CN116919468B - Peripheral blood vessel tension measuring method and device based on ultrasound - Google Patents
Peripheral blood vessel tension measuring method and device based on ultrasoundInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于超声的外周血管张力测量方法及装置，涉及血流动力学监测技术领域。本发明采集外周动脉的超声影像和动脉频谱数据，从外周动脉的超声图像中得到外周动脉的压力梯度变化特征参数；根据外周动脉设定时间段内连续多个心动周期的动脉频谱数据，得到血流速度的上升和下降的阻力特征参数和外周动脉前向血流量；利用压力梯度变化特征参数、阻力特征参数和前向血流量，三者综合反映外周动脉血管张力情况。本发明可使用超声实现无创、便捷且动态实时的反映外周血管张力，通过外周血管张力波形图可反馈血流动力学变化，有利于反馈预警，有助于健康管理和临床指导。
This invention discloses an ultrasound-based method and device for measuring peripheral vascular tension, belonging to the field of hemodynamic monitoring technology. The invention acquires ultrasound images and arterial spectrum data of peripheral arteries, obtaining characteristic parameters of pressure gradient changes in the peripheral arteries from the ultrasound images. Based on arterial spectrum data from multiple consecutive cardiac cycles within a set time period, it obtains resistance characteristic parameters of blood flow velocity increases and decreases, and forward blood flow in the peripheral arteries. The pressure gradient change characteristic parameters, resistance characteristic parameters, and forward blood flow are used to comprehensively reflect the peripheral arterial vascular tension. This invention uses ultrasound to achieve a non-invasive, convenient, and dynamically real-time reflection of peripheral vascular tension. The peripheral vascular tension waveform can provide feedback on hemodynamic changes, which is beneficial for feedback and early warning, and helpful for health management and clinical guidance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hemodynamic monitoring, in particular to a peripheral blood vessel tension measuring method and device based on ultrasound.
Background
Severe patients are susceptible to low tension circulatory disturbance due to severe wound, infection and the like, and are susceptible to sepsis, so that the illness is aggravated and the illness is killed. The hemodynamic monitoring of the critical patient can judge the mechanism of the change of the illness state and know the severity of the illness state, can provide guidance for clinically selecting proper treatment schemes and medicines, can evaluate curative effects and estimate prognosis, and is an indispensable important measure in the treatment of the critical patient.
Hemodynamic monitoring is divided into two types of invasive and noninvasive, wherein ultrasonic heart blood discharge monitoring and chest bioelectrical impedance methods in noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring are widely applied in clinic. The invasive hemodynamic monitoring is PICO monitoring, and the PICO monitoring can intuitively and dynamically display the hemodynamic state of a critical patient, and can more accurately evaluate indexes such as cardiac function, vascular resistance, blood volume and the like of the patient.
Peripheral blood vessels are blood vessels except for heart and cerebral vessels, including arterial and venous blood vessels of limbs, head, neck and trunk, the peripheral blood vessels are distributed more widely, the peripheral blood vessels are longer, the occurrence of diseases is more, and the change of the illness state which can be reflected by the tension of the peripheral blood vessels is more obvious.
The vascular resistance can be directly measured by the invasive hemodynamic monitoring means or the noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring means, but the change of the peripheral vascular tension condition can not be obtained by single vascular resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the application provides an ultrasonic-based peripheral blood vessel tension measurement method and device, and aims to solve the problem that Doppler ultrasonic cannot realize peripheral blood vessel tension measurement. The method comprises the steps of collecting ultrasonic images and arterial frequency spectrum data of peripheral arteries, extracting blood vessel characteristic parameters in diastole and blood vessel characteristic parameters in systole of the peripheral arteries from the ultrasonic images of the peripheral arteries, calculating arterial wall characteristic parameters of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral arteries, obtaining pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral arteries, calculating resistance characteristic parameters of rising and falling of blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral arteries according to arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of cardiac cycles continuously in a set period of the peripheral arteries, measuring time integral of blood flow velocity of the peripheral arteries according to arterial frequency spectrum, calculating forward blood flow of the peripheral arteries by combining the cross-sectional area CSA of the peripheral arteries, and comprehensively reflecting the blood vessel tension condition of the peripheral arteries by using the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters, the resistance characteristic parameters and the forward blood flow. The application can realize noninvasive, convenient and dynamic real-time reflection of peripheral vascular tension by using ultrasound, and can feed back hemodynamic changes through the peripheral vascular tension waveform diagram, thereby being beneficial to feedback early warning and being beneficial to health management and clinical guidance.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The first aspect of the invention provides an ultrasound-based peripheral vascular tension measurement method comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring and acquiring ultrasonic images of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data of peripheral arteries of a tested person in a set time period, and processing the acquired ultrasonic images into two-dimensional ultrasonic images frame by frame;
S2, extracting a diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and a systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter corresponding to the peripheral artery from two-dimensional ultrasonic images of the peripheral artery in a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles according to the systolic phase and the diastolic phase of each cardiac cycle, and calculating to obtain an arterial wall characteristic parameter of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery;
S3, calculating resistance characteristic parameters of the rise and the fall of the blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery according to arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of cardiac cycles continuously in a set period of the peripheral artery;
S4, measuring a peripheral arterial blood flow velocity time integral VTI from an arterial frequency spectrum corresponding to a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles of the peripheral artery in a set time period by adopting a calculus or image recognition method, and calculating peripheral arterial forward blood flow VTI by combining the peripheral arterial cross-sectional area CSA;
and S5, reflecting the blood vessel tension condition of the peripheral artery according to the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter of the peripheral artery obtained in the step S2, the resistance characteristic parameter of the peripheral artery obtained in the step S3 and the forward blood flow of the peripheral artery obtained in the step S4.
