CN116799486A - Dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a dual polarized array scanning antenna unit, comprising: the dual-polarized radiation unit comprises four electromagnetic dipole radiation units, wherein each electromagnetic dipole radiation unit comprises a horizontal patch and a vertical patch which is perpendicular to the horizontal patch, and the electric dipole radiation of the horizontal patch is complementary with the magnetic dipole radiation of the vertical patch; the dual-polarized feed network comprises two one-to-two power division networks, and output ports of the one-to-two power division networks are respectively fed to electromagnetic dipoles through gap coupling to excite the electromagnetic dipoles to generate corresponding polarized radiation beams. The application has the beneficial effects that: when the E-plane and the H-plane are scanned, the gains of the antenna are reduced uniformly at two azimuth planes, so that the uniformity of the E-plane and the H-plane directional patterns is kept conveniently.

Description

Dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit.

Background

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, limited installation space is limited, so that existing networks and services can evolve smoothly, and existing wireless communication systems generally require antennas to scan at least in two azimuth planes, however, since most unit antennas are not consistent in the E-plane and H-plane patterns, this requirement significantly increases the complexity of antenna design. The dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antenna realizes electric dipole and magnetic dipole radiation by exciting a pair of horizontal patch and vertical patch simultaneously by using a gamma probe, and the current electromagnetic dipole antenna technology and structure have the following problems:

first, improvements in dual polarized electromagnetic dipole antennas have been focused largely on increasing the impedance bandwidth of such antennas, and not on maintaining the consistency of the E-plane and H-plane patterns within the operating frequency band.

Secondly, most of electromagnetic dipole antennas disclosed at present have complex feeding structures, difficult processing and difficult array combination in order to maintain good performance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, the present application aims to provide a dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:

the first aspect of the present application provides a dual polarized array scanning antenna unit, comprising:

the dual-polarized radiation unit comprises four electromagnetic dipole radiation units, wherein each electromagnetic dipole radiation unit comprises a horizontal patch and a vertical patch which is perpendicular to the horizontal patch, and the electric dipole radiation of the horizontal patch is complementary with the magnetic dipole radiation of the vertical patch;

the dual-polarized feed network comprises two one-to-two power division networks, and output ports of the one-to-two power division networks are respectively fed to electromagnetic dipoles through gap coupling to excite the electromagnetic dipoles to generate corresponding polarized radiation beams.

Further, the vertical patch is formed by bending a straight plate by 90 degrees, the upper end of the vertical patch is connected with the horizontal patch, the lower end of the vertical patch is connected with the bottom plate, and the vertical patch is perpendicular to the bottom plate;

the vertical patch and the horizontal patch are structural members with good conductors.

Furthermore, a cross gap is formed in the bottom plate, and four end parts of the cross gap are of a bending structure.

Further, the electrical length L of the horizontal patch is between 20% and 30% of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency;

the electrical length H of the vertical patch is between 20% and 30% of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

Further, a dielectric substrate is fixedly arranged on the lower end face of the bottom plate, and a dual-polarized feed network is arranged on the end face, far away from the bottom plate, of the dielectric substrate.

Further, the four electromagnetic dipole radiating elements are uniformly arranged clockwise along the axis of the bottom plate.

Further, the two one-to-two power division networks are orthogonally arranged.

Further, the output ports of each one-to-two power division network are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the bottom plate.

Further, the one-to-two power divider comprises two Wilkinson power dividers, and the input impedance of the end coupling feed of the debugging power divider is 40-60 ohms.

A second aspect of the present application provides a wireless communication device, an antenna unit of the wireless communication device is the dual polarized array scanning antenna unit of the first aspect.

The third aspect of the application provides a radar, wherein an antenna unit of the radar is the dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit in the first aspect.

Compared with the prior art, the dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit has the following components

The beneficial effects are that:

(1) According to the dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit, when E-plane and H-plane scanning is carried out, gains of the antenna are reduced uniformly on two azimuth planes, so that the uniformity of the E-plane and H-plane directional patterns is kept conveniently.

