CN116698213A - In-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal - Google Patents
In-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN116698213A CN116698213A CN202310549352.1A CN202310549352A CN116698213A CN 116698213 A CN116698213 A CN 116698213A CN 202310549352 A CN202310549352 A CN 202310549352A CN 116698213 A CN116698213 A CN 116698213A
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- thermocouple
- liquid metal
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- temperature measuring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
- G01K7/023—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples provided with specially adapted connectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
- G01K1/12—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading
- G01K1/125—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading for siderurgical use
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/20—Compensating for effects of temperature changes other than those to be measured, e.g. changes in ambient temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
- G01K7/10—Arrangements for compensating for auxiliary variables, e.g. length of lead
- G01K7/12—Arrangements with respect to the cold junction, e.g. preventing influence of temperature of surrounding air
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature liquid metal in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device, which comprises a probe head and a probe rod, wherein the probe head and the probe rod are connected through a connecting piece; a wire cavity and a cooling cavity are arranged in the probe rod, the cooling cavity is arranged around the wire cavity, and flowing cooling medium is introduced into the cooling cavity to cool the wire cavity; a thermocouple compensation wire is arranged in the wire cavity in a penetrating way, an outgoing wire of the thermocouple is connected with the thermocouple compensation wire, and the output end of the thermocouple compensation wire is connected with a temperature measuring instrument through the outgoing wire. The invention can carry out online, continuous, real-time and accurate measurement on the temperature of the high-temperature liquid metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature liquid metal temperature measurement, in particular to a high-temperature liquid metal in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device.
Background
The metal production process is characterized by high-temperature smelting, and the measurement and control of temperature are vital. In-situ temperature measurement is carried out on high-temperature liquid metal, and two main methods exist at present: thermocouple temperature measurement and black body cavity optical temperature measurement. The main problem of thermocouple temperature measurement is that the sensor is easy to burn, oxidize, corrode and pollute at high temperature, and a multilayer protection tube is generally needed, so that the problems of slow response speed and the like are brought, and the dynamic measurement accuracy is affected. The blackbody cavity optical temperature measurement method extremely depends on emissivity and a pure transmission path, cavity materials change phase at high temperature, smoke dust, steam and other multiphase flow environments in the transmission path have great influence on cavity radiation heat transfer, reflectivity, scattering and the like, and actual measurement accuracy hardly meets production requirements. Although the method of blowing nitrogen into the inner tube of the temperature measuring gun can solve the problem to a certain extent, new interference factors such as gas cooling and the like can be introduced. Therefore, in a real temperature measuring environment, continuous real-time accurate measurement of the temperature of the high-temperature liquid metal cannot be well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal, which can realize online, continuous, real-time and accurate measurement of the temperature of the high-temperature liquid metal under extreme conditions such as strong scouring, strong oxidation and the like in the field smelting and production process of the high-temperature liquid metal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an in-situ, continuous, contact temperature measurement device for high temperature liquid metal, the device comprising: the device comprises a probe head and a probe rod, wherein the probe head and the probe rod are connected through a connecting piece, a thermocouple with a coating is penetrated in the probe head, an opening is formed in one end, which is contacted with high-temperature liquid metal, of the probe head, a temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple is penetrated at the opening, the temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple is coated with a single-layer or multi-layer composite coating material, two through holes are formed in the probe head, and outgoing wires of the thermocouple are led out from the through holes; a wire cavity and a cooling cavity are arranged in the probe rod, the cooling cavity is arranged around the wire cavity, and flowing cooling medium is introduced into the cooling cavity to cool the wire cavity; the thermocouple compensation wire is arranged in the wire cavity in a penetrating way, the outgoing wire of the thermocouple is connected with the thermocouple compensation wire, and the output end of the thermocouple compensation wire is connected with the temperature measuring instrument through the outgoing wire.
Further, the cooling chamber includes an intermediate tube and an outer tube, the intermediate tube being disposed around the wire chamber, the intermediate tube being in communication with the outer tube and partially overlapping; the middle layer pipe is longer than the outer layer pipe, the middle layer pipe with the part that outer layer pipe does not overlap is provided with the coolant outlet, be provided with the coolant inlet on the outer layer pipe, the outer layer pipe with between the middle layer pipe, the middle layer pipe with all leave certain space between the wire chamber, form the circulation path of coolant.
Further, the outgoing line of the thermocouple is fixedly connected with the thermocouple compensation lead through welding or crimping.
Further, a gap between the thermocouple and the probe head is filled with refractory materials.
Further, the temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple is flush with or slightly lower than the end face of the probe head.
