CN116746479A - Method for improving quality and efficiency of seed production by directional hybridization of sweet potato seeds - Google Patents
Method for improving quality and efficiency of seed production by directional hybridization of sweet potato seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN116746479A CN116746479A CN202310653742.3A CN202310653742A CN116746479A CN 116746479 A CN116746479 A CN 116746479A CN 202310653742 A CN202310653742 A CN 202310653742A CN 116746479 A CN116746479 A CN 116746479A
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- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of directional hybridization, in particular to a method for improving the quality and efficiency of seed production by directional hybridization of sweet potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality parent stem segments to be hybridized, sowing the parent stem segments in natural flowering habit environments such as Hainan by adopting an inserting method, carrying out frame building growth after the parent stem segments grow to have vines, cutting off branches to only reserve one main vine, bagging buds when the parent stem segments are in a full-bloom period, pollination marking after flowering, and harvesting seeds after maturation; the sweet potato can realize directional hybridization, the hybridization treatment process is simple to operate, and the adjacent planting in the method is convenient for taking powder and pollinating, thereby being beneficial to improving the breeding efficiency; the artificial pollination mode is matched with bagging and closing the corolla after pollination, so that directional hybridization can be realized, and the influence on the quality stability of the directional hybridization caused by the transmission of other pollens by insects or wind media is avoided; the optimized use of the main vines and the screening of inflorescences are beneficial to guaranteeing pollination quality and seed quality and ensuring sufficient nutrient supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of directional hybridization, in particular to a method for improving the quality and efficiency of seed production of sweet potato seeds by directional hybridization.
Background
Sweet potato is an important grain crop and occupies the seventh position of total world grain yield. The sweet potato has strong adaptability to soil environment, high yield potential, higher nutritive value and high edible energy. Under the soil environment of serious drought and barren and no grain crop grain harvest, the sweet potato yield still can reach 15t/hm2, and under the condition of extreme weather change, the sweet potato is an important backup force for guaranteeing the national grain safety. The development of the sweet potato industry has great significance for enriching dining table culture of human beings, improving life quality of people, guaranteeing grain safety and nutrition safety.
The sweet potato crossbreeding has great significance to the development of the sweet potato industry. Sweet potato is a vegetative propagation crop, is easy to infect viruses in the field, and can cause significant reduction of quality and yield of sweet potato by continuous propagation, thereby affecting grain safety. In addition, as people pursue good life, a single sweet potato variety can not meet the demands of people, so that continuous cultivation of high-quality and high-efficiency new sweet potato varieties has important significance for improving dining table culture of people and guaranteeing grain safety. Sweet potatoes originate from tropical america and belong to short-day crops, can basically bloom naturally in the south area below 23 ℃ in north latitude, and most of sweet potato planting areas in China are north-offset, can hardly bloom naturally under long-day conditions, even bloom but cannot fruit, and the sweet potatoes are highly self-incompatible, so that the characteristics bring great challenges to sweet potato cross breeding.
In production, seeds are obtained through group hybridization, namely, seeds are obtained through an open pollination mode, and then subsequent breeding is carried out, but the defects of the mode are obvious, on one hand, the source of male parent cannot be clarified, on the other hand, materials with good combining force can generate competitive action, and finally, the hybrid vigor is not comprehensive enough, the quality of the seeds is uneven, and the breeding efficiency is low. In order to improve the breeding efficiency, the high-quality offspring is directionally bred, two complementary dominant parents are usually bred for directional hybridization, and then seedlings are screened to finally obtain a dominant new variety with stable inheritance. The directional hybridization offspring parent source is clear, the screening targeting is strong, and the resources and the cost can be saved. There are two current approaches to directional cross breeding, the first: in areas without flowering habit, simulating short-day irradiation treatment to induce flowering by building a sunshade, or grafting to petunia and hormone-induced flowering, and then carrying out artificial directional hybridization pollination; second kind: sweet potatoes are planted in areas with natural flowering habit such as Hainan and the like for directional hybridization breeding. The first method is often high in investment cost, the number of obtained flowers is small, the hybridization maturing rate is low, and large-scale breeding cannot be realized. The second method has the advantages of low input cost and large number of flowers, is suitable for large-scale directional hybridization breeding, but has the defects of small sweet potato flowers, dense number, umbrella-shaped cluster state opening, difficult bagging, difficult pollination, difficult seed collection and the like, and brings great technical difficulty to artificial pollination. Based on the above problems, a method for improving the directional cross breeding efficiency by solving the simple way of directional cross breeding of sweet potatoes is urgently needed. In view of this, we propose a method for improving the quality and efficiency of seed production by directional hybridization of sweet potato seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a method for improving the quality and efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the quality and efficiency of the seed production by the directional hybridization of sweet potato seeds comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality parent stem segments to be hybridized, sowing the parent stem segments in natural flowering habit environments such as Hainan by adopting an inserting method, carrying out frame building growth after the parent stem segments grow to have vines, cutting off branches to only reserve one main vine, bagging buds when the parent stem segments are in a full-bloom period, pollination marking after flowering, and harvesting seeds after maturation.
