞及其周边土壤的应力分布、变形特征及潜在失稳区域的特征变化,评价注浆加固效果;S71. Compare the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and characteristic changes of the potential unstable area of the cavity and its surrounding soil before and after grouting reinforcement to evaluate the grouting reinforcement effect; S72、根据采空区地质条件和施工环境,分析地基稳定性是否满足工程要求;S72. Analyze whether the foundation stability meets the engineering requirements based on the geological conditions of the goaf and the construction environment; S73、若注浆加固效果不理想或地基稳定性仍不满足工程要求,则考虑采用其他地基加固技术;S73. If the grouting reinforcement effect is not ideal or the foundation stability still does not meet the engineering requirements, consider using other foundation reinforcement technologies; S74、根据具体情况,选择适合的地基加固技术并制定相应的施工方案;S74. Select appropriate foundation reinforcement technology and formulate corresponding construction plan according to specific conditions; S75、实施所述制定相应的施工方案,并监测地基加固效果,评估多次加固后地基整体的稳定性。S75. Implement the corresponding construction plan, monitor the foundation reinforcement effect, and evaluate the overall stability of the foundation after multiple reinforcements. 6.一种高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工系统,用于实现上述权利要求1-5中任一项所述的高速公路穿越煤层采空区段施工方法,其特征在于,该系统包括:地质勘察与分析模块、材料选择与注浆孔布置模块、空洞监测与设备选择模块、注浆施工模块、浆液调节与监测模块、注浆效果评估模块及综合地基加固技术评估模块;6. A construction system for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section, used to implement the construction method for a highway crossing a coal seam goaf section as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the system comprises: a geological survey and analysis module, a material selection and grouting hole arrangement module, a cavity monitoring and equipment selection module, a grouting construction module, a slurry adjustment and monitoring module, a grouting effect evaluation module and a comprehensive foundation reinforcement technology evaluation module; 其中,所述地质勘察与分析模块,用于根据地质勘察结果,分析多层采空区的深度、范围及岩土特性,得到不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状;The geological survey and analysis module is used to analyze the depth, range and geotechnical characteristics of multi-layer goafs according to the geological survey results, and obtain the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goafs; 所述材料选择与注浆孔布置模块,用于根据不同层采空区的空洞大小和形状,选择适用于采空区条件的注浆材料,使用专业钻机在不同层采空区的关键位置设立注浆孔,并对所述注浆孔的孔口进行加固;The material selection and grouting hole arrangement module is used to select grouting materials suitable for the conditions of the goaf according to the size and shape of the cavities in different layers of goaf, use professional drilling rigs to set up grouting holes at key locations in different layers of goaf, and reinforce the openings of the grouting holes; 所述空洞监测与设备选择模块,用于采用高精度测量设备对采空区的空洞大小进行实时监测,并根据土壤地质条件和注浆材料选择注浆设备;The cavity monitoring and equipment selection module is used to use high-precision measurement equipment to monitor the cavity size of the goaf in real time and select grouting equipment according to soil geological conditions and grouting materials; 所述注浆施工模块,用于利用所述注浆设备进行分层立体交叉注浆,并使用注浆管道将浆液输送至注浆孔;The grouting construction module is used to perform layered three-dimensional cross grouting using the grouting equipment, and use the grouting pipeline to transport the slurry to the grouting hole; 所述浆液调节与监测模块,用于采用阀门调节浆液的进出,实时监测地基内部存在的潜在危险现象,并调整注浆参数;The slurry regulating and monitoring module is used to regulate the inlet and outlet of slurry by using valves, monitor the potential dangerous phenomena inside the foundation in real time, and adjust the grouting parameters; 所述注浆效果评估模块,用于采用地质雷达对注浆效果进行检测,分析检测数据,评估加固效果;The grouting effect evaluation module is used to detect the grouting effect using geological radar, analyze the detection data, and evaluate the reinforcement effect; 所述综合地基加固技术评估模块,用于根据注浆加固结果和地质条件,评估是否需要结合其他地基加固技术。The comprehensive foundation reinforcement technology evaluation module is used to evaluate whether it is necessary to combine other foundation reinforcement technologies based on the grouting reinforcement results and geological conditions.
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