Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the preparation method of the memantine hydrochloride, which has the advantages of raw materials of commercial general chemicals, high yield, low synthesis cost, application of active catalyst catalysis, short reaction route and time and small harm to human bodies.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The preparation method of memantine hydrochloride comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Dissolving halogenated dimethyl adamantane in anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide, adding silver oxide and triethylamine, heating, introducing ammonia gas for ammoniation, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and suction filtering to obtain filtrate;
(2) And cooling the filtrate to room temperature, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, stirring at room temperature, filtering, and drying the filter cake to obtain memantine hydrochloride.
The reaction equation is shown in formula I:
preferably, in the step (1), the temperature is 80-85 ℃ and the pressure is 0.5MPa when ammonia gas is introduced.
Preferably, in the step (1), the reaction time is 5 to 6 hours.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the halogenated dimethyl adamantane to the anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide=1:4.5-5.5.
Preferably, in the step (1), the molar ratio of the halogenated dimethyl adamantane to the triethylamine=1:1.0-1.1.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the halogenated dimethyl adamantane to the silver oxide is 1:0.01-0.05.
Preferably, in step (1), the halogenated dimethyladamantane is 1-chloro-3, 5-dimethyladamantane or 1-bromo-3, 5-dimethyladamantane.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the halogenated dimethyl adamantane to the concentrated hydrochloric acid=1:5-6, and the concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 35% -38%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring time is 1h.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention provides a new method for preparing memantine hydrochloride, which avoids using reagents such as acetonitrile, diethyl ether and the like which have great harm to the environment and human bodies in a synthetic route, and the solvent used in the method is basically nontoxic, the raw materials are common, the toxicity is low, the price is low, and the production cost is low;
(2) The method has the advantages of short synthetic route, simple and easy operation by using the active catalyst, no need of purification, reduced operation steps, high product stability, no high pollution gas and byproducts in the production process, relative safety and environmental protection, and suitability for large-scale industrial production;
(3) The method has the advantages that the purity and the yield of the product are improved through the reaction temperature and the pressure and the used reagent when ammonia gas is introduced through a sieving gate, the reaction temperature is higher than 85 ℃, byproducts are increased, the reaction time is lower than 80 ℃, impurities are easy to generate when the pressure is higher than 0.5MPa, the reaction is slow or the reaction is not performed when the pressure is lower than 0.5MPa, and the yield and the purity of the final product are lower than those of the reagents used in the method. The total yield of the final product prepared by the method can reach more than 80 percent, and the purity can reach more than 98 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, wherein the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid used in the examples is 36%, and the details are not described in detail below.
Example 1
Anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (995.5 g) and 1-chloro-3, 5-dimethyl adamantane (199 g) are added into an autoclave, silver oxide (2.13 g) and triethylamine (101.8 g) are added in a dark place, then the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, ammonia gas is introduced for 5.5 hours, after the reaction is finished, the ammonia gas is stopped, the temperature is reduced, the suction filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (1000 g) is added after the filtrate is cooled, the suction filtration is carried out after the filtrate is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, 178g of memantine hydrochloride is obtained after the filter cake is dried, the yield is 82.4%, and the purity is 98.2%. The obtained product has a color state of white powder, and a melting point :292℃.1H-NMR(CDC13):0.85(s,6H),1.15(m,2H),1.26(q,J=12.5Hz,4H),1.65(d,J=11.5Hz,4H),1.85(s,2H),8.27(s,3H).
Example 2
Anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (899.6 g) and 1-chloro-3, 5-dimethyl adamantane (199 g) are added into an autoclave, silver oxide (5.97 g) and triethylamine (110.9 g) are added in a dark place, then the temperature is raised to 85 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, ammonia gas is introduced for reaction for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, the ammonia gas is stopped, the temperature is reduced, suction filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (1095 g) is added after the filtrate is cooled, suction filtration is carried out after stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, and a filter cake is dried to obtain 181g of memantine hydrochloride, the yield is 83.9%, and the purity is 98.4%.
Example 3
Anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (1091.2 g) and 1-chloro-3, 5-dimethyl adamantane (199 g) are added into an autoclave, silver oxide (9.91 g) and triethylamine (105.6 g) are added in a dark place, then the temperature is raised to 83 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, ammonia gas is introduced for reaction for 6 hours, after the reaction is finished, the ammonia gas is stopped, the temperature is reduced, suction filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (1191 g) is added after the filtrate is cooled, suction filtration is carried out after stirring at room temperature for 1h, and 183g of memantine hydrochloride is obtained after the filter cake is dried, the yield is 84.8%, and the purity is 98.5%.
