CN116769389A - A kind of water-based anti-scratch protective coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A water-based anti-scratch protective coating and its preparation method, including the following raw material components: base material: 0-10 parts of pigment, 5-50 parts of filler, 0-45 parts of polyurethane emulsion; 0.1-0.5 parts of pH stabilizer, dispersed 0.1-0.5 parts of agent or 0-0.7 parts of wetting and dispersing agent, 0-1 part of wetting agent, 0.1-1 part of defoaming agent, 0-5 parts of co-solvent, 0-3 parts of wear-resistant additive or slippery agent 0-5 parts, anti-crater additive 0-2 parts, adhesion promoter 0-5 parts, rheology additive 0.1-0.5 parts or anti-settling agent 0-0.5 parts, thickener 0-2 parts, others Additive 0‑1 part. Protective coatings are used for rubber coatings on metal surfaces. Coating a layer of water-based coating on the rubber surface can not only reduce the amount of rubber used in the base layer, but also protect the rubber layer and prevent damage to the rubber layer. At the same time, it can overcome the problem that rubber is prone to aging. Weaknesses: The coating has an excellent smooth feel, which improves the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the coating.

Description

A kind of water-based anti-scratch protective coating and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and in particular relates to a water-based anti-scratch protective coating and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In order to enhance the service life and weather resistance of metals, many metals undergo anti-corrosion and anti-rust treatment to increase their aesthetics. However, the existing mainstream methods of metal anti-corrosion are electroplating or coating technology. For coating technology, the commonly used metal protective layer is Oil-based quick-solvent coatings have high hardness, good protection and wear resistance, but the amount of solvent added is very high. At the same time, some existing rubber-friendly protective coatings are composed of AB components. If the addition ratio is not well controlled, coating defects or performance degradation will occur, and the protective effect will be greatly reduced, and the scope of practical application will be limited. At present, the coating industry is gradually maturing, and promoting the implementation of green environmental protection has become one of the important goals of various industries, which also poses new challenges to coating technology.

In order to save costs and have a coating protective effect, the metal surface is protected by rubber coating, that is, the rubber layer is treated on the metal surface. The treated metal surface is smooth and dense, and has the effect of buffering impact. The cost is extremely low and it is anti-corrosion and anti-corrosion. The rust effect is very good because the rubber has good adhesion, excellent anti-corrosion effect and excellent impact resistance. However, the defects of this kind of rubber coating protection are also obvious, that is, the surface rubber coating is relatively soft, and under the action of lighter external force, it will also produce obvious scratches, dents, scratches and other damage, destroying or reducing its protective effect. During handling, cutting and use, the rubber protective layer on the metal surface is easily scratched, scratched and bumped by external objects, thereby damaging its surface appearance or exposing the inner metal. In severe cases, the rubber layer may even fall off. And while protecting the coating, the hardness cannot be too high, otherwise the surface protection will be too fragile, which will more easily lead to falling off or cracking due to collision. For thin-layer metal, it needs to have a certain hardness without affecting its elasticity and resistance. It has bending performance, adhesion performance, scratch resistance and certain friction effect. Therefore, the rubber layer needs to have good adhesion and scratch resistance, and the coating layer needs to be resistant to bending, and the hardness cannot be too low or too high, which poses another challenge to rubber protection.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and defects mentioned in the above background technology and provide a water-based anti-scratch protective coating and a preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions proposed by the present invention are:

A water-based anti-scratch protective coating, the water-based anti-scratch protective coating is used as a rubber protective coating on a metal surface, and the water-based anti-scratch protective coating includes the following raw material components in parts by weight:

Base material: 0-10 parts of pigment, 5-50 parts of filler, 0-45 parts of polyurethane emulsion.

PH stabilizer 0.1-0.5 parts, dispersant 0.1-0.5 parts or wetting and dispersing agent 0-0.7 parts, wetting agent 0-1 part, defoaming agent 0.1-1 part, co-solvent 0-5 parts, wear-resistant assistant 0-3 parts of agent or 0-5 parts of slip agent, 0-2 parts of anti-crater additive, 0-5 parts of adhesion promoter, 0.1-0.5 part of rheology additive or 0-0.5 part of anti-settling agent, 0-2 parts of thickener, 0-1 part of other additives.

Preferably, the thickness of the rubber protective coating on the metal surface is 5-50 μm.

