CN116686461B - A pneumatic device and method for layered mixed sowing of soybean, grass and pasture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic type bean and grass parallel layered mixed sowing device and a method, wherein a loosening disc, a grass seed sowing device, a soil covering pressing component and a leguminous grass seed sowing device are sequentially arranged on a frame from front to back, a ditching component is arranged below the grass seed sowing device, a depth limiting wheel is arranged below the grass seed sowing device, the soil covering pressing component has a profiling function, the loosening disc is used for cutting turf and loosening hard soil, a soil covering plate of the soil covering pressing component can cover soil on seeds sowed by the grass seed sowing device, so that the soil partially covers a seed ditch, seeds of the leguminous grass seed sowing device are sowed into shallow seed ditches after the soil covering, the pressing wheel can cover soil on seeds sowed by the leguminous grass seed sowing device, the same-row mixed sowing operation is realized, and the ditching component and the soil covering pressing component have profiling functions, so that the consistency of in-row sowing depth of grass seeds and leguminous grass seeds can be respectively ensured.

Description

A pneumatic device and method for layered mixed sowing of soybean, grass and pasture

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanized grassland improvement research, and specifically relates to a pneumatic soybean, grass, and pasture peer-stratified mixed sowing device and method for establishing grazing grassland.

Background technique

In recent years, due to overgrazing, degraded grasslands have led to a decrease in vegetation height, coverage, yield and quality, a reduction in soil aggregate structure, a decline in soil fertility, and a decline in production capacity and ecological functions. Mixed sowing of leguminous and gramineous pasture seeds can increase grass yields. , improve soil structure and increase soil fertility, which is an important means to improve degraded grassland and establish grazing grassland. The biology, ecology and plant nutritional metabolism of different types of forage vary greatly. Reasonable mixed sowing can give full play to the advantages of different forages, avoid their shortcomings, and achieve the purpose of complementing the advantages. There is currently a lack of seeding devices suitable for mixed sowing of leguminous and grassy forage seeds, especially for mixed sowing of legumes and grasses.

Due to the large differences in the shape, size and mobility of soybean and grass seeds, the existing mixed sowing methods are basically manual sowing. However, the sowing of this method is uneven and the labor cost is high. Since the sowing depth of leguminous grass seeds is mostly 1~2 cm and the sowing rate is small, while the sowing depth of grass grass seeds is mostly 4~5 cm and the sowing rate is large, the sowing depth and sowing rate requirements of the two are inconsistent. It also makes it difficult for existing soybean and grain mixed sowing machinery to meet the agronomic requirements for mixed sowing.

Contents of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the existing soybean, grass and forage mixed sowing methods and devices, one object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic soybean, grass and forage peer-layered mixed sowing method, which is used to solve the problem of uneven soybean and grass mixed sowing and the sowing depth and sowing depth of different types of seeds. Problems such as inconsistent quantity requirements. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic soybean, grass and pasture side-by-side layered mixed sowing device to implement the above method.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a pneumatic soybean, grass and forage layered mixed sowing device, which is characterized in that it includes a frame 1, a three-point suspension mechanism 2, a trenching component 3, a depth limiting wheel 4, a soil covering suppression component 5, and a gramineous forage row. Seed device 6, leguminous grass seeding device 7 and loosening disk 8.

The soil loosening disk 8 is installed under the frame and is used to cut through the hard soil of turf and loose degraded grassland to facilitate subsequent trenching operations; the trenching assembly 3 includes a double disc trencher 302, a profiling The spring 303, the parallelogram connecting rod 301 and the grass seed guide pipe 304 are installed under the frame beam through bolts, and a grass seed ditch is opened in the loosened grassland; the depth limiting wheel 4 is installed on the grass through the connecting rod. Below the longitudinal beam of the frame; the soil-covering suppression component 5 includes a soil-covering plate 501, a soil-covering plate connecting rod 502, a spring 503, a horizontal connecting rod 504, a suppressing wheel connecting rod 505 and a suppressing wheel 506, which are fixedly connected to the frame through horizontal connecting rods. ; The covering plate 501 is connected to one end of the covering plate connecting rod 502, and the other end of the covering plate connecting rod is connected to the horizontal connecting rod 504 through a spring 503. The covering plate connecting rod 502 is hinged with the horizontal connecting rod 504; the suppression wheel 506 passes The suppressing wheel connecting rod 505 is connected with the horizontal connecting rod 504. Both the trenching component and the soil-covering suppressing component have a profiling function, which can respectively ensure the consistency of sowing depth within the row of grass seeds and leguminous grass seeds.

