CN116930652A - Public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy saving effect monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical fields of energy monitoring and energy saving and environmental protection, and specifically to a public building energy consumption monitoring system and an energy saving effect monitoring method. It includes steps such as building system architecture, obtaining user list, data calculation, data comparison, data analysis, and energy-saving countermeasures. The design of this invention relies on the Internet of Things, big data analysis and other technologies, combined with energy consumption indicator requirements, to effectively and accurately ensure dynamic data information transmission and analysis, and realize dynamic real-time monitoring of public building energy consumption; an energy consumption monitoring system will be applied Compare the energy consumption information of public buildings with the energy consumption of public buildings without energy consumption monitoring systems to facilitate timely discovery of energy consumption problems in public buildings. At the same time, targeted energy-saving monitoring and energy-saving transformation can be carried out to better It ensures the working efficiency of the public building energy consumption monitoring system and accurate energy saving monitoring. It can also better monitor the energy saving effect of the public energy consumption monitoring system and promote energy saving and emission reduction in public buildings.

Description

A public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy-saving effect monitoring method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical fields of energy monitoring and energy saving and environmental protection, and specifically to a public building energy consumption monitoring system and an energy saving effect monitoring method.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economy, building energy consumption accounts for an increasing proportion of energy resource consumption. According to relevant statistics, the energy directly consumed by my country's buildings during the construction and use process has accounted for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the whole society. The energy consumption of public buildings has increased significantly and shows great energy-saving potential.

In recent years, public building energy consumption monitoring systems have achieved rapid development, but there are still some difficulties that need to be solved in practical applications. First, most energy consumption monitoring systems adopt CS system architecture, which is relatively backward and requires client installation. It has poor flexibility, narrow user applicability, and high system upgrade and maintenance costs. Second, the system platform can only simply display energy consumption data, and lacks the collection and analysis of non-main data such as building area, equipment operating time, and meteorological data, and lacks overall management and statistical analysis of data. These problems will affect the accuracy of evaluating the current status of building energy consumption and energy consumption development trends, leading to inaccurate building energy consumption data statistics.

Developing a public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy-saving effect monitoring can help the building energy management department timely grasp the building energy consumption operation level, tap energy-saving potential, and improve the building energy management level. We propose a public building energy consumption monitoring system and Energy saving effect monitoring method.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a public building energy consumption monitoring system and an energy-saving effect monitoring method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

In order to solve the above technical problems, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring the energy consumption and energy saving effect of public buildings, which includes the following steps:

S1. Build system architecture: including bottom-up application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture;

S2. Obtain the user list: Extract the regional public building energy monitoring list, the potential energy-saving public building user list, and the non-working time energy usage abnormal list through the data center;

S3. Data calculation: Organize and analyze the collected energy consumption information, use the steady-state calculation method in monthly calculation units, establish the heat balance equation of public buildings, determine the heating and cooling needs of public buildings, and treat the interior of the building as a unified As a whole, the temperature distribution in each area inside the building is even. The above calculation methods are combined to calculate the energy consumption range of public building energy consumption information;

S4. Data comparison: Based on the query statistics of the energy consumption information of the public building energy consumption monitoring system and the unused public building energy consumption monitoring system, compare the energy consumption difference between the two, and calculate the difference between the energy consumption difference and the total energy consumption. ratio;

S5. Data analysis: Define public buildings or specific areas within buildings with large energy consumption values as substandard, conduct energy-saving investigations and formulate renovation strategies; carry out targeted energy-saving renovations for buildings or specific areas within buildings that do not meet standards;

S6. Energy-saving countermeasures: Based on the previous data analysis results and the gap between the energy consumption of public buildings and energy consumption standards, energy-saving measures are formulated.

