CN116751149A - Preparation method of natural melatonin - Google Patents
Preparation method of natural melatonin Download PDFInfo
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- CN116751149A CN116751149A CN202310661906.7A CN202310661906A CN116751149A CN 116751149 A CN116751149 A CN 116751149A CN 202310661906 A CN202310661906 A CN 202310661906A CN 116751149 A CN116751149 A CN 116751149A
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- red grape
- red
- conveying pipe
- inclination angle
- control unit
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- YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melatonin Natural products COC1=CC=C2N(C(C)=O)C=C(CCN)C2=C1 YJPIGAIKUZMOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N melatonin Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCNC(C)=O)C2=C1 DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229960003987 melatonin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 241001593968 Vitis palmata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 268
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000013738 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027288 circadian rhythm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013135 deep learning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010022437 insomnia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004560 pineal gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036578 sleeping time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of melatonin extraction, in particular to a preparation method of natural melatonin, which comprises the following steps: step S1, the correction mould is driven to rotate through the conveying pipe, the hairbrush is rotated to perform angle correction on the red grape in a falling state, and the red grape is broken through the blade; step S2, when the red grapes fall to the pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, the fixing clamp fixes the red grapes, the sliding block enters the conveying pipe to push the red grape pulp, and the pressure increasing valve is opened to enable the clear water red grape skin to be washed; step S3, heating, stirring and standing a mixture of the red grape skin and clear water to obtain centrifugate when the red grape skin falls from a lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe; and S4, filtering, extracting and evaporating to concentrate the supernatant to obtain melatonin crystals. According to the invention, by correcting the angle of the red grape, the difficulty of separating the red grape flesh from the red grape skin through the break under the action of external force is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melatonin extraction, in particular to a preparation method of natural melatonin.
Background
Melatonin is a substance secreted by human brain pineal gland, and has very important function for maintaining normal circadian rhythm and sleep rhythm of human body. If melatonin secretion is disturbed, the sleeping time of the person is reversed, and sleeping quality is poor, insomnia and the like may be caused. In the prior art, the melatonin is obtained by chemical synthesis, and has the advantages of high cost, poor stability, easy influence of factors such as light, heat, humidity and the like, easy deterioration, and lower biological activity compared with natural melatonin due to the fact that some byproducts generated in the chemical synthesis process influence the health of human bodies.
Chinese patent CN113072479a proposes a method for extracting melatonin from melatonin crystallization mother liquor, comprising: the invention takes the crushed pine cone as the raw material to extract natural melatonin, so as to avoid the process of chemical synthesis, but has the problems of higher cost and lower utilization rate of the pine cone caused by a large amount of animal pine cone.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of natural melatonin, which can solve the problems of by-products generated in the chemical synthesis process and low utilization rate of raw materials.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing natural melatonin, comprising:
step S1, a correction die arranged on a conveying pipe and a hairbrush arranged below the correction die are driven to rotate through the rotation of the conveying pipe to perform angle correction on red grapes in a falling state, and a blade arranged on the inner wall of the conveying pipe is used for breaking the red grapes;
step S2, when the red grapes fall to the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe, fixing the red grapes by a fixing clamp arranged above the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe under the control of a second cylinder connected with the fixing clamp, enabling a sliding block arranged at the side end of the fixing clamp to enter the conveying pipe to push the red grape pulp so as to enable the red grape pulp to enter a discharging pipe connected with the conveying pipe, and opening a pressure boosting valve arranged in a water conveying pipe connected with the conveying pipe so as to enable clear water in a water tank connected with the water conveying pipe to flush the red grape skin at the position of the fixing clamp, so that the red grape skin falls from the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe;
S3, when red grape skin falls from a pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, a stirring rod arranged below the conveying pipe rotates, a heater arranged at the side end of the bottom of the stirring rod starts to heat a mixture of the red grape skin and clear water at a preset temperature, an ultrasonic mechanism arranged above the heater ultrasonically breaks the mixture, and the ultrasonically broken mixture is subjected to centrifugal standing to obtain centrifugal liquid, wherein the preset temperature is 70-95 ℃, the rotation speed of the stirring rod is 10r/S, and the standing time is 20min;
and S4, taking the centrifugate in the step S3 to obtain a supernatant, filtering the supernatant by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, adding propylene glycol into the filtered supernatant to obtain an extract, and evaporating and concentrating the extract to obtain melatonin crystals, wherein the evaporating and concentrating temperature is 190-200 ℃.
Further, in the step S1, an image collector disposed outside the conveying pipe acquires a falling image of the red grape disposed above the partition plate in the conveying pipe during the falling process, and the central control unit determines whether to control the first motor to start to drive the conveying pipe to rotate according to the number of the red grape with the inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image being smaller than or equal to the preset inclination angle,
And if the quantity of red grapes with the inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image smaller than or equal to the preset inclination angle is not larger than the quantity of red grapes with the inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image larger than the preset inclination angle, the central control unit judges to start the first motor.
Further, the central control unit obtains a preset inclination angle of the red grape A according to the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of a certain red grape A, wherein the preset inclination angle of the red grape A or the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the red grape A is positively correlated.
