CN1167694C - 1-苯基-4-(1-[2-芳基]环丙基)甲基哌嗪:多巴胺受体配体 - Google Patents
1-苯基-4-(1-[2-芳基]环丙基)甲基哌嗪:多巴胺受体配体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1167694C CN1167694C CNB008040923A CN00804092A CN1167694C CN 1167694 C CN1167694 C CN 1167694C CN B008040923 A CNB008040923 A CN B008040923A CN 00804092 A CN00804092 A CN 00804092A CN 1167694 C CN1167694 C CN 1167694C
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- C07D295/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements
- C07D295/027—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements containing only one hetero ring
- C07D295/03—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements containing only one hetero ring with the ring nitrogen atoms directly attached to acyclic carbon atoms
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- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明公开了式(I)的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5、R6、R7和R8代表如本文中所定义的有机和/或无机取代基,该化合物可用来治疗和/或预防神经精神病,包括但不限于精神分裂症、躁狂症、痴呆、抑郁症、焦虑、强迫观念与行为、滥用化学品、类似帕金森氏症的运动失常和与使用神经安定药有关的运动失常。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及1-苯基-4-(1-[2-芳基]环丙基)甲基哌嗪衍生物和包含这种化合物的药物组合物。本发明还涉及这种化合物在治疗或预防如精神分裂症和其它中枢神经系统疾病等精神疾病中的用途。
相关技术描述
一般认为,称作精神抑制药的常规抗精神病药是通过阻断多巴胺受体而发挥其疗效的。但是,精神抑制药常常是造成不合需要的锥体束外副作用(EPS)和迟缓性运动功能障碍的原因,所述锥体束外副作用和迟缓性运动功能障碍归因于大脑纹状体区的D2受体的阻断。最近确定了多巴胺D4受体的亚型(Nature,
350:610(Van Tol等人,1991);Nature,
347:146(Sokoloff等人,1990))。其在边缘脑区域的独特定位作用及其对各种抗精神病药的差异识别作用表明,D4受体在精神分裂症的病因中起主要作用。选择性的D4拮抗剂被认为是有效的抗精神病药,没有常规精神抑制药所显示出来的神经副作用。
发明概述
本发明提供新颖的式I的化合物,该化合物与多巴胺亚型相互作用。因此,本发明的第一方面涉及式I的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R3和R4相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
A为具有1-3个碳原子的亚烷基;而
R5、R6、R7和R8相同或相异并代表氢或C1-C6烷基。
多巴胺D4受体集中在控制认知和情绪的脑边缘系统(Science,
265:1034(Taubes,1994))。因此,能够与这些受体相互作用的化合物可用于治疗认知性疾病。这种疾病包括认知缺乏,这是精神分裂症阴性症状(社交退缩和无反应性)的显著组成部分。其它疾病包括记忆力损伤或注意力缺乏。
在与D4受体亚型结合方面,本发明的化合物表现出高度的亲合性和选择性。因此,这些化合物可用于治疗各种神经性精神病,如精神分裂症、精神抑郁症和躁狂症。也可以通过调节D4受体,直接或间接地治疗其它以多巴胺介导的疾病,如类似帕金森氏症和迟缓性运动功能障碍。
本发明的化合物还可以通过调节D4受体,用来治疗抑郁、记忆丧失或阿尔海默氏(Alzheimer)疾病,因为它们选择性地存在于已知的控制情绪和认知功能的区域。
于是,本发明的另一方面是提供治疗和/或预防的方法,以治疗和/或预防神经性精神病或情感性疾病,这些疾病包括,例如,精神分裂症,躁狂症,痴呆,抑郁症,焦虑,强迫观念与行为,(精神作用)物质滥用,记忆丧失,认知缺乏,类似帕金森氏症的运动失常、如帕金森氏症和肌张力障碍,以及与使用神经安定药有关的运动失常。另外,本发明的化合物可用于治疗抑郁、记忆丧失或阿尔海默氏疾病。而且,本发明的化合物可用来治疗对多巴胺能阻断有反应的其它疾病,如物质滥用和强迫观念与行为的疾病。同时,这些化合物可用来治疗与常规精神抑制药的使用有关的锥体束外副作用。
此外,只要适当地标记,本发明的化合物还可以用作定位多巴胺受体的探针。受体的定位可以在体外进行,例如通过组织断面的自动射线照相术术来进行;也可以在体内进行,例如通过正电子发射断层扫描(PET)来进行。
再一方面,本发明提供包含式I化合物的药物组合物。
此外,本发明提供用来制备式I化合物的中间体。
同时,本发明提供制备本发明的化合物的方法。
发明详述
本发明包括上面所述的式I的化合物。
优选的式I的化合物,是那些其中的R5、R6、R7和R8为C1-C3烷基,更优选为氢或甲基的化合物。更优选的式I的化合物,是那些其中的R5、R6、R7和R8为氢的化合物。在更优选的式I的化合物中,R5和R8位的氢互为反式构型。特别优选R1、R2、R3和R4为氢、卤素或低级烷基的式I的化合物。