Further preferably, in the step S2, the characteristic parameters of pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery include normal pressure gradient change, increased pressure gradient change and decreased pressure gradient change, wherein the characteristic parameters of pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery are gradient change waveform diagrams of peripheral arterial blood vessel pressure from a near-heart end to a far-heart end drawn through characteristic parameters of diastolic blood vessel, characteristic parameters of systolic blood vessel and characteristic parameters of arterial wall, the gradient change waveform diagrams are compared with preset gold standard gradient change waveform diagrams, if a peak of the gradient change waveform diagrams is steeper than a gold standard gradient change waveform diagram, the gradient change is increased, if the peak is lower, the gradient change is reduced, and if the gradient change is approximate to the gold standard gradient change waveform diagrams, the gradient change is normal.
Further preferably, in the step S1, ultrasonic images of a plurality of peripheral arteries of the tested person and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles in the same set time period are acquired and acquired simultaneously, and after the tension condition of each peripheral artery of the tested person is obtained in the step S5, the tension condition of each peripheral artery of the tested person is reflected in one image.
Further preferred, the peripheral arteries include any one or more of the nasal fossa, radial, brachial, dorsal and/or popliteal arteries.
Still more preferably, in step S1, when acquiring an ultrasound image of the peripheral artery, a tangential ultrasound image corresponding to the peripheral artery characteristic is acquired according to the peripheral artery characteristic.
Still more preferably, specifically, the method comprises the steps of collecting long-axis section ultrasonic images of the snuff bottle artery, collecting short-axis section ultrasonic images of the radial artery, collecting short-axis section ultrasonic images of the brachial artery, collecting short-axis section ultrasonic images of the dorsum artery, and collecting short-axis section ultrasonic images of the popliteal artery.
Further preferably, in step S5, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow of the peripheral artery reflect the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension specifically:
And respectively comparing the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow with a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, and reflecting the peripheral arterial tension condition according to the comparison results of the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow.
Still more preferably, the reflected peripheral arterial vessel tension is specifically low tension, tension fitting and high tension, specifically,
The peripheral arterial resistance is normal, the pressure gradient change is normal and the forward blood flow is normal, which is shown by moderate peripheral arterial vascular tension, which indicates moderate peripheral arterial vascular contraction;
peripheral arterial resistance increases, pressure gradient changes increase, forward blood flow decreases, and the peripheral arterial resistance increases, and the forward blood flow decreases, so that the peripheral arterial resistance increases, and the peripheral arterial vascular resistance increases;
the peripheral arterial resistance decreases, the pressure gradient changes decrease, and the forward blood flow decreases, which is manifested by a low tension of peripheral arterial blood vessels, which indicates an excessive vasodilation of peripheral arterial blood vessels.
Preferably, in the step S2, the two-dimensional ultrasound image of the peripheral artery is extracted by using the trained image segmentation model, and the characteristic parameters of the diastolic blood vessel and the characteristic parameters of the systolic blood vessel are obtained according to the size and the number of the pixel points of the extracted target area.
Still more preferably, the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter comprises a diastolic blood vessel diameter and a diastolic arterial wall thickness, and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter comprises a systolic blood vessel diameter and a systolic arterial wall thickness.
Still further preferred, the arterial wall characteristic parameters include arterial wall thickness, arterial wall thickness rate of change, arterial wall thickness peak rate of change, arterial cross-sectional area rate of change, and arterial cross-sectional area rate of change.
Further preferably, in step S3, the horizontal axis in the arterial spectrum data represents time, the vertical axis represents blood flow velocity, and vascular resistance is reflected by analyzing the change of blood flow velocity with time.
Still further preferably, the resistance characteristic parameter of the rise and fall of the blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery includes a rise time of the blood flow velocityTime of descentChange in ascent speedVariation of descent speedSlope of risingSlope of descentAnd rise-to-fall time ratio。
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an ultrasound-based peripheral vascular tension measurement device comprising:
the ultrasonic image acquisition equipment acquires and acquires ultrasonic images of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles of peripheral arteries of a tested person and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data in a set time period;
the ultrasonic image processing module is used for processing the obtained ultrasonic images into two-dimensional ultrasonic images frame by frame;
The two-dimensional ultrasonic image processing module is used for extracting the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameters and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameters corresponding to the peripheral arteries from the two-dimensional ultrasonic images of the peripheral arteries of the continuous multiple cardiac cycles according to the systolic phase and the diastolic phase of each cardiac cycle;
the arterial frequency spectrum data processing module is used for combing the arterial frequency spectrum data, and extracting resistance characteristic parameters of the rise and the fall of the blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery and the time integral VTI of the blood flow velocity of the peripheral artery from the arterial frequency spectrum data;
The data processing module is used for calculating arterial wall characteristic parameters of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery according to the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameters and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameters corresponding to the peripheral artery, and obtaining pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral artery according to the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameters, the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameters and the arterial wall characteristic parameters;
Calculating peripheral arterial forward blood flow Volume (VTI) CSA according to peripheral arterial cross-sectional area (CSA) and peripheral arterial blood flow Velocity Time Integral (VTI) in arterial wall characteristic parameters of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery;
And the data comparison and result output module is used for respectively comparing the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow with a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, reflecting the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension condition according to the comparison results of the three parameters and outputting.
Further preferably, the device comprises a plurality of ultrasonic image acquisition devices, and the ultrasonic image acquisition devices acquire ultrasonic images of a plurality of peripheral arteries of a tested person and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles in the same set time period.
Still more preferably, in the data comparing and result outputting module, after the tension condition of each peripheral artery of the tested person is obtained, the tension condition of each peripheral artery of the tested person is reflected in one graph.
The characteristic parameters of the pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery comprise normal pressure gradient change, increased pressure gradient change and reduced pressure gradient change, wherein the characteristic parameters of the pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery are gradient change oscillograms of peripheral arterial blood pressure from a near heart end to a far heart end through characteristic parameters of a diastolic blood vessel, characteristic parameters of a systolic blood vessel and characteristic parameters of an arterial wall, the gradient change oscillograms are compared with a preset golden standard gradient change oscillogram, if the peak of the gradient change oscillogram is higher and steeper than that of the golden standard gradient change oscillograms, the pressure gradient change is increased, if the peak is lower and lower, the pressure gradient change is reduced, and if the gradient oscillograms are approximate to the golden standard gradient change oscillograms, the pressure gradient change is normal.
