CN116730762A - Method for preparing silicon fertilizer from fly ash and silicon fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for preparing silicon fertilizer from fly ash and silicon fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN116730762A CN116730762A CN202210210909.4A CN202210210909A CN116730762A CN 116730762 A CN116730762 A CN 116730762A CN 202210210909 A CN202210210909 A CN 202210210909A CN 116730762 A CN116730762 A CN 116730762A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of silicon fertilizers, and discloses a method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash and the silicon fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: mixing fly ash with an activating agent and coal to obtain a mixed material; dividing the mixed material into a material A and a material B; wherein, based on the total amount of the mixed materials, the material A is 40-70wt% and the material B is 30-60wt%; performing first granulation on the mixture of the material A and the potassium silicate solution to obtain master batches; performing second granulation on the mixture of the material B and the master batch to obtain silicon fertilizer raw material particles; and activating the silicon fertilizer raw material particles to obtain the silicon fertilizer. According to the application, the activating agent and the coal are added into the fly ash, and the potassium silicate solution is added in the granulation process through three times of granulation, so that the effective silicon content of the prepared silicon fertilizer is more than 20wt% and the strength is more than 10N; when a mixture of a potassium-based activator and a calcium-based activator is used as the activator, the effective silicon content of the prepared silicon fertilizer is more than 25wt%.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of silicon fertilizers, in particular to a method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash and the silicon fertilizer.
Background
The coal ash is a volcanic ash mixed material formed by high-temperature combustion of coal ash, the coal ash is subjected to high-temperature suspension combustion in a hearth, a combustible part is burnt out in a furnace, most inorganic components are mixed in high-temperature flue gas and discharged, and the particulate matters trapped by a dust collector are called as the coal ash. Fly ash mainly contains silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) Alumina (Al) 2 O 3 ) And iron oxide (Fe) 2 O 3 ) And the annual emission of the fly ash in industries such as thermal power in China in 2020 reaches 5.7 hundred million tons, and the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash is very serious.
Silicon is a necessary medium nutrient element in the crop growth process, and is the fourth largest element listed by the international soil kingdom as the next largest element to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The silicon fertilizer is a novel multifunctional fertilizer containing soluble silicon, can improve the nutrition components of crops and can increase the protein content of the crops; meanwhile, the silicon fertilizer can balance the absorption of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like by crops according to the requirements of the crops on nutrient elements at different stages; the silicon fertilizer also has the functions of disease prevention and insect prevention, and can obviously improve the performances of lodging resistance, disease resistance, drought resistance and the like of crops. In addition, the silicon fertilizer can be used as a soil conditioner, can effectively passivate heavy metals, reduce adverse effects of toxic and harmful elements in soil on crops, can also improve soil salt base and improve soil environment, and becomes a high-efficiency and high-quality fertilizer for green ecological agriculture. According to statistics, the soil with silicon deficiency in China accounts for about 50% of the cultivated area, the cultivated area with silicon deficiency is gradually enlarged, and especially the soil in Yangtze river basin is serious in silicon deficiency, and the proportion of the soil with silicon deficiency can reach 70%. Taking rice as an example, the area for planting the rice in China year by year reaches 3333 tens of thousands of hectares, if the silicon fertilizer is fully applied, the yield is increased by 10%, and only 100 tens of thousands of tons of rice can be increased each year. Therefore, the popularization of the production and the application of the silicon fertilizer has obvious social and economic benefits.
At present, powdery silicon fertilizers are most used in the market, but the transportation of the powdery silicon fertilizers is inconvenient, dust is raised during fertilization, and the use effect is poor, so that part of manufacturers can crush the silicon fertilizers prepared by briquetting and roasting into powder and then granulate the powder into a regular shape by adding a binder. The granulation process simply changes the physical form of the fertilizer, is not beneficial to the increase of the effective components in the fertilizer, and the introduction of the binder can reduce the proportion of the effective components in the fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to relieve the pressure of fly ash emission on ecological environment, and prepares the fly ash into a silicon fertilizer product with high added value, thereby not only improving the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash, but also overcoming the problems of low effective silicon content, low strength and the like of the silicon fertilizer prepared by the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash, the method comprising:
mixing fly ash with an activating agent and coal to obtain a mixed material;
dividing the mixed material into a material A and a material B; wherein, based on the total amount of the mixed materials, the material A is 40-70wt% and the material B is 30-60wt%;
performing first granulation on the mixture of the material A and the potassium silicate solution to obtain master batches;
performing second granulation on the mixture of the material B and the master batch to obtain silicon fertilizer raw material particles;
and activating the silicon fertilizer raw material particles to obtain the silicon fertilizer.