在其它优选的式I的化合物中,当R1和R3-R8均为氢时,R2不为叔丁基,更优选其不为C1-C6烷基。
另外,本发明包括下面式II的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R3和R4相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;而
R5、R6、R7和R8相同或相异并代表氢或C1-C6烷基;
条件是当R1和R3-R8均为氢时,R2不为叔丁基。
在优选的式II的化合物中,R5和R8互为反式构型。在更优选的式II的化合物中,R5、R6、R7和R8均为氢或甲基。更优选的式II的化合物是那些R5、R6、R7和R8均为氢的化合物。在最优选的式I的化合物中,R5和R8位的氢互为反式构型。特别优选R1、R2、R3和R4为氢、卤素或低级烷基的式I的化合物。
在其它优选的式I的化合物中,当R1和R2之一为氢时,另一个可以为卤素,并优选位于苯环的对位。在这些优选的化合物中,优选R3和R4位于对位、一个位于邻位,即位于相对于苯环连接点的4和2位,且为氢、卤素或C1-C3烷基,条件是R3和R4之一不为氢。
另外,本发明包括下面式III的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R3和R4相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;而
R5、R6、R7和R8相同或相异并代表氢或C1-C3烷基。
优选的式III的化合物是那些其中的R1和R2独立地为氢、卤素、甲基或乙基的化合物。在更优选的式III的化合物中,R1和R2均为氢。
在其它优选的式III化合物中,至少一个R1和R2不为氢。在更优选的式III化合物中,R1和R2至少一个不为氢,即它选自卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基,且R3和R4位于苯环的2位和4位。在这些优选的式III的化合物中,R5、R6、R7和R8为氢或甲基。此外,在这些优选的式III的化合物中,R5和R8互为反式构型。
另外,本发明包括下面式IV的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R3和R4相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;而
R5、R6、R7和R8相同或相异并代表氢或C1-C3烷基。
优选的式IV的化合物是那些其中的R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基的化合物。更优选的式IV的化合物是那些其中的R5、R6、R7和R8为氢或甲基的化合物。在优选的式IV的化合物中,R5和R8互为反式构型。
其它更优选的式IV化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基的化合物。特别优选的式IV化合物是那些R4为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基,且R3为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基的化合物。
其它优选的式IV的化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、氯或甲基的化合物。更优选的式IV的化合物是那些其中的R4为氢、溴、氯、甲基、硝基或氨基的化合物。特别优选的式IV的化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、氯或甲基,且R4为氢、溴、氯、甲基、硝基或氨基的化合物。
另外,本发明包括下面式Va的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R3和R4相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;而
R5、R6、R7和R8相同或相异并代表氢或C1-C3烷基。
优选的式Va的化合物是那些其中的R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基的化合物。更优选的式Va的化合物是那些其中的R5、R6、R7和R8为氢或甲基的化合物。在优选的式Va的化合物中,R5和R8互为反式构型。
其它更优选的式Va化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基的化合物。特别优选的式Va化合物是那些R4为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基,且R3为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基的化合物。
其它优选的式Va的化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、氯或甲基的化合物。还有其它优选的式Va的化合物是那些其中的R4为氢、溴、氯、甲基、硝基或氨基的化合物。特别优选的式Va的化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、氯或甲基,且R4为氢、溴、氯、甲基、硝基或氨基的化合物。
在其它优选的式Va的化合物中,R1和R2之一可以为卤素,并优选位于苯环的对位,同时另一个为氢。在这些优选的化合物中,优选R3和R4位于对位,一个位于邻位,即位于相对于苯环连接点的4位和2位,且均为氢、卤素或C1-C3烷基,条件是R3和R4至少一个不为氢。
特别优选的本发明的化合物,是那些具有下面立体构型骨架的化合物:
这种化合物包括于式Va中。
另外,本发明包括下面式Vb的化合物:
其中:
R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;