As a further improvement of this technical solution, in S2, establishing the heat balance equation of public buildings includes:

QH/C＝QT+QV-η×(QS+QI)

In the formula: QH/C is the heating/cooling demand, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QT is the heat transfer/cold loss of the envelope structure, including the cumulative value of heat transfer losses of all envelope structures and thermal blocks, kW ·h/(m ² ·a); QV is ventilation heat loss, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QS is solar radiation heat gain, taking a positive value in the heating season and a negative value in the cooling season, kW·h/ (m ² ·a); QI is the internal heat gain, kW·h/(m ² ·a); eta is the free heat gain utilization coefficient;

Based on the above formula, determine the heating and cooling needs of public buildings, treat the interior of the building as a unified whole, and have uniform temperature distribution in each area of the building, and combine the above calculation methods to calculate the energy consumption range for statistical public building energy consumption information;

The calculation formula for each heat gain and loss is as follows:

QT＝A×U×ft×Gt

QV＝W×ninf×Cpp×Gt

QS＝r×g×AW×G

QI＝theat×qi×AIFA

In the formula: A is the area of the envelope structure, m ² ; U is the U value of the envelope structure, W/(m ² ·K); ft is the temperature reduction coefficient; Gt is the heating degree hours, h; W is the ventilation volume , m ³ ; ninf is the number of infiltration ventilation times; Cpp is the air heat capacity; r is the reduction coefficient; g is the solar heat gain coefficient of the glass; AW is the window area, m ² ; G is the annual radiation amount, kW·h; theat is the number of heating days, d; qi is the internal heat gain per square meter, kW·h; AIFA is the TFA area, m ² .

As a further improvement of this technical solution, the specific energy-saving countermeasures in S6 include the following:

(1) Real-time early warning: The public building energy consumption monitoring system can monitor leakage current, fire protection equipment and important load power supply status, and the operating status of power supply and distribution equipment in real time, and issue alarms based on the event level to remind operation and maintenance personnel to deal with it and ensure personal safety. and property security;

(2) Operation monitoring: The public building energy consumption monitoring system monitors the current, voltage, power, electric energy, residual current, cable and bus operating temperature of each circuit of the substation in real time, the power status of fire protection equipment and important equipment, and each power distribution loop;

(3) Energy consumption analysis: The public building energy consumption monitoring system supports classified and itemized energy consumption data statistics and analysis functions, which can collect electricity, water, gas and other energy consumption situations; it can realize branch energy consumption, regional energy consumption, departmental energy consumption, etc. Energy consumption data tracking facilitates data statistical analysis and ultimately forms an energy consumption monitoring report;

(4) Power quality analysis: The public building energy consumption monitoring system can realize the quality monitoring function of important circuits or circuits sensitive to power quality;

(5) Historical event viewing and statistics: Through the public building energy consumption monitoring system, you can freely query the power consumption of each power distribution node in any time period since the normal operation of the system, and analyze the power consumption of the incoming lines of the station and each branch circuit. Statistical analysis report of power consumption; ensures that power consumption is visible and transparent, and can be analyzed and traced when the power consumption error is too large to maintain the accuracy of the measurement system.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a public building energy consumption monitoring system for realizing the above-mentioned public building energy consumption and energy-saving effect monitoring method, using a layer-by-layer driven method from application architecture and data architecture to technical architecture to conduct overall Architecture design, including bottom-up application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture; including:

The application architecture is based on the business architecture and clearly and accurately defines the application scope, functions and modules from the perspective of system functional requirements;

Data architecture is based on business architecture and accurately defines data classification, data sources, data deployment, etc. from the perspective of system data requirements;

The technical architecture is based on application architecture and data architecture, and based on information technology development trends and corresponding practical experience, it proposes the overall technical implementation plan and physical deployment methods of software and hardware from the perspective of specific system implementation.

As a further improvement of this technical solution, the application architecture includes a data and information management module, an analysis display module, an information service module and a background management and control module;

The data and information management module is used to obtain data and other information about public buildings and classify, store and manage it; the data and information management module is linked to a data collection software subsystem, a data processing subsystem, a data reporting subsystem, Data receiving subsystem and data management subsystem;

The analysis and display module is used to calculate, analyze and display data and other information; the analysis and display module is linked to a data analysis and display subsystem;

The information service module is used to serve various business processes with calculation and analysis results of data;

The background management and control module is used to monitor and manage the application process of various information data in the background.

