CN116995780A - Intelligent direct-current power supply system - Google Patents
Intelligent direct-current power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116995780A CN116995780A CN202311019780.XA CN202311019780A CN116995780A CN 116995780 A CN116995780 A CN 116995780A CN 202311019780 A CN202311019780 A CN 202311019780A CN 116995780 A CN116995780 A CN 116995780A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of direct-current power supplies and provides an intelligent direct-current power supply system which comprises a charging circuit, wherein the charging circuit comprises a controllable silicon Q3, a triode Q2, a triode Q1, a resistor R1, an operational amplifier U1 and a rheostat RP1, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the positive electrode of a storage battery U3 through the resistor R1, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through the rheostat RP1, the sliding end of the rheostat RP1 is connected with a 12V power supply, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the control electrode of the controllable silicon Q3, the collector electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the 12V power supply, the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the base electrode of the controllable silicon Q3, the cathode of the controllable silicon Q3 is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, and the collector electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2. Through the technical scheme, the problem that the service life of the storage battery is influenced by the charging mode of the storage battery in the existing parallel direct current power supply system is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current power supplies, in particular to an intelligent direct current power supply system.
Background
In a power system, a traditional direct current power supply system is usually connected into a direct current bus in a mode of connecting storage batteries in series, single-battery faults in the series direct current power supply system affect the whole group of output, the storage batteries are difficult to completely agree with the produced storage battery performance parameters in the manufacturing process, the larger the storage battery capacity deviation is along with the lengthening of the running time of the storage batteries, meanwhile, the problems of difficult maintenance, low reliability and the like exist, a certain risk is brought to the stable running of the direct current system, and along with the development of a power electronic technology, the parallel direct current power supply system can effectively solve the problems existing in the series direct current power supply system and has obvious advantages in the aspects of reliability, safety, convenience and the like.
In a parallel direct current power supply system, under normal operation, alternating current 220V is rectified by an AC/DC circuit and then is output to direct current bus voltage to supply power for load equipment, meanwhile, a direct current power supply charges a single storage battery connected under a module through a charging DC/DC circuit, and under the condition of alternating current power supply interruption, the single storage battery of each branch can directly supply power for the load equipment without switching after boosting through a discharging DC/DC circuit. The storage battery is usually in a constant-current mode in the charging process, the constant-current charging has larger adaptability, the charging current can be arbitrarily selected and adjusted, but the charging current in the initial stage is small, the charging current in the later stage of charging is overlarge, the whole charging process is long in time, and the energy consumption is large; meanwhile, the constant-current charging is easy to cause overcharge, and the overcharge can cause pressure in the polar plate due to severe bubble release, so that the polar plate is damaged too early, and the service life of the storage battery is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent direct-current power supply system, which solves the problem that the service life of a storage battery is influenced by the charging mode of the storage battery in the existing parallel direct-current power supply system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the intelligent direct current power supply system comprises a storage battery U3 and a charging circuit, wherein the charging circuit is connected with the storage battery U3, the charging circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a voltage stabilizer U4, a controllable silicon Q7, a controllable silicon Q3, a triode Q2, a triode Q1, a resistor R2, an operational amplifier U1, a rheostat RP1 and an operational amplifier U2,
the first end of the resistor R1 is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first end of the rheostat RP1, the second end of the rheostat RP1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the sliding end of the rheostat RP1 is connected with a 12V power supply, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first end of the resistor R1 through the resistor R2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the control electrode of the controllable silicon Q3,
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with a 12V power supply, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the base of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q3, the cathode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q3 is connected with the anode of the storage battery U3, the cathode of the storage battery U3 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the base of the triode Q2, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded,
the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the control electrode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q7, the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is connected with a 12V power supply, the cathode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is connected with the anode of the storage battery U3, the first end of the resistor R7 is connected with the 12V power supply, the second end of the resistor R7 is grounded through the resistor R8, the anode of the voltage stabilizer U4 is connected with the 12V power supply, the voltage stabilizer U4 is grounded at the anode, and the control electrode of the voltage stabilizer U4 is connected with the second end of the resistor R7.
Further, the invention further comprises a main control unit and a switching tube Q4, wherein a first end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a 12V power supply, an anode of the controllable silicon Q7, a collector of the triode Q2 and a sliding end of the rheostat RP1 are both connected with a second end of the switching tube Q4, and a control end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a first output end of the main control unit.