Further, when the central control unit judges to start the first motor, the central control unit obtains the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape, wherein,
the initial rotation speed is determined by the ratio of the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape to the preset average inclination angle or by the reciprocal of the ratio of the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape to the preset average inclination angle;
the initial rotation speed is smaller than or equal to the rotation speed of the conveying pipe when the first motor operates at rated power.
Further, when the central control unit acquires the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, the central control unit controls the first air cylinder to start so that the two splicing units of the partition plate move in opposite directions, and judges whether to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the change rate of the number of red grapes above the correction die,
If the change rate of the number of the red grapes is smaller than the preset change rate of the number of the red grapes, the central control unit judges to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, and the central control unit adjusts the running power of the first motor to change the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe;
wherein the ratio of the number of the complete holes of the correction die to the preset unit time is 0.5 times of the preset number change rate.
Further, when the central control unit judges to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, the central control unit obtains the adjusted rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the change rate of the number of the red grapes, wherein the adjusted rotation speed of the conveying pipe is determined through the preset change rate of the number of the red grapes and the change rate of the number of the red grapes.
Further, in the step S2, when the number of red grapes above the correction mold does not change within a first preset time, the central control unit controls the first motor to stop running;
the central control unit acquires the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A closest to the pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, acquires the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance of the piston from the top dead center according to the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A, and records the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance of the piston from the top dead center as the maximum compression ratio of the second cylinder;
When the ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance between the piston and the top dead center is obtained by the inductive switch arranged in the second cylinder, the inductive switch controls the second cylinder to stop running.
Further, when the second cylinder stops running, the central control unit obtains the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape A according to the maximum pressure-row ratio of the second cylinder, wherein the thrust to the red grape A is positively correlated with the maximum pressure-row ratio of the second cylinder.
Further, when the sliding block moves to a preset position, the third cylinder connected with the sliding block controls the sliding block to move to the original position again, and the central control unit obtains the pressure of the pressure boosting valve in the water delivery pipe connected with the conveying pipe according to the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape A, wherein the pressure boosting valve is positively correlated with the thrust to the red grape A.
Further, in step S3, when all the red grape skin is separated, the central control unit obtains the working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism according to the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water, wherein the working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism is positively correlated with the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water, and the working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism does not exceed the rated working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the red grape skin is used as a raw material to extract the natural melatonin, the angle correction is carried out on the red grape in the process of separating the pulp from the peel of the red grape, so that the clamping area of the red grape can be increased when the peel of the red grape is separated from the pulp, the stress surface is increased when the pulp of the red grape is pushed, the inclined angle of the falling of the red grape can be changed by increasing the contact probability of the transverse grape and the edge of the hole in the rotating process of the conveying pipe, the brush arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the conveying pipe in a staggered manner further helps the end of the red grape with larger curvature to face upwards or downwards in the falling process, when the end of the red grape with larger curvature faces upwards or downwards, the pressure intensity of the fixing clamp on the red grape can be prevented from being excessively damaged, and the two ends with smaller curvature of the red grape are stressed, so that the sliding block can separate the pulp from the peel more easily; the red grape pulp separated by the method is complete, reduces the limitation of the utilization mode of the red grape pulp, and improves the utilization rate of raw materials.
Particularly, the invention predicts the angle in the falling process of the red grape by capturing the falling state of the red grape, can judge that the red grape can automatically finish the angle correction in the falling process when most of the red grape can ensure that one end with larger curvature faces upwards or downwards in the free falling process, and can drive the correction die to rotate with the hairbrush to increase the contact probability and the contact time of the red grape by the rotation of the material conveying pipe when most of the red grape cannot ensure that one end with larger curvature faces upwards or downwards in the free falling process, so as to realize the angle correction of the red grape in the falling process.
In particular, the preset inclination angle of the red grape is limited according to the shape of the red grape, when the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the red grape is larger, the preset inclination angle of the red grape is smaller, the situation that the red grape cannot be fixed due to too small pressure when the fixing clamp is used for fixing the red grape due to too large inclination angle of the long axis of the red grape is avoided, and meanwhile, the pulp is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the pressure received by one end with larger curvature is larger due to too large pressure is avoided; when the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the red grape is small, the inclination angle of the major axis has less influence on the final peel and pulp separation, and thus a larger preset inclination angle is set as a comparison parameter.
In particular, the inclination state of each red grape in the falling process is evaluated by the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape, when the inclination degree of the red grape in the falling process is large, the collision probability of the correction die and the red grape can be increased by selecting a large rotation angle, the contact time of the hairbrush and the red grape can be increased, and then the angle correction of the red grape is realized.
Especially, when the rotational speed of conveying pipeline is great, the contact probability of red grape and correction mould is great, leads to correcting mould top red grape to pile up because of the whereabouts of collision blocking red grape easily, consequently slows down the rotational speed of conveying pipeline, can avoid leading to the red grape to pass through the speed of correction mould too slowly because of the rotational speed of correction mould is too big, influences the peeling efficiency to the red grape.