Further, the coating of the thermocouple with the coating is one or a combination of more of silicon nitride, titanium carbide, hafnium dioxide, zirconium diboride and magnesium oxide; the coating is prepared by combining a sputtering process with sol-gel.
Further, a hook is arranged at one end of the probe rod far away from the probe head.
Further, the type of the thermocouple is tungsten-rhenium thermocouple, K-type thermocouple, S-type thermocouple, B-type thermocouple or N-type thermocouple; the thermocouple is in a wire shape or a sheet shape.
Further, the probe head is made of refractory materials, and the appearance structure of the probe head is square, round, oval or other irregular shapes; the length and thickness of the probe head are designed according to the surface working condition and the insertion depth requirement of the high-temperature liquid metal.
Further, the connecting piece is fixedly connected with the probe head and the probe rod in a threaded, press-connection, buckling or hitching mode.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for the high-temperature liquid metal, provided by the invention, the thermocouple with the coating is arranged on the probe head, the installation and the replacement are simple and convenient, the probe head is fixedly connected to the probe rod with a water cooling or air cooling function through the connecting piece, and the on-line continuous measurement of the temperature of the high-temperature liquid metal under extreme conditions such as on-site smelting, strong flushing, strong oxidation and the like in the production process of the high-temperature liquid metal is realized; the coating can prevent the high-temperature liquid metal from oxidizing, scouring and corroding the thermocouple body, can prolong the service life of the thermocouple, realize continuous and long-time temperature measurement and repeated use of the thermocouple, and ensure the measurement accuracy; the probe head and the probe rod are independent modules, and the probe head and the probe rod with proper lengths can be configured according to a temperature measurement scene, so that the probe head and the probe rod are convenient to replace and high in universality.
The invention can be suitable for in-situ, continuous and contact temperature measurement of high-temperature liquid metal such as molten steel, molten iron, molten aluminum, molten copper and molten zinc in smelting and production, and the temperature measurement range is 700-2000 ℃. The temperature measuring device can be used for measuring the temperature vertically and obliquely by inserting high-temperature liquid metal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a coated thermocouple of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the high temperature liquid metal in-situ, continuous, contact temperature measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the in-situ, continuous, contact type temperature measuring device for high temperature liquid metal of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a refractory material; 2. a thermocouple; 3. a probe head; 4. a connecting piece; 5. thermocouple compensating wires; 6. a probe rod; 7. a cooling medium inlet; 8. a cooling medium outlet; 9. a hook; 10. leading out a wire; 11. temperature measuring instrument
2-1, a temperature measuring probe; 6-1, an outer layer tube; 6-2, an intermediate layer tube; 6-3, a wire cavity.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a device for carrying out in-situ, continuous and contact temperature measurement on temperature in the smelting and production processes of high-temperature liquid metal.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present invention provides an in-situ, continuous, contact type temperature measuring device for high temperature liquid metal, which comprises: the temperature probe comprises a probe head 3 and a probe rod 6, wherein the probe head 3 and the probe rod 6 are connected through a connecting piece 4, a thermocouple 2 with a coating is arranged in the probe head 3 in a penetrating manner, an opening is formed in one end of the probe head 3, which is in contact with high-temperature liquid metal, a temperature measuring probe 2-1 of the thermocouple 2 is arranged in the opening in a penetrating manner, and the temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple 2 is coated with a single-layer or multi-layer composite coating material with high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, scouring resistance and good thermal conductivity.
Two through holes are formed in the probe head 3, the through holes in the probe head 3 are prefabricated holes, the thermocouple 2 is convenient to install and replace, the thermocouple 2 is of a U-shaped structure, and outgoing lines of the thermocouple 2 are led out from the through holes; a wire cavity 6-3 and a cooling cavity are arranged in the probe rod 6, the cooling cavity is arranged around the wire cavity 6-3, and flowing cooling medium is introduced into the cooling cavity to cool the wire cavity 6-3; the thermocouple compensation wire 5 is arranged in the wire cavity 6-3 in a penetrating way, the outgoing wire of the thermocouple 2 is connected with the thermocouple compensation wire 5, and the output end of the thermocouple compensation wire 5 is connected with the temperature measuring instrument 11 through the outgoing wire 10. The thermometer 11 can collect and display temperature measurement data in real time, and can also transmit the temperature measurement data to other appointed equipment in various communication modes.
The cooling medium is water or gas, for example, preferably water is used as the cooling medium, so that the probe rod 6 has a water cooling function.