Further, the charging circuit in the present invention further includes a resistor R6, a resistor R9, and a resistor R10, where a first end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery U3, a second end of the resistor R6 is connected to the first end of the resistor R1, a first end of the resistor R9 is connected to the second end of the resistor R6, a second end of the resistor R9 is grounded through the resistor R10, and a second end of the resistor R9 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
Further, the invention also comprises an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit, the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit comprises a rectification circuit, a filter circuit, a transformer T1, a diode D3, a capacitor C8, an inductor L3, a capacitor C7 and a switch tube Q8, an alternating current power grid is sequentially connected with a first input end of the transformer T1 after passing through the rectification circuit and the filter circuit, a second input end of the transformer T1 is connected with a first end of the switch tube Q8, a control end of the switch tube Q8 is connected with a second output end of the main control unit, a second end of the switch tube Q8 is grounded, a first output end of the transformer T1 is connected with an anode of the diode D3, a cathode of the diode D3 is grounded through the capacitor C8, a cathode of the diode D3 is connected with a first end of the inductor L3, a second end of the inductor L3 is grounded through the capacitor C7, and a second end of the inductor L3 is used as a 12V power end.
Further, the ac-dc conversion circuit in the present invention further includes a resistor R12, a resistor R11, an optocoupler U11, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, and a resistor R15, where a first end of the resistor R12 is connected to the second end of the inductor L3, a second end of the resistor R12 is grounded through the resistor R11, a first input end of the optocoupler U11 is connected to the second end of the resistor R12, a second end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded, a first output end of the optocoupler U11 is connected to a 5V power supply through the resistor R14, a first output end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded through the resistor R15, a second output end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded through the resistor R13, and a second output end of the optocoupler U11 is connected to a second input end of the main control unit.
Further, in the DC/DC boost circuit of the present invention, the DC/DC boost circuit includes an inductor L1, a diode D2, a switching tube Q5, and a capacitor C3, where a first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the switching tube Q5, a second end of the switching tube Q5 is grounded, a control end of the switching tube Q5 is connected to a third output end of the main control unit, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to an anode of the diode D2, a cathode of the diode D2 is grounded through the capacitor C3, and a cathode of the diode D2 is connected to a first power supply end of the load RL, and a second power supply end of the load RL is grounded.
Further, the DC/DC boost circuit in the present invention further includes a switching tube Q6 and a diode D1, wherein a first end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, a control end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the fourth output end of the main control unit, a second end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
in the invention, the storage battery U3 is used for storing electric energy, and meanwhile, under the condition that an alternating current power grid fails or power is insufficient, the storage battery U3 is used as a power supply to supply power for a load, and the charging circuit is used for providing proper charging current and charging voltage for the storage battery U3. If the electric quantity in the storage battery U3 is lower, a constant-current charging mode is adopted first, the constant-current charging can provide relatively larger charging current for the storage battery U3, the charging efficiency is higher, when the electric quantity in the storage battery U3 reaches a preset value, the charging efficiency is changed into a constant-voltage charging mode, the virtual voltage is higher due to the polarized internal resistance of the battery, and the charging current is reduced by adopting the constant-voltage mode, so that the battery is charged more fully.
The working principle of the charging circuit is as follows: the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U2 respectively form a comparator, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 are used for collecting the voltage of the storage battery U3, a 12V power supply is divided by the rheostat RP1 and then used as a reference voltage, the reference voltage is respectively added to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, when the voltage of the storage battery U3 is lower than a preset value, the operational amplifier U1 outputs a high level, the operational amplifier U2 outputs a low level, the silicon controlled rectifier Q3 is conducted, the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is cut off, and the storage battery U3 enters a constant current charging mode: when the operational amplifier U1 outputs a high level, the triode Q2 is conducted, the 12V power supply charges the storage battery U3 through the triode Q2 and the controllable silicon Q3, when the charging current is large, the base electrode current of the triode Q1 is large, so that the collector electrode current of the triode Q1 is large, the base electrode current of the triode Q2 is reduced, and the charging current of the storage battery U3 is reduced; when the charging current of the battery U3 decreases, the base current of the triode Q1 decreases, so that the collector current of the triode Q1 decreases, and the base current of the triode Q2 increases, so that the charging current of the battery U3 increases, thereby ensuring that the charging current of the battery U3 is stable and unchanged. When the voltage of the storage battery U3 is higher than a preset value, the operational amplifier U1 outputs a low-level signal, meanwhile, the operational amplifier U2 outputs a high-level signal, at this time, the silicon controlled rectifier Q3 is cut off, the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is conducted, and the storage battery U3 enters a constant-voltage charging mode: the 12V power supply charges the storage battery U3 through the controllable silicon Q7, the resistor R8 and the voltage stabilizer U4 form a voltage stabilizing circuit, the regulated voltage can be regulated by regulating the resistance values of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8, and the 12V power supply outputs stable voltage to charge the storage battery U3 after passing through the voltage stabilizing circuit.
