CN116844754B

CN116844754B - Tinned aluminum alloy conductor material for cables and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116844754B
Application number: CN202311001393.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余乐华; 张欢欣
Original assignee: Jialu Shanghai Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Jialu Shanghai Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-09
Filing date: 2023-08-09
Publication date: 2024-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2043-08-09
Also published as: CN116844754A

Abstract

The invention provides a tinned aluminum alloy wire for cables, and a preparation method and application thereof. The tin-plated aluminum alloy conductor material provided by the invention greatly improves the hardness, wear resistance and toughness of the existing aluminum alloy conductor material, and effectively optimizes various performance indexes of the aluminum alloy as the conductor material. Particularly, the corrosion resistance is achieved, a copper-aluminum transition terminal is not needed, the terminal can be directly connected with the existing terminal for installation, and the safety and reliability of connection are greatly improved. The tinned aluminum alloy conductor material has weldability, can be applied to various fields such as special photovoltaic wires, automobile wire harnesses, shielding wires, wires and cables for electrical equipment, can be directly welded with matched hardware fittings, and greatly expands the application field of aluminum alloy conductors to replace copper core conductors.

Description

Tinned aluminum alloy conductor material for cables and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy conductive cable preparation, relates to a tin-plated aluminum alloy for cables, a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly relates to a tin-plated aluminum alloy conductor material for cables, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

With the development of the technology of the aluminum alloy cable in China for more than ten years, the development of the manufacturing process, the product performance, the detection, the installation and construction and the like of the aluminum alloy cable are mature, the matched product standard and the design standard are complete gradually, and powerful guarantee is provided for the rapid development of the aluminum alloy cable in China.

Despite the rapid development of aluminum alloy cables, the vast majority of cables in the market today still use copper cores as conductor materials. However, with the increasing shortage of copper resources, the global copper price is in heavy fluctuation, and brings great operational risk to user enterprises and cable manufacturing enterprises, because the China copper cable manufacturing enterprises are almost tens of thousands of families, the competition is extremely intense, the low price competition becomes normal, and the copper price is greatly fluctuated, and great production risk is brought to the copper cable enterprises, so that the product quality is difficult to guarantee, and the conductor demand for replacing other copper core conductor materials is increasingly large. Aluminum in the metal material has good conductive effect, light weight, low price and abundant resources, and meanwhile, in recent years, the environmental awareness of people is enhanced, and the weight is strongly required to be reduced so as to improve the utilization rate of mechanical fuel. Therefore, it has been necessarily trended to replace copper cables with aluminum core cables.

The domestic aluminum alloy cable is applied to the field of 600V-35kV power cables for more than ten years, the technology is mature, and because of the active chemical property of aluminum, an oxide film with the thickness of about 0.005-0.015 mu m can be formed in the atmosphere, and the film is compact and too thin to play a role in protection, especially for places with higher saline-alkali degree in coastal areas and serious corrosion of chemical plant compounds and acid and alkali, the corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum alloy cable can not meet the industrial use requirement far, and the places with higher corrosion resistance are strictly forbidden to use aluminum core cables.

With the strong development of new energy in China, the requirements of photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and new energy automobiles on electric wires and cables are greatly increased, the requirements of copper materials are also in a trend of increasing, copper prices are also in a surge, the project cost is greatly increased due to the surge of copper prices, the rapid development of new energy industry is influenced, the requirements on aluminum alloy cables are increasingly greater for reducing the cost, the technology of the aluminum alloy cables is developed to deeper fields, the existing aluminum alloy cable technology cannot adapt to the requirements of development of a plurality of fields such as new energy, and particularly cannot solve the problems in connection, such as the aspect of special photovoltaic wires, a welding connection mode is adopted between cable conductors and tinned copper terminals, the welding connection mode cannot be realized by the aluminum alloy cables, and the development of automobile harnesses is also limited by the connection mode due to the fact that most of the automobile harnesses are in the welding connection mode, so that the development of the aluminum alloy harnesses is hindered.

Therefore, how to develop the conductor technology using aluminum alloy as the base material and adapt to the existing mature connection scheme is a new problem facing the development of aluminum alloy wires and cables, and the invention considers that the surface treatment problem and the connection problem of the aluminum alloy conductor material are solved, and the invention promotes the aluminum alloy conductor material to develop in the wire and cable field towards the depth direction, and is one of the problems to be solved by a plurality of first-line researchers in the industry.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tin-plated aluminum alloy for cables, and a preparation method and application thereof. The tinned aluminum alloy conductor material provided by the invention has the advantages that the hardness, the wear resistance and the toughness, particularly the corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum alloy conductor material are greatly improved after the surface tinning treatment, a copper-aluminum transition terminal is not needed, the tinned aluminum alloy conductor material can be directly connected with the existing terminal for installation, and the safety and the reliability of connection are greatly improved. The tinned aluminum alloy conductor material has weldability, can be applied to special photovoltaic wires, automobile wire harnesses, wires for electrical equipment and the like, and can be directly welded and connected with matched hardware fittings; and the process is simple, the controllability is strong, the site executable is high, and the method is suitable for popularization and application of industrial mass production.

The invention provides a tinned aluminum alloy wire for cables, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

A：0.001％～2.0％；

the A is one or more of Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V and RE;

the balance of Al and impurities;

a tinning layer is arranged on the surface of the tinned aluminum alloy;

the tinning layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

D：0.01％～50％；

The balance of Sn and impurities;

The D is one or more of Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as and Sb;

The thickness of the tin plating layer is 0.1-500 mu m.

Preferably, the tin plating layer also comprises 0.01-50% of E by mass;

e is one or more of Cu, mn, ca, co, ga, cd, bi, ag, C and Cl;

the tinned aluminum alloy comprises an aluminum alloy substrate, a nickel plating layer compounded on the substrate and a tinned layer compounded on the nickel plating layer;

The transverse dimension of the aluminum alloy matrix is 0.1-100 mm.