R3和R4相同或相异并代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基、全氟代(C1-C6)烷基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基;而
R5、R6、R7和R8相同或相异并代表氢或C1-C3烷基。
优选的式Vb的化合物是那些其中的R1和R2独立地代表氢、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、羟基、氨基、一或二(C1-C6)烷基氨基、氰基、硝基或全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基的化合物。更优选的式Vb的化合物是那些其中的R5、R6、R7和R8为氢或甲基的化合物。在优选的式Vb的化合物中,R5和R8互为反式构型。
其它更优选的式Vb化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基的化合物。特别优选的式Vb化合物是那些R4为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基,且R3为氢、卤素、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基的化合物。
其它优选的式Vb的化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、氯或甲基的化合物。还有其它优选的式Vb的化合物是那些其中的R4为氢、溴、氯、甲基、硝基或氨基的化合物。特别优选的式Vb的化合物是那些其中的R3为氢、氯或甲基,且R4为氢、溴、氯、甲基、硝基或氨基的化合物。
在其它优选的式Vb的化合物中,R1和R2之一可以为卤素,并优选位于苯环的对位,同时另一个为氢。在这些优选的化合物中,优选R3和R4位于对位,一个位于邻位,即位于相对于苯环连接点的4位和2位,且均为氢、卤素或C1-C3烷基,条件是至少一个R3和R4不为氢。
在某些情况下,式I的化合物可以包含一个或多个不对称碳原子,以便该化合物以不同的立体异构体形式存在。举例来说,这些化合物可以是外消旋体或光学活性形式。在这些情况下,可以通过不对称合成或外消旋体拆分得到单一的对映体,即光学活性形式。例如,外消旋体的拆分可以通过常规方法,如存在拆分试剂下的结晶或用手性HPLC柱进行的色谱来完成。
包括于式I中的本发明的代表性化合物,包括但不限于表1中的化合物及其可药用的加成盐。另外,如果本发明的化合物是以加成盐的形式得到的,那么可以通过碱化该酸性盐的溶液得到游离碱。反过来,如果产物为游离碱,那么可以根据由碱性化合物制备酸加成盐的常规方法,通过将该游离碱溶解于适宜的有机溶剂,并用酸处理该溶液而得到加成盐、特别是可药用的加成盐。
无毒的药用盐包括盐酸盐,磷酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,亚磺酸盐,甲酸盐,甲苯磺酸盐,甲磺酸盐,硝酸盐,苯甲酸盐,柠檬酸盐,酒石酸盐,马来酸盐,氢碘酸盐,链烷酸盐如乙酸盐、HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n为0-4)盐等。本领域的技术人员会想到很多无毒的可药用的加成盐。
本发明还包括式I化合物的酰基化前药。本领域的技术人员会想到各种合成方法,用以制备无毒的可药用的加成盐和式I化合物的酰基化前药。
尽管化合物以多种互变异构体的形式存在,但是本发明不受限于任何一种特定的互变异构体。本发明包括化合物的所有互变异构体形式。
在本发明中,“C1-C6烷基”或“低级烷基”是指具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,如甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,戊基,2-戊基,异戊基,新戊基,己基,2-己基,3-己基和3-甲基戊基。优选的C1-C6烷基为甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,环丙基和环丙基甲基。
在本发明中,“C1-C6烷氧基”或“低级烷氧基”是指具有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,如甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,仲丁氧基,叔丁氧基,戊氧基,2-戊氧基,异戊氧基,新戊氧基,己氧基,2-己氧基,3-己氧基和3-甲基戊氧基。本文中,优选的烷氧基为C1-C4烷氧基。
本发明的全氟代(C1-C6)烷基优选为三氟甲基。本发明的全氟代(C1-C6)烷氧基优选为三氟链烷氧基。
在本发明中,术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。
芳基是指具有一个环(如苯环)或两个环(如联苯基)的芳香性碳环基团。这种基团可以是单取代、二取代或三取代的。适宜的取代基包括如卤素,低级烷基,低级烷氧基,低级烷硫基,三氟甲基,低级酰氧基,芳基,杂芳基和羟基。
在本发明中,杂芳基(芳杂环)是指一个或多个5-、6-或7-元环的芳环体系,其中含有至少1个最多4个选自氮、氧或硫的杂原子。这种杂芳基包括如噻吩基,呋喃基,噻唑基,咪唑基,(异)噁唑基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,(异)喹啉基,1,5-二氮杂萘基,苯并咪唑基和苯并噁唑基。
本发明的有代表性的化合物示于表1中。
表1
具有这种骨架的化合物是优选的。
本发明还涉及通式I的化合物在治疗神经性精神疾病中的用途。本发明的化合物与多巴胺的相互作用示于实施例中。这种相互作用导致了这些化合物的药理学活性。
