CN116765236A - Follow-up supported single-point incremental forming device and method for plate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sheet metal progressive forming processing. It discloses a single-point progressive forming device for sheet materials with follow-up support. Pressing plates are fixed on both sides of a fixed support plate, and there are fixed between the pressing plate and the fixed support plate. The upper end of the sheet is fixed with a forming tool, and the bottom of the fixed support plate is fixed with a follower support plate and a follower support plate pad. The fixed support plate is fixed on the fixed base through the guide pillar, and the bottom of the follower support plate pad is fixed and installed. There are digital hydraulic cylinders, and the digital hydraulic cylinders are linearly connected to the digital hydraulic cylinder control system. The pressing plate, fixed support plate, guide pillar and fixed base form a sheet fixing system, which is used to fix the sheet. The following support plate, following support plate and backing plate, and digital hydraulic cylinder form a following support system, which is used for following support during the sheet metal forming process. By reasonably controlling the gap between the forming tool and the support plate and using a reasonable forming tool processing trajectory, the uniformity of the thickness of the formed parts can be effectively improved.

Description

A single-point progressive forming device and method for sheet metal with follow-up support

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sheet metal progressive forming processing, and in particular relates to a single-point progressive forming device and method for follow-up support of sheet metal.

Background technique

At present, sheet metal progressive forming technology is a rapid manufacturing technology that integrates computer technology, numerical control technology and plastic forming technology. According to the three-dimensional data model of the product, the processing trajectory is generated to control the processing tool with a simple shape, so that it can perform continuous local plastic processing on the metal sheet, and finally accumulate to form the geometric shape of the product.

Depending on whether there is mold support or not, sheet metal incremental forming can be divided into single-point incremental forming and double-point incremental forming. During single-point progressive forming, the sheet material does not have any support; during double-point progressive forming, a supporting mold needs to be added to the bottom of the sheet material. Compared with double-point progressive forming, single-point progressive forming is truly moldless forming, but the precision of the formed parts is lower. In order to overcome this problem, double-sided progressive forming has been developed, that is, two sets of control systems are used on both sides of the formed sheet to control two forming tools to form the sheet. Although this process can improve the accuracy of the sheet, it does not require a mold. , but the equipment and control are more complex.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the existing technology are:

1. Forming accuracy issues:

During the single-point incremental forming and double-point incremental forming processes, the uneven local plastic processing force and support force on the sheet may result in lower accuracy of the formed parts. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in single-point progressive forming. Due to the lack of supporting molds, the sheet metal is prone to spring rebound and local deformation during the forming process, thus affecting the accuracy of the formed parts.

2. Equipment and control complexity issues:

Although double-sided progressive forming technology can improve sheet metal accuracy, its equipment and control system are relatively complex. In the double-sided progressive forming process, two sets of forming tools need to be controlled at the same time to form the sheet metal, which requires the forming equipment to have high synchronization and accuracy. In addition, the position and pressure of the forming tool need to be monitored and adjusted in real time during the forming process, which undoubtedly increases the complexity of the control system.

3. Forming time and cost issues:

Existing sheet metal incremental forming technologies often require long forming times, especially when producing large, complex parts, where the forming process may take hours or even days. This not only reduces production efficiency but also increases production costs. In addition, due to the complexity of equipment and control systems, the cost of sheet metal incremental forming technology is relatively high in terms of equipment acquisition, maintenance and operation.

4. Material adaptability issues:

The existing sheet metal incremental forming technology is mainly suitable for metal sheets, but has poor adaptability to some special materials (such as high-strength steel, superplastic materials, etc.). These materials may have problems such as cracks and weak areas during the forming process, affecting the quality and performance of the formed parts.

5. Technology maturity issues:

Although sheet metal incremental forming technology has achieved certain success in laboratories and some industrial productions, compared with traditional stamping forming and other technologies, its maturity and promotion level still need to be improved. This means that in actual production, many undiscovered technical difficulties and challenges may need to be overcome.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a single-point progressive forming device and method for sheet metal with follow-up support.

The invention is implemented in this way. A single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support is provided with:

press plate;

The press plate is fixed on both sides of the fixed support plate. A sheet is fixed between the press plate and the fixed support plate. A forming tool is fixed on the upper end of the sheet. A follower support plate and a follower support plate pad are fixed at the bottom of the fixed support plate. The fixed support plate is fixed on the fixed base through the guide pillar, and the digital hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed at the bottom of the following support plate pad. The digital hydraulic cylinder is linearly connected to the digital hydraulic cylinder control system.