Preferably, the tin plating layer also comprises 0.01 to 40 mass percent of F;

the F is one or more of Cr, pb, V, ti, O, si, S, P, N, B and H;

the tinned aluminum alloy wire is specifically a tinned aluminum alloy wire conductor;

The wire conductors include class 1 conductors, class 2 conductors, class 5 conductors, or class 6 conductors.

Preferably, the tin plating layer further comprises 0.001 to 10wt% of RE;

in the tin-plated aluminum alloy, the mass content of a tin plating layer is 1% -40%;

in the tin-plated aluminum alloy, the thickness of the nickel plating layer is 100 nm-10 mu m.

The invention provides a preparation method of a tinned aluminum alloy for cables, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) Pretreating an aluminum alloy wire sample blank, and then carrying out zinc dipping and nickel plating to obtain an aluminum alloy wire compounded with a nickel plating layer;

2) And (3) tinning the aluminum alloy wire compounded with the nickel plating layer obtained in the steps, and then performing aftertreatment to obtain the tinned aluminum alloy wire.

Preferably, the pretreatment step comprises one or more of surface chemical degreasing, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing and light emitting;

The zincating treatment liquid comprises:

the zinc dipping time is 5-10 min.

Preferably, the nickel plating method comprises plating bright nickel;

The treatment fluid for electroplating bright nickel comprises the following components:

the pH value of the electroplated bright nickel is 3.5-4.0;

d _k of the electroplated bright nickel is 6-8A/dm ²;

The temperature of the electroplated bright nickel is 40-45 ℃;

The time for electroplating the bright nickel is 10-20 min.

Preferably, the nickel plating method comprises the steps of plating dark nickel;

The treatment fluid for electroplating the dark nickel comprises the following components:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 300～350g/L；

NaCl 40～45g/L；

Na₂SO₄ 85～95g/L；

D _k of the electroplated dark nickel is 8-10A/dm ²;

the temperature of the electroplated dark nickel is 35-40 ℃;

The time for electroplating the dark nickel is 10-15 min.

Preferably, the tinning method comprises electroplating tin;

the treatment solution for electroplated tin comprises the following components:

The D _k of the electrotinning is 6-10A/dm ²;

The temperature of the electrotinning is 20-30 ℃;

The time of the electrotinning is 5-40 min.

The invention also provides the tin-plated aluminum alloy prepared by any one of the technical schemes or the preparation method of any one of the technical schemes, and the application of the tin-plated aluminum alloy in the cable field.

The invention provides a tinned aluminum alloy wire for cables, which comprises 0.001-2.0% of A by mass percent; the A is one or more of Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V and RE; the balance of Al and impurities; a tinning layer is arranged on the surface of the tinned aluminum alloy; the tinning layer comprises 0.01-50% of D by mass percent; the balance of Sn and impurities; the D is one or more of Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as and Sb; the thickness of the tin plating layer is 0.1-500 mu m. Compared with the prior art, the invention considers that the surface treatment problem of the aluminum alloy material is solved, so that the aluminum alloy material has weldability, and the aluminum alloy cable is promoted to rapidly develop from the power cable field to the wire harness field. Based on the above, the invention provides a tinned aluminum alloy wire for cables, which has excellent corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance of the tinned aluminum alloy wire is greatly superior to that of a non-tinned aluminum alloy, and according to the atmosphere corrosion test and electrolyte corrosion test of GB 10124 'metal materials laboratory uniform corrosion full immersion test method', the corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.03mm/a under the condition of 720 hours of test period, the tinned aluminum alloy wire has good stability in salt mist and salt water, the problems that the salt alkalinity of coastal areas is higher, and the chemical plant compounds and acid alkali corrosion are serious and the common aluminum alloy cable is not suitable to be used are solved, and the alloy cable prepared by adopting the tinned aluminum alloy wire completely meets the requirements of severe environments.

The alloy cable prepared from the tinned aluminum alloy conductor material can be directly connected with a copper terminal, so that the problems of instability caused by connection of a copper-aluminum transition terminal and unnecessary installation of the alloy cable with matched facilities are avoided. The tinned aluminum alloy cable can be directly crimped with a copper terminal, and according to national standard GB/T9327 'crimping type and mechanical connecting fitting test method and requirement for power cable conductors with rated voltage of 35kV (um=40.5 kV) and below', through 1000 times of thermal cycle experiments, the tinned aluminum alloy cable is stable and reliable in installation and connection, the risk of corrosion easily caused by exposure of conductors at joint parts is avoided, and the service life of the cable is prolonged. The tinned aluminum alloy conductor material can be used in various fields such as new energy automobiles, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, wires for electrical equipment or household appliances, the hardness, wear resistance, toughness and corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum alloy material are greatly improved, a copper-aluminum transition terminal is not needed, the tinned aluminum alloy conductor material can be directly connected and installed with the existing copper terminal, and the tinned aluminum alloy conductor material can also be directly welded and connected with the tinned copper terminal, so that the safety and reliability of connection are greatly improved.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the tinned aluminum alloy for the cable, and the preparation method greatly improves the hardness, the wear resistance and the toughness of the existing aluminum alloy material and effectively optimizes various performance indexes of the aluminum alloy as the conductor material by tinning the surface of the aluminum alloy conductor material. The tin plating aluminum alloy process provided by the invention well solves the technical problem of tin plating on the surface of an aluminum alloy conductor, and solves the problems of corrosion resistance and connection with a copper terminal of the aluminum alloy on the premise of not affecting the original electrical property and mechanical property of the aluminum alloy conductor by pre-zinc dipping, nickel plating on the basis, and tin plating finally. The tin plating technology is realized on the surface of the aluminum alloy, so that the problem of weldability of the aluminum is solved, the technical problem that the aluminum cannot be welded because the aluminum needs to be welded in a plurality of application places is solved, the aluminum alloy can be directly welded and connected with electric power fittings, the weldability accords with GB/T4910, the aluminum alloy can be applied to various fields such as special photovoltaic wires, automobile wire harnesses, shielding wires, wires and cables for electrical equipment, and the application scene of aluminum alloy conductors for replacing copper core conductors is greatly expanded.

