CN116761445A - Perovskite solar cell with stable temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell includes a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer; the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer; and an encapsulation layer. Low temperature phase change material in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer. The low-temperature phase change material deposited on the outside of the perovskite solar cell package provided by the present invention reduces the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime light, allowing the battery to maintain a relatively constant temperature. The battery operating temperature can be adjusted according to the phase change material, and the battery can be used in constant temperature applications such as the side roof of greenhouses.

Description

A temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and its preparation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular relates to a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of perovskite solar cell efficiency, it has gradually become the most promising technology in the photovoltaic industry. However, perovskite cells currently still face problems such as high temperature rise under light, poor heat dissipation capabilities, and insufficient long-term working stability.

The existing technology mainly reduces the temperature through cooling methods such as air cooling and water cooling. However, its structure is complex and the cost is high, which cannot meet the needs of the industrialization of perovskite solar cells.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell uses a low-temperature phase change material as an encapsulation layer, which can reduce the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime light. , so that the battery maintains a relatively constant temperature.

The invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, which includes a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer;

The composite thermostatic encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer;

and a low-temperature phase change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer.

In the present invention, the low-temperature phase change material is a CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O-based composite phase change material and/or a Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O-based composite phase change material.

In the present invention, the CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O-based composite phase change material is selected from the group consisting of CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and porous Al ₂ O ₃ composites; CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and expanded graphite composites; or containing The nucleating agent is one or more components of CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, including SrCl ₂ ·6H 2 O _, Ba(OH) ₂ ·8H ₂ O, inorganic salt KCl, MgCl ₂ and NaCl.

In the present invention, the Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O-based composite phase change material is selected from the group consisting of Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and sodium polyacrylate composite; Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and expanded graphite composite ; Or Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O containing one or more components of nucleating agent Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ·10H ₂ O, thickener polycarboxylic acid, inorganic salt KCl, MgCl ₂ and NaCl.

In the present invention, the second encapsulation layer has a groove structure, and the low-temperature phase change material is encapsulated in the groove structure.

In the present invention, the bottom thickness of the second packaging layer with the groove structure is 0.5-3 mm, and the wall thickness of the groove structure is 1-4 mm.

In the present invention, the low-temperature phase change material includes CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, nucleating agent SrCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and expanded graphite;

Or include Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and expanded graphite.

The invention provides a method for preparing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell according to the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:

The low-temperature phase change material is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer to obtain a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer.

In the present invention, it also includes sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer on a substrate, and then covering it with a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer film, and setting sealant around it. , cover it with a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer, and heat-press encapsulate it to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

In the present invention, the hot pressing intensity is 0.05-0.3MPa, the hot-pressing temperature is 60-140°C, and the hot-pressing time is 5-15 minutes.

The invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, including a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer; the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer; and an encapsulation layer encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second Low temperature phase change materials in the encapsulation layer. The low-temperature phase change material deposited on the outside of the perovskite solar cell package provided by the present invention reduces the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime light, allowing the battery to maintain a relatively constant temperature. The battery operating temperature can be adjusted according to the phase change material, and the battery can be used in constant temperature applications such as the side roof of greenhouses.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention; wherein, 1 is the first encapsulation layer, 2 is the low-temperature phase change material, 3 is the second encapsulation layer, 4 is the metal electrode layer, and 5 is Hole transport layer, 6 is the perovskite light absorption layer, 7 is the electron transport layer and 8 is the substrate;

Figure 2 is a temperature performance test curve of the battery prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a temperature performance test curve of the battery prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, which includes a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer;

The composite thermostatic encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer;

and a low-temperature phase change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer.

The perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention is provided with a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer, in which the low-temperature phase change material can significantly reduce the operating temperature of the perovskite solar cell. At the same time, the complexity and cost of the device structure are not significantly increased; it can also adjust the battery The operating temperature can be maintained at a constant temperature at night, and it is suitable for various constant temperature application scenarios such as greenhouse side roofs.