(2) The dual-polarized array scanning antenna unit adopts microstrip line slot coupling feed, reduces manufacturing cost, bends the tail part of the slot, reduces the overall size of the antenna, and has simple overall structure and easy processing.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the application;

fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a dual-polarized feeding network according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a simulation result of reflection coefficients of two power division network input ports in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a graph simulation result of E-plane and H-plane at 5GHz according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a graph simulation result of E-plane and H-plane at 5.5GHz according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a graph simulation result of E-plane and H-plane at 6GHz according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a graph simulation result of E-plane and H-plane at 6.5GHz according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a graph simulation result of E-plane and H-plane at 7GHz according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 shows the simulation results of the patterns of the E-plane and the H-plane at 7.5GHz according to the embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. a horizontal patch; 2. a vertical patch; 3. a bottom plate; 4. a dielectric substrate; 5. a dual polarized feed network; 31. a cross slit; 32. a bending structure; .

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.

Embodiment one:

as shown in fig. 1 to 11, a dual polarized array scanning antenna unit includes:

the dual-polarized radiation unit comprises four electromagnetic dipole radiation units, wherein each electromagnetic dipole radiation unit comprises a horizontal patch 1 and a vertical patch 2 which is perpendicular to the horizontal patch 1, and the electromagnetic dipole radiation of the horizontal patch 1 is complementary with the magnetic dipole radiation of the vertical patch 2;

the dual-polarized feed network 5, the dual-polarized feed network 5 comprises two one-to-two power division networks, and the output ports of the one-to-two power division networks are respectively fed to electromagnetic dipoles through slot coupling to excite the electromagnetic dipoles to generate corresponding polarized radiation beams.

The vertical patch 2 is formed by bending a straight plate by 90 degrees, the upper end of the vertical patch 2 is connected with the horizontal patch 1, the lower end of the vertical patch 2 is connected with the bottom plate 3, and the vertical patch 2 is arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate 3;

the vertical patch 2 and the horizontal patch 1 are both structural members with good conductors.

The bottom plate 3 is provided with a cross slit 31, and four ends of the cross slit 31 adopt a bending structure 32. A dielectric substrate 4 is fixedly arranged on the lower end face of the bottom plate 3, and a dual-polarized feed network 5 is arranged on the end face of the dielectric substrate 4 away from the bottom plate 3. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 4 is a rogers rt/duroid6006 with 0.254mm, and the substrate has a bottom plate 3 with a cross-shaped slot on one side, and the slot must be long enough to ensure enough energy coupling, but this increases the overall size of the antenna, so the tail of the slot is bent to reduce the size.

The four electromagnetic dipole radiating elements are uniformly arranged clockwise along the axis of the bottom plate 3.

The two one-to-two power division networks are arranged in an orthogonal mode, and coupling between two polarizations can be reduced.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the output ports of each one-to-two power distribution network are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the base plate 3. The dual-polarized feed network 5 is a microstrip line slot coupling feed, each polarization comprises an input port #1 and two output ports #1 and #2, and the two output ports are symmetrical about the center, so that two pairs of electromagnetic dipole antennas can be excited uniformly.

The one-to-two power divider comprises two Wilkinson power dividers, and the input impedance of the end coupling feed of the debugging power divider is 40-60 ohms. The two wilkinson power dividers can meet the required working bandwidth of the antenna, and in the embodiment, the input impedance of the antenna is ensured to be 50 ohms by adjusting the end coupling feed position of the power divider.

The working process comprises the following steps:

the dual polarized radiation unit is composed of four modules which are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in a clockwise direction, each module comprises a horizontal patch 1 and a short-circuit patch which is bent by 90 degrees and is vertically arranged, when polarization in one direction (for example, X direction) is excited, two groups of modules which are opposite by taking the X direction as a mirror face form two pairs of electromagnetic dipole antennas to generate radiation waves.

Referring to fig. 5-8:

when t=0, the surface current values on the two horizontal vibrators reach the minimum, and the surface current values on the two vertical patches 2 reach the maximum and opposite directions, so that a current loop is formed, and the magnetic dipole plays a main radiation role at the moment;

when t=t/4 (T is the resonance period at 6 GHz), the surface currents on the two horizontal vibrators point in the same direction along the vibrators with the largest current value, while the surface currents on the two vertical patches 2 are the smallest, at which time the electric dipole plays the main radiating role;

when t=t/2, the magnetic dipoles are excited again, the surface current direction on the two vertical patches 2 is exactly opposite to the current direction at time t=0;

when t=3t/4, the electric dipoles are excited again, the surface current direction on the two horizontal vibrators is opposite to the current direction at the moment t=t/4, so that the two pairs of horizontal patches 1 (equivalent to the electric dipoles) and the two pairs of vertical patches 2 (equivalent to the two pairs of current loops) work alternately, generating radiation beams with corresponding polarization directions.