In particular, the maximum pressing ratio of the second cylinder is obtained according to the long axis inclination angle of the red grape, when the long axis inclination angle is large, the large maximum pressing ratio is selected, so that the red grape pulp can be fixed, and the peel is prevented from being pushed into the collecting bin when the peel and the pulp are separated; when the inclination angle of the long shaft is smaller, the smaller maximum pressing ratio is selected, so that the damage to the pulp can be reduced to the greatest extent.
In particular, the thrust to the red grape is positively correlated with the maximum compression ratio of the second cylinder, namely, the greater the pressure of the fixing clamp to the red grape is, the greater the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape is, and the separation of pulp and peel can be ensured.
In particular, the pressure of the pressure increasing valve is positively correlated with the thrust of the red grape, the pressure of the pressure increasing valve is positively correlated with the clamping force of the fixing clamp on the red grape, when the clamping force of the fixing clamp on the red grape is large, the penetration degree of saw teeth on the surface of the fixing clamp on the red grape skin is large, the red grape skin is not easy to fall, and the pressure of the pressure increasing valve which is suitable for the clamping force is selected, so that the water pressure for flushing the red grape is large, and the red grape skin is helped to break away from the fixing clamp.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first view in cross section of a natural melatonin preparation apparatus of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of a second view of the natural melatonin preparation device of the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a calibration mold of the natural melatonin preparation device of the inventive example;
fig. 4 is a detailed view of a separation unit of a natural melatonin preparation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for preparing natural melatonin according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a first view cross-section of a natural melatonin preparing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the natural melatonin preparing apparatus comprises a first motor 1, a plurality of first connecting rods 2 connected with the first motor, a conveying pipe 11 connected with each first connecting rod, a plurality of brushes 12 disposed on the inner wall surface of the conveying pipe, a housing 35 disposed below the first motor and connected with the first motor, an image collector 3 disposed on the inner wall of the housing, a feeding hopper 4 disposed above the conveying pipe and penetrating through the housing, a plurality of first cylinders 5 penetrating through the housing, a partition plate 7 connected with each first cylinder through a movable rod 6, a first chute 8 disposed above the partition plate 7 and fixedly connected with the pipe wall of the conveying pipe, a second chute 10 disposed opposite to the first chute and connected with the pipe wall of the conveying pipe, the correction mould 9 arranged below each partition plate, a plurality of water tanks 13 connected with the shell, a plurality of water pipes 27 respectively connected with each water tank, a plurality of pressure boosting valves 14 respectively arranged in each water pipe, a plurality of second air cylinders 15 respectively arranged below each water tank, a plurality of connecting rods 16 respectively connected with each second air cylinder, a plurality of fixing clamps 18 respectively connected with each connecting rod, limit grooves 17 respectively arranged at two sides of each fixing clamp, an ultrasonic mechanism 19 respectively arranged below each second air cylinder, a stirring rod 20 arranged at the bottom of the shell, a second motor 22 connected with the stirring rod and arranged at the bottom interlayer of the shell, a plurality of heaters 21 respectively arranged at two sides of the second motor, a communicating pipe 25 arranged at the inner wall of the shell and close to the bottom end, a filter screen 23 arranged at the pipe orifice of one side of the communicating pipe and a flow valve 24 arranged inside the communicating pipe, and an evaporation concentrator 26 connected to the communication pipe; wherein, each fixation clamp 18 surface is provided with a plurality of sawtooth respectively and is used for fixing the grape, and division board 7 comprises two concatenation units, and two concatenation units are connected with first cylinder respectively.
Specifically, the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe of the embodiment is 1cm, and the filter screen adopts a nanofiltration membrane.
Referring to fig. 2, which is a second view cross-sectional view of the natural melatonin preparing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the natural melatonin preparing apparatus further comprises a blade 28 disposed on an inner wall of the material delivery pipe, a conical connector 29 disposed below the material inlet hopper 4, a spring 31 disposed below the conical connector, a supporting plate 32 fixedly connected with the housing for supporting the spring, a separating unit 33 connected with the housing 35, a material outlet pipe 34 connected with the material delivery pipe, and a collection bin 30 connected with the material outlet pipe.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a top view of a calibration mold of the natural melatonin manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the calibration mold 9 is connected to each other by a plurality of metal arc rods, and a plurality of holes are formed between each metal arc rod to allow the grapes to pass through each hole.
Referring to fig. 4, which is a detailed view of a separation unit of a natural melatonin preparing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the separation unit 33 includes a slider 331 disposed at a side end of a fixing clip, a push rod 332 connected to the slider, a third cylinder 333 connected to the push rod, a pneumatic device 334 disposed above the third cylinder, a chute 337 disposed below the third cylinder, a shielding plate 335 disposed in the chute, and a telescopic rod 336 connected to the shielding plate through a cross bar 338.
The natural melatonin preparation device according to the embodiment of the invention further comprises a central control unit (not shown in the figure).
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the skin of the red grape fruit is preferably used as a raw material for extracting natural melatonin, wherein the red grape is elliptical, the curvature of the middle part is small, the curvature of the two ends is large, the density of one end far away from the branch is large, the density of one end close to the branch is small, the one end with large density of the red grape is downward in the free falling process, and the one end with small density of the red grape is upward.