In a second aspect, the application provides a silicon fertilizer, which is prepared by the method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the effective silicon content of the silicon fertilizer is more than 20wt%, and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is more than 10N.
According to the technical scheme, the activating agent and coal are added into the fly ash, secondary granulation is carried out, and the potassium silicate solution is added in the granulation process, so that the fly ash, the activating agent and the coal powder particles can be bonded together by taking the potassium silicate solution as a binder, the silicon fertilizer particles obtain certain strength, the coal powder is added to enable combustion to occur in the roasting activation process, the activation efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the pore structure formed after the coal powder is combusted is favorable for releasing effective silicon of the silicon fertilizer, the effective silicon content of the prepared silicon fertilizer is more than 20wt%, and the strength is more than 10N. Further, when a mixture of a potassium-based activator and a calcium-based activator is used as the activator at the same time, the effective silicon content of the produced silicon fertilizer is more than 25wt%.
The method has the advantages of simple operation, low production cost, capability of utilizing a large amount of fly ash, obvious economic advantage, low coal consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash according to one embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the application, are not intended to limit the application.
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The application provides a method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the fly ash with an activating agent and coal to obtain a powdery mixed material; dividing the mixed material into a material A and a material B; wherein, based on the total amount of the mixed materials, the material A is 40-70wt% and the material B is 30-60wt%;
(2) Performing first granulation on the mixture of the material A and the potassium silicate solution to obtain master batches;
(3) Performing second granulation on the mixture of the material B and the master batch to obtain silicon fertilizer raw material particles;
(4) And activating the silicon fertilizer raw material particles to obtain the silicon fertilizer.
According to the application, the activator is a potassium-based activator and/or a calcium-based activator.
The potassium activator is at least one selected from potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and potassium feldspar.
The calcium activator is at least one selected from calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium oxide.
In some embodiments, the activator is a mixture of a potassium-based activator and a calcium-based activator.
In other embodiments, the activator is a potassium-based activator.
In still other embodiments, the activator is a calcium-based activator.
In a preferred embodiment, the activator is a mixture of a potassium activator and a calcium activator in a weight ratio of 1:2-10, preferably 1:2-8, more preferably 1:2-5.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of fly ash, potassium activator, calcium activator, and coal is 1 (0.1-0.5): 0.2-1): 0.1-0.2.
According to the application, the potassium activator and the calcium activator can synergistically improve the effective silicon content of the silicon fertilizer, meanwhile, the addition of coal can improve the activation efficiency, and the pore structure formed after the pulverized coal is combusted is beneficial to the release of the effective silicon of the silicon fertilizer, so that the effective silicon content of the prepared silicon fertilizer is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, siO in the fly ash 2 The content is more than or equal to 50 weight percent, al 2 O 3 The content is less than or equal to 25wt%; preferably fly ash aluminum extraction residues.
As a preferred embodiment, the ash content of the coal is less than or equal to 20wt%, preferably bituminous coal.
According to the step (1) of the application, the fly ash, the activator and the coal are mixed in a high-speed granulator to obtain powdery mixed materials, wherein the rotation direction of a cylinder of the high-speed granulator is opposite to that of a granulation rotor, the rotation speed of the cylinder is 20-100rpm, the rotation speed of the granulation rotor is 500-1500rpm, and the mixing time is 5-20min.
According to step (2) of the present application, the first granulation is performed in a high-speed granulator, wherein the cylinder of the granulator rotates opposite to the granulation rotor, the rotation speed of the cylinder is 20-100rpm, the rotation speed of the granulation rotor is 1000-2500rpm, and the second granulation time is 5-10min.
In the present application, the mixture may be fed to the granulator by using a separate mixer, or may be directly mixed in the high-speed granulator for the first granulation, and then directly granulated. From the economical point of view, the materials are directly mixed in a high-speed granulator for the first granulation, so that the investment of equipment can be saved, the operation can be simplified, and the process from mixing to the first granulation can be realized by only changing the operation parameters of the granulator.
As a preferred embodiment, in the first granulation process, the weight ratio of the material A to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.2-0.5.
As a preferred embodiment, during the first granulation, the potassium silicate solution is sprayed into the A batch at a rate of 5-25 mL/min.