Further preferably, in the data comparison and result output module, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow are respectively compared with a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, and the peripheral arterial tension condition is reflected according to the comparison results of the three.
Still further preferably, the device further comprises an alarm module, and when any one of the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow exceeds or falls below a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, alarm information is generated and an alarm is sent out.
Still more preferably, in the data comparison and result output module, the reflected peripheral arterial vessel tension condition is specifically low tension, moderate tension and high tension, specifically,
The peripheral arterial resistance is normal, the pressure gradient change is normal and the forward blood flow is normal, which is shown by moderate peripheral arterial vascular tension, which indicates moderate peripheral arterial vascular contraction;
peripheral arterial resistance increases, pressure gradient changes increase, forward blood flow decreases, and the peripheral arterial resistance increases, and the forward blood flow decreases, so that the peripheral arterial resistance increases, and the peripheral arterial vascular resistance increases;
the peripheral arterial resistance decreases, the pressure gradient changes decrease, and the forward blood flow decreases, which is manifested by a low tension of peripheral arterial blood vessels, which indicates an excessive vasodilation of peripheral arterial blood vessels.
Further preferably, a trained image segmentation model is packaged in the two-dimensional ultrasonic image processing module, the two-dimensional ultrasonic image processing module extracts a target area from a two-dimensional ultrasonic image of the peripheral artery by using the trained image segmentation model, and the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter are obtained according to the size and the number of the pixel points of the extracted target area.
Still more preferably, the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter comprises a diastolic blood vessel diameter and a diastolic arterial wall thickness, and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter comprises a systolic blood vessel diameter and a systolic arterial wall thickness.
Still further preferred, the arterial wall characteristic parameters include arterial wall thickness, arterial wall thickness rate of change, arterial wall thickness peak rate of change, arterial cross-sectional area rate of change, and arterial cross-sectional area rate of change.
Further preferably, in the arterial spectrum data processing module, a horizontal axis in the arterial spectrum data represents time, a vertical axis represents blood flow velocity, and vascular resistance is reflected by analyzing a change of the blood flow velocity with time.
Still further preferably, the resistance characteristic parameter of the rise and fall of the blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery includes a rise time of the blood flow velocityTime of descentChange in ascent speedVariation of descent speedSlope of risingSlope of descentAnd rise-to-fall time ratio。
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects brought by the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the ultrasonic image acquired by the ultrasonic equipment is utilized to obtain the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the peripheral arterial forward blood flow of the peripheral artery through image processing and spectrum data processing, and the three parameters are utilized to integrally reflect the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension condition, so that the problem that the existing ultrasonic equipment cannot measure the peripheral blood vessel tension is solved. The peripheral blood vessel tension measuring method based on ultrasound can realize noninvasive, convenient and dynamic real-time reflection of peripheral blood vessel tension by using ultrasound, can feed back blood flow dynamics change through the peripheral blood vessel tension, is beneficial to feedback early warning, is beneficial to health management, and provides data support for clinical guidance.
2. In the invention, pressure gradient change characteristic parameters, resistance characteristic parameters and peripheral arterial forward blood flow are adopted, the three parameters comprehensively reflect peripheral blood vessel tension, any one of the three parameters cannot independently reflect peripheral blood vessel tension, wherein the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters reflect blood flow pressure change conditions, the resistance characteristic parameters reflect blood flow resistance conditions, and the appearance condition of peripheral blood vessel tension is integrally reflected by combining forward blood flow. The measuring method of the invention determines parameter indexes from multiple aspects, and finally the measured peripheral blood vessel tension situation truly and effectively reflects the bleeding hydrodynamic changes.
3. The invention can simultaneously measure peripheral arteries of a plurality of parts, reflect peripheral arterial tension performance of the parts, and the combination of peripheral arterial tension performance of the parts can reflect whole body tension performance of a tested person, and reflect different organism reflections (physiological reflection or pathological reflection and the like) through the performance of peripheral arterial tension of different parts, thereby providing more comprehensive hemodynamic change conditions, being beneficial to feedback early warning, being beneficial to health management and providing data support for clinical guidance.
4. According to the invention, the snuff bottle artery, the radial artery, the brachial artery, the dorsum of the foot artery and/or the popliteal artery are specifically screened, and through verification, the tension measurement is carried out by adopting the peripheral arteries of the five parts, so that the blood vessel tension condition of a tested person can be effectively reflected, and the measurement result of the tension condition of the tested person is more referential. In particular, the measurement is carried out at the snuff bottle artery and the radial artery, the blood vessel runs vertically, the ultrasonic sampling line is almost consistent with the blood flow, and the reflected tension change condition is more accurate.
5. According to the invention, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters, the resistance characteristic parameters and the forward blood flow of a plurality of healthy volunteers are collected to form the pressure gradient change standard parameter range, the resistance standard parameter range and the forward blood flow standard parameter range, the actual parameters of the tested person are compared with the standard parameters to obtain the comparison result of the tested person, and the blood vessel tension condition is reflected on the comparison result of the three parameters. The method is simple in processing mode from the data processing level, and the standard parameter range is used for comparing with the measured parameter from the data result, so that the difference of the tested person can be reflected, and the change of the peripheral vascular tension can be reflected truly.