As a further improvement of this technical solution, the data architecture includes a data receiving module, a data screening module, a data calculation module, a data storage module and a data interaction module;

The data receiving module is used to obtain required data from multiple data sources;

The data screening module is used to screen and screen the acquired data and eliminate invalid, erroneous or missing dirty data;

The data calculation module is used to calculate and analyze the screened effective data using a preset algorithm process;

The data storage module is used to classify and store the acquired effective data and calculated useful data; the data storage module is a database module; the database module is linked to a classified and itemized energy consumption library unit and a design and installation library unit. , the original database unit of the meter and other database data units;

The data interaction module is used to interactively compare, analyze and apply various data to business processes of other related architectures.

As a further improvement of this technical solution, the technical architecture is also called the presentation layer, which allows different roles in society to analyze the energy consumption data information of public buildings based on their actual needs, and includes a permission login management module; The permission login module is linked to the business personnel subsystem, researcher subsystem, system administrator subsystem, etc., which are used to implement interactive applications with the business architecture.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a data computing platform device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and run on the processor. The processor is used to implement the above-mentioned public building energy efficiency when executing the computer program. Consumption monitoring system and energy saving effect monitoring method steps.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy saving are implemented. Steps in the effectiveness monitoring method.

Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention proposes a public building energy consumption monitoring system that relies on Internet of Things technology, power parameter sensing technology, automation technology, cloud computing, big data analysis and other technologies, combined with energy consumption index requirements, to effectively and accurately ensure dynamic data information. Transmission and analysis to achieve dynamic real-time monitoring of public building energy consumption;

2. The present invention also proposes a method for monitoring the energy consumption and energy-saving effect of public buildings, which compares the energy consumption information of public buildings with an energy consumption monitoring system applied and the energy consumption of public buildings without an energy consumption monitoring system, so as to facilitate timely discovery of public buildings. Existing energy consumption problems, while carrying out targeted energy-saving monitoring and energy-saving transformation, can better ensure the efficiency of the public building energy consumption monitoring system, accurate energy-saving monitoring, and also better monitor the performance of the public energy consumption monitoring system. Energy-saving effect, promote energy conservation and emission reduction in public buildings.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of an exemplary public building energy consumption and energy-saving effect monitoring method in the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application architecture in the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary data architecture in the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary technical architecture in the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary building energy consumption analysis based on public building energy consumption information in the present invention;

Figure 6 is a structural diagram of an exemplary electronic computer platform device in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

The purpose of this technical solution is to provide a public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy-saving effect monitoring method. It mainly uses Internet of Things technology, power parameter sensing technology, automation technology, cloud computing, big data analysis and other technologies to change the configuration of public buildings. The operation of electrical equipment, the consumption of different types of energy, the operation of production organizations, and the expenditure of energy costs are dynamically monitored. Through data analysis and data mining, it helps the Yuxi government understand the energy and cost consumption of public buildings and the operating status of equipment. , quantifying the energy utilization gap at all levels; at the same time, it provides basic data and support for improving energy and equipment utilization efficiency in public buildings, tapping energy-saving potential, and providing direction for the improvement of energy-saving technology.

As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a method for monitoring the energy consumption and energy-saving effect of public buildings, including the following steps:

S1. Build system architecture: including bottom-up application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture;

S2. Obtain the user list: Extract the regional public building energy monitoring list, the potential energy-saving public building user list, and the non-working time energy usage abnormal list through the data center;

S3. Data calculation: Organize and analyze the collected energy consumption information, use the steady-state calculation method in monthly calculation units, establish the heat balance equation of public buildings, determine the heating and cooling needs of public buildings, and treat the interior of the building as a unified As a whole, the temperature distribution in each area inside the building is even. The above calculation methods are combined to calculate the energy consumption range of public building energy consumption information;

S4. Data comparison: Based on the query statistics of the energy consumption information of the public building energy consumption monitoring system and the unused public building energy consumption monitoring system, compare the energy consumption difference between the two, and calculate the difference between the energy consumption difference and the total energy consumption. ratio;

S5. Data analysis: Define public buildings or specific areas within buildings with large energy consumption values as substandard, conduct energy-saving investigations and formulate renovation strategies; carry out targeted energy-saving renovations for buildings or specific areas within buildings that do not meet standards;

S6. Energy-saving countermeasures: Based on the previous data analysis results and the gap between the energy consumption of public buildings and energy consumption standards, energy-saving measures are formulated.