通式I的化合物可以按剂量单位制剂的形式口服给药,局部给药,非经肠胃给药,通过吸入或喷洒给药或通过直肠给药,所述的制剂含有常规无毒的可药用的载体、辅药和赋形剂。本文中所使用的术语“非经肠胃给药”包括皮下注射,静脉、肌肉、胸骨内注射,或输注技术。另外,本发明提供一种药物制剂,该制剂包含通式I的化合物和可药用的载体。一种或多种式I的化合物,可以和一种或多种无毒可药用的载体和/或稀释剂和/或辅药和其他活性成分(如果需要)一起存在。含通式I化合物的药物组合物可以是适于口服的形式,例如,片剂、锭剂(troches)、锭剂(lozenge)、水或油混悬剂、可分散的粉末或颗粒、乳剂、硬或软胶囊、或者糖浆或酏剂。
用于口服的组合物,可以根据本领域中任何已知的药物组合物的制备方法来制备,这种组合物可以包含一种或多种选自甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂和防腐剂的试剂,以提供药学上极为可口的制剂。片剂包含活性成分,其中混有适于制备片剂的无毒可药用的赋形剂。举例来说,这些赋形剂可以是惰性稀释剂,如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;造粒剂和崩解剂,如玉米淀粉或褐藻酸;粘合剂,如淀粉、白明胶或阿拉伯树胶;和润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石。片剂可以不包衣,也可以按已知的技术包衣,以延缓在胃肠道的崩解和吸收,并由此提供一种长期的缓释作用。举例来说,可以使用诸如甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯等延时物质。
口服制剂也可以是硬质白明胶胶囊,其中的活性成分与惰性稀释剂如碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土一起混合,也可以是软质白明胶胶囊,其中的活性成分与水或油介质,如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油一起混合。
水混悬剂包含混有赋形剂的活性成分,该赋形剂适于制备水混悬剂。这种赋形剂为悬浮剂,例如,羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、褐藻酸钠、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、黄芪树胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散和湿润剂可以是天然存在的磷脂,如卵磷脂,或者是亚烷基氧化物与脂肪酸的缩合产物,如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,或者是氧化乙烯与长链脂肪醇的缩合产物,如十七乙烯氧基鲸蜡醇,或者氧化乙烯与来自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物,如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯,或者氧化乙烯与来自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物,如聚乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。水混悬剂还可以包含一种或多种防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种调味剂,以及一种或多种甜味剂,如蔗糖或淀粉。
油状混悬剂可以通过将活性成分悬浮于植物油如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油,或者悬浮于矿物油如液体石蜡中而制备。油状混悬剂可以包含稠化剂,如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。甜味剂为如上述那些调味剂,可以加入调味剂,以提供可口的口服制剂。这些组合物可以通过加入抗氧剂,如加入抗坏血酸来防腐。
适于通过加水制备水混悬剂的可分散的粉末和颗粒,提供了混有分散剂或湿润剂、悬浮剂和或一种或多种防腐剂的活性成分。适宜的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂的实例为上面已经提到的那些。也可以加入额外赋形剂,如甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物也可以是水包油的乳剂。油相可以是植物油,如橄榄油或花生油,或者矿物油,如液体石蜡,或者这些油的混合物。适宜的乳化剂可以是天然胶,如阿拉伯树胶或黄芪树胶,天然磷脂(如大豆)、卵磷脂,和衍生于脂肪酸和己糖醇的、己糖醇酐的酯或偏酯,如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯以及所述偏酯与氧化乙烯的缩合产物,如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。所述的乳化剂还可以包含甜味剂和调味剂。
糖浆和酏剂可以用甜味剂如甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇或蔗糖来制备。这种制剂还可以包含缓和剂、防腐剂以及调味剂和着色剂。该药物组合物可以是无菌可注射的水质或油质混悬剂的形式。该混悬剂可以根据已知技术,用上面提到的那些适宜的分散或湿润剂和悬浮剂来制备。无菌可注射的制剂,还可以是无毒的肠胃道外给药可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射液或混悬剂,如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可以使用的可接受赋形剂和溶剂是水、Ringer溶液和等渗的氯化钠溶液。另外,常用无菌、不挥发的油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。为此,可以使用任何无刺激的不挥发油,包括合成的单甘油酯或二甘油酯。此外,发现脂肪酸如油酸可用于该可注射制剂中。