Furthermore, the press plate, fixed support plate, guide pillar, and fixed base form a plate fixing system for fixing the plate.

Furthermore, the following supporting plate, following supporting plate backing plate and digital hydraulic cylinder form a following supporting system, which is used for following supporting during sheet metal forming process.

Furthermore, the specific steps for the single-point progressive forming of the movable supported sheet are as follows:

(1) Use 3D CAD/CAM software to establish a 3D geometric model of formed parts;

(2) Use the CAM module of three-dimensional CAD/CAM software, or special CAM software to write contour processing programs;

(3) Fix the device on the three-axis CNC machine tool, use the digital hydraulic cylinder to adjust the follower support plate to be flush with the surface of the fixed support plate, and clamp the sheet;

(4) Set the pressure threshold and displacement of the digital hydraulic cylinder. That is, after the pressure of the digital hydraulic cylinder is greater than the threshold, the hydraulic rod of the digital hydraulic cylinder drives the follower support plate to move downward by a fixed displacement, which is equal to the forming tool. The layer feed depth maintains support for the sheet;

(5) Apply the processing program to the CNC machine tool, and the forming tool forms the sheet material driven by the program; after forming one layer, during the tool pressing process, the pressing force is greater than the pressure threshold set by the hydraulic cylinder, and the digital hydraulic cylinder The hydraulic rod drives the follower support plate to move downward by a fixed displacement, supporting the forming tool to form the next layer until the forming is completed.

Further, the establishment of a three-dimensional geometric model of the formed part is specifically: establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a conical cup with a side wall inclination angle of 60°, a radius of 100m, and an opening size of 100mm in the UGNX19.0 software.

Further, the specific preparation of the contour processing program is: the processing module in the UGNX19.0 software generates a progressive forming contour processing trajectory, and the feed depth between each processing layer is 0.5mm.

Further, the device is fixed on a three-axis CNC machine tool, and the following support plate is adjusted by a digital hydraulic cylinder to be flush with the surface of the fixed support plate, and the sheet is clamped; an aluminum alloy 1060 plate with a thickness of 1.0mm is used to blank the sheet. 150×150mm, make the geometric center of the sheet coincide with the geometric center of the forming fixture, and clamp 15mm around the sheet.

Furthermore, the pressure threshold during progressive forming pressing was obtained through numerical simulation, the pressure threshold of the digital hydraulic cylinder was set to this value, and the displacement was set to -0.5mm.

Furthermore, the contour machining program compiled by UGNX19.0 is applied to the CNC machine tool, and the forming tool forms the sheet material driven by the program; after forming one layer, during the tool pressing process, the pressing force is greater than the hydraulic cylinder setting. The pressure threshold of the digital hydraulic cylinder drives the follower support plate to move downward by 0.5mm, supporting the forming tool to form the next layer until the forming is completed.

Combined with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are:

First, the follow-up support plate controlled by a digital hydraulic cylinder is used to support the plate during the single-point incremental forming process, which improves the problem of low precision of single-point incremental forming parts, and does not require mold support, enabling moldless incremental forming of complex parts. In addition, the present invention can also significantly improve the sheet metal forming performance and improve the problem of uneven thickness of the sheet metal.

Second, digital hydraulic cylinders are used to support single-point progressive forming of sheet metal, which does not require a supporting mold. At the same time, the equipment and control are simpler than double-sided progressive forming. The formed parts have better accuracy, and the forming process can be significantly improved. Forming properties of sheet metal. In addition, by reasonably controlling the gap between the forming tool and the support plate and using a reasonable forming tool processing trajectory, the uniformity of the thickness of the formed parts can be effectively improved. The invention is particularly meaningful for improving the material forming limit and realizing the progressive forming processing of small to medium batches of complex-shaped products.

Third, as auxiliary evidence of inventive step for the claims of the present invention, it is also reflected in the following important aspects:

The single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support adopts an innovative design. By combining components such as a press plate, a fixed support plate, a follow-up support plate, and a digital hydraulic cylinder, the single-point progressive forming of the sheet material is achieved. . The technical effects and advantages of this device are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Improve forming accuracy:

The follow-up support system can provide real-time, adjustable support force during the sheet forming process, helping to reduce spring rebound and local deformation of the sheet. Compared with the traditional single-point progressive forming device, this follow-up supported single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal can significantly improve the accuracy of formed parts.