In the invention, when the electric quantity of the storage battery U3 is lower than a preset value, a constant-current charging mode is firstly entered, and when the electric quantity of the storage battery U3 exceeds the preset value, the constant-voltage charging mode is entered, so that the phenomenon of overcharging of the storage battery U3 caused by continuous constant-current charging is avoided, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a charging circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an AC/DC conversion circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a DC/DC boost circuit in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides an intelligent dc power supply system, including battery U3 and charging circuit, charging circuit connects battery U3, charging circuit includes resistance R7, resistance R8, stabiliser U4, thyristor Q7, thyristor Q3, triode Q2, triode Q1, resistance R2, operational amplifier U1, varistor RP1 and operational amplifier U2, the positive pole of battery U3 is connected to the first end of resistance R1, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the second end of resistance R1, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected to the first end of varistor RP1, the inverting input terminal of varistor RP1 is connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2, 12V power supply is connected to the sliding terminal of varistor RP1, the base of operational amplifier U2 is connected to the first end of resistor R2, the output terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected to the base of triode Q2, the control electrode of thyristor Q3 is connected to the triode Q2, the connection 12V power supply 12V 2 is connected to the triode Q2, the negative pole of the triode Q3 is connected to the positive pole of the triode Q7 is connected to the triode Q3, the negative pole of the triode Q2 is connected to the positive pole of the triode Q7 is connected to the triode Q3, the negative pole of the triode 3 is connected to the triode Q3 is connected to the negative pole of the triode 3 is connected to the triode Q3, the negative pole of the triode 3 is connected to the negative pole of the triode 3 is connected to the negative pole.
In this embodiment, the storage battery U3 is used to store electric energy, and at the same time, when the ac power grid fails or the power is insufficient, the storage battery U3 is used as a power source to supply power to the load, and the charging circuit is used to provide appropriate charging current and charging voltage for the storage battery U3. If the electric quantity in the storage battery U3 is lower, a constant-current charging mode is adopted first, the constant-current charging can provide relatively larger charging current for the storage battery U3, the charging efficiency is higher, when the electric quantity in the storage battery U3 reaches a preset value, the charging efficiency is changed into a constant-voltage charging mode, the virtual voltage is higher due to the polarized internal resistance of the battery, and the charging current is reduced by adopting the constant-voltage mode, so that the battery is charged more fully.
Specifically, the working principle of the charging circuit is as follows: the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U2 respectively form a comparator, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 are used for collecting the voltage of the storage battery U3, a 12V power supply is divided by the rheostat RP1 and then used as a reference voltage, the reference voltage is respectively added to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, when the voltage of the storage battery U3 is lower than a preset value, the operational amplifier U1 outputs a high level, the operational amplifier U2 outputs a low level, the silicon controlled rectifier Q3 is conducted, the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is cut off, and the storage battery U3 enters a constant current charging mode: when the operational amplifier U1 outputs a high level, the triode Q2 is conducted, the 12V power supply charges the storage battery U3 through the triode Q2 and the controllable silicon Q3, when the charging current is large, the base electrode current of the triode Q1 is large, so that the collector electrode current of the triode Q1 is large, the base electrode current of the triode Q2 is reduced, and the charging current of the storage battery U3 is reduced; when the charging current of the battery U3 decreases, the base current of the triode Q1 decreases, so that the collector current of the triode Q1 decreases, and the base current of the triode Q2 increases, so that the charging current of the battery U3 increases, thereby ensuring that the charging current of the battery U3 is stable and unchanged.
When the voltage of the storage battery U3 is higher than a preset value, the operational amplifier U1 outputs a low-level signal, meanwhile, the operational amplifier U2 outputs a high-level signal, at this time, the silicon controlled rectifier Q3 is cut off, the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is conducted, and the storage battery U3 enters a constant-voltage charging mode: the 12V power supply charges the storage battery U3 through the controllable silicon Q7, the resistor R8 and the voltage stabilizer U4 form a voltage stabilizing circuit, the regulated voltage can be regulated by regulating the resistance values of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8, and the 12V power supply outputs stable voltage to charge the storage battery U3 after passing through the voltage stabilizing circuit.
