CN117020772B - Surface treatment device for metal materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular to a surface treatment device for metal materials, comprising a rotating drum, a vertical rod, a plurality of grinding components and a plurality of first adjustment components; the plurality of grinding components are arranged in a circular array around the circumference of the rotating drum axis, and two adjacent grinding components are arranged upside down; each grinding component comprises a telescopic rod and a grinding roller, and the two ends of the telescopic rod can slide along the radial direction of the rotating drum respectively, and the grinding roller is sleeved on the telescopic rod; the plurality of first adjustment components are arranged in a circular array around the circumference of the vertical rod, and each first adjustment component comprises a first support rod, and the angle between the first support rod and the vertical rod is 0 to 180 degrees. In the surface treatment device for metal materials, the first support rod slides along the radial direction of the rotating drum, and can support hollow conical parts with different tapers, and the telescopic rod can also move along the radial direction of the rotating drum, so that the grinding roller can fit the surface of the workpiece for grinding; the two adjacent grinding rollers are arranged upside down, and the friction force on the workpiece is offset when the workpiece is ground.

Description

Surface treatment device for metal materials

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a surface treatment device for metal materials.

Background technique

The utility model relates to a cone forming device, which is an auxiliary device for forming a cone metal blank and is widely used in the field of mechanical processing.

For example, the utility model with announcement number CN216939997U discloses a conical metal blank forming device, which can center and automatically grind a cylindrical blank, and can also adjust the angle of the grinding roller so that the device can grind out conical bodies with different tapers, reduce the limitations of the use of the device, reduce manual operations, and improve the working efficiency of the device; the above utility model is only used for solid workpieces. For hollow conical parts, the clamping and grinding are relatively complicated, and the above utility model lacks rapid rough grinding and fine grinding of workpieces.

Summary of the invention

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a surface treatment device for metal materials to address the problem that the current hollow conical parts are difficult to clamp for rough grinding and fine grinding.

The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The surface treatment device for metal materials comprises a base, a grinding mechanism and a supporting mechanism.

Base fixed setting.

The grinding mechanism includes a connecting ring, a rotating drum, multiple sliding components and multiple grinding components. The connecting ring is installed on the base, and the rotating drum is rotatably mounted on the connecting ring with the connecting ring axis as the rotating axis; multiple sliding components are evenly arranged on the rotating drum around the rotating drum axis.

A plurality of grinding assemblies are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the rotating drum, and each grinding assembly comprises a telescopic rod, a sleeve and a grinding roller; both ends of the telescopic rod can slide along the radial direction of the rotating drum respectively, and are arranged on the sliding assembly; the sleeve is slidably mounted on the telescopic rod along the axis of the telescopic rod; the grinding roller is rotatably mounted on the sleeve around the axis of the sleeve, and is used for grinding the surface of the workpiece; two adjacent grinding assemblies are arranged upside down.

The supporting mechanism includes a vertical pole, a circular plate and a plurality of first adjustment components. The vertical pole is vertically installed on the base and is coaxial with the connecting ring; the circular plate is installed at the top end of the vertical pole; the plurality of first adjustment components are arranged in a circular array around the circumference of the vertical pole, each first adjustment component includes a first strut and a second strut, the axis of the first strut and the axis of the vertical pole are located in the same vertical plane, one end of the first strut is rotatably arranged on the circular plate, and the angle between the first strut and the vertical pole is 0 to 180 degrees; the second strut is slidably arranged at one end of the first strut along the axial direction of the first strut.

Preferably, each sliding assembly includes two extension plates and two first sliding blocks; the two extension plates are sequentially mounted on the drum along the vertical direction; the extension plates are horizontally arranged, and each first sliding block is slidably arranged on one of the extension plates along the radial direction of the drum.

Preferably, a plurality of through grooves are formed through the circumference of the rotating drum, and the plurality of through grooves are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating drum, and the number of the through grooves matches the number of sliding assemblies; the two extension plates of each sliding assembly are respectively mounted on the upper groove wall and the lower groove wall of the through groove, and a first slide groove is formed on the sides of the two extension plates close to each other, and the first slide groove is slidably arranged in the first slide groove along the radial direction of the rotating drum, and a first hydraulic rod is installed in the first slide groove, and the two ends of the first hydraulic rod are respectively connected to the extension plate and the first slide groove, and the two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively hinged to the two first slide blocks in each sliding assembly.