Specifically, taking the energy consumption of regional public buildings in Yuxi City as an example, the above method can be refined into:

Step 1. Construct the presentation layer of the public building energy consumption monitoring system. Different roles can analyze the energy consumption data information of public buildings based on their actual needs; the presentation layer includes the authorized login management module; the authorized login module has business personnel sub-links System, researcher subsystem, system administrator subsystem, etc.;

Step 2. Construct an application layer of the public building energy consumption monitoring system for energy consumption data information processing, display, and data information monitoring. In the application layer, each function can be regarded as an independent system module. When designing the application layer module, It should ensure that each processing module is relatively independent, reduce mutual interference between each module, and pave the way for subsequent energy consumption data information processing; the application layer includes a data and information management module, an analysis display module, an information service module and a background management and control module; The data and information management module is linked to the data collection software subsystem, data processing subsystem, data reporting subsystem, data receiving subsystem and data management subsystem; the analysis and display module is linked to the data analysis and display subsystem;

Step 3. Construct the data layer of the public building energy consumption monitoring system; realize the acquisition and transmission of first-hand energy consumption data information, and classify the collected energy consumption data information. The data layer includes a database module; the link on the database module has classification points. Item energy consumption library unit, design and installation library unit, meter original database unit and other library data units;

Step 4. Based on the public building energy consumption monitoring system constructed above the above steps, collect energy consumption data information of public buildings in Yuxi City;

Step 5. Organize and analyze the collected energy consumption information of Yuxi public buildings, and use the steady-state calculation method on a monthly basis to establish the heat balance equation of public buildings;

In this step, establishing the heat balance equation for public buildings includes:

QH/C＝QT+QV-η×(QS+QI)

In the formula: QH/C is the heating/cooling demand, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QT is the heat transfer/cold loss of the envelope structure, including the cumulative value of heat transfer losses of all envelope structures and thermal blocks, kW ·h/(m ² ·a); QV is ventilation heat loss, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QS is solar radiation heat gain, taking a positive value in the heating season and a negative value in the cooling season, kW·h/ (m ² ·a); QI is the internal heat gain, kW·h/(m ² ·a); eta is the free heat gain utilization coefficient;

Based on the above formula, the cooling and heating needs of public buildings in Yuxi City are determined. The interior of the building is treated as a unified whole. The temperature distribution in each area within the building is even. The above calculation method is combined to calculate the energy consumption range of the statistical public building energy consumption information, as shown in the figure. As shown in 5;

The calculation formula for each heat gain and loss is as follows:

QT＝A×U×ft×Gt

QV＝W×ninf×Cpp×Gt

QS＝r×g×AW×G

QI＝theat×qi×AIFA

In the formula: A is the area of the envelope structure, m ² ; U is the U value of the envelope structure, W/(m ² ·K); ft is the temperature reduction coefficient; Gt is the heating degree hours, h; W is the ventilation volume , m ³ ; ninf is the number of infiltration ventilation times; Cpp is the air heat capacity; r is the reduction coefficient; g is the solar heat gain coefficient of the glass; AW is the window area, m ² ; G is the annual radiation amount, kW·h; theat is the number of heating days, d; qi is the internal heat gain per square meter, kW·h; AIFA is the TFA area, m ² .