The perovskite solar cell provided by the invention includes a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer; the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer, the main component of the first encapsulation layer is ultra-white glass material, and the thickness of the first encapsulation layer is 0.5~ 3mm.

The composite constant temperature encapsulation layer includes a second encapsulation layer, the main component of the second encapsulation layer is ultra-white glass material; the second encapsulation layer has a groove structure, and the bottom thickness of the second encapsulation layer with the groove structure is 0.5 ~3mm, the wall thickness of the trough structure is 1~4mm. The depth of the groove structure is 3 to 6 mm. The thickness of the second packaging layer is 8-12 mm.

The composite thermostatic encapsulation layer includes a low-temperature phase change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer. The low-temperature phase change material is preferably installed in the groove structure of the second packaging layer, and the added amount of the low-temperature phase change material accounts for 40% to 80% of the groove volume.

In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the low-temperature phase change material include CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O or Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O, based on CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O or Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O, Add 0-15wt% regulator, 0-5wt% nucleating agent, 0-6wt% thickener and 0-10wt% inorganic salt; the regulator is selected from sodium polyacrylate, expanded graphite, porous Al ₂ O ₃ and one or more of graphene; the nucleating agent is selected from SrCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, Ba(OH) ₂ ·8H ₂ O, Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ·10H ₂ O (borax) One or more of them; the thickener is selected from one or more of polycarboxylic acid, cellulose ether, polyacrylamide and glycerol; the inorganic salt is selected from one of KCl, NaCl and MgCl ₂ Kind or variety. The porous Al ₂ O ₃ , expanded graphite, graphene, etc. belong to a composite component in the composite phase change material and are used to adjust the different properties of CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O. The porous Al ₂ O ₃ , expanded graphite, graphene, etc. etc. can improve structural stability and uniformity, reduce phase separation problems, etc. Specifically, the low-temperature phase change material is a CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O-based composite phase change material and/or a Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O-based composite phase change material; the CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O-based composite phase change material The material is selected from CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and porous Al ₂ O ₃ composite; CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and expanded graphite composite; or containing nucleating agents SrCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, Ba(OH) ₂ ·8H ₂ O, one or more of the inorganic salts KCl, MgCl ₂ and NaCl, CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O. The Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O-based composite phase change material is selected from the group consisting of Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and sodium polyacrylate composite; Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and expanded graphite composite; or contains nucleation Agent Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ·10H ₂ O, thickener polycarboxylic acid, inorganic salt KCl, MgCl ₂ , NaCl one or more components Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O. In specific embodiments, the low-temperature phase change material includes CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, nucleating agent SrCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and expanded graphite; or includes Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and expanded graphite.

In the present invention, it is preferable to design a texture pattern on the top surface of the composite thermostatic encapsulation layer to expand its surface area; it can also improve its heat dissipation capability by coating graphite, thermal conductive gel and other heat dissipation coatings with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.

The perovskite solar cell provided by the invention also includes a metal electrode layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, an electron transport layer and a substrate sequentially arranged on the second encapsulation layer in the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer. That is to say, the perovskite solar cell in the present invention includes a substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, a metal electrode layer and a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer; the second encapsulation layer of the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer and the metal electrode layer contact.

In the present invention, the metal electrode layer is one or more of Au, Ag or Cu; the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 50-100 nm.

The hole transport layer is selected from Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, P3HT, etc. The thickness of the hole transport layer is 100-200 nm.

The composition of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is ABX ₃ , where A is formamidine (FA), Cs, methylamine (MA), etc.; B is Pb, Sn, etc., and X is I, Br, Cl, etc. The thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is 200-800 nm.

The electron transport layer is selected from metal oxides such as SnO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZnO, etc., and has a thickness of 10 to 40 nm;

The substrate is transparent conductive glass, mainly ITO glass, FTO glass, etc.; the thickness of the substrate is 0.5-3mm.