Preferably, the diameters of the first support rod and the second support rod are equal to provide the same supporting force to the workpiece.

Preferably, both the first support rod and the second support rod can slide in the radial direction of the drum, and the axes of the first support rod and the second support rod are respectively parallel to the axes of the grinding rollers adjacent thereto.

Preferably, it also includes a pushing assembly, which is installed between the plurality of first struts and the second struts and is used to push the plurality of first struts and the second struts to slide in the horizontal direction simultaneously.

Preferably, of two adjacent grinding assemblies, the contact point between the top end of the grinding roller on one grinding assembly and the workpiece and the contact point between the bottom end of the grinding roller on the other grinding assembly and the workpiece are located in the same horizontal plane.

Preferably, the grinding assembly also includes a ring, a second hydraulic rod, a mounting plate and a first motor, the ring being mounted on the end of the telescopic rod away from the sleeve; one end of the second hydraulic rod is mounted on the ring, and the other end is mounted on the sleeve, for driving the sleeve to slide along the axial direction of the telescopic rod; the mounting plate is mounted on the end of the sleeve away from the second hydraulic rod, and the mounting plate is mounted on the fixed part of the telescopic rod; the first motor is mounted on the mounting plate, and can drive the grinding roller to rotate.

Preferably, the number of grinding components is an even number.

Preferably, the peripheral surface of the rotating drum close to one end of the base is provided with teeth, a second motor is mounted on the base, and a gear meshing with the teeth on the rotating drum is mounted on the output end of the second motor.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the first support rod and the second support rod can slide respectively along the radial direction of the rotating drum, so as to support hollow conical parts with different tapers, and the telescopic rod can also move along the radial direction of the rotating drum, so that the grinding roller can fit the surface of the workpiece for grinding; the two adjacent grinding rollers are arranged upside down, and the grinding directions of the workpiece are opposite, which can offset the forces exerted on the workpiece, and the adjacent grinding rollers can perform fine grinding on the workpiece when they follow the sleeve to move to the same position of the workpiece for grinding.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface treatment device for a metal material provided in this embodiment;

FIG2 is a front view of the surface treatment device for metal materials provided in this embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2;

FIG4 is an enlarged view of point B in FIG3 ;

FIG5 is an enlarged view of point C in FIG3 ;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the grinding components of the surface treatment device for metal materials provided in this embodiment;

FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a support mechanism of a surface treatment device for metal materials provided in this embodiment;

FIG8 is an exploded view of a grinding assembly of a surface treatment device for metal materials provided in this embodiment;

Wherein: 100, base; 201, connecting ring; 202, rotating drum; 203, extension plate; 204, first slider; 205, telescopic rod; 206, sleeve; 207, grinding roller; 208, through groove; 209, sleeve; 210, first hydraulic rod; 211, mounting plate; 212, first motor; 213, second hydraulic rod; 214, first slide; 215, second motor; 301, vertical rod; 302, round plate; 303, first support rod; 304, second support rod; 305, second slide; 306, second slider; 307, limit block; 308, third slide; 309, third slider; 401, first slide plate; 402, second slide plate; 403, first hollow hydraulic cylinder; 404, second hollow hydraulic cylinder; 405, first connecting rod; 406, second connecting rod.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

The serial numbers assigned to the components herein, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the objects described and do not have any order or technical meaning. The "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

As shown in Figures 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface treatment device for metal materials, which is suitable for rough grinding and fine grinding of the surface of hollow thin-walled conical workpieces, and is also suitable for grinding hollow cylindrical workpieces. The surface treatment device for metal materials provided in this embodiment includes a base 100, a grinding mechanism and a supporting mechanism.

The base 100 is fixedly arranged.