Step 6. Use the system to query and count the energy consumption information of the building before the application of the public building energy consumption monitoring system, calculate the energy consumption difference before and after the application, and calculate the ratio of the energy consumption difference to the total energy consumption;

Step 7. Compare the theoretical value with the actual energy consumption reduction rate, and select the corresponding area inside the public building for further detection and analysis based on the difference;

Step 8. Define public buildings or specific areas within the building with large differences as substandard, and conduct an energy-saving investigation and formulation of renovation strategies;

Step 9. Combined with energy-saving renovation strategies, carry out targeted energy-saving renovations for public buildings or specific areas within buildings that do not meet standards;

In this step, the energy-saving renovation of public buildings is compatible with the existing energy consumption monitoring system. Specific energy-saving countermeasures include the following:

(1) Real-time early warning: The public building energy consumption monitoring system can monitor leakage current, fire protection equipment and important load power supply status, and the operating status of power supply and distribution equipment in real time, and issue alarms based on the event level to remind operation and maintenance personnel to deal with it and ensure personal safety. and property security;

(2) Operation monitoring: The public building energy consumption monitoring system monitors the current, voltage, power, electric energy, residual current, cable and bus operating temperature of each circuit of the substation in real time, the power status of fire protection equipment and important equipment, and each power distribution loop;

(3) Energy consumption analysis: The public building energy consumption monitoring system supports classified and itemized energy consumption data statistics and analysis functions, which can collect electricity, water, gas and other energy consumption situations; it can realize branch energy consumption, regional energy consumption, departmental energy consumption, etc. Energy consumption data tracking facilitates data statistical analysis and ultimately forms an energy consumption monitoring report;

(4) Power quality analysis: The public building energy consumption monitoring system can realize the quality monitoring function of important circuits or circuits sensitive to power quality;

(5) Historical event viewing and statistics: Through the public building energy consumption monitoring system, you can freely query the power consumption of each power distribution node in any time period since the normal operation of the system, and analyze the power consumption of the incoming lines of the station and each branch circuit. Statistical analysis report of power consumption; ensures that power consumption is visible and transparent, and can be analyzed and traced when the power consumption error is too large to maintain the accuracy of the measurement system.

As shown in Figures 2 to 4, this embodiment also provides a public building energy consumption monitoring system for implementing the above public building energy consumption and energy saving effect monitoring method. In the overall architecture design process, the planning and design follows the "business-driven " principle; the system includes three layers: bottom-up application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture. There are multiple iterations in each architecture domain during the design process; among them:

The application architecture is based on the business architecture and clearly and accurately defines the application scope, functions and modules from the perspective of system functional requirements;

Data architecture is based on business architecture and accurately defines data classification, data sources, data deployment, etc. from the perspective of system data requirements;

The technical architecture is based on application architecture and data architecture, and based on information technology development trends and corresponding practical experience, it proposes the overall technical implementation plan and physical deployment methods of software and hardware from the perspective of specific system implementation.

Among them, through the planning and design of application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture, it provides a tangible and scientific method for the construction from business to system, and provides basis and guidance for the preparation of technical solutions. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, this technical solution is designed in detail around the architectural requirements from the aspects of application architecture, data architecture, and technical architecture.

In this embodiment, the application architecture includes a data and information management module, an analysis and display module, an information service module and a backend management and control module;

The data and information management module is used to obtain data and other information about public buildings, classify, store and manage it; the data and information management module is linked to a data collection software subsystem, a data processing subsystem, a data reporting subsystem, and a data receiving subsystem. and data management subsystem;

The analysis and display module is used to calculate, analyze and display data and other information; the analysis and display module is linked to the data analysis and display subsystem;

The information service module is used to serve data calculation and analysis results for various business processes;

The background management and control module is used to monitor and manage the application process of various information data in the background.

Further, the data architecture includes a data receiving module, a data screening module, a data computing module, a data storage module and a data interaction module;

The data receiving module is used to obtain the required data from multiple data sources;

The data screening module is used to screen the acquired data and eliminate invalid, incorrect or missing dirty data;

The data calculation module is used to calculate and analyze the screened effective data using preset algorithm processes;

The data storage module is used to classify and store the acquired effective data and calculated useful data; the data storage module is the database module; the database module is linked to the classified and itemized energy consumption library unit, the design and installation library unit, and the meter original database unit. and other library data units;

The data interaction module is used to interactively compare, analyze, and apply various data to other related architecture business processes.