The thickness range of rubber protective coating is generally 0-150um. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating in this application has high adhesion to the rubber layer and can chelate well with metal. Therefore, the thickness of the rubber layer in this application should not be too thick, even if the protective coating and metal are not completely blocked The contact of layers will not affect the overall effect.

Preferably, the raw materials of the water-based anti-scratch protective coating also include 0-30 parts of acrylic resin, the acrylic resin is silicon-modified acrylic resin and/or silicon-modified styrene-acrylic emulsion, and the polyurethane emulsion is water-based polyurethane dispersion. body.

Preferably, the pigment is at least one of titanium dioxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue or color paste, and the filler is one of barium sulfate, quartz powder, silica powder, talc powder, mica powder or zinc stearate. Kind or variety.

Preferably, the pH stabilizer is a multifunctional amine additive and/or an amine neutralizing agent; the dispersant or wetting and dispersing agent is an acrylic amine salt dispersant, anionic wetting and dispersing agent or a cationic wetting and dispersing agent. One or more wet dispersants.

Preferably, the wetting agent is one or more combinations of alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, modified silicone oil, modified polyorganosiloxane, and polyether-modified dimethylsiloxane.

Preferably, the defoaming agent is one or more of polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, modified polyorganosiloxane or non(octyl)phenol polyoxyethylene ether; The co-solvent is water and/or polyol substances; the slip agent and wear-resistant additive are gas silicone, modified wax powder, polyethylene wax emulsion, silicone wear-resistant slip agent, polydimethyl One or more of silicone emulsions, polysiloxanes or polysiloxane cross-linked polymer dispersions are used in combination; the anti-crater additive is organofluorine-modified polyorganosiloxane alkane; the adhesion promoter is a silane coupling agent.

Preferably, the anti-settling agent or rheology additive is cellulose leveling agent, inorganic rheology agent, magnesium aluminum silicate thixotropic lubricant, bentonite, acrylic polymer or polyether modified dimethyl silicone. One or more of oxane; the thickener is one or more of modified associative alkali swelling thickener or polyurethane PU thickener.

Preferably, the other auxiliaries include antiseptics, bactericides and rust inhibitors.

Under the same technical concept, the present invention also provides a preparation method of a water-based anti-scratch protective coating, which includes the following steps:

(1) Prepare powder dispersion: PH stabilizer, at least one of rheology additives or anti-settling agent, at least one of dispersant or wetting and dispersing agent, wetting agent, defoaming agent 1/3-2 /3 are added to the solution in sequence and dispersed, add pigments and fillers, stir, and grind to obtain a powder dispersion.

(2) Preparation of additives: Prepare the slip agent, wear-resistant additive and thickener into a solution.

(3) Prepare coating: Add acrylic resin and polyurethane emulsion to the powder dispersion obtained in step (1), stir evenly, then add the slip agent and wear-resistant additive solution prepared in step (2), and stir evenly; Add anti-crater additives, adhesion promoter, and other additives in sequence and stir evenly; finally add the thickener prepared in step (2) and stir, add the remaining defoaming agent, stir and filter, to obtain a water-based anti-scratch protective coating.

Preferably, the stirring in step (1) is medium-high speed 1200-3000r for 5-20 minutes, and the grinding is assisted grinding with glass beads, alumina, silicon carbide or zirconium beads with thinner particle sizes, and high-speed grinding. 30-60min, until the fineness is ≤35μm.

Preferably, as described in step (3), add the acrylic resin and polyurethane emulsion into the powder dispersion, add the slip agent and wear-resistant additive solution, and stir for 10-15 minutes; add the prepared thickener and stir. , stir at a medium-high speed of 800-2000r for 10-20min; add the remaining defoaming agent, stir and filter, and stir at a low speed of 200-800r for 5-10min.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Protective coating is used for rubber coating on metal surfaces, and a layer of water-based coating is applied on the rubber surface. This can not only reduce the amount of rubber used on the base layer, but also protect the rubber layer and prevent damage to the rubber layer, while at the same time overcoming Rubber is prone to aging, but the coating has an excellent smooth feel, which improves the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the coating, increases the service life of the product, and increases the value of its application. Its performance is stable, environmentally friendly, safe, and non-toxic. endanger human health.

(2) This protective coating has appropriate hardness. The combination of water-based polyurethane and acrylic coating gives the coating film a certain mechanical strength and toughness, and can protect the appropriate elasticity of the rubber coating. After the polyurethane film is formed, the polymerized molecules form a certain amount of urethane bonds, urea bonds and hydrogen bonds. With the hardness and lower fineness of the pigments and fillers, the bonding effect between the coating and the base surface will be strengthened. When subjected to external force, it will be conducive to the transmission of force, giving the coating better hardness and wear resistance. Therefore, the rubber layer can be protected from scratches at a given hardness, thereby protecting the base material.