Further, in the first granulation process, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 10-200g/L.
As a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the master batch is 0.3-1mm.
According to step (3) of the present application, the second granulation is performed in a disk granulator, in the course of which a potassium silicate solution is sprayed into the mixture of the material B and the master batch, the rotational speed of the disk granulator being 10-100rpm, and the time of the second granulation being 30-90min.
As a preferred embodiment, in the second granulation process, the weight ratio of the mixture of the material B and the master batch to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.1-0.3.
As a preferred embodiment, the spraying rate of the potassium silicate solution is 5-15mL/min during the second granulation.
As a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution during the second granulation is 10-100g/L;
as a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the silicon fertilizer raw material particles is 1-5mm.
In the first granulation and the second granulation, under the condition that other conditions are the same, the higher the concentration of potassium silicate, the higher the strength of the prepared particles; the higher the rotational speed of the granulator, the higher the strength of the granules produced, provided otherwise identical conditions.
According to step (4) of the present application, the activation is carried out in a rotary kiln having a rotation speed of 5-15rpm; the activation temperature is 200-900 ℃, and the activation time is 1-3h.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the steps of:
(1) Adding the fly ash, the potassium activator, the calcium activator and the coal with the weight ratio of 1 (0.1-0.4) (0.4-0.8) (0.1-0.2) into a granulator, then starting a high-speed granulator cylinder, starting the cylinder and a granulating rotor to rotate, wherein the rotation direction of the cylinder and the granulating rotor is opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder is 40-80rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is 600-1200rpm, and the mixing time is 10-15min, so as to obtain a mixed material; taking out 40-50wt% of the mixed material as a mixed dry material for standby;
(2) Continuously leaving the rest mixed materials in a high-speed granulator to make master batches, spraying 10-100g/L potassium silicate solution to the mixed materials in the high-speed granulator during the period, keeping the rotation of a cylinder opposite to that of a granulating rotor, adjusting the rotation of the granulating rotor to 500-1500rpm, and granulating for 5-20min, wherein the speed of the rotating cylinder is 20-100rpm, and the speed of the granulating rotor is 0.3-1mm;
(3) Transferring the manufactured mother ball particles into a disc granulator, wherein the rotation speed of the disc granulator is 10-100rpm, continuously spraying 10-100g/L potassium silicate solution in the granulating process, adding the mixed dry material taken out in the step (1), and granulating for 30-90min, wherein the manufactured silicon fertilizer raw material particles are 1-5mm;
(4) And (3) transferring the silicon fertilizer raw material particles obtained in the step (3) into a rotary kiln for activation to obtain a silicon fertilizer product, wherein the activation temperature is 200-900 ℃, the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is 5-15rpm, and the activation time is 1-3h.
The silicon fertilizer is produced by the method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the silicon fertilizer has an effective silicon content of greater than 20wt% and a strength of greater than 10N.
According to the application, the activating agent and coal are added into the fly ash, secondary granulation is carried out, and the potassium silicate solution is added in the granulation process, so that the fly ash, the activating agent and the coal powder particles can be bonded together by taking the potassium silicate solution as a bonding agent, the silicon fertilizer particles obtain a certain strength, the coal powder is added to enable combustion to occur in the roasting activation process, the activation efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the pore structure formed after the coal powder is combusted is beneficial to release of silicon fertilizer effective silicon, and the silicon fertilizer product prepared by the application has the effective silicon content of more than 20wt% and the strength of more than 10N.
The method provided by the application is simple to manufacture and low in production cost, and the prepared silicon fertilizer can be quickly absorbed and utilized by crops, so that the soil can be regulated, and the crop yield can be improved.
In order to further understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents involved in the examples of the present application are commercially available products and are commercially available.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
fly ash was taken from an Anhui thermal power plant and the average particle size of the fly ash was 43 microns, and the composition thereof in weight percent was shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of fly ash
| Na 2 O | MgO | Al 2 O 3 | SiO 2 | P 2 O 5 | SO 3 | K 2 O | CaO | TiO 2 | Fe 2 O 3 |
| 0.13 | 0.86 | 20.26 | 60.20 | 0.10 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 6.67 | 1.34 | 3.56 |
Coal, commercially available from some coal mine in Anhui, hui, has 19wt% ash, 25wt% volatile matter and less than 1wt% sulfur.