通式I的化合物还可以按用于直肠的栓剂形式给药。这些组合物可以通过将该药物与合适的无毒赋形剂混合而制备,该无毒赋形剂在常温下是固体而在直肠温度下是液体并因此在直肠中熔化而释放药物。这种物质是可可脂和聚乙二醇。
通式I的化合物可以以无菌介质的形式不经肠胃给药。根据所使用的赋形剂和浓度,该药物可以悬浮或溶解于赋形剂中。优选的是可以将辅药如局部麻醉药、防腐剂和缓冲剂溶解于赋形剂中。
每千克体重每天0.1毫克至约140毫克的医嘱剂量水平,可用来治疗上述各种疾病(约0.5毫克至约7克每位患者每天)。可与载体物质混合以制备单一剂量形式的活性成分用量,将依据所要治疗的宿主和具体的给药方式而改变。剂量单位形式通常包含约1毫克至约500毫克的活性成分。
但是,应当理解,对任何具体患者的特定剂量水平将依据许多因素而变化的,这些因素包括所使用的具体化合物的活性、患者年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、给药途径、排泄速度、药物组合以及经受治疗的具体疾病的严重程度。
图解I中给出了本发明化合物的有代表性的合成方法。本领域的技术人员会意识到,可以改变原料并使用另外的步骤来制备本发明的化合物。
图解I
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5、R6、R7和R8如式I中所定义的一样。
如上所示,2-芳基环丙烷羧酸
VII是由肉桂酸
VI制备的,方法是使肉桂酸与适当取代的二碘甲烷(R6R7CI2)和套淀积铜的锌片接触。该方法(Simmons-Smith反应)的变量在文献中(见Organic Reaction,Vol.20,pages 1-131,1982)是众所周知的。然后令羧酸
VII与适当取代的1-苯基哌嗪(
VIII)在偶联剂的存在下缩合,得到环丙基羧酰胺
IX。适宜的偶联剂包括碳酰二咪唑(CDI)、二环己基碳酰二亚胺(DCC)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)鏻(BOP)等。其后,式Ia化合物可以通过用适当的还原剂如铝烷(AlH3)、硼烷(BH3)或氢化铝锂还原IX而制备。式I的化合物可由哌嗪VIII开始类似地制备。这样,哌嗪VIII可以用适宜的烷基化试剂烷基化,接着使其与酸VII偶联。所述的偶联可以用酸VII的衍生物来进行,如用该酸的还原形式(即醇或醛)来进行。
结构通式
VI、
VII和
VIII的化合物既可以商购,也可以按本领域中已知的方法来制备。如果不能从商业上买到,则可以按类似于文献中所描述的方法来制备结构通式
VI、
VII和
VIII的化合物。本领域的技术人员会意识到,可以改变原料并使用另外的步骤来制备本发明的化合物。
反-2-苯基环丙烷羧酸的对映异构体可以用Overberger(Macromolecules,4,718(1971))方法来制备。
本领域的技术人员会意识到,可以改变原料并使用另外的步骤来制备本发明的化合物,如下列实施例所示。一些情况下,需要保护某些具有反应活性的官能团,以实现上述的某些转换。一般来说,需要这种保护基团以及接上和除去这种基团的条件,对有机合成领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
在本申请中公开的所有论文和参考文献,包括专利,均引作本文的参考文献。
本发明将通过下面的实施例得到进一步的阐述,不能认为所述的实施例将本发明的范围和构思限制于其中所描述的具体方法。
实施例1
反-2-(4-氯代苯基)环丙烷羧酸
搅拌锌粉末(6.54克,0.1摩尔)和氯化亚铜(1克,0.01摩尔)于二氯甲烷(30毫升)中的混合物,并在氮气氛下加热回流30分钟。待反应混合物冷却至室温后,向该混合物中加入二碘甲烷(13.4克,0.05摩尔),然后将该混合物再回流1小时。冷却至0℃之后,加入反-4-氯代肉桂酸(9.1克)。将反应物在2小时内温热至室温,然后回流3天。在0℃下,通过加入30毫升乙醚和30毫升冰冷却的10%硫酸溶液来结束该反应。有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩,以得到所需的白色固体产品。1H NMR(CDCl3)7.25(d,J=7Hz,2H),7.05(d,J=7Hz,2H),2.58(m,1H),1.85(m,1H),1.65(m,1H),1.37(m,1H)。
实施例2
1-(4-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-[4-氯代苯基]环丙基)羰基哌嗪
向反-2-(4-氯代苯基)环丙烷羧酸(80毫克,0.4毫摩尔)于3毫升干燥二氯甲烷的溶液中,加入二异丙基乙基胺(0.15毫升)、1-(4-氯代苯基)哌嗪(110毫克)和六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)鏻(BOP,0.2克)。将所得到的混合物搅拌过夜,向其中加入10毫升二氯甲烷并用水(2×10毫升)洗涤该溶液。有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。所得物通过快速色谱以30%EtOAc/己烷为洗脱剂进行纯化,得到所需的黄色油状的酰胺。1H NMR(CDCl3)7.2(m,4H),7.03(d,J=7Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=7Hz,2H),3.8(m,4H),3.18(m,4H),2.50(m,1H),1.95(m,1H),1.62(m,1H),1.25(m,1H)。
实施例3
1-(4-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-[4-氯代苯基]环丙基)甲基哌嗪