Experimental results show that the tinned aluminum alloy conductor material provided by the invention has good mechanical and physical properties and electrical properties, the elongation at break is more than or equal to 10%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 100MPa, and the conductivity is more than 62% IACS.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a microscopic image of a cross section of a tin-plated aluminum alloy wire for cables prepared according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a microstructure image of a plating layer of a tin-plated aluminum alloy wire for cables prepared according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention and are not limiting of the invention claims.

All the raw materials of the present invention are not particularly limited in their sources, and may be purchased on the market or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

All raw materials of the invention are not particularly limited in purity, and the invention preferably adopts industrial pure or conventional purity requirements in the field of cable aluminum alloy material preparation.

All raw materials of the invention, the brands and abbreviations of which belong to the conventional brands and abbreviations in the field of the related application are clear and definite, and the person skilled in the art can purchase from the market or prepare by the conventional method according to the brands, abbreviations and the corresponding application.

The process used in the invention, the abbreviations thereof belong to the conventional abbreviations in the field, the specific steps and the conventional parameters of each abbreviation are clear and definite in the related field, and the process can be realized by a conventional method according to the abbreviations by a person skilled in the art.

A：0.001％～2.0％；

the A is one or more of Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V and RE;

the balance of Al and impurities;

a tinning layer is arranged on the surface of the tinned aluminum alloy;

the tinning layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

D：0.01％～50％；

The balance of Sn and impurities;

The D is one or more of Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as and Sb;

The thickness of the tin plating layer is 0.1-500 mu m.

In the present invention, the amount of the A added is 0.001% to 2.0%, or 0.01% to 1.0%, or 0.1% to 0.5%.

In the present invention, a is one or more of Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V and RE, or Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V or RE.

In the present invention, the amount of D added is 0.01% to 50%, or 0.1% to 30%, or 1% to 10%.

In the present invention, D is one or more of Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as and Sb, or Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as or Sb.

In the present invention, the thickness of the tin plating layer is 0.1 to 500. Mu.m, or 1 to 100. Mu.m, or 5 to 50. Mu.m, or 10 to 30. Mu.m, or 10 to 20. Mu.m.

In the present invention, the tin plating layer preferably further includes 0.01 to 50% by mass of E, more preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass of E, and still more preferably 1 to 10% by mass of E.

In the present invention, the E is preferably one or more of Cu, mn, ca, co, ga, cd, bi, ag, C and Cl, more preferably Cu, mn, ca, co, ga, cd, bi, ag, C or Cl.

In the present invention, the tin-plated aluminum alloy preferably includes an aluminum alloy substrate, a nickel plating layer compounded on the substrate, and a tin plating layer compounded on the nickel plating layer. In the invention, based on the preparation process, the aluminum alloy wire substrate is firstly plated with nickel and then plated with tin, and has a structure of plated with tin and plated with nickel. From the microscopic structure of the electron microscope of the finished product of the tinned aluminum alloy wire, no obvious layer boundary structure exists between the tinned layer and the nickel-plated layer, so that the aluminum alloy wire substrate provided by the invention is considered to have an integral plating structure, or a tin-nickel mixed layer structure between the tinned layer and the nickel-plated layer.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a microscopic image of a cross section of a tin-plated aluminum alloy wire for cables prepared according to the present invention.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a microstructure image of a plating layer of a tin-plated aluminum alloy wire for cables prepared according to the present invention.

In the present invention, the lateral dimension of the aluminum alloy base is preferably 0.1 to 100mm, more preferably 1 to 80mm, and still more preferably 10 to 50mm. Specifically, the lateral dimension in the present invention refers to the thickness of the aluminum alloy wire matrix, such as the radial dimension of the cylindrical wire, the width of the strip conductor, and the like.

In the present invention, the tin plating layer preferably further includes 0.01 to 40% by mass of F, more preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass of F, still more preferably 1 to 20% by mass of F, and still more preferably 5 to 10% by mass of F.

In the present invention, the F is preferably one or more of Cr, pb, V, ti, O, si, S, P, N, B and H, more preferably Cr, pb, V, ti, O, si, S, P, N, B or H.

In the present invention, the tin-plated aluminum alloy wire is particularly preferably a tin-plated aluminum alloy wire conductor.

In the present invention, the wire conductor preferably includes a class 1 conductor, a class 2 conductor, a class 5 conductor, or a class 6 conductor.

In the present invention, the tin plating layer further preferably contains 0.001 to 10wt% of RE, more preferably 0.01 to 6wt% of RE, and still more preferably 0.1 to 2wt% of RE.

The invention adopts a tinning mode to form a tinning layer, but other elements are inevitably present in raw materials or processes or are present as a result of inspection mode, so that a certain amount of the elements are present after the detection of the tinning layer.

In the present invention, the tin-plated aluminum alloy preferably has a tin plating layer content of 1 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and still more preferably 10 to 20% by mass.

In the present invention, the thickness of the nickel plating layer in the tin-plated aluminum alloy is preferably 100nm to 10. Mu.m, more preferably 1 μm to 7. Mu.m, still more preferably 3 μm to 4. Mu.m.

In the present invention, the form of the wire conductor preferably includes one or more of a strip conductor, and a tubular conductor, more preferably a strip conductor, or a tubular conductor.

Firstly, pretreating an aluminum alloy wire sample blank, and then, carrying out zinc dipping and nickel plating to obtain the aluminum alloy wire compounded with the nickel plating layer.

In the present invention, the pretreatment step preferably includes one or more of surface chemical degreasing, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, and light emitting, more preferably, a plurality of surface chemical degreasing, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, and light emitting.