The grinding mechanism includes a connecting ring 201, a rotating drum 202, multiple sliding components and multiple grinding components. The connecting ring 201 is installed on the base 100, and the rotating drum 202 is rotatably mounted on the connecting ring 201 with the axis of the connecting ring 201 as the rotating axis; multiple sliding components are evenly arranged on the rotating drum 202 around the axis of the rotating drum 202.

Multiple grinding assemblies are distributed in a circular array around the axis of the rotating drum 202, and each grinding assembly includes a telescopic rod 205, a sleeve 206 and a grinding roller 207; both ends of the telescopic rod 205 can slide along the radial direction of the rotating drum 202 respectively, and are arranged on the sliding assembly; the sleeve 206 is slidably mounted on the telescopic rod 205 along the axial direction of the telescopic rod 205; the grinding roller 207 is rotatably mounted on the sleeve 206 around the axis of the sleeve 206, and is used for grinding the surface of the workpiece; two adjacent grinding assemblies are arranged upside down.

The supporting mechanism includes a vertical rod 301, a circular plate 302 and a plurality of first adjustment components. The vertical rod 301 is vertically mounted on the base 100 and is coaxial with the connecting ring 201; the circular plate 302 is mounted on the top of the vertical rod 301; a plurality of first adjustment components are arranged in a circular array around the circumference of the vertical rod 301, each first adjustment component includes a first support rod 303 and a second support rod 304, the axis of the first support rod 303 and the axis of the vertical rod 301 are located in the same vertical plane, one end of the first support rod 303 is rotatably arranged on the circular plate 302, and the angle between the first support rod 303 and the vertical rod 301 is 0 to 180 degrees; the second support rod 304 is slidably arranged at one end of the first support rod 303 along the axial direction of the first support rod 303.

Specifically, when grinding a tapered and hollow thin-walled workpiece, the first support rod 303 can change the angle between the first support rod 301 to adapt to the tapered workpiece, so that the workpiece can fully contact the inner wall of the first support rod 303 to obtain supporting force. The rotating drum 202 can rotate around the axis of the connecting ring 201 to drive the grinding assembly to grind the surface of the workpiece. When the workpiece is roughly ground, two adjacent grinding rollers 207 are arranged one above and one below, and the workpiece is divided into two parts for grinding, and the two adjacent grinding rollers 207 rotate in opposite directions, applying friction forces in two different directions to the workpiece to prevent the workpiece from rotating; when the workpiece needs to be finely ground, the grinding roller 207 can slide along the axial direction of the sleeve 206, so that a single grinding roller 207 completely covers the surface of the workpiece, and the adjacent grinding rollers 207 can realize multiple grinding directions for the same grinding area of the workpiece to achieve fine grinding of the workpiece.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, each sliding assembly includes two extension plates 203 and two first sliders 204; the two extension plates 203 are installed on the rotating drum 202 in sequence along the vertical direction; the extension plates 203 are horizontally arranged, and each first slider 204 is slidably arranged on one of the extension plates 203 along the radial direction of the rotating drum 202.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, a plurality of through grooves 208 are formed through the circumference of the rotating drum 202, and the plurality of through grooves 208 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating drum 202, and the number of the through grooves 208 matches the number of sliding components; the two extension plates 203 of each sliding component are respectively mounted on the upper groove wall and the lower groove wall of the through groove 208, and a first slide groove 214 is formed on the side of the two extension plates 203 close to each other, and the first slider 204 is slidably arranged in the first slide groove 214 along the radial direction of the rotating drum 202, and a first hydraulic rod 210 is installed in the first slide groove 214, and the two ends of the first hydraulic rod 210 are respectively connected to the extension plate 203 and the first slider 204, and the two ends of the telescopic rod 205 are respectively hinged to the two first sliders 204 in each sliding component.

Specifically, the sliding assembly is divided into two groups, the first group is installed on the upper groove wall of the through groove 208, and the second group is installed on the lower groove wall of the through groove 208. The first hydraulic rod 210 in each group can be extended and retracted at the same time, and the first hydraulic rods 210 in the two groups of sliding assemblies can be extended and retracted separately, so as to drive the telescopic rod 205 to drive the grinding roller 207 to fit the workpieces with different tapers; when it is necessary to adjust the grinding roller 207 according to the workpiece, first start the first hydraulic rod 210 in the second group of sliding assemblies, and the first hydraulic rod 210 drives the bottom end of the telescopic rod 205 away from the vertical rod 301 through the first slider 204, so that the grinding roller 207 is deflected to an angle that can fully contact the surface of the workpiece, and then the first hydraulic rods 210 of the first group and the second group are started at the same time, so that the grinding roller 207 contacts the workpiece for grinding.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the diameters of the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 are equal, so as to provide the same supporting force to the workpiece.