When the feeding hopper 4 conveys grapes above the partition plate 7, the image collector 3 acquires a falling image above the partition plate in real time and transmits the falling image to the central control unit, the central control unit acquires the initial rotation speed of the first motor 1 for controlling the conveying pipe 11 according to the average inclination angle of the long axis of each grape in the falling image, when the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe is acquired, the first cylinder 5 controls the partition plate 7 to move in the opposite direction, the first motor controls the conveying pipe to rotate at the initial rotation speed, the central control unit acquires the change rate of the number of red grapes above the correction mold in real time according to the red grape image above the correction mold, and adjusts the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the change rate of the number of the red grapes; when the grapes fall to the position of the fixing clamp 18, the central control unit obtains the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance between the piston and the top dead center according to the long axis inclination angle of a certain red grape so as to control the induction switch arranged in the second cylinder to stop the operation of the second cylinder, when the fixing clamp stops moving, the third cylinder controls the push rod to drive the slide block 331 to move by a preset distance, the slide block drives the cross rod to move through the telescopic rod 336 so as to drive the shielding plate 335, wherein the slide block is used for pushing grape pulp to the collecting bin 30, when the slide block moves by the preset distance to the preset position, the third cylinder controls the push rod to drive the slide block to move back to the original position, the pressurizing valve 14 starts the clear water in the control water tank 13 to flush the red grape skin at the position to fall, the second motor drives the stirring rod to rotate, the heater 21 heats the mixture of the water and the red grape skin, the ultrasonic mechanism 19 ultrasonically breaks the mixture of the water and the red grape skin, and when the stirring and heating time reaches the preset duration, the flow valve 24 starts to enable the solution to enter the evaporation concentrator 26 so as to evaporate and concentrate the solution, and crystalline element is obtained.
Specifically, the grape is approximately elliptical, the inclination angle of the long axis of the connecting line of two ends with large curvature vertical to the horizontal plane is 0, and the diagonal length of the hole of the correction die is 2.5cm in the embodiment.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of cycles of the first motor driving the conveying pipe to rotate is the whole number of cycles, that is, after the conveying pipe stops rotating, each particle on the conveying pipe after the rotation is completed is still at the corresponding position before the rotation.
Referring to fig. 5, a flowchart of a method for preparing natural melatonin according to an embodiment of the invention is shown, which includes:
step S1, a correction die arranged on a conveying pipe and a hairbrush arranged below the correction die are driven to rotate through the rotation of the conveying pipe to perform angle correction on red grapes in a falling state, and a blade arranged on the inner wall of the conveying pipe is used for breaking the red grapes;
step S2, when the red grapes fall to the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe, fixing the red grapes by a fixing clamp arranged above the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe under the control of a second cylinder connected with the fixing clamp, enabling a sliding block arranged at the side end of the fixing clamp to enter the conveying pipe to push the red grape pulp so as to enable the red grape pulp to enter a discharging pipe connected with the conveying pipe, and opening a pressure boosting valve arranged in a water conveying pipe connected with the conveying pipe so as to enable clear water in a water tank connected with the water conveying pipe to flush the red grape skin at the position of the fixing clamp, so that the red grape skin falls from the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe;
S3, when red grape skin falls from a pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, a stirring rod arranged below the conveying pipe rotates, a heater arranged at the side end of the bottom of the stirring rod starts to heat a mixture of the red grape skin and clear water at a preset temperature, an ultrasonic mechanism arranged above the heater ultrasonically breaks the mixture, and the ultrasonically broken mixture is subjected to centrifugal standing to obtain centrifugal liquid, wherein the preset temperature is 70-95 ℃, the rotation speed of the stirring rod is 10r/S, and the standing time is 20min;
and S4, taking the centrifugate in the step S3 to obtain a supernatant, filtering the supernatant by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, adding propylene glycol into the filtered supernatant to obtain an extract, and evaporating and concentrating the extract to obtain melatonin crystals, wherein the evaporating and concentrating temperature is 190-200 ℃.
Specifically, the natural melatonin is extracted by taking the red grape skin as a raw material, in the process of separating the pulp from the peel of the red grape, the angle correction is carried out on the red grape, so that the clamping area of the red grape can be increased when the peel of the red grape is separated from the pulp, the stress surface is increased when the pulp of the red grape is pushed, in the rotating process of the conveying pipe, the inclination angle of the falling of the red grape can be changed by increasing the contact probability of the transverse grape and the edge of the hole, the brush arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the conveying pipe in a dislocation manner further helps the end of the red grape with larger curvature to face upwards or downwards in the falling process, when the end of the red grape with larger curvature faces upwards or downwards, the pressure intensity of the fixing clamp on the red grape is prevented from being excessively damaged, and the two ends with smaller curvature of the red grape are stressed, so that the sliding block can more easily separate the pulp from the peel.
The red grape pulp separated by the method is complete, reduces the limitation of the utilization mode of the red grape pulp, and improves the utilization rate of raw materials.
In the step S1, an image collector acquires a falling image of the red grape above a partition plate arranged in the conveying pipe in the falling process, a central control unit judges whether to control a first motor to start so as to drive the conveying pipe to rotate according to the quantity of the red grape with the inclination angle of a long axis in the falling image smaller than or equal to a preset inclination angle,
if the red grape number of the long axis in the falling image, the inclination angle of which is smaller than or equal to the preset inclination angle, does not exceed the red grape number of which the inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image is larger than the preset inclination angle, the central control unit judges to start the first motor;
and if the quantity of red grapes with the inclination angle smaller than or equal to the preset inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image exceeds the quantity of red grapes with the inclination angle larger than the preset inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image, the central control unit judges that the first motor is not started.