The effective silicon content and the strength of the silicon fertilizer product are important standards for evaluating the quality of the silicon fertilizer, and the effective silicon content and the strength of the silicon fertilizer are detected according to national agricultural department industry standard NY-T797-2004 silicon fertilizer.
Example 1
(1) Weighing fly ash, potassium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and coal, and mixing the fly ash, the potassium carbonate, the calcium hydroxide and the coal according to a weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.8:0.1;
(2) Adding the materials in the step (1) into a granulator, then starting a cylinder body of the high-speed granulator, starting the cylinder body and a granulating rotor to rotate, wherein the rotation direction of the cylinder body and the granulating rotor is opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 20rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is 500rpm, and the mixing time is 5min, so as to obtain a mixture;
(3) Taking out 30wt% of the mixture in the step (2) as a raw material required by growth of silicon fertilizer raw material particles, and leaving the rest 70wt% of the mixture in a high-speed granulator to prepare master batches;
(4) Spraying a potassium silicate solution to 70wt% of the mixture, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 10g/L, and performing cue ball granulation, wherein the weight ratio of the 70wt% of the mixture to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.2, the rotation of a cylinder body and a granulating rotor is kept opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 100rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is adjusted to 1000rpm, the granulating time is 5min, and the manufactured cue ball particles are 0.3mm;
(5) Transferring the mother pellets produced in the step (4) into a disc granulator, wherein the rotation speed of the disc granulator is 10rpm, continuously spraying the potassium silicate solution in the step (4) in the granulating process, adding 30 weight percent of the mixture taken out in the step (3), preparing silicon fertilizer raw material particles in a weight ratio of 30 weight percent of the mixture to the potassium silicate solution sprayed for the second time of 1:0.1, and granulating for 30min, wherein the produced silicon fertilizer raw material particles are 1.2mm;
(6) Transferring the silicon fertilizer raw material particles prepared in the step (5) into a rotary kiln for activation, wherein the activation temperature is 300 ℃, the rotation speed of the rotary kiln is 5rpm, and the activation time is 1h;
(7) And (3) packaging the activated silicon fertilizer product in the step (6) to obtain the silicon fertilizer product.
Through detection, the effective silicon content of the silicon fertilizer obtained in the embodiment is 27.21wt%, the silicon fertilizer reaches the standard (more than or equal to 20 wt%) and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 15N.
Example 2
(1) Weighing fly ash, potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and coal according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5:0.2:0.2;
(2) Adding the materials in the step (1) into a granulator, then starting a cylinder body of the high-speed granulator, starting the cylinder body and a granulating rotor to rotate, wherein the rotation direction of the cylinder body and the granulating rotor is opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 20rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is 1500rpm, and the mixing time is 20min, so as to obtain a mixture;
(3) Taking out 60wt% of the mixture in the step (2) as a raw material required by growth of silicon fertilizer raw material particles, and leaving the rest 40wt% of the mixture in a high-speed granulator to prepare master batches;
(4) Spraying a potassium silicate solution to 40wt% of the mixture, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 100g/L, and performing cue ball granulation, wherein the weight ratio of the 40wt% of the mixture to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.5, the rotation of a cylinder body and a granulating rotor is kept opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 100rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is adjusted to 2500rpm, the granulating time is 10min, and the manufactured cue ball particles are 1.0mm;
(5) Transferring the mother pellets produced in the step (4) into a disc granulator, wherein the rotation speed of the disc granulator is 100rpm, continuously spraying the potassium silicate solution in the step (4) in the granulating process, adding 60 weight percent of the mixture taken out in the step (3), wherein the weight ratio of the 60 weight percent of the mixture to the second sprayed potassium silicate solution is 1:0.2, and the granulating time is 90min, wherein the produced silicon fertilizer raw material particles are 4.5mm;
(6) Transferring the silicon fertilizer raw material particles prepared in the step (5) into a rotary kiln for activation, wherein the activation temperature is 900 ℃, the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is 15rpm, and the activation time is 2 hours;
(7) And (3) packaging the activated silicon fertilizer product in the step (6) to obtain the silicon fertilizer product.
Through detection, the effective silicon content of the silicon fertilizer obtained in the embodiment is 28.45wt%, the silicon fertilizer reaches the standard (more than or equal to 20 wt%) and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 24N.