Preferably, the inserting method needs to plant two parent stem sections to be hybridized adjacently, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 25-40cm.
Preferably, the planting environment temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the soil relative humidity is controlled to be 65-80%, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 2000-2500Lx.
Preferably, the lapping frame grows to build a herringbone frame, and the vines are wound around the frame to grow.
Preferably, the inflorescences at the bottom of the main vines are all cut off in full flowering phase and before pollination, and only inflorescences at the middle and upper parts are reserved.
Preferably, the unopened bud of the parent stem needs to be bagged, only one bud is reserved on one side branch, kraft paper with the specification of 5cm multiplied by 3cm is cut, and one end of the roll shape is sealed and then the bud is tightly sleeved.
Preferably, the control of the bud bagging time is at afternoon and pollination is performed the next morning.
Preferably, the specific pollination steps are as follows: collecting pollen of parent stem male parent in container, removing stamens of parent stem female parent flower, and applying pollen of male parent on stigma to complete pollination.
Preferably, the female parent is closed by tightening the expanded corolla after pollination is completed.
Preferably, the corolla naturally falls off after pollination, the corolla is marked on the stem, and the directional hybrid flowers are distinguished to collect the seeds with the marks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for improving the quality and efficiency of the seed production of the sweet potato seeds by directional hybridization is provided; the sweet potato can realize directional hybridization and complete hybridization improvement, which is beneficial to accelerating the breeding process and suitable for popularization; the hybridization treatment process is simple to operate, low in cost, quick, efficient, green and pollution-free; in the method, adjacent planting is convenient for taking powder and pollinating, which is beneficial to improving the breeding efficiency; moreover, the artificial pollination mode is adopted to match the bagging and the corolla is closed after pollination, so that the directional hybridization can be realized, and the influence on the quality stability of the directional hybridization caused by the transmission of other pollens by insects or wind media is avoided; the method optimizes the use of the main vines and the selection of inflorescences, is beneficial to guaranteeing pollination quality and seed quality, and ensures sufficient nutrient supply.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in detail by the following examples:
example 1
The method for improving the quality and efficiency of the seed production by the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality parent stem segments to be hybridized, sowing the parent stem segments in Hainan by adopting an inserting mode, carrying out shelf-up growth after growing to have vines, cutting off branches to only reserve one main vine, bagging buds when the flowers are in a full-bloom period, marking after flowering, and harvesting seeds after maturation.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
genetic material with complementarity and far relationship of phenotype character is selected as hybrid parent. Cutting a robust target parent in a field, sowing a stem section of the target parent in a region capable of natural flowering in short-day, wherein the embodiment is positioned in Hainan; when sowing, two target parents which are hybridized in a directional way are adjacently inserted, the plant spacing is controlled to be 30cm, and the powder taking and pollination can be facilitated.
And (3) starting to set up the frame in the period from the growth of the parent stem sweet potato seedling to the vine, selecting a bamboo pole with the length of about 2 meters to set up a herringbone frame, cutting off side branches and side buds on the vine, only retaining the growth of the main vine, and winding the main vine to the bamboo pole for growth. Because sweet potato belongs to infinite inflorescence, in the growing process, side branches are subtracted, only one main vine is reserved, and in order to ensure that the nutrition supply of the main vine is sufficient, the length of 2-3 meters can be reached, so that flowers develop along with the growth of the main vine, and the quantity and quality of flowers are ensured.
In the subsequent growth process, the main vines She Yebu of the sweet potatoes grow small lateral branches, so that the main vines are not supplied enough; therefore, in the vegetative growth stage, lateral buds need to be removed, the vegetative growth of the main vines is ensured, and the lateral buds are removed again one week before the full bloom stage. When the full bloom stage is entered, the impurity removal bagging is started.