In the present invention, the zincating treatment liquid preferably includes:

Wherein the NaOH content is preferably 180-260 g/L, more preferably 190-250 g/L, more preferably 200-240 g/L, more preferably 210-230 g/L.

Wherein the content of ZnO is preferably 30 to 40g/L, more preferably 32 to 38g/L, and still more preferably 34 to 36g/L.

Wherein the content of the potassium sodium tartrate is preferably 50-60 g/L, more preferably 52-58 g/L, and still more preferably 54-56 g/L.

Wherein the FeCI ₃·6H₂ O content is preferably 16 to 25g/L, more preferably 18 to 23g/L, and even more preferably 20 to 21g/L.

Wherein the NaNO ₃ content is preferably 16-25 g/L, more preferably 18-23 g/L, and even more preferably 20-21 g/L.

In the present invention, the time for the zincating is preferably 5 to 10 minutes, more preferably 6 to 9 minutes, and still more preferably 7 to 8 minutes.

In the present invention, the nickel plating method preferably includes plating bright nickel.

In the present invention, the treatment liquid for plating bright nickel preferably includes:

Wherein the content of NiSO ₄·6H₂ O is preferably 400-450 g/L, more preferably 410-440 g/L, and even more preferably 420-430 g/L.

Wherein the content of NiCl ₂·6H₂ O is preferably 150-180 g/L, more preferably 155-175 g/L, and even more preferably 160-170 g/L.

Wherein the content of H ₃BO₄ is preferably 80 to 90g/L, more preferably 82 to 88g/L, and even more preferably 84 to 86g/L.

Wherein the saccharin content is preferably 10 to 50g/L, more preferably 15 to 45g/L, more preferably 20 to 40g/L, more preferably 25 to 35g/L.

Wherein the content of 1.4-butynediol is preferably 6 to 8g/L, more preferably 6.4 to 7.6g/L, and still more preferably 6.8 to 7.2g/L.

Wherein the coumarin content is preferably 1 to 2g/L, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8g/L, and even more preferably 1.4 to 1.6g/L.

Wherein the content of the sodium dodecyl sulfate is preferably 1 to 5g/L, more preferably 1.5 to 4.5g/L, still more preferably 2 to 4g/L, and still more preferably 2.5 to 3.5g/L.

In the present invention, the pH of the plated bright nickel is preferably 3.5 to 4.0, more preferably 3.6 to 3.9, and still more preferably 3.7 to 3.8.

In the present invention, the D _k of the plated bright nickel is preferably 6 to 8A/dm ², more preferably 6.4 to 7.6A/dm ², and still more preferably 6.8 to 7.2A/dm ².

In the present invention, the temperature of the bright nickel plating is preferably 40 to 45 ℃, more preferably 41 to 44 ℃, and even more preferably 42 to 43 ℃.

In the present invention, the time for plating the bright nickel is preferably 10 to 20 minutes, more preferably 12 to 18 minutes, and still more preferably 13 to 16 minutes.

In the present invention, the nickel plating means preferably includes plating of dark nickel.

In the present invention, the treatment liquid for plating dark nickel preferably includes:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 300～350g/L；

NaCl 40～45g/L；

Na₂SO₄ 85～95g/L；

Wherein the content of NiSO ₄·6H₂ O is preferably 300-350 g/L, more preferably 310-340 g/L, and even more preferably 320-330 g/L.

Wherein the content of NaCl is preferably 40 to 45g/L, more preferably 41 to 44g/L, and even more preferably 42 to 43g/L.

Wherein the Na ₂SO₄ content is preferably 85 to 95g/L, more preferably 87 to 93g/L, and even more preferably 89 to 91g/L.

In the present invention, D _k of the plated dark nickel is preferably 8 to 10A/dm ², more preferably 8.4 to 9.6A/dm ², and still more preferably 8.8 to 9.2A/dm ².

In the present invention, the temperature of the plated dark nickel is preferably 35 to 40 ℃, more preferably 36 to 39 ℃, and still more preferably 37 to 38 ℃.

In the present invention, the time for plating the dark nickel is preferably 10 to 15 minutes, more preferably 11 to 14 minutes, and still more preferably 12 to 13 minutes.

Finally, tinning the aluminum alloy wire with the composite nickel coating obtained in the steps, and then performing aftertreatment to obtain the tinned aluminum alloy wire.

In the present invention, the means of tin plating preferably includes electrolytic tin plating.

In the present invention, the electrolytic tin plating treatment liquid preferably includes:

Wherein, the content of the SnSO ₄ is preferably 140-170 g/L, more preferably 145-165 g/L, and even more preferably 150-160 g/L.

Wherein the content of H ₂SO₄ is preferably 240-270 g/L, more preferably 245-265 g/L, and even more preferably 250-260 g/L.

Wherein the content of SS-820 is preferably 55-60 mL/L, more preferably 56-59 mL/L, and even more preferably 57-58 mL/L.

Wherein the content of SS-821 is preferably 5 to 10mL/L, more preferably 6 to 9mL/LL, and even more preferably 7 to 8mL/L.

In the present invention, D _k of the above-mentioned electroplated tin is preferably 6 to 10A/dm ², more preferably 6.5 to 9.5A/dm ², still more preferably 7 to 9A/dm ², still more preferably 7.5 to 8.5A/dm ².

In the present invention, the temperature of the electrolytic tin is preferably 20 to 30 ℃, more preferably 22 to 28 ℃, and still more preferably 24 to 26 ℃.

In the present invention, the time for the tin plating is preferably 5 to 40 minutes, more preferably 10 to 30 minutes, still more preferably 12 to 20 minutes, still more preferably 14 to 16 minutes.

The invention is a complete and refined whole technical scheme, better guarantees the structure and composition of the tinned aluminum alloy for the cable, further improves the performance of the tinned aluminum alloy for the cable, and the tinned aluminum alloy for the cable and the preparation method thereof specifically comprise the following steps:

the tinned aluminum alloy for the cable comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

A：0.001～2.0％；

the A is at least one element in Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V, RE;

the balance of Al and impurities;

The surface of the aluminum alloy conductor is plated with a layer of tin with the thickness of not less than 0.1 mu m, and the tin plating layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

D：0.01～50％；

The balance of Sn and impurities;

the D is at least one element in Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as, sb.