The invention provides a method for preparing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell according to the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:

The low-temperature phase change material is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer to obtain a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer.

The invention ensures the sealing performance of the packaging layer through edge sealant or low vacuum on the packaging layer.

Preparing perovskite solar cells in the present invention also includes sequentially preparing an electron transmission layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transmission layer and a metal electrode layer on a substrate, and then covering it with a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer film, surrounding Set the sealant, cover it with a composite thermostatic encapsulation layer, and hot-press encapsulate it to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

The present invention adopts a bottom-up preparation method to prepare perovskite solar cells.

In the present invention, the substrate is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning using cleaning agent, deionized water, ethanol, acetone and isopropyl alcohol in sequence. The ultrasonic time is 10 to 25 minutes. After cleaning, the substrate is soaked in isopropyl alcohol and blown with a nitrogen air gun before use. Dry.

The present invention adopts a solution method to prepare the electron transport layer. In specific embodiments, a 1-4wt% SnO2 _nanoparticle aqueous solution is used, the spin coating rate is 3000-6000rpm, the time is 30-50s, the annealing temperature is 100-180°C, and the time It is 20~40min.

The present invention adopts a solution method to prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The precursor solution of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is selected from APbX3, where A is one or more of FA, MA, and Cs, and X is I, Br, One or more of Cl, according to the perovskite ratio, weigh the corresponding mass of AX and PbX ₂ and add them to the solvent. The solvent is DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), DMSO (dimethylformamide). Sulfone), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), GBL (γ-butyrolactone), one or more, the solution concentration is 1.0~1.6mol/L. The perovskite film can be prepared by spin coating, blade coating, slit coating and other methods. The spin coating rate is 1000~6000rpm and the time is 30~60s. Antisolvent is added dropwise 8~15s before the end of spin coating. The antisolvent is selected One of the following: anisole, chlorobenzene, toluene, and ether. In the scraping method, the height of the scraper is 60-100 microns, the moving speed is 10-40mm/s, and the airflow speed of the air knife is 6-8m/s. The height of the knife head of the slit coating method is 60-130 microns, the moving speed is 5-15mm/s, and the liquid discharge speed is 1-3mL/min. After coating, the solution is annealed to form a film. The annealing temperature is 80 to 160°C and the time is 10 to 40 minutes.

The present invention adopts a solution method to prepare the hole transport layer, the spin coating speed is 2000-6000rpm, and the time is 20-60s.

The present invention adopts vacuum evaporation method to prepare the metal electrode layer, the vacuum degree is 6×10 ^-5 ~ 2×10 ^-4 Pa, the evaporation rate is 0.5 ~ 2nm/min, and the thickness is 50 ~ 100nm, preferably 60 ~ 90nm.

In the present invention, the active area of the prepared perovskite battery is covered with an EVA (polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer) adhesive film, and sealant can be used around it, the top packaging layer is covered, and the packaging is carried out by hot pressing. The hot pressing strength is 0.05~0.3MPa, the temperature is 60~140℃, the emptying time is 3~9min, and the hot pressing time is 5~15min.

The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy for industrial production. By providing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, the present invention can effectively stabilize the temperature of the battery, thereby reducing its illumination temperature rise, improving its long-term working stability, and broadening its application scenarios.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and its preparation method provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Preliminary example 1

Preparation of the top constant temperature encapsulation layer:

Step 1. Measure 10 mL of deionized water, weigh 10.2g of anhydrous calcium chloride, and quickly add it to the deionized water; weigh 0.4g of strontium chloride hexahydrate and add it to the solution;

Step 2. Heat and expand 40-mesh graphite at 700W heating power for 15 seconds to obtain expanded graphite; weigh 1g of expanded graphite, add it to the solution prepared in step 1, and mechanically shake for 15 minutes to mix thoroughly to obtain calcium chloride hexahydrate. -Expanded graphite composite phase change material.

