CN117099617B - Method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area - Google Patents
Method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
一种北方农牧交错区高效建植羊草人工草地的方法，包括以下步骤：1）播种：播种前，精细整地，施肥，深耕翻，于6月中下旬选择荞麦种子35‑40kg/hm2、羊草种子37.5‑45kg/hm2进行混播条播；播种后，进入雨季，荞麦优先出苗，较快覆盖地面，减少土壤水分挥发，为羊草种子的萌发创造了有利的环境条件，有效提高羊草种子的萌发率；2）养护：播种当年不需要除草；羊草返青后，雨天追施氮肥尿素70‑80kg/hm2；3）收获：9月上旬收获，在最后一次收割后要有30‑40天的再生期，保证羊草有充足的时间形成越冬芽，并积累充足的营养物质。本发明可使羊草幼苗成苗率达到88%以上，条播地面覆盖率达到90%以上。A method for efficiently constructing Leymus chinensis artificial grassland in the northern agricultural and animal husbandry area, including the following steps: 1) Sowing: before sowing, carefully prepare the land, apply fertilizer, deep plowing, and select buckwheat seeds 35-40kg/hm 2 in mid-to-late June , Leymus chinensis seeds 37.5-45kg/hm 2 are sown in mixed drills; after sowing, in the rainy season, buckwheat seedlings emerge first, cover the ground quickly, reduce soil moisture evaporation, create favorable environmental conditions for the germination of Leymus chinensis seeds, and effectively improve the quality of sheep. The germination rate of grass seeds; 2) Maintenance: No weeding is required in the year of sowing; after the Leymus chinensis turns green, topdress nitrogen fertilizer urea 70‑80kg/hm 2 on rainy days; 3) Harvest: Harvest in early September, 30 days after the last harvest The 40-day regeneration period ensures that Leymus chinensis has sufficient time to form overwintering buds and accumulate sufficient nutrients. The invention can make the seedling formation rate of Leymus chinensis seedlings reach more than 88%, and the drill ground coverage rate reach more than 90%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial grasslands, in particular to a method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grasslands in a northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area.
Background
The northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area has important ecological functions of wind prevention, sand fixation, water conservation, water loss prevention and the like, and simultaneously has huge production potential.
Northern farming and grazing staggered areas belong to arid and semiarid climates, and are low in air temperature, arid and less in rain, and most of northern farming and grazing regions are dry seasons. In arid and windy seasons, the problem of land windblown sand is serious. In recent years, the land degradation area of the northern farming and grazing staggered area is gradually enlarged and spread, the grassland productivity is reduced, the service function of the ecological system is reduced, and the contradiction between grasses and livestock is aggravated.
Herba Caprae Seu OvisLeymus chinensis) The forage grass is gramineous forage grass, has good palatability, rich nutrient content and high feeding value, is 'gramineous forage grass' in eyes of herdsman, and has wide distribution range, strong adaptability, cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance and strong salt and alkali resistance.
How to efficiently construct and plant the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis in the northern farming-grazing staggered area is a technical problem to be solved at present, and the research of the technology has important significance for the production of the livestock industry and the ecological restoration construction of the degraded grassland in the farming-grazing staggered area in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in a northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grasslands in northern farming-grazing staggered areas comprises the following steps:
1) Sowing:
before sowing, finely preparing land, fertilizing, deep ploughing and sowing the buckwheat with the sowing quantity of 35-40kg/hm 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis is 37.5-45kg/hm 2 The seeds of the buckwheat and the leymus chinensis are uniformly mixed, mixed sowing, drill sowing and sowing are carried out in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the seeds enter a rainy season in a northern farming-grazing staggered area, the buckwheat seedlings emerge preferentially and cover the ground quickly, so that the evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced, the soil is kept moist, the growth of weeds can be inhibited, favorable environmental conditions are created for the germination of the leymus chinensis seeds, and the germination rate of the leymus chinensis seeds is effectively improved;
2) Curing:
weeding is not needed in the current year of sowing, and annual gramineous weeds naturally decrease due to the continuous increase of the spreading and breeding degree of the leymus chinensis after the artificial grass land of the leymus chinensis is planted for 2-3 years; after the green of the leymus chinensis is turned, the leymus chinensis is applied in rainy days70-80kg/hm of nitrogen fertilizer urea 2 ；
3) Harvesting:
the growth period of the buckwheat is two half months, at the moment, the seedlings of the leymus chinensis grow into 6 leaves, and the growth of the seedlings of the leymus chinensis is not affected by the harvest of the buckwheat; the leymus chinensis is harvested in the last 9 months, and a regeneration period of 30-40 days is required after the last harvesting, so that the leymus chinensis is ensured to have enough time to form overwintering buds and enough nutrient substances are accumulated.
The leymus chinensis has strong adaptability, cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance and strong salt and alkali resistance, and is suitable for being used as the grass for natural ecological restoration; the buckwheat has strong adaptability, barren resistance, short growth period, rapid growth, high density, rapid and vigorous growth of stems and leaves, can cover the ground quickly, can reduce soil moisture evaporation and inhibit weed growth, and is a good previous crop of the leymus chinensis.