6. The application reflects the blood vessel tension by three parameters, and has the advantages of high blood vessel tension, high blood flow resistance, fast rise and fast fall of blood flow speed, slow rise and slow fall of blood vessel tension (paralysis and softness of blood vessel). The blood flow resistance, blood flow pressure gradient change and forward blood flow of peripheral artery can be used for reflecting blood vessel tension expression condition, and the three blood vessel tension conditions defined in the application are blood vessel normal tension expression, and the other conditions are iatrogenic blood vessel tension abnormality except for the three conditions defined in the application, for example, the blood vessel tension abnormality is used, for example, when the peripheral arterial resistance is increased and the pressure gradient change is increased, the normal blood vessel appearance forward blood flow is reduced and is expressed as blood vessel high tension, but when the peripheral arterial resistance is increased and the pressure gradient change is increased, the forward blood flow is increased, the medical intervention is adopted by the corresponding medicine or transfusion, so that the forward blood flow is improved, and the blood vessel tension abnormality is not in the tension measurement condition.
7. According to the invention, the machine learning model is adopted to train the image segmentation model, the target area can be rapidly and accurately extracted from the two-dimensional ultrasonic image, the characteristic parameters of the blood vessels in diastole and the characteristic parameters of the blood vessels in systole are obtained according to the size and the number of the pixel points of the target area, the data processing efficiency is high, the processing amount is small, the participation of manpower is reduced, the experience error caused by manual image reading is avoided, and the automatic measurement of the blood vessel tension of a tested person is realized.
8. The peripheral vascular tension measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and high data processing efficiency, can carry out abnormal alarm, and can be linked with different devices in different application scenes to automatically grasp blood pressure, heart rate, lactic acid clearance rate and the like so as to realize high-quality monitoring of severe patients.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the ultrasound-based peripheral vascular tension measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasound-based peripheral vascular tension measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the high tension of peripheral blood vessels according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the peripheral vascular low tension of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view of an ultrasound image and spectral data acquired of the radial artery of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a further ultrasound image and spectral data acquired of the radial artery of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Currently, a key factor in the treatment of neurogenic shock is the treatment of the etiology. In addition to rapid fluid replacement, norepinephrine is administered at increasing doses until peripheral vascular resistance increases. Sympathomimetic agents which act directly or indirectly may also be used in order to restore vascular tone. The blood vessel tension can not be intuitively judged and measured at present by the feasibility dynamic monitoring of the peripheral blood vessel tension.
Central to the physiology of the case of septic shock is endothelial dysfunction, which leads to dysregulation of vascular tone, to vasodilation, impaired distribution and macro, micro-circulatory volume changes, and to increased vascular permeability (capillary permeability syndrome). Often impaired bi-ventricular myocardial function can also occur in the form of septic cardiomyopathy, which can lead to patient death. Septic shock is a mixed form of diseases (hypovolemia, vasodilation, impaired cardiac function and mitochondrial dysfunction), often associated with complex coagulopathies, which also require monitoring of dynamic changes in peripheral vascular tone, but currently there is no visual monitoring means to determine dynamic changes in peripheral vascular tone.
Distributive shock is a relatively low blood volume state due to pathological reassignment of absolute volume within a blood vessel, the most common form of shock. The cause may be loss of regulation of vascular tone, changes in volume within the vascular system, and/or a permeability disorder of the vascular system, and migration of intravascular volume to the stroma. This also requires dynamic monitoring by feasibility of peripheral vascular tension.
In order to meet the above needs, the application provides a peripheral blood vessel tension measuring method and device based on ultrasound, which can realize noninvasive, convenient and dynamic real-time reflection of peripheral blood vessel tension by using ultrasound, and can feed back hemodynamic changes through a peripheral blood vessel tension waveform chart, thereby being beneficial to feedback early warning and being beneficial to health management and clinical guidance.
Example 1
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 of the specification, the present embodiment discloses an ultrasound-based peripheral vascular tension measurement method, which comprises the steps of:
s1, acquiring and acquiring ultrasonic images of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data of peripheral arteries of a tested person in a set time period, and processing the acquired ultrasonic images into two-dimensional ultrasonic images frame by frame;
S2, extracting a diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and a systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter corresponding to the peripheral artery from two-dimensional ultrasonic images of the peripheral artery in a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles according to the systolic phase and the diastolic phase of each cardiac cycle, and calculating to obtain an arterial wall characteristic parameter of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery;
S3, calculating resistance characteristic parameters of the rise and the fall of the blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery according to arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of cardiac cycles continuously in a set period of the peripheral artery;
S4, measuring a peripheral arterial blood flow velocity time integral VTI from an arterial frequency spectrum corresponding to a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles of the peripheral artery in a set time period by adopting a calculus or image recognition method, and calculating peripheral arterial forward blood flow VTI by combining the peripheral arterial cross-sectional area CSA;
and S5, reflecting the blood vessel tension condition of the peripheral artery according to the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter of the peripheral artery obtained in the step S2, the resistance characteristic parameter of the peripheral artery obtained in the step S3 and the forward blood flow of the peripheral artery obtained in the step S4.
In the embodiment, the ultrasonic image acquired by the ultrasonic equipment is utilized to obtain the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the peripheral arterial forward blood flow of the peripheral artery through image processing and spectrum data processing, and the three parameters are utilized to integrally reflect the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension condition, so that the problem that the existing ultrasonic equipment cannot measure the peripheral blood vessel tension is solved. The peripheral blood vessel tension measuring method based on ultrasound can realize noninvasive, convenient and dynamic real-time reflection of peripheral blood vessel tension by using ultrasound.
In this embodiment, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the peripheral arterial forward blood flow are adopted, the three parameters comprehensively reflect the peripheral blood vessel tension, any one of the three parameters cannot reflect the peripheral blood vessel tension alone, wherein the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter reflects the blood flow pressure change condition, the resistance characteristic parameter reflects the blood flow resistance condition, and the appearance condition of the peripheral blood vessel tension is integrally reflected by combining the forward blood flow. The measuring method of the invention determines parameter indexes from multiple aspects, and finally the measured peripheral blood vessel tension situation truly and effectively reflects the bleeding hydrodynamic changes.