Specifically, the central control unit in the embodiment of the invention performs image recognition based on a neural network deep learning algorithm to extract red grapes in a falling image.
Specifically, the falling image represents an instantaneous image acquired by the image collector when the first red grape falls on the surface of the partition plate.
Specifically, the invention predicts the angle in the falling process of the red grape by capturing the falling state of the red grape, and can judge that the red grape can automatically finish angle correction in the falling process when most of the red grape can ensure that one end with larger curvature faces upwards or downwards in the free falling process, and can drive the correction die to rotate with the hairbrush to increase the contact probability and the contact time of the red grape by the rotation of the material conveying pipe when most of the red grape cannot ensure that one end with larger curvature faces upwards or downwards in the free falling process, so as to realize the angle correction of the red grape in the falling process.
The central control unit obtains a preset inclination angle of the red grape according to the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the red grape, wherein,
if the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the red grape is greater than or equal to the preset axis ratio, the central control unit acquires the preset inclination angle of the red grape as a first preset inclination angle;
if the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the red grape is smaller than the preset axis ratio, the central control unit acquires that the preset inclination angle of the red grape is a second preset inclination angle;
Wherein the first preset inclination angle α1=max {45 ° ×l2/(l1+l2), 15 ° }, and the second preset inclination angle α2=45 ° ×l2/L1, where L1 is the long axis of the red grape and L2 is the short axis of the red grape.
Specifically, the preset inclination angle of the red grape is limited according to the shape of the red grape, when the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the red grape is large, the preset inclination angle of the red grape is smaller, the situation that the red grape cannot be fixed due to too small pressure when the fixing clamp is used for fixing the red grape due to too large inclination angle of the long axis of the red grape is avoided, and meanwhile, the pulp is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the pressure received by one end with larger curvature is large due to too large pressure is avoided; when the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the red grape is small, the inclination angle of the major axis has less influence on the final peel and pulp separation, and thus a larger preset inclination angle is set as a comparison parameter.
When the central control unit judges to start the first motor, the central control unit obtains the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape, wherein,
if the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape is smaller than or equal to the preset average inclination angle, the central control unit controls the first motor to enable the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe to reach a first initial rotation speed;
If the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape is larger than the preset average inclination angle, the central control unit controls the first motor to enable the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe to reach a second initial rotation speed;
wherein the first initial rotation speed ω1=ω0+ω0× (α '- α)/α', the second initial rotation speed ω2=min { ω0×α '/α, ωmax }, where ω0 is a rotation speed of the conveying pipe when the first motor is operated at a standard output power, ωmax is a rotation speed of the conveying pipe when the first motor is operated at a rated power, α' is an average inclination angle of a long axis of each red grape, and α is a preset average inclination angle.
Specifically, the present embodiment preferably presets the average inclination angle α=45°.
Specifically, the inclination state of each red grape in the falling process is evaluated by the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape, when the inclination degree of the red grape in the falling process is large, the collision probability of the correction die and the red grape can be increased by selecting a large rotation angle, the contact time of the hairbrush and the red grape can be increased, and then the angle correction of the red grape is realized.
When the central control unit obtains the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, the central control unit controls the first air cylinder to start so that the two splicing units of the partition plate move in opposite directions, and judges whether to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the change rate of the number of red grapes above a correction die arranged in the conveying pipe,
If the change rate of the number of the red grapes is larger than or equal to the preset number change rate, the central control unit judges that the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe is not regulated;
if the change rate of the number of the red grapes is smaller than the preset change rate of the number of the red grapes, the central control unit judges to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, and the central control unit adjusts the running power of the first motor to change the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe;
wherein the ratio of the number of the complete holes of the correction die to the preset unit time is 0.5 times of the preset number change rate.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the image collector captures the red grape image in the conveying pipe in real time, and when two concatenation units of division board move to opposite direction, the image collector acquires the red grape image of correction mould top in real time and transmits to the central control unit, and the central control unit acquires the red grape quantity change rate of correction mould top in real time according to the red grape image of correction mould top.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of the complete holes of the correction mold is 44, preferably the preset unit time is 1 second, and in this embodiment, the change rate of the preset number of red grapes is 22/second.
Specifically, when the rotation speed of the conveying pipe is high, the contact probability of the red grape and the correction mould is high, and the red grape above the correction mould is easily accumulated due to the falling of the red grape blocked by collision, so that the rotation speed of the conveying pipe is slowed down, the phenomenon that the red grape passes through the correction mould due to the overlarge rotation speed of the correction mould is too slow, and the peeling efficiency of the red grape is influenced can be avoided.