Specifically, the cooling chamber includes an intermediate pipe 6-2 and an outer pipe 6-1, the intermediate pipe 6-2 being disposed around the wire chamber 6-3, the intermediate pipe 6-2 being in communication with the outer pipe 6-1 and partially overlapping; the middle layer tube 6-2 is longer than the outer layer tube 6-1, a cooling medium outlet 8 is arranged at the non-overlapping part of the middle layer tube 6-2 and the outer layer tube 6-1, a cooling medium inlet 7 is arranged on the outer layer tube 6-1, and a certain gap is reserved between the outer layer tube 6-1 and the middle layer tube 6-2 and between the middle layer tube 6-2 and the wire cavity 6-3 to form a circulation passage of cooling medium. The wire cavity 6-3 is an inner layer tube. The probe rod 6 is made of stainless steel materials. The inner tube, the intermediate tube 6-2 and the outer tube 6-1 are welded together, and steel tubes are used.
Wherein, the outgoing line of the thermocouple 2 is fixedly connected with the thermocouple compensation lead 5 in a welding or crimping way.
And a gap between the thermocouple 2 with the coating and the probe head 3 is filled with a refractory material 1, so that the high-temperature liquid metal is prevented from corroding and oxidizing the thermocouple 2 through the gap, and the service life of the thermocouple 2 is prolonged. The refractory material 1 has good heat conducting properties.
The temperature measuring probe 2-1 of the thermocouple 2 is flush with the end face of the probe head 3 or slightly lower than the end face of the probe head 3. So as to reduce the influence of strong scouring on the temperature measuring probe 2-1 of the thermocouple 2 in the high-temperature liquid metal smelting process, and further improve the service life of the thermocouple 2. The gap portion may be filled with the refractory material 1 when the measuring end of the thermocouple 2 is lower than the end face of the probe 3.
The coating of the thermocouple 2 with the coating is one or a combination of more of silicon nitride, titanium carbide, hafnium dioxide, zirconium diboride and magnesium oxide; the coating is prepared by combining a sputtering process with sol-gel. The coating may be a single layer or a multi-layer composite coating material.
The thermocouple 2 is a tungsten-rhenium thermocouple, a K-type thermocouple, an S-type thermocouple, a B-type thermocouple or an N-type thermocouple, and can be of other types; the thermocouple 2 may be wire-shaped or sheet-shaped.
The probe head 3 is made of refractory materials, and the external structure of the probe head can be square, round, oval or other irregular shapes. The length and thickness of the metal can be designed according to the surface working condition of the high-temperature liquid metal and the requirement of the insertion depth. In the embodiment of the invention, the appearance structure of the probe head is round.
The connecting piece 4 is of a hollow structure, and is fixedly connected with the probe head 3 and the probe rod 6 in a threaded, press-connection, fastening or hitching mode.
One end of the probe rod 6 far away from the probe head 3 is provided with a hook 9, so that the device is convenient to hang and use.
The device provided by the invention can be used for in-situ, continuous and contact measurement of the temperature of various liquid metals, including molten steel, molten iron, molten aluminum, molten copper and molten zinc, and the temperature measurement range is 700-2000 ℃. The continuous thermometry time may be from a few minutes to hundreds of minutes depending on the liquid metal. The temperature measuring device can be used for measuring the temperature vertically and obliquely by inserting high-temperature liquid metal.
The assembly process of the high-temperature liquid metal in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device comprises the following steps:
according to the high-temperature liquid metal smelting furnace, the depth of liquid metal, smelting impurities and the thickness of waste residues, a probe head 3 with a proper length and a probe rod 6 with a proper length are selected to be assembled through a connecting piece 4;
the type of the thermocouple 2 with the coating is selected according to the smelting temperature range of the high-temperature liquid metal, such as a tungsten-rhenium thermocouple, a K-type thermocouple, an S-type thermocouple, a B-type thermocouple and an N-type thermocouple, wherein the shape of the thermocouple can be a wire shape or a sheet shape;
installing the coated thermocouple 2 into the probe head 3, and filling the installed gap with the refractory material 1;
according to the type of the thermocouple, selecting a corresponding thermocouple compensation wire 5, and fixedly connecting a thermocouple outgoing line with the thermocouple compensation wire 5 in a welding or crimping connection mode;
fixedly connecting the probe head 3 and the probe rod 6 through a connecting piece 4;
the water cooling device is arranged to provide a cold water source, a water outlet of the water cooling device is respectively connected with a cooling medium inlet 7 of the gun detection rod 6, a water inlet is connected with a cooling medium outlet 8 of the gun detection rod 6, and whether the water cooling device works normally or not is confirmed in a test running mode, and whether a water channel leaks or not is confirmed;
according to the temperature test scene and the length and weight of the temperature measuring device, the temperature measuring device can be inserted into the high-temperature liquid metal by a hoisting or mechanical operation mode device for continuous contact temperature measurement; the temperature measuring device can be vertical or can be obliquely inserted into high-temperature liquid metal, and the length of the probe head 3 is selected to ensure that enough length meets the requirement of high-temperature liquid metal temperature measurement;
before the temperature measuring device is inserted into the high-temperature liquid metal, the water cooling device is started, and meanwhile, temperature data acquisition is started, so that continuous and contact temperature measurement is realized.