(3) This protective coating has strong adhesion. Water-based polyurethane and acrylic resin are compounded as film-forming substances. During film formation, there are a large number of hydrogen bonds between polymer molecules, making the coating meet a certain hardness and cross-linking density. At the same time, it also significantly improves the adhesion of the coating to the metal substrate; the filler with finer particle size increases the physical anchoring effect with the rubber coating, improves the interface bonding force, thereby improving the adhesion effect; adhesion promoter and other additives to form relatively strong complexes and hydrogen bonds between the underlying rubber coating and the coating film of the present invention, so that the coating provided by the present invention has multiple advantages such as good adhesion and high hardness.

(4) This protective coating has excellent smoothness and scratch resistance. Silicon-containing slip additives can give the coating surface a silky touch. The additive molecules can migrate to the surface of the coating and remain on the surface of the coating. The formation of a very thin polymer film can bring excellent smoothness and reduced friction coefficient to the paint film, thus improving the wear resistance of the paint film. The polyurethane and finer particle size pigments and fillers give the coating film wear resistance and smoothness. A certain amount of external force and friction will not cause damage to the coating, thus forming an overall scratch-resistant and smooth feel. At the same time, polyurethane does not produce bubbles or other by-products that affect the appearance due to its own reaction. Therefore, polyurethane can maintain good smoothness in appearance and decoration, and has a good appearance beautification effect.

(5) This protective coating has environmentally friendly properties. Moreover, the raw materials used in the present invention are basically water-based substances with extremely low VOC content, which can minimize environmental pollution and harm to the human body, and has relatively broad application prospects and development potential.

(6) This protective coating has the dual bonding strength of rubber and metal. The polyurethane coating of the present invention has good metal penetration bonding and adhesion. When the rubber coating is thin or has defects such as bubbles and small gaps, the polyurethane coating can still bond with the metal and is therefore not easy to fall off. The characteristics of the urethane bond of polyurethane itself have high mechanical wear resistance and smooth toughness, so it can protect metal. Due to its compound properties, polyurethane can bond well with rubber, and its adhesion is higher than that of general epoxy coatings. At the same time, it can chelate well with metal, thus taking into account the bonding effect of metal and rubber, and can Very good protection of the inner metal and middle rubber. At the same time, the polyurethane paint film is very resistant to acids, alkalis, salts, and petroleum products, and can be used in complex environments. It can replace rubber to protect some harsh and complex chemical external environments, thereby protecting internal metals. Therefore, the protective coating of the present application has multiple synergistic protective effects on the rubber coating on the metal surface.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively and in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used below have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased in the market or prepared by existing methods.

Example 1:

A water-based anti-scratch protective coating, used as a rubber protective coating on metal surfaces, containing the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45 parts of filler, 40 parts of polyurethane emulsion, 0.1 part of PH stabilizer, 0.25 part of dispersant, moisturizing agent 0.15 parts of wetting agent, 0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 0.5 parts of co-solvent, 0.5 parts of wear-resistant additives, 0.3 parts of anti-crater additives, 0.1 parts of rheology additives, 0.2 parts of thickening agents, 0.3 parts of other additives, Water balance; filler is barium sulfate; polyurethane emulsion is water-based polyurethane dispersion; wetting agent is modified silicone oil; defoaming agent is modified polyorganosiloxane; wear-resistant additive is polyethylene wax emulsion.

Among them, the pH stabilizer is a multifunctional amine additive AMP-95; the dispersant is an acrylic amine salt dispersant; the rheology additive is a cellulose leveling agent, specifically hydroxyethyl cellulose. ; The co-solvent is water; the thickener is a modified associative alkali swelling thickener; other additives are preservatives.

A method for preparing a water-based anti-scratch protective coating, including the following steps:

S1. Prepare powder dispersion.

(1) Premix: Add 85% water into the dispersion container, then add PH stabilizer, rheology additive, dispersant, wetting agent, defoaming agent 1/2 in sequence, mix at low speed and stir evenly, then add filler, medium Stir at high speed for 5-20 minutes to prepare a coarse mixed dispersion.

(2) Grinding and dispersing: Transfer the mixed dispersion of (1) to the grinding equipment, use zirconium beads with a relatively thin particle size for auxiliary grinding, and grind at high speed for 40 minutes to a fineness of ≤35 μm to obtain the required dispersion slurry.