Specifically, the tin plating layer further comprises 0.01-50 wt% of E, wherein E is at least one element in Cu, mn, ca, co, ga, cd, bi, ag, C, cl.

Specifically, the tin plating layer further comprises 0.01-40 wt% of F, wherein F is at least one element in Cr, pb, V, ti, O, si, S, P, N, B, H.

Specifically, the tin plating layer further comprises 0.001-10 wt% of RE.

Specifically, the RE includes one or more of Ce, la, pr, nd, pm, sm, eu, Y and Sc.

Specifically, the aluminum alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then is drawn into an aluminum alloy wire.

Specifically, the aluminum alloy wire blank surface is subjected to chemical degreasing, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc dipping, water washing, nickel electroplating, water washing, tin electroplating, water washing, drying, inspection and tinning.

Specifically, the zinc dipping process comprises the following steps:

180-260 g/L of NaOH, 30-40g/L of ZnO, 50-60 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O16～25g/L,NaNO₃ -25 g/L of sodium tartrate, and the temperature is as follows: the room temperature is kept for 5-10 min.

Zinc impregnation is the key point of the process, and the quality of the zinc impregnation layer directly influences the quality of the nickel plating layer. The zinc impregnation function is as follows: ① The removal of the exposed surface layer ② causes the relative potential of the aluminum alloy conductor surface to become higher.

When in preparation, znO is firstly mixed into paste, and then added into sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring is continuously carried out, otherwise Zn (OH) ₂ precipitate is easy to form, and the bonding force between a plating layer and a matrix can be improved by adding 3-valence Fe ions. The added potassium sodium tartrate can form a complex with the 3-valent Fe ions to prevent the 3-valent Fe ions from forming Fe (OH) ₃ precipitates. NaNO ₃ can promote the oxidation-reduction reaction. Because the electrode potential of Zn is close to that of A1, the deposition speed of Zn is slow, the leaching time is too short, and a zinc layer cannot be deposited; the zinc layer can be redissolved for too long, so that the control of the zinc dipping time is important, and if the quality of the zinc dipping layer is poor at one time, 100ml/L of HNO ₃ solution can be used for stripping.

In order to enhance the binding force between the tinning layer and the aluminum matrix, the invention selects to plate a layer of nickel on the surface of the aluminum alloy in advance and then to plate tin on the basis of nickel, thus being easy to realize.

Specifically, the bright nickel electroplating process comprises the following steps:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 400～450g/L,NiCl₂·6H₂O 150～180g/L,H₃BO₄ 80～90g/L, Saccharin 10-50 g/L, butynediol 1.4-6-8 g/L, coumarin 1-2 g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 1-5 g/L, pH 3.5-4.0 g/L, D _k 6～8A/dm², temperature 40-45 deg.C and time 10-20 min.

Specifically, the process for electroplating the dark nickel comprises the following steps:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 300～350g/L,NaCl40～45g/L,Na₂SO₄ 85～95g/L,D_k 8～10A/dm², The temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the time is 10-15 min.

After zinc impregnation of the aluminum workpiece, nickel is plated as soon as possible, and in order to prevent the zinc impregnation layer from being dissolved in the nickel plating solution, the aluminum substrate is charged into the nickel plating solution. The bright plating layer can be directly plated by electroplating bright nickel, the plating layer is fine, but the internal stress of the plating layer is large, the plating layer cannot be too thick, or else the plating layer is easy to peel.

The plating layer obtained by electroplating the dark nickel has fine crystallization, good toughness, smaller internal stress and better corrosion resistance than bright nickel.

Specifically, the electrotinning process is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 140～170g/L,H₂SO₄ -270 mL/L, SS-820 55-60 mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 5-L0 mL/L (additive), temperature 20-30 ℃, D _k6～10A/dm², time 5-40 min.

In the operation process, the workpiece is required to be cleaned after the cathode is moved to plate, and the tinning time is determined according to the required thickness.

Specifically, the tinned aluminum alloy material can be manufactured into a class 1 or class 2 or class 5 or class 6 conductor, and the conductor can be in a round shape, a strip shape or a section bar. Furthermore, the tinned aluminum alloy material prepared by the procedures can be further processed into a class 1 or class 2 or class 5 or class 6 conductor core, can be used for a power cable conductor core, can also be used for a conductor core of an electric wire product, and can also be used for a braided shielding wire. The conductor may be in the form of a circle, a strip or a profile.

Further, the method comprises the steps of,

The invention discloses a tin-plated aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy (aluminum alloy matrix) comprises:

a:0.001 to 2.0 wt%;

the balance of Al and impurities;

For matrix aluminum in the aluminum alloy, pure aluminum of industrial Al99.70 can be adopted, so that the aluminum alloy prepared by the method has the advantages of sufficient raw material supply, low cost, convenient purchase and the like; meanwhile, the aluminum base can also adopt refined aluminum or high-purity aluminum as a matrix alloy, and the aluminum base has higher quality than the common aluminum base material, and the processed product has more advantages in the aspects of electrical property and mechanical property.