When the central control unit judges to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, the central control unit obtains the adjusted rotation speed of the conveying pipe according to the change rate of the number of the red grapes, wherein,
if the change rate of the number of the red grapes is smaller than 0.5 times of the preset number change rate, the central control unit adjusts the running power of the first motor to enable the adjusted rotating speed of the conveying pipe to be a first adjusting rotating speed;
if the change rate of the number of the red grapes is greater than or equal to 0.5 times of the preset number change rate, the central control unit adjusts the running power of the first motor to enable the adjusted rotating speed of the conveying pipe to be a second adjusting rotating speed;
wherein the first regulating rotation speed r1=ωi×η/(η+η0), and the second regulating rotation speed r2=ωi×0.5×η0/η, where i=1, 2, η is a red grape number change rate, and η0 is a preset number change rate.
In the step S2, when the number of red grapes above the correction mold does not change within a first preset time, the central control unit controls the first motor to stop running, the central control unit obtains the long axis inclination angle of the red grape a closest to the pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, obtains the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder connected with the fixing clamp to the distance between the piston and the top dead center according to the long axis inclination angle of the red grape a, marks the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance between the piston and the top dead center as the maximum pressure-row ratio of the second cylinder, and when the ratio of the air pressure obtained by the inductive switch arranged in the second cylinder to the distance between the piston and the top dead center reaches the maximum pressure-row ratio, the inductive switch controls the second cylinder to stop running,
If the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A is larger than a preset inclination angle, the central control unit obtains the maximum press line ratio of the second cylinder as a first press line ratio;
if the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A is smaller than or equal to a preset inclination angle, the central control unit obtains the maximum press line ratio of the second cylinder as a second press line ratio;
wherein the first press line ratio c1=c0× (1+10) -4 X γ/γ0), the second press line ratio c2=c0× (1 to 10 -5 X gamma/gamma 0) of the formulaWherein c0 is a preset standard press line ratio, gamma is the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A, and gamma 0 is the preset inclination angle of the red grape A.
Specifically, the preset standard press line ratio in this embodiment is 317bar/cm.
Specifically, the compression ratio in this embodiment is a compression ratio within a preset unit time, that is, the piston movement distance is 1cm at an air pressure of 317 bar.
Specifically, the diameter of the straight cylinder part of the conveying pipe in the embodiment is 2cm, and only one red grape can be transversely accommodated.
Specifically, the maximum pressing ratio of the second cylinder is obtained according to the long axis inclination angle of the red grape, when the long axis inclination angle is large, the large maximum pressing ratio is selected, so that the red grape pulp can be fixed, and the peel is prevented from being pushed into the collecting bin when the peel and the pulp are separated; when the inclination angle of the long shaft is smaller, the smaller maximum pressing ratio is selected, so that the damage to the pulp can be reduced to the greatest extent.
When the second cylinder stops running, the central control unit obtains the thrust of the sliding block which is arranged on the outer side of the conveying pipe and parallel to the fixing clamp to the red grape A according to the maximum pressure-row ratio of the second cylinder, wherein,
if the maximum pressure-to-line ratio of the second cylinder is smaller than or equal to the preset standard pressure-to-line ratio, the central control unit controls the air inlet pressure of a third cylinder connected with the sliding block so that the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape A is a first thrust;
if the maximum pressure-row ratio of the second cylinder is larger than the preset standard pressure-row ratio, the central control unit controls the air inlet pressure of a third cylinder connected with the sliding block so that the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape A is a second thrust;
wherein the first thrust n1=n0×cq/c0 and the second thrust n2=n0× (1+ (cq-c0)/(cq+c0)), where q=1, 2, N0 is the thrust force received by the piston in the third cylinder at the standard intake air pressure.
Specifically, n0=1.1n in the present embodiment.
Specifically, the thrust to the red grape is positively correlated with the maximum compression ratio of the second cylinder, namely, the greater the pressure of the fixing clamp to the red grape is, the greater the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape is, and the separation of pulp and peel can be ensured.
When the sliding block moves to a preset position, the third cylinder controls the sliding block to move to the original position again, the central control unit obtains the pressure of a booster valve in a water delivery pipe connected with the conveying pipe according to the thrust of the sliding block to the red grape A,
the central control unit controls the pressure P=P0×Nu/N0 of the pressure increasing valve, wherein u=1, 2 and P0 is the standard pressure of the pressure increasing valve.
Specifically, the standard pressure p0=30 bar of the pressure increasing valve in the present embodiment.
Specifically, the pressure of the pressure increasing valve is positively correlated with the thrust of the red grape, the pressure of the pressure increasing valve is positively correlated with the clamping force of the fixing clamp on the red grape, when the clamping force of the fixing clamp on the red grape is large, the penetration degree of saw teeth on the surface of the fixing clamp on the red grape skin is large, the red grape skin is not easy to fall, and the pressure of the pressure increasing valve which is suitable for the clamping force is selected, so that the water pressure for flushing the red grape is large, and the red grape skin is helped to break away from the fixing clamp.
In the step S3, when all the red grape skin is separated, the central control unit obtains the working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism arranged below the conveying pipe according to the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and water, wherein,
The central control unit obtains the working frequency f=min { f0×H/H0, fmax } of the ultrasonic mechanism, wherein f0 is the standard working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism, fmax is the rated working frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism, H is the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and water, and H0 is the preset standard liquid level height.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the standard operating frequency f0=40 kHz, the rated operating frequency fmax=80 kHz, and the standard liquid level height is 2/3 times the height of the stirring rod.