In the embodiment, 6GHz is selected as the working frequency of the electromagnetic dipole in the embodiment, the working frequency range is 5GHz-7.5GHz, and the consistency of the E-plane and H-plane patterns can be kept in the whole working frequency range.

The electrical length L of the horizontal patch 1 is selected to correspond to the electrical length H of the vertical patch 2 of the antenna by a wavelength of 0.2 to 0.3 center frequencies to ensure that the electric and magnetic dipoles resonate at about the center frequency of operation.

The simulation experiment results show that under the premise of meeting impedance matching, the antenna can keep the symmetry of the E-plane and the H-plane directional patterns (the maximum difference of the directional patterns is less than 3 dB) in a wider working bandwidth (5 GHz-7.5 GHz), meanwhile, the antenna has the characteristics of simple structure and easy processing, and the E-plane and H-plane directional patterns are symmetrical, so that when the antenna unit is used for forming an area array for scanning the E-plane and the H-plane, the gains of the antenna are reduced consistently in two azimuth planes, and the array design is facilitated.

Embodiment two:

a wireless communication device has antenna units as dual polarized array scanning antenna units on one side of the embodiment.

Embodiment III:

a radar, the antenna unit of the radar is the dual polarized array scanning antenna unit of the first embodiment.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and method steps of each example described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the elements and steps of each example have been described generally in terms of functionality in the foregoing description to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and systems may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described division of units is merely a logical function division, and there may be another division manner when actually implemented, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. The units may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment of the present application.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. A dual polarized array scan antenna element comprising:

the dual-polarized radiation unit comprises four electromagnetic dipole radiation units, wherein each electromagnetic dipole radiation unit comprises a horizontal patch (1) and a vertical patch (2) which is perpendicular to the horizontal patch (1), and the electric dipole radiation of the horizontal patch (1) is complementary with the magnetic dipole radiation of the vertical patch (2);

the dual-polarized feed network (5) comprises two one-to-two power division networks, and output ports of the one-to-two power division networks are respectively fed to electromagnetic dipoles through gap coupling to excite the electromagnetic dipoles to generate radiation beams with corresponding polarization.

2. A dual polarized array scan antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical patch (2) is formed by bending a straight plate by 90 degrees, the upper end of the vertical patch (2) is connected with the horizontal patch (1), the lower end of the vertical patch (2) is connected with the bottom plate (3), and the vertical patch (2) is perpendicular to the bottom plate (3);

the vertical patch (2) and the horizontal patch (1) are structural members with good conductors.

3. A dual polarized array scan antenna element according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom plate (3) is provided with a cross gap (31), and four ends of the cross gap (31) are of a bending structure (32).

4. A dual polarized array scan antenna element according to claim 3, wherein: the lower end face of the bottom plate (3) is fixedly provided with a medium substrate (4), and the end face, far away from the bottom plate (3), of the medium substrate (4) is provided with a dual-polarized feed network (5).

5. The dual polarized array scan antenna element of claim 4, wherein: the electric length L of the horizontal patch (1) is between 20% and 30% of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency;

the electrical length H of the vertical patch (2) is between 20% and 30% of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

6. The dual polarized array scan antenna element of claim 4, wherein: the four electromagnetic dipole radiating units are uniformly arranged clockwise along the axis of the bottom plate (3);

and the two one-to-two power division networks are orthogonally arranged.

7. The dual polarized array scan antenna element of claim 4, wherein: the output ports of each one-to-two power division network are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the bottom plate (3).

8. A dual polarized array scan antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: the one-to-two power divider comprises two Wilkinson power dividers, and the input impedance of the end coupling feed of the debugging power divider is 40-60 ohms.

9. A wireless communication apparatus, characterized in that: the antenna unit of the wireless communication device is the dual polarized array scanning antenna unit of any one of claims 1-8.

10. A radar, characterized by: the antenna unit of the radar is the dual polarized array scanning antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-8.