Specifically, the connecting ends of the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 are respectively provided with an insertion rod and a groove whose diameters are smaller than those of the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 , and the insertion rod is slidably arranged in the groove.

In another embodiment, the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 may be connected via a spline.

In this embodiment, both the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 can slide along the radial direction of the rotating drum 202, and the axes of the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 are respectively parallel to the axes of the grinding roller 207 adjacent thereto.

Specifically, the lower surface of the circular plate 302 is provided with second slide grooves 305 matching the number of the first struts 303, each of the second slide grooves 305 is provided with a second slider 306 sliding along the radial direction of the drum 202, and one end of each second slider 306 is hinged to one end of one of the first struts 303 away from the second strut 304; the upper surface of the base 100 is provided with a plurality of limit blocks 307, each of the limit blocks 307 is provided with a third slide groove 308, and the third slide groove 308 is provided with a slider sliding along the radial direction of the drum The third sliders 309 slide in the radial direction of 202, and one end of each third slider 309 is hinged to one end of one of the second struts 304 away from the first strut 303; that is, after adjusting the angle between the first strut 303 and the vertical rod 301 according to the taper of the workpiece, the first strut 303 and the second strut 304 can both slide in the radial direction of the rotating drum 202 according to the different heights of the workpiece, and the position of the workpiece on the first strut 303 and the second strut 304 can be adjusted, which is more convenient for grinding the grinding assembly.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the surface treatment device for metal materials further includes a pushing assembly installed between the plurality of first support rods 303 and the second support rods 304 for pushing the plurality of first support rods 303 and the second support rods 304 to slide simultaneously in the horizontal direction.

Specifically, the pushing assembly includes a first slide 401, a second slide 402, a first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403, a second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404, a plurality of first connecting rods 405 and a plurality of second connecting rods 406; the first slide 401 and the second slide 402 are both slidably mounted on the vertical rod 301, and the first slide 401 is located above the second slide 402; the first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403 and the second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404 are both mounted on the vertical rod 301, and the first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403 and the second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404 are located between the first slide 401 and the second slide 402, the telescopic ends of the first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403 and the second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404 are respectively connected to the first slide 401 and the second slide 402, and are used to push the first slide 401 and the second slide 402 to slide along the axial direction of the vertical rod 301; one end of the plurality of first connecting rods 405 is hinged to the first slide 401, and the other end of a single first connecting rod 405 is correspondingly hinged to a single second slider 306; one end of the plurality of second connecting rods 406 is hinged to the second slide 402, and the other end of a single second connecting rod 406 is correspondingly hinged to a single third slider 309. By starting the first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403 and the second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404, the plurality of first support rods 303 and the plurality of second support rods 304 can move simultaneously to form a shape that fits the inner wall of the workpiece.

In another embodiment, the pushing assembly may also include multiple third hydraulic rods and fourth hydraulic rods, one ends of the multiple third hydraulic rods and the fourth hydraulic rods are installed on the circumferential surface of the vertical rod 301, and the axes of the multiple third hydraulic rods and the fourth hydraulic rods are perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rod 301; the telescopic end of each third hydraulic rod is respectively connected to one of the second sliders 306; the telescopic end of each fourth hydraulic rod is respectively connected to one of the third sliders 309, which are used to push the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304 to fit the inner circumference of the workpiece.

In this embodiment, of two adjacent grinding assemblies, the contact point between the top end of the grinding roller 207 on one grinding assembly and the workpiece and the contact point between the bottom end of the grinding roller 207 on the other grinding assembly and the workpiece are located in the same horizontal plane.