Cutting off all inflorescences at the bottom before bagging, and reserving inflorescences at the middle part and the upper part; because the sweet potato flowers are clustered umbrella-shaped inflorescences, each inflorescence branch is reserved with one flower for guaranteeing pollination quality and seed quality, and bagging and marking are facilitated. The method can ensure the nutrient growth of inflorescences and main vines, ensure the sufficient supply of nutrition after pollination, further ensure the quality of seeds and avoid great difficulty caused by artificial pollination.
Because the sweet potato bud is smaller, the diameter is less than 1cm, the kraft paper with the length of about 5cm and the width of 3cm is cut out from the bagging in the embodiment, the bagging is rolled into a small cylinder, one end of the small cylinder is sealed by a staple, the sweet potato bud can be just tightly sleeved by the small cylinder, and the windproof capability is enhanced along with the tighter wrapping of the growth paper bag of the sweet potato bud. Because the flowering period of sweet potatoes is very short, only one day of life cycle is required after flowering, the buds are bagged in the afternoon and pollinated in the morning the next day.
The specific pollination steps are as follows: pollen of a male parent of a parent stem segment is firstly taken, pollen of the male parent is collected by using an EP pipe with the volume of 2 milliliters, then stamens of female parent flowers of the parent stem segment are removed, pollen is smeared on castrated stigma of the female parent by using tweezers, after pollination is completed, corolla with corolla spread is screwed up by hand, and insects and wind media are prevented from transmitting other pollen. Pollination in different orientations requires sterilizing hands and forceps with sterilizing alcohol, killing residual pollen and replacing the EP tube.
The pollinated flowers were shed after one day, and in this example, in order to distinguish the flowers hybridized in the orientation, the stems connecting the flowers were marked with paint with vivid color, and the seeds with the marks were collected at the time of seed collection.
Example 2
The method for improving the quality and efficiency of the seed production by the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality parent stem segments to be hybridized, sowing the parent stem segments in an environment with natural flowering habit in an inserting mode, carrying out shelf-building growth after the parent stem segments grow to have vines, cutting off branches to only reserve one main vine, bagging buds when the parent stem segments are in a full-bloom period, marking after flowering, and harvesting seeds after maturation.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
genetic material with complementarity and far relationship of phenotype character is selected as hybrid parent. In the method, a sun-shading shed is built in a Sichuan area without flowering habit, short-day treatment is simulated to induce flowering, the planting environment temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the soil relative humidity is controlled to be 65-80%, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 2000-2500Lx, so that grafting is not needed; when sowing, two target parents which are hybridized in a directional way are adjacently inserted, the plant spacing is controlled to be 30cm, and the powder taking and pollination are facilitated.
And (3) starting to set up the frame in the period from the growth of the parent stem sweet potato seedling to the vine, selecting a bamboo pole with the length of about 2 meters to set up a herringbone frame, cutting off side branches and side buds on the vine, only retaining the growth of the main vine, and winding the main vine to the bamboo pole for growth. Because sweet potato belongs to infinite inflorescence, in the growing process, side branches are subtracted, only one main vine is reserved, and in order to ensure that the nutrition supply of the main vine is sufficient, the length of 2-3 meters can be reached, so that flowers develop along with the growth of the main vine, and the quantity and quality of flowers are ensured.
In the subsequent growth process, the main vines She Yebu of the sweet potatoes grow small lateral branches, so that the main vines are not supplied enough; therefore, in the vegetative growth stage, lateral buds need to be removed, the vegetative growth of the main vines is ensured, and the lateral buds are removed again one week before the full bloom stage. When the full bloom stage is entered, the impurity removal bagging is started.
Cutting off all inflorescences at the bottom before bagging, and reserving inflorescences at the middle part and the upper part; because the sweet potato flowers are clustered umbrella-shaped inflorescences, each inflorescence branch is reserved with one flower for guaranteeing pollination quality and seed quality, and bagging and marking are facilitated. The method can ensure the nutrient growth of inflorescences and main vines, ensure the sufficient supply of nutrition after pollination, further ensure the quality of seeds and avoid great difficulty caused by artificial pollination.
Because the sweet potato bud is smaller, the diameter is less than 1cm, the kraft paper with the length of about 5cm and the width of 3cm is cut out from the bagging in the embodiment, the bagging is rolled into a small cylinder, one end of the small cylinder is sealed by a staple, the sweet potato bud can be just tightly sleeved by the small cylinder, and the windproof capability is enhanced along with the tighter wrapping of the growth paper bag of the sweet potato bud. Because the flowering period of sweet potatoes is very short, only one day of life cycle is required after flowering, the buds are bagged in the afternoon and pollinated in the morning the next day.