2. Simplify the equipment structure and control system:

This follow-up support single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal only requires one forming tool and a digital hydraulic cylinder control system. Compared with double-sided progressive forming technology, its equipment structure and control system are simpler, reducing equipment purchase, Maintenance and operating costs.

3. Flexibility and adaptability:

Due to the use of a digital hydraulic cylinder control system, this device can adjust the output force of the digital hydraulic cylinder in real time according to different sheet materials and forming requirements to achieve follow-up support for the sheet metal. This makes the device highly flexible and adaptable to different types and sizes of sheet metal forming.

4. Reduce mold requirements:

The single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support does not require a special forming mold, so it can reduce the cost of mold manufacturing and replacement while improving the versatility of the equipment.

5. Improve production efficiency:

Due to the adoption of a follow-up support system, this device can achieve faster forming speeds while ensuring forming accuracy. Compared with traditional sheet metal incremental forming technology, this device is expected to improve production efficiency and thereby reduce production costs.

In summary, the single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support has obvious advantages in terms of forming accuracy, equipment structure, forming speed and cost, and is expected to bring a more efficient and economical solution to the field of sheet metal forming. .

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

In the picture: 1. Fixed support plate; 2. Guide pillar; 3. Fixed base; 4. Digital hydraulic cylinder; 5. Sheet material; 6. Forming tool; 7. Pressing plate; 8. Follower support plate pad; 9. Follow-up support plate; 10. Digital hydraulic cylinder control system.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with: a fixed support plate 1, a guide column 2, a fixed base 3, a digital hydraulic cylinder 4, a sheet metal 5, and a forming tool. 6. Pressing plate 7, follow-up support plate backing plate 8, follow-up support plate 9, digital hydraulic cylinder control system 10.

The pressing plate 7 is fixed on both sides of the fixed support plate 1. A sheet 5 is fixed between the pressing plate 7 and the fixed support plate 1. A forming tool 6 is fixed at the upper end of the sheet 5, and a follower is fixed at the bottom of the fixed support plate 1. The support plate backing plate 8 and the following support plate backing plate 8, the fixed support plate 1 is fixed on the fixed base 3 through the guide pillar 2, the following support plate backing plate 8 is fixed with a digital hydraulic cylinder 4 at the bottom, and the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 is linear Connect the digital hydraulic cylinder control system 10.

The pressing plate 7, the fixed support plate 1, the guide pillar 2 and the fixed base 3 form a fixing system for the sheet 5, which is used for fixing the sheet 5.

The following support plate backing plate 8, the following support plate backing plate 8 and the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 form a following support system, which is used for following support during the forming process of the sheet metal 5.

The device works as follows:

1. In the initialization stage, the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 shrinks, the follower support plate backing plate 8 and the follower support plate 9 are in a contracted state, the sheet 5 is pressed by the material plate 7 and the fixed support plate 1 is fixed, and the forming tool 6 is located on the sheet 5 upper end.

2. Start forming, the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 extends, the following support plate 8 and the following support plate 9 rise to support the sheet 5, while the pressing plate 7 and the fixed support plate 1 exert pressure on the sheet 5 Appropriate pressure causes the sheet metal 5 to begin to undergo forming deformation around the forming tool 6.

3. During the forming process, the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 rises slowly, and the follow-up support plate backing plate 8 and the follow-up support plate 9 support the deformation of the sheet material 5 while applying a certain pressure to prevent excessive deformation of the sheet material 5 , The rise of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 is accurately controlled by the digital hydraulic cylinder control system 10 to realize the progressive forming of the sheet metal 5.

4. Forming is completed, the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 stops extending, the following support plate backing plate 8 and the following support plate 9 stop rising, and the forming of the sheet material 5 is completed.

The device uses the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 to accurately control the lifting and lowering of the following support plate backing plate 8 and the following support plate 9, thereby achieving precise progressive forming of the sheet 5 and obtaining high-quality formed parts. The digital hydraulic cylinder control system 10 is a key control device used to accurately control the work and lifting speed of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4.