In the charging circuit in this embodiment, when the electric quantity of the storage battery U3 is lower than a predetermined value, the constant-current charging mode is first entered, and when the electric quantity of the storage battery U3 exceeds the predetermined value, the constant-voltage charging mode is shifted to, so as to avoid the overcharge phenomenon of the storage battery U3 caused by continuous constant-current charging.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment further includes a main control unit and a switching tube Q4, wherein a first end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a 12V power supply, an anode of the thyristor Q7, a collector of the triode Q2 and a sliding end of the varistor RP1 are both connected with a second end of the switching tube Q4, and a control end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a first output end of the main control unit.
The switch tube Q4 forms a charging switch circuit, when the storage battery U3 needs to be charged, the main control unit sends a low-level signal to the control end of the switch tube Q4, the switch tube Q4 is conducted, the 12V power supply is connected, when the storage battery U3 does not need to be charged, the main control unit outputs a high-level signal to the control end of the switch tube Q4, the charging circuit is prevented from being in a working state all the time, and power loss is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the charging circuit in this embodiment further includes a resistor R6, a resistor R9, and a resistor R10, where a first end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery U3, a second end of the resistor R6 is connected to a first end of the resistor R1, a first end of the resistor R9 is connected to a second end of the resistor R6, a second end of the resistor R9 is grounded through the resistor R10, and a second end of the resistor R9 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
In this embodiment, the resistor R9 and the resistor R10 form a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage on the resistor R10 is taken as a sampling voltage and sent to the first input end of the main control unit, the main control unit determines the remaining condition of the electric quantity of the storage battery U3 according to the received voltage, when the electric quantity in the storage battery U3 is lower than the set lower limit, the main control unit outputs a low level to the control end of the switching tube Q4, and then the storage battery U3 starts to be charged; when the storage battery U3 reaches a full charge state, the main control unit outputs a high-level signal to the control end of the switching tube Q4, the switching tube Q4 is cut off, the charging circuit stops working, the storage battery U3 is also charged, and overcharge of the storage battery U3 is avoided.
The intelligent direct current power supply system of the embodiment is formed by connecting a plurality of storage batteries U3 in parallel, each storage battery corresponds to an independent charging circuit, the problems existing in the series direct current power supply system are effectively solved, and the reliability, the safety, the convenience and the like of the power supply system are improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment further includes an ac-dc conversion circuit, where the ac-dc conversion circuit includes a rectifying circuit, a filter circuit, a transformer T1, a diode D3, a capacitor C8, an inductor L3, a capacitor C7, and a switching tube Q8, where an ac power grid is sequentially connected to a first input end of the transformer T1 after passing through the rectifying circuit and the filter circuit, a second input end of the transformer T1 is connected to a first end of the switching tube Q8, a control end of the switching tube Q8 is connected to a second output end of the main control unit, a second end of the switching tube Q8 is grounded, a first output end of the transformer T1 is connected to an anode of the diode D3, a cathode of the diode D3 is grounded through the capacitor C8, a cathode of the diode D3 is connected to a first end of the inductor L3, a second end of the inductor L3 is grounded through the capacitor C7, and a second end of the inductor L3 is used as a 12V power supply end.
In this embodiment, the ac/dc conversion circuit is configured to convert the ac grid voltage into 12V dc as the charging voltage of the battery U3.
Specifically, the working principle of the ac-dc conversion circuit is as follows: the ac voltage of the power grid is changed into dc voltage after passing through the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit, but the dc voltage at this time is higher, in order to obtain a suitable dc signal, the filtered high-voltage dc voltage is reduced by the transformer T1 to obtain a 12V dc signal, but in practical application, the ac voltage of the power grid may fluctuate, so as to change the output power of the transformer T1, in order to ensure that the output power of the transformer T1 is adjustable, in this embodiment, a switching tube Q8 is connected in series to the second input end of the transformer T1, the main control unit outputs a PWM control signal to the switching tube Q8, when the PWM control signal is at a high level, the switching tube Q8 is turned on, the transformer T1 outputs a 12V voltage, and when the PWM control signal is at a low level, the switching tube Q8 is turned off, and the output end of the transformer T1 is 0, so as to form a cycle. The output power of the transformer T1 can be controlled by varying the duty ratio of the PWM control signal. In order to make the 12V DC signal more stable, the AC/DC conversion circuit forms a filter circuit for filtering spike pulse in the DC signal output by the transformer T1.