S2. Preparation of additives:

(1) Preparation of wear-resistant additives: Dilute or dissolve the wear-resistant additive with a certain proportion of co-solvent into a state that is easy to add, stir evenly and set aside.

(2) Preparation of thickener: dilute the thickener with a certain proportion of water (1:1) for later use.

S3. Prepare water-based coating:

(1) Add the remaining equivalent of water to the dispersion slurry obtained in S1 while stirring at medium-low speed, and stir evenly; add polyurethane emulsion at low speed, and stir for about 10 minutes until evenly stirred.

(2) Then, add the wear-resistant additive prepared by S2 and stir for 15 minutes until evenly mixed.

(3) After that, add the anti-crater additives one by one, and stir the other additives evenly.

(4) Finally, add the thickener prepared by S2 to thicken for 10 minutes at medium to high speed; then add the remaining defoaming agent, reduce the speed to thicken and defoam for 5 minutes; filter and seal the package.

Example 2

A water-based anti-scratch protective coating, used as a rubber protective coating on metal surfaces, containing the following components by weight: 1 part pigment, 45 parts filler, 15 parts acrylic resin, 25 parts polyurethane emulsion, PH stabilizer AMP-95 0.1 parts, N,N-dimethylethanolamine 0.3 parts, dispersant 0.25 parts, wetting agent 0.15 parts, defoaming agent 0.2 parts, co-solvent 0.6 parts, smooth reagent 0.5 parts, anti-crater additive 0.3 parts, flow 0.2 parts of variable additives, 0.3 parts of other additives, preservatives, 0.5 parts of rust inhibitors, and the balance of water; filler is barium sulfate; acrylic resin is silicone-acrylic emulsion, polyurethane emulsion is water-based polyurethane dispersion; wetting agent is alkyl Polyoxyethylene ether; the defoaming agent is polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane; the slip agent is polydimethylsiloxane emulsion; the adhesion promoter is silane coupling agent.

Among them, the pH stabilizer is a multifunctional amine additive AMP-95 and an amine neutralizing agent N, N-dimethylethanolamine; the dispersant is an anionic wetting and dispersing agent; the rheology additive is an inorganic Rheology; the co-solvent is ethylene glycol; other additives are preservatives and anti-rust agents.

A method for preparing a water-based anti-scratch protective coating, including the following steps:

S1. Prepare powder dispersion:

(1) Premix: Add 90% water into the dispersion container, then add PH stabilizer, rheology additive, dispersant, wetting agent, defoaming agent 1/2 in sequence, mix at low speed and stir evenly, then add filler, medium Stir at high speed for 5-20 minutes to prepare a coarse mixed dispersion.

(2) Grinding and dispersing: Transfer the mixed dispersion of (1) to the grinding equipment, use zirconium beads with a relatively thin particle size for auxiliary grinding, and grind at high speed for 40 minutes to a fineness of ≤35 μm to obtain the required dispersion slurry.

S2. Preparation of additives:

(1) Preparation of wear-resistant additives: Dilute or dissolve the smooth reagent with a certain proportion of co-solvent into a state that is easy to add, stir evenly and set aside.

S3. Prepare water-based coating:

(1) Add the remaining equivalent of water to the dispersion slurry obtained in S1 at medium and low speed, and stir evenly; add acrylic resin and polyurethane emulsion at low speed, and stir for about 10 minutes until uniform.

(2) Then, add the smooth reagent prepared in S2 and stir for 15 minutes until the mixture is even.

(3) After that, add anti-crater additives, adhesion promoter, and other additives in sequence and stir evenly.

(4) Finally, add the remaining defoaming agent and defoam at low speed for 5 minutes; filter and seal the package.

Example 3

A water-based anti-scratch protective coating, used as a rubber protective coating on metal surfaces, containing the following components by weight: 1 part pigment, 35 parts filler, 10 parts acrylic resin, 30 parts polyurethane emulsion, PH stabilizer AMP-95 0.05 parts, N,N-dimethylethanolamine 0.3 parts, dispersant 0.25 parts, wetting agent 0.15 parts, defoaming agent 0.4 parts, co-solvent 0.6 parts, smooth reagent 0.4 parts, anti-crater additive 0.3 parts, flow 0.2 parts of variable additives, 0.3 parts of other additives and preservatives, and the balance of water; filler is talc powder; acrylic resin is silicone acrylic emulsion, polyurethane emulsion is water-based polyurethane dispersion; wetting agent is alkyl polyoxyethylene ether; The foaming agent is polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane and polysiloxane dispersion; the slip agent is polydimethylsiloxane emulsion; the adhesion promoter is silane coupling agent.