In the step S2, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral artery include normal pressure gradient change, increased pressure gradient change and reduced pressure gradient change, wherein the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral artery are gradient change waveform diagrams of peripheral arterial blood vessel pressure from a proximal end to a distal end drawn through a diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter, a systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and an arterial wall characteristic parameter, the gradient change waveform diagrams are compared with preset gold standard gradient change waveform diagrams, if the peak of the gradient change waveform diagrams is higher and steeper than that of the gold standard gradient change waveform diagrams, the pressure gradient change is increased, if the peak is lower and is lower, the pressure gradient change is reduced, and if the gradient change waveform diagrams are approximate to the gold standard gradient change waveform diagrams, the pressure gradient change is normal.
In another implementation manner of this embodiment, in the step S2, the characteristic parameters of the pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery include normal pressure gradient change, increased pressure gradient change and reduced pressure gradient change, where the ratio is compared with a preset golden standard ratio according to a ratio of the characteristic parameters of the diastolic blood vessel, a ratio of the characteristic parameters of the systolic blood vessel and a ratio of the characteristic parameters of the arterial wall between the peripheral arteries, and if the ratio is increased, the ratio is indicated as increased, if the ratio is reduced, the ratio is indicated as reduced, and if the ratio is approximate, the ratio is indicated as normal. Since there is a positive correlation between the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter, the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the arterial wall characteristic parameter, when the ratio of the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter between peripheral arteries is increased, the ratio of the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the arterial wall characteristic parameter is increased, so that the ratio of the three characteristics can be reduced to be the ratio of the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter or the ratio of the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter, for example, the ratio of the diastolic blood vessel wall area (snuff bottle artery: radial artery: brachial artery: dorsum foot artery: popliteal artery) is the same as a preset value (golden standard area ratio), the pressure gradient change is normal, when the ratio is larger than the preset value, the pressure gradient change is increased, and when the ratio is smaller than the preset value, the pressure gradient change is reduced.
Example 2
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is further elaborated and supplemented with the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of embodiment 1 described above. In the embodiment, ultrasonic images and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of peripheral arteries of a tested person in a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles in the same set time period can be acquired and obtained simultaneously, and after tension conditions of the peripheral arteries are measured, the tension conditions of the peripheral arteries of the tested person are reflected in one image. So as to monitor the tension change condition of a plurality of peripheral arteries of the tested person at the same time, and the tension performance conditions of the peripheral arteries at different positions can be put together for comparison observation so as to know the blood vessel tension performance condition of the peripheral arteries of the tested person.
As an implementation manner of this embodiment, when the peripheral arterial tension of the subject is measured, it is preferable to measure at the nasal bottle artery and the radial artery, where the blood vessels are in vertical directions, the ultrasonic sampling line and the blood flow are almost consistent, the measured arterial spectrum waveform is more accurate, and the more accurate resistance characteristic parameters of the rise and fall of the blood flow velocity and the forward blood flow VTI CSA can be obtained from the arterial spectrum.
In another embodiment of the present embodiment, when the peripheral arterial tension of the subject is measured, the measurement may be performed at a position of the brachial artery, the dorsum manus artery, the popliteal artery, or the like. Still more preferably, measurements may be made at the same time at the location of the nasal fossa artery, radial artery, brachial artery, dorsum of foot artery, and popliteal artery.
When the ultrasonic image is acquired, the corresponding section is selected according to the characteristics of each peripheral artery (namely the trend of the blood vessel). For example, the method comprises the steps of collecting ultrasonic images of long-axis sections of the snuff bottle artery, collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the radial artery, collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the brachial artery, collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the dorsum artery, and collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the popliteal artery.
Example 3
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is further elaborated and supplemented with the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 described above. The embodiment further discloses that in step S5, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow of the peripheral artery reflect the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension specifically:
And respectively comparing the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow with a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, and reflecting the peripheral arterial tension condition according to the comparison results of the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow.
As one example, the measured pressure gradient change characteristic parameter is determined to be a decrease in pressure gradient when it is below a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, is determined to be an increase in pressure gradient when it is above a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, and is determined to be a normal pressure gradient change when it is within a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range.
Similarly, the measured resistance characteristic parameter is determined to be a decrease in resistance when the measured resistance characteristic parameter is below a preset resistance standard parameter range, is determined to be an increase in resistance when the measured resistance characteristic parameter is above the preset resistance standard parameter range, and is determined to be a normal resistance when the measured resistance characteristic parameter is within the preset resistance standard parameter range.
Further, the measured forward blood flow is compared with the standard parameter range of the forward blood flow, and the results are also classified into a decrease in the forward blood flow, a normal forward blood flow and an increase in the forward blood flow.
In the embodiment, the pressure gradient change standard parameter range, the resistance standard parameter range and the forward blood flow standard parameter range are collected by collecting the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters, the resistance characteristic parameters and the forward blood flow of a plurality of healthy volunteers as reference groups and utilizing the data of the statistical analysis reference groups to summarize and form the pressure gradient change standard parameter range, the resistance standard parameter range and the forward blood flow standard parameter range, different testees can be reflected, the change of peripheral blood vessel tension is truly reflected, wherein the inclusion standard of the reference groups is that the age is more than or equal to 18 years old, no gastrointestinal tract operation or disease exists in the prior history, the heart is healthy, and the exclusion standard is that the age is less than 18 years old, and the heart ultrasound and the snuff bottle artery image cannot be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the peripheral arterial tone condition is reflected in accordance with the comparison result of the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter, and the forward blood flow, and is reflected as low tone, and high tone.
As shown in fig. 3 of the specification, fig. 3 shows the high-tension expression state of the blood vessel, and the high-tension expression state is specifically characterized by increased peripheral arterial resistance, increased pressure gradient change and reduced forward blood flow;
As shown in figure 4 of the specification, figure 4 shows the expression state of vascular low tension, and is specifically characterized by reduced peripheral arterial resistance, reduced pressure gradient change and reduced forward blood flow;
if the peripheral arterial resistance is normal, the pressure gradient change is normal and the forward blood flow is normal, the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension is moderate, which means that the peripheral arterial blood vessel is moderately contracted.