In the invention, aluminum is taken as a matrix, and trace iron is added to improve the performance of the aluminum alloy, so that the iron can improve the mechanical strength and tensile property of the aluminum alloy, improve the tensile strength, yield property, heat resistance and creep resistance of the aluminum, and improve the plasticity of the aluminum alloy. And a trace amount of silicon is added into the aluminum base, so that the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved. By adding a small amount of magnesium, the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy and the heat resistance of the material of the aluminum alloy can be improved. The addition of a trace amount of copper can improve the mechanical strength and fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy. The trace rare earth is added, so that the rare earth can play roles in removing impurities and refining grains in the processing process of the aluminum alloy, the processing performance of the aluminum alloy is effectively improved, and the electrical performance and the corrosion resistance are improved. The added trace manganese and chromium can improve the mechanical property and heat resistance of the aluminum alloy. The less zirconium can improve the heat resistance and the processing characteristics of the alloy. And a trace amount of silicon is added into the aluminum base, so that the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved. The trace boron can play a role in refining grains and improve processing characteristics. By adding trace zirconium and calcium, the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the heat resistance of the alloy can be improved. The mechanical processing characteristics of the aluminum alloy can be enhanced by adding trace manganese and chromium. The addition of trace vanadium and titanium can refine grains and improve the tensile property of the alloy.

The tinned aluminum alloy material is manufactured into an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and then the aluminum alloy rod is manufactured into an aluminum alloy wire.

Electroplating a tin layer with the thickness of not less than 0.1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire, wherein the tin plating layer comprises the following components:

D:0.01 to 50 wt%;

The balance of Sn and impurities;

from the economical point of view, it is preferable that the thickness of the tin plating layer is in the range of 10 to 20. Mu.m, and the larger the thickness is as much as possible from the technical effect, but in order to satisfy both economical and technical properties, it is preferable that the thickness is controlled in the range of 10 to 20. Mu.m.

The D is at least one element in Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as, sb.

The tin plating layer also comprises 0.01-50 wt% of E, wherein E is at least one element in Cu, mn, ca, co, ga, cd, bi, ag, C, cl.

The tin plating layer also comprises 0.01-40 wt% of F, wherein F is at least one element in Cr, pb, V, ti, si, O, S, P, N, B, H.

The tin plating layer also contains 0.001 to 10 wt% of RE.

In order to prepare the tinned aluminum alloy material, the invention also provides a tinning process flow, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of chemical degreasing of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc dipping, water washing, nickel electroplating, water washing, tin electroplating, water washing, drying, inspection and tinning of the aluminum alloy wire blank.

In order to more fully illustrate the tin plating process, the invention further provides a zinc dipping process, which is as follows:

180-260 g/L of NaOH, 30-40g/L of ZnO, 50-60 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 16～25g/L,NaNO₃ -25 g/L of sodium tartrate, and the temperature is as follows: the room temperature is kept for 5-10 min.

In order to enhance the binding force between the tinning layer and the aluminum substrate, the invention can be easily realized by plating a layer of nickel on the surface of the aluminum alloy in advance and then plating tin on the basis of the nickel.

According to the invention, if the bright nickel electroplating process is adopted, the bright nickel electroplating process comprises the following steps:

According to the invention, if the process of plating the dark nickel is adopted, the process of plating the dark nickel is as follows:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 300～350g/L,NaCl 40～45g/L,Na₂SO₄ 85～95g/L,D_k 8～10A/dm², The temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the time is 10-15 min.

The plating layer obtained by electroplating the dark nickel has fine crystallization, good toughness, smaller internal stress and better corrosion resistance than the bright nickel.

According to the invention, the electrotinning process is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 140～170g/L,H₂SO₄ -270 mL/L, SS-820 55-60 mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 5-L0 mL/L (additive), temperature 20-30deg.C, D _k 6～10A/dm².

According to the invention, the tin-plated aluminum alloy material prepared by the procedures can be further processed into a class 1, class 2, class 5 or class 6 conductor core, can be used for a power cable conductor core, can also be used for a conductor core of an electric wire product, and can also be used for a braided shielding wire. The conductor may be in the form of a circle, a strip or a profile.

The invention provides the tin-plated aluminum alloy prepared by any one of the technical schemes or the preparation method of any one of the technical schemes, and the application of the tin-plated aluminum alloy in the cable field.

Specifically, the cable comprises a 1-class stranded wire core, a 2-class stranded wire core, a 5-class stranded wire core or a 6-class conductor stranded wire core.

The cable includes a power cable conductor core.

The cable comprises a conductor core of an electrical wire product;

The cable includes braided shield wires.

The invention provides a tin-plated aluminum alloy conductor material for cables, and a preparation method and application thereof. The tinned aluminum alloy wire for the cable has excellent corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance is greatly higher than that of a non-tinned aluminum alloy, the atmosphere corrosion test and the electrolyte corrosion test are carried out according to GB 10124 "method for uniform corrosion full immersion test in a metal material laboratory", the corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.03mm/a under the condition of 720 hours of the test period, the tinned aluminum alloy wire has good stability in salt mist and salt water, the problems that the salt alkalinity is higher in coastal areas, and the compound and acid-base corrosion in chemical factories are serious, and the common aluminum alloy cable is not suitable for use are solved, and the alloy cable prepared by adopting the tinned aluminum alloy wire completely meets the requirements of severe environments.

For further explanation of the present invention, the tin-plated aluminum alloy for cables, the preparation method and application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation procedures are given, which are only for further explanation of the features and advantages of the present invention, but not for limitation of the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

(1) Putting an aluminum ingot and other aluminum-metal alloy ingots into a smelting furnace, manufacturing an aluminum alloy rod through smelting, casting and rolling procedures, and manufacturing the aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy wire, wherein the alloy compositions are shown in table 1;

referring to Table 1, table 1 shows the composition (wt%) of the aluminum alloy prepared in the examples of the present invention.

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 0.1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

chemical degreasing of the surface of an aluminum alloy wire blank, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water washing, light emitting, water washing, zinc dipping, water washing, bright nickel plating, water washing, tin electroplating, water washing, drying, inspection and tinning of the aluminum alloy wire blank. The composition of the tin plating layer is listed in table 2;

Referring to table 2, table 2 is a table of composition (wt%) of tin-plated layers of tin-plated aluminum alloys prepared in examples of the present invention.