Among them, the pH stabilizer is the multifunctional amine additive AMP-95 and the amine neutralizing agent N,N-dimethylethanolamine; the dispersant is an anionic wetting and dispersing agent; the rheology additive is bentonite ; The co-solvent is ethylene glycol; other additives are preservatives.

A method for preparing a water-based anti-scratch protective coating, including the following steps:

S1. Prepare powder dispersion:

(1) Premix: Add 80% water into the dispersion container, then add PH stabilizer, rheology additive, dispersant, wetting agent, defoaming agent 1/2 in sequence, mix at low speed and stir evenly, then add filler, medium Stir at high speed for 5-20 minutes to prepare a coarse mixed dispersion.

(2) Grinding and dispersing: Transfer the mixed dispersion of (1) to the grinding equipment, use zirconium beads with a relatively thin particle size for auxiliary grinding, and grind at high speed for 40 minutes to a fineness of ≤35 μm to obtain the required dispersion slurry.

S2. Preparation of additives:

(1) Preparation of wear-resistant additives: Dilute or dissolve the smooth reagent with a certain proportion of co-solvent into a state that is easy to add, stir evenly and set aside.

S3. Prepare water-based coating:

(1) Add the remaining equivalent of water to the dispersion slurry obtained in S1 at medium and low speed, and stir evenly; add acrylic resin and polyurethane emulsion at low speed, and stir for about 10 minutes until uniform.

(2) Then, add the smooth reagent prepared in S2 and stir for 15 minutes until the mixture is even.

(3) After that, add anti-crater additives, adhesion promoter, and other additives in sequence and stir evenly.

(4) Finally, add the remaining defoaming agent, defoam at low speed for 5 minutes, filter and seal and package.

Comparative example 1:

Conventional vulcanized nitrile rubber coating without special treatment is used to press and bond to the metal plate as a control group to test the product's scratch resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other effects.

In order to better reflect the anti-scratch protective coating performance of the water-based metal surface rubber coating prepared in the embodiment of the present invention, the water-based coating of the above-mentioned Examples 1-3 was applied only through a surface rubber coating with a rubber coating thickness of 20 μm. The surface of the treated 150*70*0.28mm tinplate base material (thickness 5-10μm) was rolled with a 30μm wire rod and then heated and cured in a 160°C oven for 5 minutes. Performance testing was performed. The test results are shown in Table 1. Show.

In actual use, the present invention also has a protective effect on the surface of metal materials where the rubber layer has fallen off or is damaged. In order to test the direct protective effect of the water-based metal surface rubber coating of the present invention on the metal layer, the water-based coatings of the above embodiments 1-3 were Directly on the surface of the 150*70*0.28mm tinplate base material (thickness 5-10μm), roll coat with a 30μm wire rod, bake and cure in a 160°C oven for 5 minutes, and perform performance tests together with Comparative Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.

Pencil hardness test: conducted in accordance with standard GB/T 6739-96.

Shore hardness test: conducted in accordance with the standard GB/T 531.1-2008.

Adhesion test: Cross-hatch method is carried out according to GB/T 9286-98.

Wear performance test: conducted in accordance with standard GB/T 1689-2014.

Friction resistance test: Use 0000# steel wool, load 1kg, go back and forth 30 times, and observe whether there are obvious scratches on the paint film.

Bending adhesion test: Curing at 23±2℃, RH 50±5% for 7 days, bending at a bending angle of 180° for 10 times during the test, and observing the cracking of the coating in the bending area.

Bonding strength test: Apply the paint on a steel plate of the same material ≥3mm, and maintain it for 7 days at 23±2℃ and RH 50±5%. The test method is carried out according to the standard GB/T 5210-2006.

Oil resistance test: conducted according to HG/T 3345-1985.