The three types of blood vessel tension conditions defined above are represented by normal blood vessel tension, and other conditions are iatrogenic blood vessel tension anomalies except the three types of conditions defined by the application, for example, corresponding medicaments are used, for example, when peripheral arterial resistance is increased and pressure gradient change is increased, normal blood vessel appearance forward blood flow is reduced and is represented by high blood vessel tension, but when peripheral arterial resistance is increased and pressure gradient change is increased and forward blood flow is increased, corresponding medicaments or transfusion is used in an intervention way by medical means, so that the forward blood flow is improved, and the blood vessel tension is not in tension measurement condition.
Example 4
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is further elaborated and supplemented with the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 described above.
In this embodiment, in the process of acquiring and acquiring ultrasound images and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data of a plurality of cardiac cycles continuously in a set period of time from a peripheral artery of a subject, in order to perform automatic quality control management on the quality of the acquired ultrasound images, an image classification model trained in advance may be used to perform image classification on the acquired ultrasound images, where the image classification model is obtained by comparing ultrasound images based on gold standards and training using a deep learning neural network. The acquired ultrasonic images are classified into qualified ultrasonic images and unqualified ultrasonic images through an image classification model, and qualified ultrasonic images of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles in a set time period are selected from the acquired ultrasonic images to serve as measurement basic data, so that measurement accuracy is improved, and measurement errors are reduced. Qualified ultrasound images of a plurality of cardiac cycles in succession within 3 minutes or 6 minutes are typically selected.
The image classification method can be a segmentation method based on deep learning or traditional machine learning. The detection method of the deep learning can be a CNN model based on FCNs, U-Net, RCNN, YOLO, inception, resNet, denseNet and the like. The traditional machine learning method comprises a feature extraction method and a classification method, wherein the feature extraction method can be a traditional method such as a CNN model or PCA, HOG, LDA, and the classification method can be a method such as FCM, SVM, ACM.
As still another implementation manner of this embodiment, the extraction of the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter corresponding to the peripheral artery from the two-dimensional ultrasound images of the peripheral artery in the continuous multiple cardiac cycles is achieved through a pre-trained image segmentation model, the extraction of the target region is performed on the two-dimensional ultrasound image of the peripheral artery by using the trained image segmentation model, and the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter are obtained according to the size and the number of the pixel points of the extracted target region.
The image segmentation method can be a segmentation method based on deep learning or traditional machine learning, wherein the detection method of the deep learning can be a CNN model based on FCN, U-Net, RCNN, YOLO, inception, resNet, denseNet and the like. For example, a two-dimensional ultrasound image of a peripheral artery may be input to a CNN model acquisition output that includes an arterial vessel wall.
The extracted target area is an arterial vessel area, and the diastolic vessel diameter and the diastolic arterial wall thickness are obtained according to the size and the number of the pixel points of the extracted arterial vessel area, and the systolic vessel diameter and the systolic arterial wall thickness;, For the wall diameter of the artery in diastole, The number of pixels representing the diastolic vessel region,And similarly, the wall thickness of the artery in diastole, the diameter of the blood vessel in systole and the wall thickness of the artery in systole can be calculated.
The arterial wall thickness, the arterial wall thickness rate of change peak, the arterial cross-sectional area rate of change, and the arterial cross-sectional area rate of change are calculated based on the diastolic vessel diameter, the diastolic arterial wall thickness, the systolic vessel diameter, and the systolic arterial wall thickness. And obtaining the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral artery by analyzing the characteristic parameters of the diastolic blood vessel, the characteristic parameters of the systolic blood vessel and the characteristic parameters of the arterial wall.
Arterial wall thickness is expressed as,For the wall thickness of the artery in diastole,The thickness of the arterial wall is in systole, and the change speed of the arterial wall thickness is,Representing the time from systole to diastole, the arterial wall thickness rate of change being expressed as,Representing the maximum thickness of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle,Representing the minimum thickness of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle,Representing the average thickness of the arterial wall in one cardiac cycle, the peak speed of the change of the arterial wall thickness isIs the maximum arterial wall thickness change speed in one cardiac cycle, the arterial cross-sectional area,For the diastolic arterial cross-sectional area,Arterial cross-sectional area at systole and rate of change of arterial cross-sectional area,Indicating the time from diastole to systole, the rate of change of the arterial cross-sectional area,Is the largest arterial cross-sectional area in one cardiac cycle,Is the smallest arterial cross-sectional area in one cardiac cycle,Representing the average area of the arterial cross-section over a cardiac cycle.
As a further implementation of the present example, referring to fig. 5 and 6 of the specification, the horizontal axis represents time, the vertical axis represents blood flow velocity in the arterial spectrum data, and vascular resistance is reflected by analyzing the change of blood flow velocity with time.
The characteristic parameters of resistance to the rise and fall of blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery include the rise time of blood flow velocityTime of descentChange in ascent speedVariation of descent speedSlope of risingSlope of descentAnd rise-to-fall time ratio。
Example 5
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings, there is provided an ultrasound-based peripheral vascular tension measuring device comprising:
the ultrasonic image acquisition equipment acquires and acquires ultrasonic images of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles of peripheral arteries of a tested person and corresponding arterial frequency spectrum data in a set time period;
the ultrasonic image processing module is used for processing the obtained ultrasonic images into two-dimensional ultrasonic images frame by frame;
The two-dimensional ultrasonic image processing module is used for extracting the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameters and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameters corresponding to the peripheral arteries from the two-dimensional ultrasonic images of the peripheral arteries of the continuous multiple cardiac cycles according to the systolic phase and the diastolic phase of each cardiac cycle;
the arterial frequency spectrum data processing module is used for combing the arterial frequency spectrum data, and extracting resistance characteristic parameters of the rise and the fall of the blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery and the time integral VTI of the blood flow velocity of the peripheral artery from the arterial frequency spectrum data;
The data processing module is used for calculating arterial wall characteristic parameters of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery according to the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameters and the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameters corresponding to the peripheral artery, and obtaining pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral artery according to the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameters, the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameters and the arterial wall characteristic parameters;
Calculating peripheral arterial forward blood flow Volume (VTI) CSA according to peripheral arterial cross-sectional area (CSA) and peripheral arterial blood flow Velocity Time Integral (VTI) in arterial wall characteristic parameters of each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery;
And the data comparison and result output module is used for respectively comparing the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow with a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, reflecting the peripheral arterial blood vessel tension condition according to the comparison results of the three parameters and outputting.