The invention can be suitable for in-situ, continuous and contact temperature measurement of high-temperature liquid metal such as molten steel, molten iron, molten aluminum, molten copper and molten zinc in smelting and production, and the temperature measurement range is 700-2000 ℃. The temperature measuring device can be used for measuring the temperature vertically and obliquely by inserting high-temperature liquid metal.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ, continuous, contact temperature measurement device for high temperature liquid metal, comprising:
the device comprises a probe head (3) and a probe rod (6), wherein the probe head (3) and the probe rod (6) are connected through a connecting piece (4), a thermocouple (2) with a coating is arranged in the probe head (3) in a penetrating manner, an opening is formed in one end of the probe head (3) in contact with high-temperature liquid metal, a temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple (2) is arranged at the opening in a penetrating manner, the temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple (2) is coated with a single-layer or multi-layer composite coating material, two through holes are formed in the probe head (3), and lead wires of the thermocouple (2) are led out from the through holes; a wire cavity (6-3) and a cooling cavity are arranged in the probe rod (6), the cooling cavity is arranged around the wire cavity (6-3), and flowing cooling medium is introduced into the cooling cavity to cool the wire cavity (6-3); a thermocouple compensation wire (5) is arranged in the wire cavity (6-3) in a penetrating mode, an outgoing wire of the thermocouple (2) is connected with the thermocouple compensation wire (5), and the output end of the thermocouple compensation wire (5) is connected with a temperature measuring instrument (11) through an outgoing wire (10).
2. The in-situ, continuous, contact-type temperature measuring device of high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling cavity comprises an intermediate layer tube (6-2) and an outer layer tube (6-1), the intermediate layer tube (6-2) being arranged around the wire cavity (6-3), the intermediate layer tube (6-2) being in communication with the outer layer tube (6-1) and partly overlapping; the middle layer tube (6-2) is longer than the outer layer tube (6-1), a part of the middle layer tube (6-2) which is not overlapped with the outer layer tube (6-1) is provided with a cooling medium outlet (8), the outer layer tube (6-1) is provided with a cooling medium inlet (7), and a certain gap is reserved between the outer layer tube (6-1) and the middle layer tube (6-2) and between the middle layer tube (6-2) and the wire cavity (6-3) to form a circulation passage of cooling medium.
3. The in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the outgoing line of the thermocouple (2) is fixedly connected with the thermocouple compensation lead (5) in a welding or crimping mode.
4. The in-situ, continuous, contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that a gap between the thermocouple (2) and the probe head (3) is filled with refractory material (1).
5. The in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the temperature measuring probe of the thermocouple (2) is flush with the end face of the probe head (3) or slightly lower than the end face of the probe head (3).
6. The in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the coating of the thermocouple (2) with the coating is one or a combination of more of silicon nitride, titanium carbide, hafnium dioxide, zirconium diboride and magnesium oxide; the coating is prepared by combining a sputtering process with sol-gel.
7. The in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein a hook (9) is arranged at one end of the probe rod (6) far away from the probe head (3).
8. The in-situ, continuous, contact type temperature measuring device of high temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermocouple (2) is of the type tungsten rhenium thermocouple, a K-type thermocouple, an S-type thermocouple, a B-type thermocouple or an N-type thermocouple; the thermocouple (2) is in a wire shape or a sheet shape.
9. The in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the probe head (3) is made of refractory materials, and the external structure of the probe head (3) is square, round, oval or other irregular shapes; the length and thickness of the probe head (3) are designed according to the surface working condition and the insertion depth requirement of the high-temperature liquid metal.
10. The in-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal according to claim 1, wherein the connecting piece (4) is fixedly connected with the probe head (3) and the probe rod (6) in a threaded, press-connection, buckling or hitching mode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310549352.1A CN116698213A (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | In-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310549352.1A CN116698213A (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | In-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116698213A true CN116698213A (en) | 2023-09-05 |
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ID=87840077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310549352.1A Pending CN116698213A (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | In-situ, continuous and contact type temperature measuring device for high-temperature liquid metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116698213A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-05-16 CN CN202310549352.1A patent/CN116698213A/en active Pending
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