In the step 1), the sowing quantity of the buckwheat is 36kg/hm 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis is 45kg/hm 2 。
In the step 1), the fertilization is to uniformly spread organic fertilizer 7500-8000kg/hm 2 。
In the step 1), the deep ploughing is carried out for 25-30cm.
In the step 1), the drill seeding depth is 3-4cm, and the seeding row spacing is 40cm.
In the step 2), the cocklebur, the lettuce and other high broad-leaved weeds with larger density are prevented and removed by herbicide.
In the step 2), after the artificial grasslands of the leymus chinensis are planted for 4-5 years, the underground rootstock of the leymus chinensis is increased, the rootstock layer is thickened, the soil is poor in permeability, the plant number is reduced, the plant height is shortened, and the yield is reduced, at the moment, root cutting and fertilization are carried out on the leymus chinensis grasslands, the soil porosity and the air permeability are improved, the plate junction layer is broken, the soil moisture conservation effect is achieved, and the yield and the utilization life of the leymus chinensis grasslands are improved.
In the step 3), when the buckwheat is harvested, in order to prevent seeds from falling off, the buckwheat can be harvested when 75% of plant seeds turn brown or gray, the buckwheat is harvested in cloudy days or sunny morning, the buckwheat is prevented from being harvested in windy or rainy days, the seeds are prevented from being blown off or beaten off, the seeds are harvested and dried in time, and then the buckwheat is threshed and dried in the sun.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts a mode of sowing the buckwheat and the leymus chinensis in a mixed mode, combines a series of planting measures, enables the seedling rate of the leymus chinensis to reach more than 88 percent, enables the coverage rate of the drill sowing ground to reach more than 90 percent, and obviously improves the planting success rate of the leymus chinensis artificial grassland.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below.
The invention provides a method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grasslands in a northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area, which comprises the following steps:
1) Sowing:
before sowing, finely preparing land, uniformly spreading 7500-8000kg/hm of organic fertilizer 2 Deep ploughing 25-30cm, sowing semen Fagopyri Esculenti with a sowing rate of 35-40kg/hm 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis is 37.5-45kg/hm 2 The seeds of the buckwheat and the leymus chinensis are uniformly mixed, mixed sowing is carried out in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, the sowing row spacing is 40cm, the seeds enter the rainy season of the northern farming and grazing staggered area after sowing, the buckwheat seedlings preferentially emerge, the ground is covered quickly, the evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced, the soil is kept moist, the growth of weeds can be inhibited, favorable environmental conditions are created for the germination of the leymus chinensis seeds, and the germination rate of the leymus chinensis seeds is effectively improved;
2) Curing:
weeding is not needed in the current year of sowing, and annual gramineous weeds naturally decrease due to the continuous increase of the spreading and breeding degree of the leymus chinensis after the artificial grass land of the leymus chinensis is planted for 2-3 years; removing the high-density xanthium sibiricum, the ash vegetables and other high-large broadleaf weeds by using herbicide; after the green-turning of the leymus chinensis, 70-80kg/hm of nitrogen fertilizer urea is topdressing in rainy days 2 ；
After artificial grasslands of the leymus chinensis are planted for 4-5 years, underground rootstocks of the leymus chinensis are more and more propagated, rootstock layers are thickened, so that poor soil permeability, plant number reduction, plant height reduction and yield reduction are caused, at the moment, root cutting and fertilization are carried out on the leymus chinensis lands, the soil porosity and air permeability are improved, a plate junction layer is broken, and meanwhile, the soil moisture conservation effect is achieved, and the yield and the utilization life of the leymus chinensis lands are improved;
3) Harvesting:
the growth period of the buckwheat is two half months, at the moment, the seedlings of the leymus chinensis grow into 6 leaves, and the growth of the seedlings of the leymus chinensis is not affected by the harvest of the buckwheat; harvesting herba Caprae Seu Ovis in the last 9 months, and recovering 30-40 days after the last harvesting to ensure herba Caprae Seu Ovis to have enough time to form overwintering buds and accumulate sufficient nutrients;
when the buckwheat is harvested, in order to prevent seeds from falling off, the seeds can be harvested when 75% of plant seeds turn brown or gray, the seeds are harvested in cloudy days or sunny morning, the seeds are prevented from being blown off or beaten off in case of strong wind or strong rain, and the seeds are harvested, dried in time and then threshed and dried in the sun.