向1-(4-氯代苯基)-4-([反-2-苯基]环丙基)羰基哌嗪(70毫克)的四氢呋喃(3毫升)溶液中,加入铝烷的四氢呋喃溶液(1M,0.6毫升)。将所得到的混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,浓缩,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用1N的NaOH溶液和水洗涤。得到的有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。所得物通过径向展开色谱以2%甲醇/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂进行纯化,得到30毫克白色的固体产物(化合物3)。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.2(m,4H),6.97(d,J=7Hz,2H),6.82(d,J=7Hz,2H),3.18(M,4H),2.70(m,4H),2.63(dd,J=7,5Hz,1H),2.4(m,1H),1.65(m,1H),1.22(m,1H),0.9(m,2H)。富马酸盐(化合物3A)是在甲醇中制备并从乙酸乙酯中结晶出来的。m.p.111-113℃。
实施例4
基本上根据上述方法制备下列化合物。
(a)1-(2-甲基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(化合物6)
(b)1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(化合物7)
(c)(S,S)1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(化合物4,m.p.224-225℃)
(d)(R,R)1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(化合物5,m.p.205-206℃)
(e)1-(2-甲基-4-硝基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(m.p.197-198℃)(化合物8)
(f)1-(2-甲基-4-氨基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(m.p.284-285℃)(化合物9)
(g)1-(2-甲基-4-溴代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(m.p.182-183℃)(化合物10)
(h)1-(4-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(m.p.229-231℃)(化合物11)
(i)1-(2,4-二氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(化合物2,m.p.206-207℃)
(j)1-(2-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪氢溴酸盐(化合物1,m.p.201-203℃)
实施例5
通过下面的对多巴胺受体亚型的亲和力试验,来简要地说明本发明化合物的药效。
D2和D4受体结合活性的测定
用含有重组产生的人类D2和D4受体的COS细胞团进行试验。样品在4℃和pH7.4下,于100体积(w/vol)0.05M的Tris HCl缓冲液中均质化。然后,将样品在30000×g下离心分离,并再悬浮再均质。之后,将样品按如上所述进行离心分离,并将最终的组织样品冷冻备用。将所述组织按1∶20(wt/vol)再悬浮于含有100mM NaCl的0.05M的Tris HCl缓冲液中。
培养是在48℃下进行的,并且含有0.4毫升组织样品、0.5nM的3H-YM09151-2和有关的化合物,整个培养液为1.0毫升。非特异性结合的定义是在螺环哌啶酮为1mM时发现的结合;在不进一步加入时,该非特异性结合低于全部结合的20%。本专利的实施例对D2和D4受体亚型的结合特性示于表2。
表2
化合物序号 | D4 Ki(nM) | D2 Ki(nM) |
1 | 8 | 7 |
2 | 8 | 90 |
3 | 8 | 523 |
4 | 2 | 75 |
5 | 10 | 51 |
式I化合物对D4受体的结合常数(通常以nM表示)的范围为0.1纳摩尔(nM)至约50纳摩尔(nM)。优选的是,这种化合物的结合常数约束在约0.1至10nM。这些化合物对D2的结合常数优选至少约50nM,尽管可以使用D2结合常数更低的化合物。这样,本发明的化合物对D4受体的选择性至少是对D2受体的选择性的5倍。优选这些化合物对D4的选择性至少是对D2的选择性的10倍,更优选15-50倍。
实施例6
本发明放射性标记的探针化合物的制备
通过使用至少包含一种放射性同位素原子的前体而进行的合成,将本发明的化合物制备成放射性标记的探针。这样的产品即为本发明的至少包含一种放射性原子的化合物。所述的放射性同位素优选选自碳(优选14C)、氢(优选3H)、硫(优选35S)或碘(优选125I)中的至少一种。这种放射性标记的探针通常由放射性同位素供应商合成,所述放射性同位素供应商是按定单专门合成放射性标记的探针化合物的。这样的供应商有Amersham Corporation,Arlington Heights,IL;Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,Inc.Andover,MA;SRIInternational,Menlo Park,CA;Wizard Laboratories,West Sacramento,CA;ChemSyn Laboratories,Lexena,KS;American Radiolabeled Chemicals,Inc.,St.Louis,MO和Moravek Biochemicals Inc.,Brea,CA。