Example 4
Anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (1095.4 g) and 1-bromo-3, 5-dimethyl adamantane (243 g) are added into an autoclave, silver oxide (3.25 g) and triethylamine (102.102 g) are added in a dark place, then the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, ammonia gas is introduced for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, the ammonia gas is stopped, the temperature is reduced, the suction filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (1220 g) is added after the filtrate is cooled, the suction filtration is carried out after the filtrate is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, 180g of memantine hydrochloride is obtained after the filter cake is dried, the yield is 83.4%, and the purity is 98.4%.
Example 5
Anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (1331.2 g) and 1-bromo-3, 5-dimethyl adamantane (243 g) are added into an autoclave, silver oxide (11.92 g) and triethylamine (110.5 g) are added in a dark place, then the temperature is raised to 85 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, ammonia gas is introduced for 6 hours, after the reaction is finished, the ammonia gas is stopped, the temperature is reduced, the suction filtration is carried out to obtain filtrate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (1450 g) is added after the filtrate is cooled, the suction filtration is carried out after the filtrate is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, 177g of memantine hydrochloride is obtained after the filter cake is dried, the yield is 82.1%, and the purity is 98.3%.
Example 6
Anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide (1215.5 g) and 1-bromo-3, 5-dimethyl adamantane (243 g) are added into an autoclave, silver oxide (8.55 g) and triethylamine (105.9 g) are added in a dark place, then the temperature is raised to 82 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5MPa, ammonia gas is introduced for 5.5 hours, after the reaction is finished, the ammonia gas is stopped, the temperature is reduced, the filtrate is obtained by suction filtration, concentrated hydrochloric acid (1337 g) is added after the filtrate is cooled, the filtrate is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, the suction filtration is carried out, the filter cake is dried, and 175g of memantine hydrochloride is obtained, the yield is 81.1%, and the purity is 98.1%.
Comparative example 1 temperature and pressure screening
1.1 Temperature screening
This comparative example provides a process for the preparation of memantine hydrochloride, which differs from example 1 in that the reaction temperature in example 1 is independently varied, and the other is the same as in example 1, and the product yield and purity are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 purity of product yield
In the whole experimental process, the reaction time is prolonged when the temperature is lower than 80 ℃, the yield is reduced, byproducts are increased when the temperature is higher than 85 ℃, the purity is influenced, and therefore, the optimal reaction temperature of memantine hydrochloride is 80-85 ℃.
1.2 Pressure screening
This comparative example provides a process for the preparation of memantine hydrochloride, which differs from example 1 in that the reaction pressure in example 1 is independently varied, and the other is the same as in example 1, and the product yield and purity are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 purity of product yield
In the whole experimental process, the pressure is lower than 0.5MPa, the reaction time can be prolonged even the reaction is not carried out, the temperature is higher than 0.5MPa, byproducts can be increased to influence the purity of the product, and therefore, the reaction pressure of the memantine hydrochloride is controlled to be 0.5MPa. Comparative example 2 screening of catalyst, acid-binding agent, reaction solvent
2.1 Screening of catalysts
This comparative example provides a process for the preparation of memantine hydrochloride, which differs from example 1 in that the type of catalyst used in example 1 is changed separately, and the other is the same as in example 1, and the product yield and purity are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 purity of product yield
2.2 Screening of acid binding Agents
This comparative example provides a process for the preparation of memantine hydrochloride, which differs from example 1 in that the type of acid binding agent used in example 1 is independently changed, and the other is the same as in example 1, and the yield and purity of the product are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 purity of product yield
2.3 Screening of reaction solvents
This comparative example provides a process for the preparation of memantine hydrochloride, which differs from example 1 in that the anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide as the reaction solvent in example 1 is replaced by dimethyl sulfoxide, and otherwise is identical to example 1, with a final product yield of 76.2% and a purity of 97.3%.
In conclusion, the change of the catalyst, the acid binding agent and the reaction solvent can reduce the yield of the product to a certain extent, generate impurities and influence the purity of the product. Therefore, the invention selects silver oxide as a catalyst, triethylamine as an acid binding agent and anhydrous N, N-dimethylformamide as a reaction solvent to prepare the memantine hydrochloride.
The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to only the above-described embodiments. Various substitutions and alterations are made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, and all such substitutions and alterations are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.