Example 3
A silicon fertilizer was prepared according to the method of example 1, differing from example 1 only in the raw materials in step (1) in that: (1) Weighing fly ash, and mixing the fly ash, calcium hydroxide and coal according to a weight ratio of 1:1.0:0.1; the remaining steps (2) - (7) are identical to example 1.
Through detection, the effective silicon content of the silicon fertilizer obtained in the embodiment is 20.62wt%, the silicon fertilizer reaches the standard (more than or equal to 20 wt%) and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 13N.
Example 4
A silicon fertilizer was prepared according to the method of example 1, differing from example 1 only in the raw materials in step (1) in that: (1) Weighing fly ash, potassium carbonate and coal and mixing the fly ash, the potassium carbonate and the coal according to a weight ratio of 1:1.0:0.1; the remaining steps (2) - (7) are identical to example 1.
The test shows that the effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is 20.52wt percent, and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 12N.
Example 5
(1) Weighing fly ash, potassium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and coal, and mixing the fly ash, the potassium carbonate, the calcium hydroxide and the coal according to a weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.8:0.1;
(2) Adding the materials in the step (1) into a granulator, then starting a cylinder body of the high-speed granulator, starting the cylinder body and a granulating rotor to rotate, wherein the rotation direction of the cylinder body and the granulating rotor is opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 20rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is 1500rpm, and the mixing time is 20min, so as to obtain a mixture;
(3) Taking out 30wt% of the mixture in the step (2) as a raw material required by growth of silicon fertilizer raw material particles, and leaving the rest 70wt% of the mixture in a high-speed granulator to prepare master batches;
(4) Spraying a potassium silicate solution to 70wt% of the mixture, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 100g/L, and performing cue ball granulation, wherein the weight ratio of the 70wt% of the mixture to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.2, the rotation of a cylinder body and a granulating rotor is kept opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 100rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is regulated to 2500rpm, the granulating time is 10min, and the manufactured cue ball particles are 0.8mm;
(5) Transferring the mother pellets produced in the step (4) into a disc granulator, wherein the rotation speed of the disc granulator is 100rpm, continuously spraying the potassium silicate solution in the step (4) in the granulating process, adding 30 weight percent of the mixture taken out in the step (3), preparing silicon fertilizer raw material particles in a weight ratio of 30 weight percent of the mixture to the potassium silicate solution sprayed for the second time of 1:0.1, and granulating for 30min, wherein the produced silicon fertilizer raw material particles are 4.0mm;
(6) Transferring the silicon fertilizer raw material particles prepared in the step (5) into a rotary kiln for activation, wherein the activation temperature is 600 ℃, the rotation speed of the rotary kiln is 15rpm, and the activation time is 1.5 hours;
(7) And (3) packaging the activated silicon fertilizer product in the step (6) to obtain the silicon fertilizer product.
The test shows that the effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is 27.56wt percent, and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 28N.
Comparative example 1
A silicon fertilizer was prepared as in example 1, except that no coal was added in step (1).
The effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is 21.03 weight percent through detection, and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 25N.
Comparative example 2
The same raw materials as in example 1, except that comparative example 2 employed a one-step granulation process, the specific steps were as follows:
(1) Weighing fly ash, potassium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and coal, and mixing the fly ash, the potassium carbonate, the calcium hydroxide and the coal according to a weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.8:0.1;
(2) Adding the materials in the step (1) into a granulator, then starting a cylinder body of the high-speed granulator, starting the cylinder body and a granulating rotor to rotate, wherein the rotation direction of the cylinder body and the granulating rotor is opposite, the rotation speed of the cylinder body is 20rpm, the rotation speed of the granulating rotor is 500rpm, and the mixing time is 5min, so as to obtain a mixture;
(3) Granulating the mixture in the step (2) in a disc granulator, wherein the rotating speed of the disc granulator is 10rpm, spraying a potassium silicate solution in the granulating process, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 10g/L, the weight ratio of the mixture to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.3, the granulating time is 30min, and the produced silicon fertilizer raw material particles are 1.2mm;
(4) Transferring the silicon fertilizer raw material particles prepared in the step (3) into a rotary kiln for activation, wherein the activation temperature is 300 ℃, and the rotating speed of the rotary kiln is 5rpm; the activation time is 1h;
(5) And (3) packaging the activated silicon fertilizer product in the step (4) to obtain the silicon fertilizer product.
The effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is 21.78wt percent through detection, and the strength of the silicon fertilizer is 14N.