Experiments in the area on the river dam in the northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area show that under the condition that other conditions are consistent, the relation between the sowing quantity of the buckwheat and the sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis and the seedling rate and the ground coverage rate of the drill seeding of the leymus chinensis are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 relation between buckwheat sowing amount, leymus chinensis seedling rate, and ground coverage of drill
| Experimental example 1 | Experimental example 2 | Experimental example 3 | Experimental example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Mixed sowing condition | Sowing quantity of buckwheat 40kg/hm 2 Herba Caprae Seu Ovis Sowing quantity 37.5kg/hm 2 | Sowing quantity of buckwheat 35kg/hm 2 Sheep (sheep) Grass seed quantity 42kg/hm 2 | Sowing quantity of buckwheat 36kg/hm 2 Herba Caprae Seu Ovis Sowing quantity 45 kg- hm 2 | Sowing quantity of buckwheat 38kg/hm 2 Herba Caprae Seu Ovis Sowing quantity 45 kg- hm 2 | Sowing quantity of Chinese wildrye 37.5kg/hm 2 | Chinese wildrye seeding In an amount of 45kg/hm 2 |
| Chinese wildrye seedling Rate of seedling | 90% | 88% | 95% | 95% | 79% | 81% |
| Drill floor Coverage rate | 93% | 90% | 98% | 96% | 80% | 84% |
Note that: the seedling rate of the leymus chinensis seedlings is the ratio of the number of seedlings to the number of sowings in unit area after 15 days of seedling emergence; the drill floor coverage is the vertical shadow area of the seedling vegetation after drill.
The method of the invention adopts the buckwheat sowing quantity of 35-40kg/hm under the condition of consistent other conditions 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis is 37.5-45kg/hm 2 The mixed sowing has good planting effect on the artificial grasslands of the leymus chinensis, the seedling rate of the leymus chinensis seedlings reaches more than 88 percent, and the ground coverage rate of the drill sowing reaches more than 90 percent. Experiments prove that the sowing quantity of the buckwheat seeds is 36kg/hm 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis seeds is 45kg/hm 2 When the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis is planted, the planting effect is best, the seedling rate of the leymus chinensis seedlings reaches more than 95%, the ground coverage rate of drill seeding reaches more than 98%, and the planting success rate of the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis is remarkably improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the simple modification and equivalent substitution of the technical solution of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grasslands in northern farming-grazing staggered areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Sowing:
before sowing, finely preparing land, fertilizing, deep ploughing and sowing the buckwheat with the sowing quantity of 35-40kg/hm 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis is 37.5-45kg/hm 2 The seeds of the buckwheat and the leymus chinensis are uniformly mixed, mixed sowing, drill sowing and sowing are carried out in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, the seeds enter a rainy season in a northern farming-grazing staggered area, the buckwheat seedlings emerge preferentially and cover the ground quickly, so that the evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced, the soil is kept moist, the growth of weeds can be inhibited, favorable environmental conditions are created for the germination of the leymus chinensis seeds, and the germination rate of the leymus chinensis seeds is effectively improved;
2) Curing:
weeding is not needed in the current year of sowing, and annual gramineous weeds naturally decrease due to the continuous increase of the spreading and breeding degree of the leymus chinensis after the artificial grass land of the leymus chinensis is planted for 2-3 years; after the leymus chinensis turns green, rainTopdressing nitrogen fertilizer urea 70-80kg/hm 2 ；
After artificial grasslands of the leymus chinensis are planted for 4-5 years, underground rootstocks of the leymus chinensis are more and more propagated, rootstock layers are thickened, so that poor soil permeability, plant number reduction, plant height reduction and yield reduction are caused, at the moment, root cutting and fertilization are carried out on the leymus chinensis lands, the soil porosity and air permeability are improved, a plate junction layer is broken, and meanwhile, the soil moisture conservation effect is achieved, and the yield and the utilization life of the leymus chinensis lands are improved;
3) Harvesting:
the growth period of the buckwheat is two half months, at the moment, the seedlings of the leymus chinensis grow into 6 leaves, and the growth of the seedlings of the leymus chinensis is not affected by the harvest of the buckwheat; harvesting herba Caprae Seu Ovis in the last 9 months, and recovering 30-40 days after the last harvesting to ensure herba Caprae Seu Ovis to have enough time to form overwintering buds and accumulate sufficient nutrients;
when the buckwheat is harvested, in order to prevent seeds from falling off, the seeds can be harvested when 75% of plant seeds turn brown or gray, the seeds are harvested in cloudy days or sunny morning, the seeds are prevented from being blown off or beaten off in case of strong wind or strong rain, and the seeds are harvested, dried in time and then threshed and dried in the sun.
2. The method for efficiently planting the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis in the northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the sowing quantity of the buckwheat is 36kg/hm 2 The sowing quantity of the leymus chinensis is 45kg/hm 2 。
3. The method for efficiently planting the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis in the northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the fertilization is to uniformly spread organic fertilizer 7500-8000kg/hm 2 。
4. The method for efficiently planting the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis in the northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the deep ploughing is carried out for 25-30cm.
5. The method for efficiently planting the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis in the northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the drill seeding depth is 3-4cm, and the seeding row spacing is 40cm.
6. The method for efficiently planting the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis in the northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the cocklebur, the lettuce and other high broad-leaved weeds with larger density are prevented and removed by herbicide.
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| CN117322190B (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-23 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for repairing grassland local sand |
| CN118216384B (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-08-20 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for sowing seeds of cymbidium plants with zero disturbance of natural grassland soil |
| CN118947451A (en) * | 2024-09-20 | 2024-11-15 | 东北师范大学 | A method for improving the fruiting rate of artificial chinensis grassland by mixed sowing |
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