氚标记的探针化合物同样可以通过氚化乙酸中的铂催化交换、氚化三氟乙酸中的酸催化交换、或者用氚气进行的异相催化交换而方便地制备。这种放射性标记的制备也可以由前文所列举的任何供应商使用本发明的化合物为基材来进行定制。另外,某些前体可以用氚气进行的氚-卤素交换、不饱和键的氚气还原,或者适当用硼氚化钠进行还原。
实施例7
受体放射自显影照相术
受体放射自显影照相术(受体图象)是用本发明的放射性标记化合物(按实施例6中所描述的方法制备的),按Kohar在Current Protocols inPharmacology(1998)第8.1.1至8.1.9节,John Wiley & Sons,New York,和Kuhar et al.在Annu.Rev.Neurosci.,1986,vol.9,pages 27-59中所描述的方法在体外进行的。
至此,本发明以及制备和使用本发明化合物的方式与方法已经以完整、清楚、明确和准确的术语进行了描述,以使所属领域的任何技术人员都能够制备和使用本发明的化合物。应当理解,前文描述的是本发明的优选实施方案,并在不脱离本发明权利要求书中所阐述的构思和范围的情况下,可以对本发明作出各种修改。为了具体地指出和明确地提出本发明要求保护的主题,本说明书总结为下面的权利要求书。
Claims (23)
1.下式的化合物或其可药用的加成盐:
其中:
R1和R2各自独立地选自氢和卤素;
R5和R8均为氢;并且
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、硝基和氨基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R5和R8互为反式。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中所述卤素为氯或溴。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R3和R4各自独立地为甲基。
5.根据权利要求2的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R1和R2均为氢。
6.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R1和R2中至少一个不是氢。
7.根据权利要求5的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R3和R4在苯环的2位和4位上。
8.根据权利要求2-4中任一项的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R1和R2各自独立地为氢或卤素,条件是R1和R2中的至少一个不是氢。
10.根据权利要求9的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R3和R4相对于与哌嗪环相连的位点在苯环的2位和4位上。
11.根据权利要求10的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,其中R2在苯环的4位上。
12.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是(S,S)1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
13.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是(R,R)1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
14.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(2-甲基-4-硝基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
15.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(2-甲基-4-氨基苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
16.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(2-甲基-4-溴代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
17.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(4-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
18.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(2,4-二氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
19.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(2-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-苯基环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
20.根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐,该化合物是1-(4-氯代苯基)-4-(反-2-[4-氯代苯基]环丙基)甲基哌嗪。
21.权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐在制备用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的用途,所述中枢神经系统疾病选自精神分裂症、躁狂症、痴呆、抑郁症、焦虑、强迫观念与行为、物质滥用、类似帕金森氏症的运动失常和与使用神经安定药有关的运动失常。
22.根据权利要求21的用途,其中所述中枢神经系统疾病是精神分裂症。