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

260g/L of NaOH, 40g/L of ZnO, 60g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 25g/L,NaNO₃ g/L of sodium tartrate, and under the condition of room temperature, the time is 10min;

(4) The bright nickel electroplating process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:

NiSO ₄·6H₂O 400g/L,NiCl₂·6H₂O 150g/L,H₃BO₄ g/L, saccharin 10g/L, 1.4-butynediol 6g/L, coumarin 1g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 1g/L, pH 3.5g/L, D _k 6A/dm², temperature 40 ℃ and time 20min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 140g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 5mL/L (additive), temperature 20 ℃, D _k 6A/dm², time 5min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

The aluminum alloy prepared according to the above method and the aluminum alloy performance after the tin plating process were tested, and the results are shown in table 3.

Referring to Table 3, table 3 is a table of performance test data for tin-plated aluminum alloys prepared in examples of the present invention.

Example 2

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 1 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

180g/L of NaOH, 30g/L of ZnO, 50g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 16g/L,NaNO₃ g/L of sodium tartrate, and under the condition of room temperature, the time is 5min;

NiSO ₄·6H₂O 450g/L,NiCl₂·6H₂O 180g/L,H₃BO₄ g/L, saccharin 50g/L,1, 4-butynediol 8g/L, coumarin 2g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 5g/L, pH 4.0g/L, D _k 8A/dm², temperature 45 ℃ and time 10min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 170g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 60mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821L 0mL/L (additive), temperature 30 ℃, D _k 10A/dm², time 8min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 3

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 10 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

NaOH 220/L, znO 35g/L, potassium sodium tartrate 55g/L, feCI ₃·6H₂O 20g/L,NaNO₃ g/L, and under room temperature conditions, the time is 7min;

NiSO ₄·6H₂O 420g/L,NiCl₂·6H₂O 165g/L,H₃BO₄ g/L, saccharin 30g/L, 1.4-butynediol 7g/L, coumarin 1.5g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 3g/L, pH 3.7g/L, D _k 7A/dm², temperature 43 ℃ and time 12min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 150g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 7mL/L (additive), temperature 25 ℃, D _k 8A/dm², time 10min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 4

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 50 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

195g/L NaOH, 33g/L ZnO, 53g/L potassium sodium tartrate, feCI ₃·6H₂O 19g/L,NaNO₃ g/L sodium tartrate, and 7min at room temperature;

NiSO ₄·6H₂O 410g/L,NiCl₂·6H₂O 160g/L,H₃BO₄ g/L, saccharin 20g/L, 1.4-butynediol 7g/L, coumarin 1.4g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 2g/L, pH 3.6g/L, D _k 8A/dm², temperature 40 ℃ and time 14min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 145g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 56mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 mL/L (additive), temperature 28 ℃, D _k 7A/dm², time 12min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 5

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 100 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

190g/L of NaOH, 33g/L of ZnO, 53g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 18g/L,NaNO₃ g/L of sodium tartrate, and under the condition of room temperature, the time is 6min;

NiSO ₄·6H₂O 440g/L,NiCl₂·6H₂O 170g/L,H₃BO₄ g/L, saccharin 20g/L, 1.4-butynediol 6.5g/L, coumarin 1.2g/L, sodium dodecyl sulfate 2g/L, pH 3.6g/L, D _k 6.5A/dm², temperature 41 ℃ and time 15min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 145g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 58mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 6mL/L (additive), temperature 23 ℃, D _k 8A/dm², time 40min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 6

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 150 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

(4) The process for electroplating the dark nickel in the step (2) comprises the following steps:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 350g/L,NaCl 45g/L,Na₂SO₄ 95g/L,D_k 10A/dm², The temperature is 40 ℃ and the time is 15min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 140g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-82315 mL/L (additive), temperature 20 ℃, D _k 6A/dm², time 20min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 7

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 200 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin process flow on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire rod is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

NiSO₄·6H₂O 300g/L,NaCl 40g/L,Na₂SO₄ 85g/L,D_k 8A/dm², The temperature is 35 ℃ and the time is 10min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 170g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 60mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821L 0mL/L (additive), temperature 30 ℃, D _k 10A/dm², time 26min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 8

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 300 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

200g/L of NaOH, 33g/L of ZnO, 54g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 19g/L,NaNO₃ g/L of sodium tartrate, and under the condition of room temperature, the time is 6min;

NiSO₄·6H₂O 330g/L,NaCl 42g/L,Na₂SO₄ 89g/L,D_k 8A/dm², The temperature is 36 ℃ and the time is 14min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 150g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 58mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 7mL/L (additive), temperature 25 ℃, D _k 8A/dm², time 30min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 9

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 60 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

190g/L of NaOH, 33g/L of ZnO, 52g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 18g/L,NaNO₃ g/L of FeCI ₃·6H₂O 18g/L,NaNO₃ g/L, and under the condition of room temperature, the time is 5-10 min.

NiSO ₄·6H₂O 320g/L,NaCl 43g/L,Na₂SO₄90g/L,D_k 9A/dm², temperature 38 ℃, time 13min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 150g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 58mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 9mL/L (additive), temperature 28 ℃, D _k 9A/dm², time 13min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

Example 10

(2) Electroplating a layer of tin with the thickness of 500 mu m on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in the step (1), wherein the tin plating process flow of the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is as follows:

(3) The zinc dipping process conditions in the step (2) are as follows:

250g/L of NaOH, 38g/L of ZnO, 58g/L of potassium sodium tartrate and FeCI ₃·6H₂O 22g/L,NaNO₃ g/L of sodium tartrate, and 8min at room temperature.

NiSO₄·6H₂O 340g/L,NaCl 44g/L,Na₂SO₄ 92g/L,D_k 10A/dm², The temperature is 39 ℃ and the time is 14min;

(5) The tin electroplating process in the step (2) is as follows:

SnSO ₄ 160g/L,H₂SO₄ mL/L, SS-820 58mL/L (for cylinder opening). SS-821 mL/L (additive), temperature 26 ℃, D _k 7A/dm², time 40min. The other ingredients are added in the form of chlorides.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

TABLE 3 Table 3

Referring to table 4, table 4 is a table of performance test data of aluminum alloy conductor wires prepared according to comparative examples of the present invention without any surface treatment.