Specifically, when the workpiece is roughly ground, the grinding areas of two adjacent grinding rollers 207 do not overlap, which can improve the grinding efficiency of the rough grinding and ensure the consistency of the grinding degree of the workpiece surface.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the grinding assembly also includes a ring 209, a second hydraulic rod 213, a mounting plate 211 and a first motor 212. The ring 209 is sleeved and installed on the end of the telescopic rod 205 away from the sleeve 206; one end of the second hydraulic rod 213 is installed on the ring 209, and the other end is installed on the sleeve 206, which is used to drive the sleeve 206 to slide along the axial direction of the telescopic rod 205; the mounting plate 211 is installed on the end of the sleeve 206 away from the second hydraulic rod 213, and the mounting plate 211 is sleeved on the fixed part of the telescopic rod 205; the first motor 212 is installed on the mounting plate 211, and can drive the grinding roller 207 to rotate.

Specifically, the first motor 212 and the grinding roller 207 are connected in transmission, and can drive the grinding roller 207 to rotate to grind the workpiece. When fine grinding the workpiece, the second hydraulic rod 213 can pull the sleeve 206 to slide along the axial direction of the telescopic rod 205. The sleeve 206 drives the first motor 212 to move with the grinding roller 207 through the mounting plate 211, thereby changing the grinding position of the workpiece by the grinding roller 207, so that the grinding rollers 207 rotating in different directions grind the same position of the workpiece, thereby improving the surface finish of the workpiece.

In this embodiment, the number of grinding components is an even number, that is, the number of grinding rollers 207 is an even number. By arranging the grinding rollers 207 one up and one down, the contact positions of the grinding rollers 207 with the upper part and the lower part of the workpiece are evenly distributed, which is beneficial to the stability of the workpiece during the grinding process.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the peripheral surface of the rotating drum 202 near one end of the base 100 is provided with teeth, a second motor 215 is mounted on the base 100 , and a gear meshing with the teeth on the rotating drum 202 is mounted on the output end of the second motor 215 .

Specifically, the second motor 215 can drive the rotating drum 202 to rotate through the gear at the output end, and the rotating drum 202 can drive the grinding roller 207 to rotate to fully grind the circumference of the workpiece.

The specific working principle of the surface treatment device for metal materials mentioned in the above embodiment is as follows: when it is necessary to grind a conical hollow workpiece, first adjust the angle between the first support rod 303 and the vertical rod 301 according to the taper of the workpiece to adapt to the taper of the workpiece; start the first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403 and the second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404, the first hollow hydraulic cylinder 403 and the second hollow hydraulic cylinder 404 push the first slide plate 401 and the second slide plate 402 to move in opposite directions on the vertical rod 301, the first slide plate 401 pushes the second slide block 306 to slide in the second slide groove 305 through the first connecting rod 405, and the second slide plate 402 pushes the third slide block 309 to slide in the third slide groove 308 through the second connecting rod 406, so that the workpiece can be located in the middle position of the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304, and then the end of the workpiece with a larger diameter is downwardly mounted on the first support rod 303 and the second support rod 304.

Then, the two groups of first hydraulic rods 210 in the two groups of sliding assemblies are started, and the first hydraulic rods 210 of each group push the corresponding first sliding block 204 to slide in the first sliding groove 214, and the first sliding block 204 pushes one end of the telescopic rod 205 to drive the telescopic rod 205 to slide along the radial direction of the rotating drum 202, so that the axis of the telescopic rod 205 is parallel to the conical surface of the workpiece; then the first motor 212 is started, and the first motor 212 drives the grinding roller 207 to rotate around the sleeve 206, and the two adjacent grinding rollers 207 rotate in opposite directions, and the two adjacent grinding rollers 207 can grind the entire surface of the workpiece; all the first hydraulic rods 210 are started again, so that the grinding roller 207 contacts with the workpiece, and the workpiece is roughly ground.

When the workpiece needs to be finely ground, the second hydraulic rod 213 is started to contract, and the second hydraulic rod 213 drives the sleeve 206 to approach the ring 209 along the axial direction of the telescopic rod 205, and all the grinding rollers 207 cover the surface of the entire workpiece. Adjacent grinding rollers 207 grind the workpiece in different directions, which can improve the smoothness of the workpiece.