As one implementation manner of this embodiment, the device includes a plurality of ultrasound image capturing devices, where the plurality of ultrasound image capturing devices simultaneously capture and acquire ultrasound images and corresponding arterial spectrum data of a plurality of peripheral arteries of the subject in a plurality of cardiac cycles continuously within a same set period of time. And in the data comparison and result output module, after the tension condition of each peripheral artery of the tested person is obtained, the tension condition of each peripheral artery of the tested person is reflected in one graph.
As an implementation manner of this embodiment, when the peripheral arterial tension of the subject is measured, it is preferable to measure at the nasal bottle artery and the radial artery, where the blood vessels are in vertical directions, the ultrasonic sampling line and the blood flow are almost consistent, the measured arterial spectrum waveform is more accurate, and the more accurate resistance characteristic parameters of the rise and fall of the blood flow velocity and the forward blood flow VTI CSA can be obtained from the arterial spectrum.
As one implementation mode of the embodiment, the characteristic parameters of the pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery comprise normal pressure gradient change, increased pressure gradient change and reduced pressure gradient change, wherein the characteristic parameters of the pressure gradient change of the peripheral artery are gradient change oscillograms of peripheral arterial blood vessel pressure from a near heart end to a far heart end through characteristic parameters of a diastolic blood vessel, characteristic parameters of a systolic blood vessel and characteristic parameters of an arterial wall, the gradient change oscillograms are compared with preset gold standard gradient change oscillograms, if a peak of the gradient change oscillograms is higher and steeper than a peak of the gold standard gradient change oscillograms, the pressure gradient change is increased, if the peak is lower and lower, the pressure gradient change is reduced, and if the gradient oscillograms are approximate to the gold standard gradient oscillograms, the pressure gradient change is normal.
As a further implementation manner of the embodiment, the characteristic parameters of the pressure gradient change of the peripheral arteries include normal pressure gradient change, increased pressure gradient change and reduced pressure gradient change, wherein the ratio is compared with a preset golden standard ratio according to the ratio of the characteristic parameters of the diastolic blood vessel, the ratio of the characteristic parameters of the systolic blood vessel and the ratio of the characteristic parameters of the arterial wall between the peripheral arteries, if the ratio is increased, the pressure gradient change is increased, if the ratio is reduced, the pressure gradient change is reduced, and if the ratio is approximate, the pressure gradient change is normal. Since there is a positive correlation between the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter, the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the arterial wall characteristic parameter, when the ratio of the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter between peripheral arteries is increased, the ratio of the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and the arterial wall characteristic parameter is increased, so that the ratio of the three characteristics can be reduced to be the ratio of the diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter or the ratio of the systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter, for example, the ratio of the diastolic blood vessel wall area (snuff bottle artery: radial artery: brachial artery: dorsum foot artery: popliteal artery) is the same as a preset value (golden standard area ratio), the pressure gradient change is normal, when the ratio is larger than the preset value, the pressure gradient change is increased, and when the ratio is smaller than the preset value, the pressure gradient change is reduced.
In another embodiment of the present embodiment, when the peripheral arterial tension of the subject is measured, the measurement may be performed at a position of the brachial artery, the dorsum manus artery, the popliteal artery, or the like. Still more preferably, measurements may be made at the same time at the location of the nasal fossa artery, radial artery, brachial artery, dorsum of foot artery, and popliteal artery.
When the ultrasonic image is acquired, the corresponding section is selected according to the characteristics of each peripheral artery (namely the trend of the blood vessel). For example, the method comprises the steps of collecting ultrasonic images of long-axis sections of the snuff bottle artery, collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the radial artery, collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the brachial artery, collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the dorsum artery, and collecting ultrasonic images of short-axis sections of the popliteal artery.
Example 6
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is further elaborated and supplemented with the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of embodiment 5 described above. In this embodiment, in the data comparison and result output module, the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow are respectively compared with a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, and the peripheral arterial tension condition is reflected according to the comparison results of the three.
As one example, the measured pressure gradient change characteristic parameter is determined to be a decrease in pressure gradient when it is below a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, is determined to be an increase in pressure gradient when it is above a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, and is determined to be a normal pressure gradient change when it is within a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range.
Similarly, the measured resistance characteristic parameter is determined to be a decrease in resistance when the measured resistance characteristic parameter is below a preset resistance standard parameter range, is determined to be an increase in resistance when the measured resistance characteristic parameter is above the preset resistance standard parameter range, and is determined to be a normal resistance when the measured resistance characteristic parameter is within the preset resistance standard parameter range.
Further, the measured forward blood flow is compared with the standard parameter range of the forward blood flow, and the results are also classified into a decrease in the forward blood flow, a normal forward blood flow and an increase in the forward blood flow.
In the embodiment, the pressure gradient change standard parameter range, the resistance standard parameter range and the forward blood flow standard parameter range are collected by collecting the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters, the resistance characteristic parameters and the forward blood flow of a plurality of healthy volunteers as reference groups and utilizing the data of the statistical analysis reference groups to summarize and form the pressure gradient change standard parameter range, the resistance standard parameter range and the forward blood flow standard parameter range, different testees can be reflected, the change of peripheral blood vessel tension is truly reflected, wherein the inclusion standard of the reference groups is that the age is more than or equal to 18 years old, no gastrointestinal tract operation or disease exists in the prior history, the heart is healthy, and the exclusion standard is that the age is less than 18 years old, and the heart ultrasound and the snuff bottle artery image cannot be obtained.