From the above examples and comparative examples, examples 3 and 4 are different from example 1 in that example 1 uses potassium carbonate and calcium hydroxide as the activator at the same time, example 3 uses calcium hydroxide as the activator only, example 4 uses potassium carbonate as the activator only, but the amount of the activator used is the same, the remaining raw material ratios are the same, but the effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is significantly reduced.
Example 5 a silicon fertilizer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the rotation speed and time of granulation and the activation time were increased, and the effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer was not significantly changed, but the strength of the silicon fertilizer was significantly increased, as in example 5 the same raw material as in example 1.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 only in that no coal is added in step (1), the effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is significantly reduced, but the strength of the silicon fertilizer is significantly increased.
Comparative example 2 is the same as the raw material of example 1, but the effective silicon content of the obtained silicon fertilizer is obviously reduced by adopting a one-step granulation method in comparative example 2, but the strength of the silicon fertilizer is not obviously changed.
The application improves the effective silicon content of the silicon fertilizer by selecting proper raw materials and proportion and adopting a step-by-step granulation mode, and simultaneously ensures that the strength of the silicon fertilizer is more than 10N.
Application of silicon fertilizer
In 2021, test planting of rice and corn is carried out in Liaoning province, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and the like is the same, and the application amount of the silicon fertilizer is 100 kg/mu compared with that of the silicon fertilizer without application, so that the yield of the rice and the corn is increased by 18.3% and 15.7% respectively.
The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the application, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the application are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the application, all falling within the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a silicon fertilizer from fly ash, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing fly ash with an activating agent and coal to obtain a mixed material;
dividing the mixed material into a material A and a material B; wherein, based on the total amount of the mixed materials, the material A is 40-70wt% and the material B is 30-60wt%;
performing first granulation on the mixture of the material A and the potassium silicate solution to obtain master batches;
performing second granulation on the mixture of the material B and the master batch to obtain silicon fertilizer raw material particles;
and activating the silicon fertilizer raw material particles to obtain the silicon fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the activator is a potassium-based activator and/or a calcium-based activator;
preferably, the activator is a mixture of a potassium activator and a calcium activator, and the weight ratio of the potassium activator to the calcium activator is 1:2-10, preferably 1:2-8;
preferably, the potassium-based activator is selected from at least one of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium feldspar;
preferably, the calcium-based activator is selected from at least one of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium oxide.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of fly ash, potassium activator, calcium activator, and coal is 1 (0.1-0.5): 0.2-1): 0.1-0.2.
4. A method according to any one of claim 1 to 3, wherein,
in the fly ash, siO 2 The content is more than or equal to 50 weight percent, al 2 O 3 The content is less than or equal to 25wt%;
the ash content of the coal is less than or equal to 20wt%, preferably bituminous coal.
5. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixing is carried out in a granulator with a drum rotating in the opposite direction to the granulation rotor, the drum rotating at 20-100rpm, the granulation rotor rotating at 500-1500rpm, and the mixing time being 5-20min.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, during the first granulating, the weight ratio of the a material to potassium silicate solution is 1:0.2-0.5;
preferably, during the first granulation, the potassium silicate solution is sprayed into the A material at a rate of 5-25 mL/min;
preferably, during the first granulation, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is between 10 and 200g/L;
preferably, the particle size of the master batch is 0.3-1mm.
7. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first granulation is carried out in a granulator with a drum rotating counter to a granulation rotor at a speed of 20 to 100rpm, a granulation rotor at a speed of 1000 to 2500rpm, and the second granulation is carried out for a period of 5 to 10 minutes.
8. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second granulation is carried out in a disk granulator, during which a potassium silicate solution is sprayed into the mixture of the B material and the masterbatch, the disk granulator rotating at a speed of 10-100rpm, the second granulation being carried out for a period of 30-90min;
preferably, in the second granulation process, the weight ratio of the mixture of the material B and the master batch to the potassium silicate solution is 1:0.1-0.3;
preferably, in the second granulation process, the spraying rate of the potassium silicate solution is 5-15mL/min;
preferably, during the second granulation, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is between 10 and 100g/L;
preferably, the particle size of the silicon fertilizer raw material particles is 1-5mm.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the activation is performed in a rotary kiln having a rotational speed of 5-15rpm; the activation temperature is 200-900 ℃, and the activation time is 1-3h.
10. A silicon fertilizer, characterized in that it is produced by the method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the silicon fertilizer has an effective silicon content of greater than 20wt% and a strength of greater than 10N.
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