Step 3: Add the above-mentioned composite phase change material into the trough-type packaging glass, with a volume of 70% of the trough, and apply sealant on the top edge of the trough. Put the ultra-white glass cover on the grooved packaging glass, align the edges and seal.

Step 4: Laminate the packaging layer with a pressure of 0.1MPa and a time of 5 minutes.

Preliminary example 2

Preparation of the top constant temperature encapsulation layer:

Step 1. Heat and expand 40 mesh graphite at 700W heating power for 15 seconds to obtain expanded graphite; weigh 18.4g Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O, 1.6g expanded graphite, 2.4g deionized water, vacuum adsorb at 40°C and Stir for 4 hours to obtain sodium sulfate decahydrate-expanded graphite composite phase change material.

Step 3: Add the above-mentioned composite phase change material into the trough-type packaging glass, with a volume of 70% of the trough, and apply sealant on the top edge of the trough. Put the ultra-white glass cover on the grooved packaging glass, align the edges and seal.

Step 4: Laminate the packaging layer with a pressure of 0.1MPa and a time of 5 minutes.

Comparative example 1

Preparation of n-i-p structure perovskite cells:

The preparation method is as follows:

Step 1. The transparent conductive glass is ultrasonically cleaned using cleaning agent, deionized water, ethanol, acetone and isopropyl alcohol in sequence. Each cleaning time is 15 minutes. The cleaned substrate is soaked in the isopropyl alcohol solution and a nitrogen gun is used before use. Blow dry.

Step 2. Use the spin coating method to prepare the SnO ₂ electron transport layer on the transparent conductive glass. The solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.5wt% SnO ₂ nanoparticles. The spin coating rate is 4000 rpm and the time is 30 s. The annealing temperature after spin coating is 160 ℃, time is 30min, thickness is 20nm.

Step 3. Use a one-step spin coating method to prepare a perovskite film. The perovskite component is FAPbI ₃ , the concentration is 1.4mol/L, the spin coating rate is 5000rpm, and the time is 30s. During the film formation process, drop the film after 20s of coating. Add anisole antisolvent; the annealing temperature is 100°C, the time is 30min, and the thickness is 450nm.

Step 4. Use the spin coating method to prepare the spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer on the perovskite film. The solution is to add 73.2 mg spiro-OMeTAD, 28.8 μL TBP, and 17.5 μL Li-TFSI ( 520 mg/ml), 29 μL of FK-209 (520 mg/ml) was prepared, the spin coating speed was 4000 rpm, the time was 30 s, and the thickness was 180 nm.

Step 5. Use the evaporation method to prepare the Au back electrode on the hole transport layer. The evaporation vacuum degree is 8.0×10 ^-5 Pa. The evaporation rate in the first stage is about 0.5~1nm/min, and the time is 20 minutes. The stage is about 2~3nm/min, the time is 25min, and the film thickness is about 70nm.

Step 6: Cover the active area of the prepared perovskite battery with EVA film, paste butyl sealant around it, cover with an ultra-white glass encapsulation layer, and encapsulate and bond it by hot pressing. The hot pressing strength is 0.1MPa. The temperature is 100°C, the emptying time is 5min, and the hot pressing time is 10min.

Example 1

Preparation of n-i-p structure perovskite cells with constant temperature encapsulation layer:

Steps 1 to 5 are the same as in Comparative Example 1;

In step 6, the ultra-white glass encapsulation layer is changed to the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer prepared in Preparatory Example 1. The hot pressing strength is 0.1MPa, the temperature is 70°C, the emptying time is 5 minutes, and the hot pressing time is 15 minutes.

Performance analysis

The present invention tested the temperature of the n-i-p structure perovskite cells prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 under continuous illumination conditions, using a platinum-rhodium-platinum thermocouple to measure the temperature. The temperature changes are shown in Figure 2. As can be seen from Figure 2, after the introduction of the constant temperature encapsulation layer, the light stable temperature of the perovskite solar cell is reduced from 45.3°C to 34.2°C, which can effectively reduce the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime light.