Specifically, a liquid level sensor (not shown in the figure) is arranged in an interlayer at the inner wall of the lower end of the natural melatonin preparation device, and the liquid level sensor acquires the liquid level of the mixture of the red grape skin and water and transmits the liquid level to the central control unit.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the heating temperature of the mixture of the red grape skin and the water by the heater is preferably 70-95 ℃, the heating time is equal to the stirring time and is equal to the ultrasonic crushing time, the ultrasonic crushing time is in direct proportion to the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and the water, when the liquid level height is equal to the preset standard liquid level height, the ultrasonic crushing time is equal to 6min, and after the ultrasonic crushing time is reached, the flow valve is started to convey the solution supernatant of the filtered mixture of the red grape skin and the water to the evaporation concentrator to extract, evaporate and concentrate the solution, so that melatonin in a crystal form is obtained; the rotation speed of the stirring rod in this example was 10r/s.
Embodiment one: taking 10.35kg of red grape as a raw material, obtaining a mixture of 1.24kg of red grape skin and 2.41kg of clear water through a natural melatonin preparation device of the embodiment, heating at a heating temperature of 70 ℃, performing ultrasonic crushing at an ultrasonic frequency of 52kHz, stirring and centrifuging the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water at a rotation speed of a stirring rod of 10r/s, wherein the heating time is equal to the stirring time which is equal to 6min, standing the mixture to obtain a centrifugate, the standing time is 20min, filtering the centrifugate by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, extracting by adopting propylene glycol to obtain an extract, and evaporating and concentrating the extract at the heating temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain 0.93g of melatonin in a crystal form;
embodiment two: taking 30.24kg of red grape as a raw material, obtaining a mixture of 4.16kg of red grape skin and 7.30kg of clear water through a natural melatonin preparation device of the embodiment, heating at a heating temperature of 70 ℃, performing ultrasonic crushing at an ultrasonic frequency of 80kHz, stirring and centrifuging the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water at a rotation speed of a stirring rod of 10r/s, wherein the heating time is equal to the stirring time which is equal to 6min, standing the mixture to obtain a centrifugate, the standing time is 20min, filtering the centrifugate by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, extracting by adopting propylene glycol to obtain an extract, and evaporating and concentrating the extract at the heating temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain 2.69g of melatonin in a crystalline form;
Embodiment III: taking 20.00kg of red grape as a raw material, obtaining a mixture of 3.51kg of red grape skin and 5.34kg of clear water through the natural melatonin preparation device of the embodiment, heating at a heating temperature of 70 ℃, performing ultrasonic crushing at an ultrasonic frequency of 71kHz, stirring and centrifuging the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water at a rotation speed of a stirring rod of 10r/s, wherein the heating time is equal to the stirring time which is equal to 6min, standing the mixture to obtain a centrifugate, the standing time is 20min, filtering the centrifugate by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, extracting by adopting propylene glycol to obtain an extract, and evaporating and concentrating the extract at the heating temperature of 190 ℃ to obtain 2.01g of melatonin in a crystalline form.
Taking the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment as a first test example, a second test example and a third test example respectively;
reagent:
(1) Methanol: chromatographic purity;
(2) Absolute ethyl alcohol: high-grade purity;
(3) Trifluoroacetic acid: high-grade purity;
(4) High performance liquid chromatography mobile phase: methanol and water, and trifluoro acid 45:55:0.05.
Instrument:
(1) High performance liquid chromatograph: an ultraviolet detector is attached;
(2) An ultrasonic cleaner;
(3) And (5) a centrifugal machine.
Test example one:
the content analysis method comprises the following steps: test example 1, 30mg, was accurately weighed into a 100mL volumetric flask, and 70mL of ethanol was added to dissolve the mixture, and the volume was fixed to a scale. Accurately sucking 2mL of the solution into a 10mL volumetric flask, adding a mobile phase (4) to fix the volume to a scale, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.060mg/mL; the mobile phase is used for fixing the volume to the scale, and chromatographic analysis is carried out after the uniform mixing and the filtration by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane; 10uL of standard solution and sample purifying solution are measured and injected into a high performance liquid chromatograph, and are characterized by retention time and are quantified by comparing the peak height or peak area of the sample with the standard.
The content analysis methods of the second test example and the third test example are the same as those of the first test example, and are not repeated.
The results of measuring the content of melatonin active ingredients in the first test example, the second test example and the third test example are shown in the table one.