The specific pollination steps are as follows: pollen of a male parent of a parent stem segment is firstly taken, pollen of the male parent is collected by using an EP pipe with the volume of 2 milliliters, then stamens of female parent flowers of the parent stem segment are removed, pollen is smeared on castrated stigma of the female parent by using tweezers, after pollination is completed, corolla with corolla spread is screwed up by hand, and insects and wind media are prevented from transmitting other pollen. Pollination in different orientations requires sterilizing hands and forceps with sterilizing alcohol, killing residual pollen and replacing the EP tube.
The pollinated flowers were shed after one day, and in this example, in order to distinguish the flowers hybridized in the orientation, the stems connecting the flowers were marked with paint with vivid color, and the seeds with the marks were collected at the time of seed collection.
The method for improving the quality and efficiency of the directional hybridization seed production of the sweet potato seeds is suitable for the embodiment 1-2, can be used in simulated short-day environments such as Hainan or sunshades, is free from grafting and induced flowering, is convenient and efficient to operate, adopts the directional pollination hybridization, bagging and corolla sealing, avoids the influence of insects or other pollens on the quality stability of the directional hybridization caused by the transmission of the air vector, can ensure the quality of the directional hybridization, clear the source of male parent and avoid the problem of open pollination, and removes redundant lateral branches and inflorescences, centralizes the directional breeding, reduces the pollination basal number, and can improve the efficiency and the pollination seed production quality.
The method optimizes the use of the main vines and the selection of inflorescences, is beneficial to guaranteeing pollination quality and seed quality, and ensures sufficient nutrient supply.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the quality and efficiency of sweet potato seed directional hybridization seed production is characterized in that: the method for producing the seeds by directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality parent stem segments to be hybridized, sowing the parent stem segments in the Hainan or natural flowering habit environment by adopting an inserting method, carrying out frame building growth after the parent stem segments grow to have vines, cutting off branches to only reserve one main vine, bagging buds when the parent stem segments are in a full-bloom period, pollination marking after flowering, and harvesting seeds after maturation.
2. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the inserting method needs to plant two parent stem sections to be hybridized adjacently, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 25-40cm.
3. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: controlling the planting environment temperature to be 20-30 ℃, the soil relative humidity to be 65-80%, and the illumination intensity to be 2000-2500Lx.
4. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and building a herringbone frame by the frame building growth, and growing the vines around the frame.
5. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the full bloom stage, the inflorescences at the bottom of the main vines are all cut off before pollination, and only inflorescences at the middle part and the upper part are reserved.
6. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the unopened buds of the parent stem sections need to be bagged, only one bud is reserved on one side branch, kraft paper with the specification of 5cm multiplied by 3cm is cut, and the buds are tightly sleeved after one reel-shaped end is sealed.
7. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the bud bagging time is controlled to be in the afternoon, and pollination is performed the next morning.
8. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pollination specifically comprises the following steps: collecting pollen of parent stem male parent in container, removing stamens of parent stem female parent flower, and applying pollen of male parent on stigma to complete pollination.
9. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: after pollination is completed, the female parent is screwed up along the spread corolla to close the flower.
10. The method for improving the quality and the efficiency of the seed production of the directional hybridization of the sweet potato seeds according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: after pollination, the corolla naturally drops off, marks on the stem, and the directional hybrid flowers are distinguished to collect the seeds with marks.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090165166A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Method to enhance yield and purity of hybrid crops |
| CN109566400A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-05 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A method of for improving sweet potato judicious mating setting percentage |
| CN110249999A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-20 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A method of improving sweet potato sexual hybridization efficiency |
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- 2023-06-05 CN CN202310653742.3A patent/CN116746479A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090165166A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Method to enhance yield and purity of hybrid crops |
| CN109566400A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-05 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A method of for improving sweet potato judicious mating setting percentage |
| CN110249999A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-20 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A method of improving sweet potato sexual hybridization efficiency |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 何志华等: "园艺学概论", vol. 1, 31 January 2014, 重庆大学出版社, pages: 240 * |
| 李宝树: "关于甘薯自然开花的初步探讨", 吉林蔬菜, no. 02, 31 December 2010 (2010-12-31), pages 93 - 95 * |
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