As shown in fig. 2, the ac-dc conversion circuit in this embodiment further includes a resistor R12, a resistor R11, an optocoupler U11, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, and a resistor R15, where a first end of the resistor R12 is connected to a second end of the inductor L3, a second end of the resistor R12 is grounded through the resistor R11, a first input end of the optocoupler U11 is connected to a second end of the resistor R12, a second end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded, a first output end of the optocoupler U11 is connected to a 5V power supply through the resistor R14, a first output end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded through the resistor R15, and a second output end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded through the resistor R13, and a second output end of the optocoupler U11 is connected to a second input end of the master control unit.
When the storage battery U3 is charged, if the power output by the transformer T1 is unstable, the influence can be brought to the storage battery U3, the service life of the storage battery can be influenced after a long time, and for this reason, the resistor R12, the resistor R11, the optocoupler U11, the resistor R13, the resistor R14 and the resistor R15 form a feedback circuit, wherein the resistor R12 and the resistor R11 form a voltage dividing circuit, the divided sampling voltage is sent to the input end of the optocoupler U11, according to the difference of the sampling voltage, the luminous intensity of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler U11 is different, the stronger the luminous intensity of the light emitting diode is, the larger the current flowing through the photocell in the optocoupler U11 is, the larger the voltage on the resistor R13 is, and vice versa, therefore, the main control unit can judge the output power of the transformer T1 according to the voltage on the resistor R13, and the main control unit can automatically adjust the duty ratio of the PWM control signal added to the control end of the switching tube Q8, and accordingly the automatic adjustment of the output power of the transformer T1 is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the DC/DC boost circuit includes an inductor L1, a diode D2, a switching tube Q5 and a capacitor C3, where a first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery U3, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to a first end of the switching tube Q5, a second end of the switching tube Q5 is grounded, a control end of the switching tube Q5 is connected to a third output end of the main control unit, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to an anode of the diode D2, a cathode of the diode D2 is grounded through the capacitor C3, a cathode of the diode D2 is connected to a first power supply end of the load RL, and a second power supply end of the load RL is grounded.
When the power grid load is large or the power is cut off due to faults, the storage battery U3 can boost the low-voltage direct current signal to proper direct current through the DC/DC boosting circuit and then supply power for the load RL, so that the whole power supply system is prevented from being influenced due to the power grid faults.
The DC/DC boost circuit is composed of an inductor L1, a diode D2, a switching tube Q5 and a capacitor C3, when a storage battery U3 supplies power to a load, a third output end of the main control unit outputs a PWM control signal to a control end of the switching tube Q5, when the PWM control signal is high, the switching tube Q5 is conducted, the anode of the storage battery U3 passes through the inductor L1 and the switching tube Q5 and then goes to the ground, the inductor L1 stores energy, when the PWM control signal is low, the switching tube Q5 is cut off, at the moment, the voltage in the storage battery U3 and the voltage in the inductor L1 simultaneously supply power to the load RL, meanwhile, the capacitor C3 charges again, when the PWM is low again, and at the moment, the capacitor C3 discharges to supply power to the load RL, so that circulation is formed, the high-voltage direct-current signal is obtained on the load RL, the time of conducting and cut-off of the switching tube Q5 can be changed by changing the duty ratio of the third output PWM control signal of the third output end of the main control unit, and the energy storage time of the inductor L1 is changed, and the size of the output direct-current voltage is further changed.
As shown in fig. 3, the DC/DC boost circuit in this embodiment further includes a switching tube Q6 and a diode D1, wherein a first end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, a control end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the fourth output end of the main control unit, a second end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1.