The specific steps for the 5-point progressive forming of the sheet metal with the following support are as follows:

(1) Use 3D CAD/CAM software to establish a 3D geometric model of formed parts;

(2) Use the CAM module of three-dimensional CAD/CAM software, or special CAM software to write contour processing programs;

(3) Fix the device on the three-axis CNC machine tool, adjust the following support plate backing plate 8 to be flush with the upper surface of the fixed support plate 1 through the digital hydraulic cylinder 4, and clamp the sheet 5;

(4) Set the pressure threshold and displacement of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4. That is, after the pressure of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 is greater than the threshold, the hydraulic rod of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the follower support plate backing plate 8 to move downward by a fixed displacement. This displacement is equal to the layer feed depth of the forming tool and maintains support for the sheet metal 5;

(5) Apply the processing program to the CNC machine tool, and the forming tool forms the sheet metal 5 under the drive of the program; after forming one layer, during the tool pressing process, the pressing force is greater than the pressure threshold set by the hydraulic cylinder, and the digital hydraulic The hydraulic rod of cylinder 4 drives the follower support plate backing plate 8 to move downward by a fixed displacement, supporting the forming tool to form the next layer until the forming is completed.

The working principle and steps of the present invention are specifically: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the formed part is specifically: establishing a three-dimensional CAD model of a conical cup with a side wall inclination angle of 60°, a radius of 100m, and an opening size of 100mm in UGNX19.0 software.

The details of writing the contour processing program are as follows: the processing module in the UGNX19.0 software generates the progressive forming contour processing trajectory, and the feed depth between each processing layer is 0.5mm.

The device is fixed on the three-axis CNC machine tool, and the following support plate pad 8 is adjusted by the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 to be flush with the upper surface of the fixed support plate 1, and the sheet material 5 is clamped; an aluminum alloy 1060 plate with a thickness of 1.0mm is used to clamp the sheet material 5. Cut the material into 150×150mm, make the geometric center of the sheet 5 coincide with the geometric center of the forming fixture, and press the 15mm around the sheet 5 for clamping.

The pressure threshold during progressive forming pressing is obtained through numerical simulation, the pressure threshold of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 is set to this value, and the displacement is set to -0.5mm.

The contour machining program compiled in UGNX19.0 is applied to the CNC machine tool. The forming tool forms the sheet metal 5 under the drive of the program. After forming one layer, during the tool pressing process, the pressing force is greater than the pressure valve set by the hydraulic cylinder. value, the hydraulic rod of the digital hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the follower support plate backing plate 8 to move downward by 0.5mm, supporting the forming tool to form the next layer until the forming is completed.

The embodiment of the present invention is applied in the incremental forming of sheet metal.

Example 1:

In this embodiment, the following-supported single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal is used to manufacture automobile shell parts. Considering the complex curved surface shape of automobile shell parts, the forming accuracy is required to be high.

Equipment composition:

The pressing plate, fixed support plate, guide pillar and fixed base form a sheet fixing system.

The following support plate, following support plate backing plate and digital hydraulic cylinder constitute the following support system.

Forming process:

1) Fix the metal sheet of the automobile shell part between the pressing plate and the fixed support plate.

2) Use forming tools to perform local plastic processing on the sheet.

3) The digital hydraulic cylinder control system adjusts the supporting force of the following support plate in real time according to the position of the forming tool to ensure that the sheet material is properly supported during the forming process.

4) Repeat the above steps until the entire car shell part is formed.

In this embodiment, the single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support can effectively improve the forming accuracy of automobile shell parts, while reducing equipment and production costs.

Example 2:

In this embodiment, the single-point incremental forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support is used to manufacture aircraft structural parts. Since aircraft structural parts bear heavy loads, they have higher requirements on forming accuracy and material properties.

Equipment composition:

The pressing plate, fixed support plate, guide pillar and fixed base form a sheet fixing system.

The following support plate, following support plate backing plate and digital hydraulic cylinder constitute the following support system.

Forming process:

1) Fix the high-strength metal sheet of the aircraft structural parts between the pressing plate and the fixed support plate.

2) Use forming tools to perform local plastic processing on the sheet.

3) The digital hydraulic cylinder control system adjusts the supporting force of the following support plate in real time according to the position of the forming tool to ensure that the sheet material is properly supported during the forming process and avoid defects such as cracks.

4) Repeat the above steps until the entire aircraft structural parts are formed.