Furthermore, the technical architecture is also called the presentation layer, which allows different roles in society to analyze the energy consumption data of public buildings based on their actual needs. It includes a permission login management module; the permission login module is linked to the business personnel sub-assembly. System, researcher subsystem, system administrator subsystem, etc., are used to implement interactive applications with the business architecture.

This plan uses the energy consumption information of the public building energy consumption monitoring system to compare with the energy consumption before the system is applied. It can timely detect problems such as excessive building energy consumption, and formulate targeted energy-saving monitoring and energy-saving renovation measures, which can better It can effectively ensure the working efficiency and accurate monitoring of the public building energy consumption monitoring system, and at the same time, it can also better monitor the energy-saving effect of the public building energy consumption monitoring system.

As shown in Figure 6, this embodiment also provides a data computing platform device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and run on the processor.

The processor includes one or more processing cores. The processor is connected to the memory through a bus. The memory is used to store program instructions. When the processor executes the program instructions in the memory, the steps of the above-mentioned public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy-saving effect monitoring method are implemented. .

Optionally, the memory can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or their combination, such as static anytime access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Erase programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

In addition, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy-saving effect monitoring method are implemented.

Optionally, the present invention also provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the steps of the above-mentioned public building energy consumption monitoring system and energy-saving effect monitoring method.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the process of implementing all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be completed by hardware, or can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. As mentioned above, The storage medium can be read-only memory, magnetic disk or optical disk, etc.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Under the premise, there will be various changes and improvements in the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. A method for monitoring the energy consumption and energy-saving effect of public buildings, which is characterized by including the following steps: S1. Build system architecture: including bottom-up application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture; S2. Obtain the user list: Extract the regional public building energy monitoring list, the potential energy-saving public building user list, and the non-working time energy usage abnormal list through the data center; S3. Data calculation: Organize and analyze the collected energy consumption information, use the steady-state calculation method in monthly calculation units, establish the heat balance equation of public buildings, determine the heating and cooling needs of public buildings, and treat the interior of the building as a unified As a whole, the temperature distribution in each area inside the building is even. The above calculation methods are combined to calculate the energy consumption range of public building energy consumption information; S4. Data comparison: Based on the query statistics of the energy consumption information of the public building energy consumption monitoring system and the unused public building energy consumption monitoring system, compare the energy consumption difference between the two, and calculate the difference between the energy consumption difference and the total energy consumption. ratio; S5. Data analysis: Define public buildings or specific areas within buildings with large energy consumption values as substandard, conduct energy-saving investigations and formulate renovation strategies; carry out targeted energy-saving renovations for buildings or specific areas within buildings that do not meet standards; S6. Energy-saving countermeasures: Based on the previous data analysis results and the gap between the energy consumption of public buildings and energy consumption standards, energy-saving measures are formulated. 2. The method for monitoring energy consumption and energy-saving effect of public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S2, establishing the heat balance equation of public buildings includes: QH/C＝Qt+QV-η×(QS+QI) In the formula: QH/C is the heating/cooling demand, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QT is the heat transfer/cold loss of the envelope structure, including the cumulative value of heat transfer losses of all envelope structures and thermal blocks, kW ² ; QV is ventilation heat loss, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QS is solar radiation heat gain, taking positive values in the heating season and negative values in the cooling season, kW·h/(m ² ·a); QI is the internal heat gain, kW·h/(m ² ·a); eta is the free heat gain utilization coefficient; Based on the above formula, determine the heating and cooling needs of public buildings, treat the interior of the building as a unified whole, and have uniform temperature distribution in each area of the building, and combine the above calculation methods to calculate the energy consumption range for statistical public building energy consumption information; The calculation formula for each heat gain and loss is as follows: QT＝A×U×ft×Gt QV＝W×ninf×Cpp×Gt QS＝r×g×AW×G QI＝theat×qi×AIFA In the formula: A is the area of the envelope structure, m ² ; U is the U value of the envelope structure, W/(m ² ·K); ft is the temperature reduction coefficient; Gt is the heating hours, h; w is the ventilation volume , m ³ ; ninf is the number of infiltration ventilation times; Cpp is the air heat capacity; r is the reduction coefficient; h is the solar heat gain coefficient of the glass; AW is the window area, m ² ; G is the annual radiation amount, kW·h; theat is the number of heating days, d; qi is the internal heat gain per square meter, kW·h; AIFA is the TFA area, m ² . 