The switch tube Q6 forms a discharging switch tube circuit, when the storage battery U3 is required to provide electric energy for the load RL, the main control unit outputs a high-level signal to the control end of the switch tube Q6, the switch tube Q6 is conducted, at the moment, the storage battery U3 can normally supply power, and when the power grid is recovered to be normal or the residual electric quantity of the storage battery U3 is lower than a set value, the main control unit outputs a low level to the control end of the switch tube Q6 so as to prevent the storage battery U3 from being over discharged. Wherein, diode D1 plays the isolation effect, prevents the electric current from flowing backward.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The intelligent direct-current power supply system is characterized by comprising a storage battery U3 and a charging circuit, wherein the charging circuit is connected with the storage battery U3 and comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a voltage stabilizer U4, a silicon controlled rectifier Q7, a silicon controlled rectifier Q3, a triode Q2, a triode Q1, a resistor R2, an operational amplifier U1, a rheostat RP1 and an operational amplifier U2,
the first end of the resistor R1 is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first end of the rheostat RP1, the second end of the rheostat RP1 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the sliding end of the rheostat RP1 is connected with a 12V power supply, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first end of the resistor R1 through the resistor R2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the control electrode of the controllable silicon Q3,
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with a 12V power supply, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the base of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q3, the cathode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q3 is connected with the anode of the storage battery U3, the cathode of the storage battery U3 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the base of the triode Q2, the emitter of the triode Q1 is grounded,
the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the control electrode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q7, the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is connected with a 12V power supply, the cathode of the silicon controlled rectifier Q7 is connected with the anode of the storage battery U3, the first end of the resistor R7 is connected with the 12V power supply, the second end of the resistor R7 is grounded through the resistor R8, the anode of the voltage stabilizer U4 is connected with the 12V power supply, the voltage stabilizer U4 is grounded at the anode, and the control electrode of the voltage stabilizer U4 is connected with the second end of the resistor R7.
2. The intelligent direct current power supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a main control unit and a switching tube Q4, wherein a first end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a 12V power supply, an anode of the thyristor Q7, a collector of the triode Q2 and a sliding end of the varistor RP1 are both connected with a second end of the switching tube Q4, and a control end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a first output end of the main control unit.
3. The intelligent direct current power supply system according to claim 2, wherein the charging circuit further comprises a resistor R6, a resistor R9 and a resistor R10, a first end of the resistor R6 is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, a second end of the resistor R6 is connected with a first end of the resistor R1, a first end of the resistor R9 is connected with a second end of the resistor R6, a second end of the resistor R9 is grounded through the resistor R10, and a second end of the resistor R9 is connected with a first input end of the main control unit.
4. The intelligent direct current power supply system according to claim 2, further comprising an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit, wherein the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit comprises a rectifying circuit, a filter circuit, a transformer T1, a diode D3, a capacitor C8, an inductor L3, a capacitor C7 and a switch tube Q8, an alternating current power grid is sequentially connected with the first input end of the transformer T1 after passing through the rectifying circuit and the filter circuit, the second input end of the transformer T1 is connected with the first end of the switch tube Q8, the control end of the switch tube Q8 is connected with the second output end of the main control unit, the second end of the switch tube Q8 is grounded, the first output end of the transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is grounded through the capacitor C8, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the first end of the inductor L3, the second end of the inductor L3 is grounded through the capacitor C7, and the second end of the inductor L3 is used as a 12V power supply end.
5. The intelligent direct current power supply system according to claim 4, wherein the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit further comprises a resistor R12, a resistor R11, an optocoupler U11, a resistor R13, a resistor R14 and a resistor R15, wherein a first end of the resistor R12 is connected with a second end of the inductor L3, a second end of the resistor R12 is grounded through the resistor R11, a first input end of the optocoupler U11 is connected with a second end of the resistor R12, a second end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded, a first output end of the optocoupler U11 is connected with a 5V power supply through the resistor R14, a first output end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded through the resistor R15, a second output end of the optocoupler U11 is grounded through the resistor R13, and a second output end of the optocoupler U11 is connected with a second input end of the master control unit.
6. The intelligent direct current power supply system according to claim 2, wherein the DC/DC boost circuit comprises an inductor L1, a diode D2, a switching tube Q5 and a capacitor C3, a first end of the inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U3, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the switching tube Q5, a second end of the switching tube Q5 is grounded, a control end of the switching tube Q5 is connected to a third output end of the main control unit, a second end of the inductor L1 is connected to an anode of the diode D2, a cathode of the diode D2 is grounded through the capacitor C3, a cathode of the diode D2 is connected to a first power supply end of the load RL, and a second power supply end of the load RL is grounded.
7. The intelligent direct current power supply system according to claim 6, wherein the DC/DC boost circuit further comprises a switching tube Q6 and a diode D1, a first end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery U3, a control end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the fourth output end of the main control unit, a second end of the switching tube Q6 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the inductor L1.
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| CN202311019780.XA CN116995780A (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2023-08-14 | Intelligent direct-current power supply system |
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| CN202311019780.XA CN116995780A (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2023-08-14 | Intelligent direct-current power supply system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117498498A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-02 | 瑞安达光电科技有限公司 | Wind and solar hybrid microgrid system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117498498A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-02 | 瑞安达光电科技有限公司 | Wind and solar hybrid microgrid system |
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