Still further preferably, the device further comprises an alarm module, and when any one of the pressure gradient change characteristic parameter, the resistance characteristic parameter and the forward blood flow exceeds or falls below a preset pressure gradient change standard parameter range, a preset resistance standard parameter range and a forward blood flow standard parameter range, alarm information is generated and an alarm is sent out.
In the data comparison and result output module, the reflected peripheral arterial vessel tension conditions are specifically low tension, moderate tension and high tension, specifically,
The peripheral arterial resistance is normal, the pressure gradient change is normal and the forward blood flow is normal, which is shown by moderate peripheral arterial vascular tension, which indicates moderate peripheral arterial vascular contraction;
As shown in figure 3 of the specification, the peripheral arterial resistance is increased, the pressure gradient change is increased, the forward blood flow is reduced, and the peripheral arterial vascular high tension is represented, so that the peripheral arterial vascular is excessively contracted;
as shown in fig. 4 of the specification, the peripheral arterial resistance is reduced, the pressure gradient change is reduced, the forward blood flow is reduced, the peripheral arterial blood vessel is low in tension, and the peripheral arterial blood vessel is excessively dilated.
Example 7
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is further elaborated and supplemented with the technical solution of the present invention on the basis of embodiment 5 or embodiment 6 described above.
In this embodiment, in order to automatically control and manage the quality of the acquired ultrasound image, the peripheral blood vessel tension measurement device based on ultrasound further includes an ultrasound image screening module. The method comprises the steps of packaging a pre-trained image classification model in an ultrasonic image screening module, and carrying out image classification on an acquired ultrasonic image by utilizing the pre-trained image classification model, wherein the image classification model is obtained by comparing ultrasonic images based on gold standards and training by utilizing a deep learning neural network. The acquired ultrasonic images are classified into qualified ultrasonic images and unqualified ultrasonic images through an image classification model, and qualified ultrasonic images of a plurality of continuous cardiac cycles in a set time period are selected from the acquired ultrasonic images to serve as measurement basic data, so that measurement accuracy is improved, and measurement errors are reduced. Qualified ultrasound images of a plurality of cardiac cycles in succession within 3 minutes or 6 minutes are typically selected.
The image classification method can be a segmentation method based on deep learning or traditional machine learning. The detection method of the deep learning can be a CNN model based on FCNs, U-Net, RCNN, YOLO, inception, resNet, denseNet and the like. The traditional machine learning method comprises a feature extraction method and a classification method, wherein the feature extraction method can be a traditional method such as a CNN model or PCA, HOG, LDA, and the classification method can be a method such as FCM, SVM, ACM.
As one implementation mode of the embodiment, a trained image segmentation model is packaged in a two-dimensional ultrasonic image processing module, the two-dimensional ultrasonic image processing module utilizes the trained image segmentation model to extract a target area from a two-dimensional ultrasonic image of a peripheral artery, and a diastolic blood vessel characteristic parameter and a systolic blood vessel characteristic parameter are obtained according to the size and the number of pixel points of the extracted target area.
The image segmentation method can be a segmentation method based on deep learning or traditional machine learning, wherein the detection method of the deep learning can be a CNN model based on FCN, U-Net, RCNN, YOLO, inception, resNet, denseNet and the like. For example, a two-dimensional ultrasound image of a peripheral artery may be input to a CNN model acquisition output that includes an arterial vessel wall.
The extracted target area is an arterial vessel area, and the diastolic vessel diameter and the diastolic arterial wall thickness are obtained according to the size and the number of the pixel points of the extracted arterial vessel area, and the systolic vessel diameter and the systolic arterial wall thickness;, For the wall diameter of the artery in diastole, The number of pixels representing the diastolic vessel region,And similarly, the wall thickness of the artery in diastole, the diameter of the blood vessel in systole and the wall thickness of the artery in systole can be calculated.
The arterial wall thickness, the arterial wall thickness rate of change peak, the arterial cross-sectional area rate of change, and the arterial cross-sectional area rate of change are calculated based on the diastolic vessel diameter, the diastolic arterial wall thickness, the systolic vessel diameter, and the systolic arterial wall thickness. And obtaining the pressure gradient change characteristic parameters of the peripheral artery by analyzing the characteristic parameters of the diastolic blood vessel, the characteristic parameters of the systolic blood vessel and the characteristic parameters of the arterial wall.
Arterial wall thickness is expressed as,For the wall thickness of the artery in diastole,The thickness of the arterial wall is in systole, and the change speed of the arterial wall thickness is,Indicating the time from systole to diastole, the arterial wall thickness rate of change being expressed as,Representing the maximum thickness of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle,Representing the minimum thickness of the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle,Representing the average thickness of the arterial wall in one cardiac cycle, the peak speed of the change of the arterial wall thickness isIs the maximum arterial wall thickness change speed in one cardiac cycle, the arterial cross-sectional area,For the diastolic arterial cross-sectional area,Arterial cross-sectional area at systole and rate of change of arterial cross-sectional area,Indicating the time from diastole to systole, the rate of change of the arterial cross-sectional area,Is the largest arterial cross-sectional area in one cardiac cycle,Is the smallest arterial cross-sectional area in one cardiac cycle,Representing the average area of the arterial cross-section over a cardiac cycle.
As a further implementation manner of this embodiment, referring to fig. 5 and 6 of the specification, in the arterial spectrum data processing module, a horizontal axis represents time, a vertical axis represents blood flow velocity in arterial spectrum data, and vascular resistance is reflected by analyzing a change of blood flow velocity with time. The characteristic parameters of resistance to the rise and fall of blood flow velocity in each cardiac cycle of the peripheral artery include the rise time of blood flow velocityTime of descentChange in ascent speedVariation of descent speedSlope of risingSlope of descentAnd rise-to-fall time ratio。
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