The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims (10)

1. A surface treatment device for metal materials, characterized in that it comprises: Base, base fixed setting; The grinding mechanism includes a connecting ring, a rotating drum, a plurality of sliding components and a plurality of grinding components. The connecting ring is installed on the base. The rotating drum is rotatably sleeved on the connecting ring with the axis of the connecting ring as the rotating axis. The plurality of sliding components are evenly arranged on the rotating drum around the axis of the rotating drum. A plurality of grinding assemblies are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the rotating drum, and each grinding assembly includes a telescopic rod, a sleeve and a grinding roller; both ends of the telescopic rod can slide along the radial direction of the rotating drum and are arranged on the sliding assembly; the sleeve is slidably mounted on the telescopic rod along the axis of the telescopic rod; the grinding roller is rotatably mounted on the sleeve around the axis of the sleeve, and is used to grind the surface of the workpiece; two adjacent grinding assemblies are arranged upside down; The supporting mechanism includes a vertical pole, a circular plate and a plurality of first adjustment components. The vertical pole is vertically installed on the base and is coaxial with the connecting ring; the circular plate is installed at the top end of the vertical pole; the plurality of first adjustment components are arranged in a circular array around the circumference of the vertical pole, each first adjustment component includes a first strut and a second strut, the axis of the first strut and the axis of the vertical pole are located in the same vertical plane, one end of the first strut is rotatably arranged on the circular plate, and the angle between the first strut and the vertical pole is 0 to 180 degrees; the second strut is slidably arranged at one end of the first strut along the axial direction of the first strut. 2. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that each sliding assembly comprises two extension plates and two first sliding blocks; the two extension plates are sequentially installed on the rotating drum along the vertical direction; the extension plates are horizontally arranged, and each first sliding block is slidably arranged on one of the extension plates along the radial direction of the rotating drum. 3. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 2 is characterized in that a plurality of through grooves are formed through the circumferential surface of the rotating drum, and the plurality of through grooves are evenly distributed around the circumferential surface of the rotating drum, and the number of the through grooves matches the number of sliding components; the two extension plates of each sliding component are respectively mounted on the upper groove wall and the lower groove wall of the through groove, and a first slide groove is formed on the sides of the two extension plates close to each other, and the first slide groove is slidably arranged in the first slide groove along the radial direction of the rotating drum, and a first hydraulic rod is installed in the first slide groove, and the two ends of the first hydraulic rod are respectively connected to the extension plate and the first slide groove, and the two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively hinged to the two first slide blocks in each sliding component. 4 . The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 , wherein the diameters of the first support rod and the second support rod are equal to each other so as to provide the same supporting force to the workpiece. 5. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that the first support rod and the second support rod can both slide in the radial direction of the rotating drum, and the axes of the first support rod and the second support rod are respectively parallel to the axes of the grinding rollers adjacent thereto. 6. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that it also includes a pushing component, which is installed between the plurality of first support rods and the second support rods and is used to push the plurality of first support rods and the second support rods to slide in the horizontal direction at the same time. 7. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that, of two adjacent grinding assemblies, the contact point between the top end of the grinding roller on one grinding assembly and the workpiece and the contact point between the bottom end of the grinding roller on the other grinding assembly and the workpiece are located in the same horizontal plane. 8. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that the grinding assembly also includes a ring, a second hydraulic rod, a mounting plate and a first motor, the ring is mounted on the end of the telescopic rod away from the sleeve; one end of the second hydraulic rod is mounted on the ring, and the other end is mounted on the sleeve, which is used to drive the sleeve to slide along the axial direction of the telescopic rod; the mounting plate is mounted on the end of the sleeve away from the second hydraulic rod, and the mounting plate is mounted on the fixed part of the telescopic rod; the first motor is mounted on the mounting plate, and can drive the grinding roller to rotate. 9 . The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 , wherein the number of grinding components is an even number. 10. The surface treatment device for metal materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that teeth are provided on the circumference of the rotating drum near one end of the base, a second motor is installed on the base, and a gear meshing with the teeth on the rotating drum is installed at the output end of the second motor.