Table 1 shows the performance test results of the rubber coating applied to the surface of the metal plate in Examples 1-3:

Table 1

Table 2 shows the coating performance test results of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 applied to metal base plates:

Table 2

From the above performance test results, it can be concluded that the coating properties of Examples 1 to 3 are better, especially Example 3, which uses talc powder as filler and polydimethylsiloxane emulsion as slip agent. , its adhesion and friction resistance are better than those of other embodiments. The water-based metal surface rubber coating anti-scratch protective coating of the present invention has a certain hardness, good adhesion and excellent scratch resistance, and is resistant to Excellent flexing effect, smooth feel, and excellent protective effect.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the application of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the application of the present invention shall be included in the application of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A water-based anti-scratch protective coating, characterized in that the water-based anti-scratch protective coating is used as a rubber protective coating on a metal surface, and the water-based anti-scratch protective coating includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: base Materials: 0-10 parts of pigment, 5-50 parts of filler, 0-45 parts of polyurethane emulsion; PH stabilizer 0.1-0.5 parts, dispersant 0.1-0.5 parts or wetting and dispersing agent 0-0.7 parts, wetting agent 0-1 part, defoaming agent 0.1-1 part, co-solvent 0-5 parts, wear-resistant assistant 0-3 parts of agent or 0-5 parts of slip agent, 0-2 parts of anti-crater additive, 0-5 parts of adhesion promoter, 0.1-0.5 part of rheology additive or 0-0.5 part of anti-settling agent, 0-2 parts of thickener, 0-1 part of other additives. 2. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the rubber protective coating on the metal surface is 5-50 μm. 3. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the raw materials of the water-based anti-scratch protective coating also include 0-30 parts of acrylic resin, and the acrylic resin is silicon-modified acrylic resin and / Or silicon-modified styrene-acrylic emulsion, the polyurethane emulsion is a water-based polyurethane dispersion. 4. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pigment is at least one of titanium dioxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue or color paste, and the filler is barium sulfate, One or more of quartz powder, silica powder, talc powder, mica powder or zinc stearate; the pH stabilizer is a multifunctional amine additive and/or amine neutralizer; the dispersant or wetting agent The dispersant is one or more of acrylic amine salt dispersants, anionic wetting and dispersing agents or cationic wetting and dispersing agents; the wetting agent is alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, modified silicone oil, One or more combinations of modified polyorganosiloxane and polyether-modified dimethylsiloxane. 5. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the defoaming agent is polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, modified polyorganosiloxane or nonyl( One or more octylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers; the co-solvent is water and/or polyol substances; the slip agent and wear-resistant additive are gas silicon and modified wax powder , one or more combinations of polyethylene wax emulsion, silicone wear-resistant slip agent, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, polysiloxane or polysiloxane cross-linked polymer dispersion, etc. Use; the anti-crater additive is organofluorine-modified polyorganosiloxane; the adhesion promoter is silane coupling agent. 6. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anti-settling agent or rheology additive is a cellulose leveling agent, an inorganic rheology agent, and magnesium aluminum silicate. One or more of thixotropic lubricant, bentonite, acrylic polymer or polyether modified dimethylsiloxane; the thickener is a modified associative alkali swelling thickener or polyurethane PU thickener one or more of the agents. 7. The water-based anti-scratch protective coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the other auxiliaries include antiseptics, bactericides and rust inhibitors. 8. A method for preparing a water-based anti-scratch protective coating, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare powder dispersion: PH stabilizer, at least one of rheology additives or anti-settling agent, at least one of dispersant or wetting and dispersing agent, wetting agent, defoaming agent 1/3-2 /3 are added to the solution in turn and dispersed, add pigments and fillers, stir, and grind to obtain a powder dispersion; (2) Preparation of additives: Prepare slip agent, wear-resistant additive and thickener into solutions; (3) Prepare coating: Add acrylic resin and polyurethane emulsion to the powder dispersion obtained in step (1), stir evenly, then add the slip agent and wear-resistant additive solution prepared in step (2), and stir evenly; Add anti-crater additives, adhesion promoter, and other additives in sequence and stir evenly; finally add the thickener prepared in step (2) and stir, add the remaining defoaming agent, stir and filter, to obtain a water-based anti-scratch protective coating. 9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the stirring in step (1) is medium-high speed 1200-3000r for 5-20 minutes, and the grinding is glass beads with thinner particle sizes, oxidized Aluminum, silicon carbide or zirconium beads are used for auxiliary grinding, and high-speed grinding is performed for 30-60 minutes until the fineness is ≤35μm. 10. The preparation method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, as described in step (3), acrylic resin and polyurethane emulsion are added to the powder dispersion, and slip agent and wear-resistant additive solution are added, and stirred to form 10-15min; add the prepared thickener and stir at a medium-high speed of 800-2000r for 10-20min; add the remaining defoaming agent and stir for filtration at a low speed of 200-800r for 5-10min.