Among these, the aluminum alloy conductor wires in comparative examples 1 to 10 are the same as those in examples 1 to 10, respectively.

TABLE 4 Table 4

Referring to table 5, table 5 is a table of performance test data of the nickel-plated surface-treated aluminum alloy conductor wire alone prepared in the comparative example of the present invention.

The aluminum alloy conductor wires in comparative examples 11 to 20 were the same as those in examples 1 to 10, respectively, and the nickel plating process and the corresponding parameters were also the same as those in examples 1 to 10, respectively.

TABLE 5

From the comparison of examples, it was found that the examples were subjected to tin plating treatment on the aluminum alloy conductor material, whereas the comparative examples were not substantially different in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break between the aluminum alloy conductor wire without any surface treatment and the aluminum alloy conductor wire with only the surface plating treatment. In the aspect of electrical performance, compared with the aluminum alloy without any treatment, the surface of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced by the nickel plating treatment, and the electrical performance of the tin-plated aluminum alloy is obviously improved compared with the aluminum alloy without any treatment. The aluminum alloy subjected to nickel plating treatment and the aluminum alloy not subjected to any treatment are obviously inferior to the aluminum alloy material subjected to tin plating treatment in terms of corrosion resistance and connection performance with copper terminals, and the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy subjected to tin plating is less than or equal to 0.03mm/a, and after the aluminum alloy is connected with copper terminals, 1000 times of thermal cycle tests can be passed. With reference to GB/T4910 standard of tin-plated round copper wire, the aluminum alloys of the examples and the comparative examples are tested, the aluminum alloys without any surface treatment do not have any weldability, only the aluminum alloys with the surface nickel plating treatment have extremely poor weldability, and have certain weldability on the premise of solder resist, but still cannot pass the test requirement of the GB/T4910 standard, while the tin-plated aluminum alloys of the examples have excellent weldability and meet the requirement of the GB/T4910 standard. Through the comparative performance test, the advantages of the tin-plated aluminum alloy conductor material can be obviously seen, the aluminum alloy material optimizes a plurality of performance indexes of the aluminum alloy material through the surface tin plating treatment of the invention, realizes new breakthrough in electrical performance, corrosion resistance, connection performance and weldability, is a great breakthrough in expanding the application field of aluminum alloy cables, and provides a brand new solution for further replacing copper conductor materials.

The invention has been described in detail with respect to a tin-plated aluminum alloy conductor material for cables, a method of making and using the same, and specific examples are set forth herein to provide an understanding of the principles and embodiments of the invention, including the best mode contemplated by the inventors, and to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems, and performing any incorporated methods. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The scope of the patent protection is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.

Claims

1. The tinned aluminum alloy wire for the cable is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:

A：0.001%~2.0%；

the A is one or more of Fe, cu, mg, zn, B, ca, si, zr, mn, cr, ti, V and RE;

the balance of Al and impurities;

a tinning layer is arranged on the surface of the tinned aluminum alloy;

the tinning layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

D：0.01%~50%；

The balance of Sn and impurities;

The D is one or more of Ni, zn, fe, mg, na, K, al, as and Sb;

The thickness of the tin plating layer is 0.1-100 mu m;

The transverse dimension of the aluminum alloy matrix is 0.1-100 mm;

the tinned aluminum alloy wire is specifically a tinned aluminum alloy wire conductor.

2. The tinned aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the tin-plated layer further comprises 0.01% -50% by mass of E;

The E is one or more of Cu, mn, ca, co, ga, cd, bi, ag, C and Cl.

3. The tinned aluminum alloy wire according to claim 2, wherein the tin-plated layer further comprises 0.01% -40% by mass of F;

the F is one or more of Cr, pb, V, ti, O, si, S, P, N, B and H;

4. A tin-plated aluminum alloy wire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tin-plated layer further comprises 0.001wt% to 10wt% RE;

In the tin-plated aluminum alloy, the mass content of a tin-plated layer is 1% -40%;

5. A method for producing a tin-plated aluminum alloy wire for cables according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pretreatment step comprises one or more of surface chemical degreasing, hot water washing, cold water washing, strong alkali etching, water rinsing, and light extraction;

The zincating treatment liquid comprises:

NaOH 180~260g/L；

ZnO 30~40g/L；

50-60 g/L of potassium sodium tartrate;

FeCI₃·6H₂O 16~25g/L；

NaNO₃ 16~25g/L；

the zinc leaching time is 5-10 min.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the nickel plating comprises plating bright nickel;

NiSO₄·6H₂O 400~450 g/L；

NiCl₂·6H₂O 150~180 g/L；

H₃BO₄ 80~90 g/L；

saccharin 10-50 g/L;

6-8 g/L of 1, 4-butynediol;

Coumarin 1-2 g/L;

1-5 g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate;

the pH value of the electroplated bright nickel is 3.5-4.0;

D _k of the electroplated bright nickel is 6-8A/dm ²;

The temperature of the electroplated bright nickel is 40-45 ℃;

And the time for electroplating the bright nickel is 10-20 min.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the nickel plating comprises plating dark nickel;

NiSO₄·6H₂O 300~350 g/L；

NaCl 40~45 g/L；

Na₂SO₄ 85~95 g/L；

D _k of the electroplated dark nickel is 8-10A/dm ²;

The temperature of the electroplated dark nickel is 35-40 ℃;

and the time for electroplating the dark nickel is 10-15 min.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the tinning comprises electroplating tin;

SnSO₄140~170 g/L；

H₂SO₄ 240~270 mL/L；

SS-820 55~60 mL/L；

SS-821 5~10 mL/L；

D _k of the electroplated tin is 6-10A/dm ²;

The temperature of the electrotinning is 20-30 ℃;

the time for electroplating tin is 5-40 min.