List one
| Melatonin active ingredient content | Purity of | |
| Test example 1 | 22.49mg | 74.98％ |
| Test example two | 20.45mg | 68.15％ |
| Test example three | 21.00mg | 70.02％ |
The melatonin content in the table is the content of active ingredients in every 30mg of melatonin in the crystal form.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing natural melatonin, comprising:
step S1, a correction die arranged on a conveying pipe and a hairbrush arranged below the correction die are driven to rotate through the rotation of the conveying pipe to perform angle correction on red grapes in a falling state, and a blade arranged on the inner wall of the conveying pipe is used for breaking the red grapes;
step S2, when the red grapes fall to the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe, fixing the red grapes by a fixing clamp arranged above the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe under the control of a second cylinder connected with the fixing clamp, enabling a sliding block arranged at the side end of the fixing clamp to enter the conveying pipe to push the red grape pulp so as to enable the red grape pulp to enter a discharging pipe connected with the conveying pipe, and opening a pressure boosting valve arranged in a water conveying pipe connected with the conveying pipe so as to enable clear water in a water tank connected with the water conveying pipe to flush the red grape skin at the position of the fixing clamp, so that the red grape skin falls from the lower end pipe orifice of the conveying pipe;
S3, when red grape skin falls from a pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, a stirring rod arranged below the conveying pipe rotates, a heater arranged at the side end of the bottom of the stirring rod starts to heat a mixture of the red grape skin and clear water at a preset temperature, an ultrasonic mechanism arranged above the heater ultrasonically breaks the mixture, and the ultrasonically broken mixture is subjected to centrifugal standing to obtain centrifugal liquid, wherein the preset temperature is 70-95 ℃, the rotation speed of the stirring rod is 10r/S, and the standing time is 20min;
and S4, taking the centrifugate in the step S3 to obtain a supernatant, filtering the supernatant by adopting a nanofiltration membrane, adding propylene glycol into the filtered supernatant to obtain an extract, and evaporating and concentrating the extract to obtain melatonin crystals, wherein the evaporating and concentrating temperature is 190-200 ℃.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the image collector disposed outside the conveying pipe acquires a falling image of the red grape disposed above the partition plate in the conveying pipe during the falling process, the central control unit determines whether to control the first motor to start to drive the conveying pipe to rotate according to the number of the red grapes with the inclination angle of the long axis smaller than or equal to the preset inclination angle in the falling image,
And if the quantity of red grapes with the inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image smaller than or equal to the preset inclination angle is not larger than the quantity of red grapes with the inclination angle of the long axis in the falling image larger than the preset inclination angle, the central control unit judges to start the first motor.
3. The method for preparing natural melatonin according to claim 2, wherein the central control unit obtains a preset inclination angle of red grape a according to a ratio of a major axis to a minor axis of a certain red grape a, wherein the preset inclination angle of red grape a is directly related to the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of red grape.
4. The method for producing natural melatonin according to claim 2, wherein when the central control unit determines to start the first motor, the central control unit obtains an initial rotation speed of the feed delivery pipe according to an average inclination angle of a long axis of each red grape, wherein,
the initial rotation speed is determined by the ratio of the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape to the preset average inclination angle or by the reciprocal of the ratio of the average inclination angle of the long axis of each red grape to the preset average inclination angle;
the initial rotation speed is smaller than or equal to the rotation speed of the conveying pipe when the first motor operates at rated power.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein when the central control unit acquires the initial rotation speed of the feed delivery pipe, the central control unit controls the first cylinder to be activated so that the two splicing units of the partition plate move in opposite directions, and determines whether to adjust the initial rotation speed of the feed delivery pipe according to the rate of change of the number of red grapes above the correction die,
if the change rate of the number of the red grapes is smaller than the preset change rate of the number of the red grapes, the central control unit judges to adjust the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe, and the central control unit adjusts the running power of the first motor to change the initial rotation speed of the conveying pipe;
wherein the ratio of the number of the complete holes of the correction die to the preset unit time is 0.5 times of the preset number change rate.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein when the central control unit determines to adjust the initial rotational speed of the delivery pipe, the central control unit obtains the adjusted rotational speed of the delivery pipe according to the red grape number change rate, wherein the adjusted rotational speed of the delivery pipe is determined by a preset number change rate and the red grape number change rate.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S2, when the number of red grapes above the correction die does not change within a first preset time, the central control unit controls the first motor to stop running;
the central control unit acquires the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A closest to the pipe orifice at the lower end of the conveying pipe, acquires the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance of the piston from the top dead center according to the long axis inclination angle of the red grape A, and records the maximum ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance of the piston from the top dead center as the maximum compression ratio of the second cylinder;
when the ratio of the air pressure in the second cylinder to the distance between the piston and the top dead center is obtained by the inductive switch arranged in the second cylinder, the inductive switch controls the second cylinder to stop running.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the central control unit obtains the thrust of the slider to the red grape a according to the maximum compression ratio of the second cylinder when the second cylinder stops operating, wherein the thrust to the red grape a is positively correlated with the maximum compression ratio of the second cylinder.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein when the slider moves to a preset position, the third cylinder connected to the slider controls the slider to move to the home position again, and the central control unit obtains the pressure of the pressurizing valve in the water pipe connected to the material conveying pipe according to the thrust of the slider to the red grape a, wherein the pressure of the pressurizing valve is positively correlated with the thrust to the red grape a.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, when all the red grape skin is separated, the central control unit obtains the operating frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism according to the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water, wherein the operating frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism is positively correlated with the liquid level height of the mixture of the red grape skin and the clear water, and the operating frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism does not exceed the rated operating frequency of the ultrasonic mechanism.
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| CN218458870U (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-02-10 | 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所(宁夏农产品质量监测中心) | Wine grape melatonin extraction element |
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