In this embodiment, the single-point progressive forming device for sheet metal with follow-up support can effectively improve the forming accuracy of aircraft structural parts while ensuring that material properties are not damaged. In addition, the device has high production efficiency and helps reduce the manufacturing cost of aircraft structural parts. The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field shall, within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, be within the spirit and principles of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the above shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a sheet material single-point incremental forming device of follow-up support which characterized in that, the sheet material single-point incremental forming device of follow-up support is equipped with:

a pressing plate;

the pressing plate is fixed on two sides of the fixed supporting plate, a plate material is fixed between the pressing plate and the fixed supporting plate, a forming tool is fixed at the upper end of the plate material, the bottom of the fixed supporting plate is fixed with a follow-up supporting plate and a follow-up supporting plate backing plate, the fixed supporting plate is fixed on the fixed base through a guide pillar, a digital hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed at the bottom of the follow-up supporting plate backing plate, and the digital hydraulic cylinder is linearly connected with a digital hydraulic cylinder control system.

2. The follow-up supported single-point progressive forming device for the plate material, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressing plate, the fixed supporting plate, the guide post and the fixed base form a plate material fixing system for fixing the plate material.

3. The single point progressive forming device for plate material of follow-up support according to claim 1, wherein the follow-up support plate, the backing plate of the follow-up support plate and the digital hydraulic cylinder form a follow-up support system for follow-up support in the plate material forming process.

4. A single point incremental forming method for a sheet material supported by a follow-up support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single point incremental forming method for a sheet material supported by a follow-up support comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the formed part by adopting three-dimensional CAD/CAM software;

(2) CAM modules adopting three-dimensional CAD/CAM software or special CAM software for writing contour processing programs;

(3) Fixing the device on a triaxial numerical control machine tool, adjusting the follow-up support plate to be flush with the upper surface of the fixed support plate through a digital hydraulic cylinder, and clamping the plate;

(4) Setting a pressure threshold value and a displacement amount of a digital hydraulic cylinder, namely after the pressure applied to the digital hydraulic cylinder is larger than the threshold value, driving a follow-up supporting plate to downwards move by a fixed displacement amount by a hydraulic rod of the digital hydraulic cylinder, wherein the displacement amount is equal to the layer feeding depth of a forming tool, and supporting the plate is kept;

(5) Applying the machining program to a numerical control machine tool, and forming the plate by a forming tool under program drive; after forming one layer, in the process of pressing down the tool, the pressing down force is larger than the pressure threshold value set by the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic rod of the digital hydraulic cylinder drives the follow-up supporting plate to move downwards by a fixed displacement, and the forming tool is supported to form the next layer until the forming is finished.

5. The following supported single point progressive forming method of sheet material of claim 4, wherein the establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the formed part is specifically: a three-dimensional CAD model of a conical cup with a sidewall inclination of 60 °, a radius of 100m, and an opening size of 100mm was built in UGNX19.0 software.

6. The following supported single point progressive forming method of sheet material of claim 4, wherein the writing of the contour machining program is specifically as follows: a tooling module in UGNX19.0 software generates progressive contoured tooling trajectories with a feed depth of 0.5mm between each tooling layer.

7. The single-point progressive forming method of the follow-up supported plate material, as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the device is fixed on a three-axis numerical control machine tool, the follow-up supported plate is adjusted to be flush with the upper surface of the fixed supporting plate through a digital hydraulic cylinder, and the plate material is clamped; an aluminum alloy 1060 plate with the thickness of 1.0mm is adopted, the plate is blanked into 150 multiplied by 150mm, the geometric center of the plate is overlapped with the geometric center of the forming clamp, and the periphery of the plate is pressed for clamping by 15 mm.

8. The single-point progressive forming method of a follow-up supported plate material according to claim 4, wherein the pressure threshold value during progressive forming pressing is obtained through numerical simulation, the pressure threshold value of the digital hydraulic cylinder is set to be the value, and the displacement is set to be minus 0.5mm.

9. The single point progressive forming method for plate material of follow-up support as claimed in claim 4, wherein the contour machining program compiled by UGNX19.0 is applied to a numerical control machine tool, and the forming tool forms the plate material under the drive of the program.

10. The single-point progressive forming method of the follow-up supporting plate according to claim 9, wherein after the forming of one layer is finished, in the process of pressing down the tool, the pressing down force is larger than the pressure threshold value set by the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic rod of the digital hydraulic cylinder drives the follow-up supporting plate to move downwards by 0.5mm, and the forming tool is supported to form the next layer until the forming is finished.