23.一种药物组合物,包括权利要求1的化合物或其可药用的加成盐和药用载体。
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US22764699A | 1999-01-08 | 1999-01-08 | |
US09/227,646 | 1999-01-08 |
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JP (1) | JP2002534421A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1167694C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU771199B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2359989A1 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1043360A1 (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2000040572A1 (zh) |
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DE60216753T2 (de) * | 2001-02-16 | 2008-01-03 | Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Heterocyclische harnstoffderivate und deren verwendung als dopamine d3 receptor liganden |
NZ584100A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2011-07-29 | Astrazeneca Ab | Cyclopropyl amide derivatives |
TW201039825A (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2010-11-16 | Astrazeneca Ab | Cyclopropyl amide derivatives 983 |
BR112012020782A2 (pt) | 2010-02-18 | 2016-05-03 | Astrazeneca Ab | composto, e, processo para preparar um composto |
US10882834B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2021-01-05 | University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Compounds for treating prostate cancer |
US10980806B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2021-04-20 | University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Small molecule inhibitors of the nuclear translocation of androgen receptor for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer |
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2000
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- 2000-01-06 CA CA002359989A patent/CA2359989A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-06 WO PCT/US2000/000275 patent/WO2000040572A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-01-06 CN CNB008040923A patent/CN1167694C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-06 AU AU27203/00A patent/AU771199B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-01-06 NZ NZ512772A patent/NZ512772A/en unknown
- 2000-01-06 JP JP2000592280A patent/JP2002534421A/ja active Pending
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AU2720300A (en) | 2000-07-24 |
CN1341111A (zh) | 2002-03-20 |
JP2002534421A (ja) | 2002-10-15 |
WO2000040572A1 (en) | 2000-07-13 |
HK1043360A1 (zh) | 2002-09-13 |
NZ512772A (en) | 2003-11-28 |
EP1140879A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
CA2359989A1 (en) | 2000-07-13 |
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