3. The method for monitoring energy consumption and energy-saving effects of public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in said S6, specific energy-saving countermeasures include the following: (1) Real-time early warning: The public building energy consumption monitoring system can monitor leakage current, fire protection equipment and important load power supply status, and the operating status of power supply and distribution equipment in real time, and issue alarms based on the event level to remind operation and maintenance personnel to deal with it and ensure personal safety. and property security; (2) Operation monitoring: The public building energy consumption monitoring system monitors the current, voltage, power, electric energy, residual current, cable and bus operating temperature of each circuit of the substation in real time, the power status of fire protection equipment and important equipment, and each power distribution loop; (3) Energy consumption analysis: The public building energy consumption monitoring system supports classified and itemized energy consumption data statistics and analysis functions, which can collect electricity, water, gas and other energy consumption situations; it can realize branch energy consumption, regional energy consumption, departmental energy consumption, etc. Energy consumption data tracking facilitates data statistical analysis and ultimately forms an energy consumption monitoring report; (4) Power quality analysis: The public building energy consumption monitoring system can realize the quality monitoring function of important circuits or circuits sensitive to power quality; (5) Historical event viewing and statistics: Through the public building energy consumption monitoring system, you can freely query the power consumption of each power distribution node in any time period since the normal operation of the system, and analyze the power consumption of the incoming lines of the station and each branch circuit. Statistical analysis report of power consumption; ensures that power consumption is visible and transparent, and can be analyzed and traced when the power consumption error is too large to maintain the accuracy of the measurement system. 4. A public building energy consumption monitoring system, used to implement the public building energy consumption and energy-saving effect monitoring method described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: it is driven layer by layer from application architecture and data architecture to technical architecture. The overall architecture design is carried out using the method, including bottom-up application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture; among which: The application architecture is based on the business architecture and clearly and accurately defines the application scope, functions and modules from the perspective of system functional requirements; Data architecture is based on business architecture and accurately defines data classification, data sources and data deployment from the perspective of system data requirements; The technical architecture is based on application architecture and data architecture, and based on information technology development trends and corresponding practical experience, it proposes the overall technical implementation plan and physical deployment methods of software and hardware from the perspective of specific system implementation. 5. The public building energy consumption monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the application architecture includes a data and information management module, an analysis display module, an information service module and a background management and control module; The data and information management module is used to obtain data and other information about public buildings and classify, store and manage it; the data and information management module is linked to a data collection software subsystem, a data processing subsystem, a data reporting subsystem, Data receiving subsystem and data management subsystem; The analysis and display module is used to calculate, analyze and display data and other information; the analysis and display module is linked to a data analysis and display subsystem; The information service module is used to serve various business processes with calculation and analysis results of data; The background management and control module is used to monitor and manage the application process of various information data in the background. 6. The public building energy consumption monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the data architecture includes a data receiving module, a data screening module, a data calculation module, a data storage module and a data interaction module; The data receiving module is used to obtain required data from multiple data sources; The data screening module is used to screen and screen the acquired data and eliminate invalid, erroneous or missing dirty data; The data calculation module is used to calculate and analyze the screened effective data using a preset algorithm process; The data storage module is used to classify and store the acquired effective data and calculated useful data; the data storage module is a database module; the database module is linked to a classified and itemized energy consumption library unit and a design and installation library unit. , the original database unit of the meter and other database data units; The data interaction module is used to interactively compare, analyze and apply various data to business processes of other related architectures. 7. The public building energy consumption monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the technical architecture is also called the presentation layer, which enables different roles in society to combine their actual needs to provide public building energy consumption data information. For analysis, it includes a permission login management module; the permission login module is linked to a business personnel subsystem, a researcher subsystem, and a system administrator subsystem to implement interactive applications with the business architecture.