Example 2

Preparation of n-i-p structure perovskite cells with constant temperature encapsulation layer:

Steps 1 to 5 are the same as in Comparative Example 1;

In step 6, the ultra-white glass encapsulation layer is changed to the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer prepared in Preparatory Example 2. The hot pressing strength is 0.1MPa, the temperature is 70°C, the emptying time is 5 minutes, and the hot pressing time is 15 minutes.

performance analysis,

The present invention tested the temperature of the n-i-p structure perovskite cells prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 under continuous illumination conditions, using a platinum-rhodium-platinum thermocouple to measure the temperature. The temperature changes are shown in Figure 3. As can be seen from Figure 3, after the introduction of the constant temperature encapsulation layer, the light stable temperature of the perovskite solar cell is reduced from 45.3°C to 37.8°C, which can effectively reduce the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime light;

The battery operating temperature can be adjusted according to the phase change material. It changes with the phase change temperature and phase change enthalpy of the phase change material. It is generally 3 to 8°C higher than the phase change temperature. It is suitable for constant temperature application scenarios such as the side roof of greenhouses.

The present invention tested the photoelectric performance parameters of the n-i-p structure perovskite cell prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Since Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Example 1 use n-i-p structure perovskite cells prepared under the same conditions, their initial photoelectric performance parameters are basically the same. However, after the device is continuously irradiated under one sunlight for 100 hours, the battery of Comparative Example 1 The efficiency dropped to 99.1% of the initial value, the battery efficiency of Example 1 was 99.8% of the initial value, and the battery efficiency of Example 2 was 99.6% of the initial value. It shows that the long-term light stability of perovskite cells has been improved after introducing a constant temperature encapsulation layer.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, including a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer; the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer; and an encapsulation layer encapsulated in the third A low temperature phase change material in an encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer. The low-temperature phase change material deposited on the outside of the perovskite solar cell package provided by the present invention reduces the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime light, allowing the battery to maintain a relatively constant temperature. The battery operating temperature can be adjusted according to the phase change material, and the battery can be used in constant temperature applications such as the side roof of greenhouses.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications can also be made. should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, characterized in that it includes a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer; The composite thermostatic encapsulation layer includes a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer; and a low-temperature phase change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer. 2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-temperature phase change material is a CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O-based composite phase change material and/or a Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O-based composite phase change material. Phase change materials. 3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O-based composite phase change material is selected from the group consisting of CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and porous Al ₂ O ₃ composites; CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and expanded graphite composite; or CaCl containing one or more components of nucleating agent SrCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, Ba(OH) ₂ ·8H ₂ O, inorganic salt KCl, MgCl ₂ and NaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O. 4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O-based composite phase change material is selected from the group consisting of Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and sodium polyacrylate composite. ; Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and expanded graphite composite; or containing nucleating agent Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ·10H ₂ O, thickener polycarboxylic acid, one of the inorganic salts KCl, MgCl ₂ and NaCl, or Multi-component Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O. 5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the second encapsulation layer has a trough structure, and the low-temperature phase change material is encapsulated in the trough structure. 6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, wherein the bottom thickness of the second encapsulation layer with the groove structure is 0.5-3 mm, and the wall thickness of the groove structure is 1-4 mm. 7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature phase change material includes CaCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, nucleating agent SrCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O and expanded graphite; Or include Na ₂ SO ₄ ·10H ₂ O and expanded graphite. 8. A method for preparing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: The low-temperature phase change material is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer to obtain a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer. 9. The preparation method according to claim 8, further comprising sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer on the substrate, and then covering it with polyethylene-polyacetic acid. Vinyl ester copolymer adhesive film is surrounded by sealant, covered with a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer, and hot-pressed and encapsulated to obtain a perovskite solar cell. 10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that the hot pressing intensity is 0.05-0.3MPa, the hot-pressing temperature is 60-140°C, and the hot-pressing time is 5-15 minutes.