The grass seeding device 6 includes a grass seed box 601, a Venturi seed pipe 602, an air-blown distributor 603, a seed dividing pipe 604, a motor 605, a seed pipe 611, a seed pipe 606 and a Fan I 607; two grass seed boxes 601 are provided, which are connected to two left and right motors 605 respectively. The motor drives the seed supply wheel inside the seed box 601 to rotate, and supplies the grass seeds into the Venturi seed pipe 602 ; One horizontal end of the Venturi seed transmission pipe 602 is connected to the air outlet of the fan I 607, the other horizontal end is connected to the seed transmission elbow 606, and the vertical end is connected to the seed supply pipe of the seed box 601. The fan I 607 blows out The air flow and seeds form a two-phase flow of air and seeds in the venturi tube, and under the use of the air flow, the grass seeds are blown into the air-blown distributor 603; 6 distribution ports are evenly distributed on the side of the distributor shell 608, 6 Each distribution port is connected to 6 distribution pipes respectively. The double concave arc distribution head 610 is placed in the upper part of the distributor shell 608. The lower end of the distributor shell 608 is connected to the seed feeding elbow 606 through the seed feeding pipe 609; the air-blown distributor 603 is provided with 6 seeding openings, which are respectively connected to 6 seeding pipes 604. Each seeding pipe 604 is connected to the seed guide pipe 304 of the opener 302 through the seed transmission pipe 611. The seed feeding pipe 609 is connected to the seed transmission elbow 606. After the connection, the grass seeds are transported to the distributor 603, and are evenly distributed to each seeding pipe 604 under the action of the distributor 603, and then enter the seed guide pipe through the seed transmission pipe, and finally fall into the grass seed ditch.

The air-blown distributor 603 includes a distributor shell 608, a double concave arc-shaped distribution head 610, and a seed (air) pipe 609. The distributor shell 608 has 6 distribution ports evenly distributed on the side, and the 6 distribution ports are respectively Connect 6 distribution pipes, the double concave arc distribution head 610 is placed in the upper part of the distributor shell 608, the lower end of the distributor shell 608 is connected to the seed delivery elbow 606 through the seed feeding pipe 609, and the air flow carries the seeds from the seed feeding (air) pipe to Distribution head, due to the characteristics of small collision recovery coefficient and poor fluidity of grass forage seeds, the double-concave arc distribution head can play a buffering role to make most of the seeds slide along the arc surface, and guide the air flow, making the grass Graminous forage seeds can be evenly distributed into various seeding tubes, which improves the seeding effect of gramineous forage seeds.

The leguminous grass seeding device 7 includes a leguminous grass seeding box 701, an air-suction leguminous grass seeding device 702, a leguminous seed guide pipe 703, an air distribution disc 704, an air-suction connecting pipe 705, and a fan II 706 , air distribution pipe 707; the leguminous grass seed box 701 is installed at the rear and upper part of the frame, and the horizontal position is between the soil covering plate 501 and the suppression wheel 506. There are 6 seed supply ports directly below the seed box 701, which are respectively connected to the air suction type. Leguminous grass seed metering device 702; the seed inlet of the air-suction leguminous grass seed metering device 702 is connected to the seed supply port of the seed box 701, and the seed guide pipe of the air-suction leguminous grass seed metering device is located on the soil covering plate and Between the suppression wheels; the air suction port of the fan II 706 is connected to the air distribution disc 704 through an air suction connecting pipe. There are an average of 6 air suction ports on the side of the air distribution disc 704, and the 6 air suction ports are connected respectively. 6 air distribution pipes, the 6 air distribution pipes are respectively connected to the air-suction legume seed metering devices, and the air distribution disk 704 is used to evenly distribute the air flow of each air-suction seed metering device, so that each row of air-suction seed metering devices can The number of seed particles adsorbed by the holes in the seed metering device is the same, which avoids the uneven air flow leading to larger numbers of adsorbed seeds in some holes, and smaller air flow in some holes, resulting in seed leakage. This ensures that legumes in each row are Pasture seed rate consistency.

Preferably, the soil loosening disk 8, the trenching assembly 3, the grass seeding device 6, the covering plate 501, the leguminous air-suction seeding device 702, and the suppression wheel 506 are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the double circle The vertical distance between the bottom end of the pan and the bottom end of the soil covering plate is set to 3~4 cm, and the vertical distance between the pressing wheel and the soil covering plate is set to 1~2 cm, forming a "deep loosening-ditching-sowing of grass seeds-shallow covering with soil-sowing" Leguminous pasture seeds—suppressed” process route method of mixed sowing of leguminous grasses.

Preferably, the distribution head inside the air-blown distributor 603 is of a "double concave arc" type, that is, it is composed of a symmetrical distribution of 1/4 concave arcs; when the collision recovery coefficient is small and the grass with poor fluidity is When the forage seeds enter the distribution head with the air flow, it can act as a buffer to make some seeds slide around along the arc surface, and also guides the air flow, so that the grass seeds can be evenly distributed into each sorting tube.

Preferably, the pneumatic mixing device for soybean and grass adopts a combined air blowing and air suction mixing method. The air blowing seeding device has good applicability for grass seeds of different sizes, while the air suction type seeding device has good applicability for grass seeds of different sizes. The seeding device has a good precision seeding effect for alfalfa small-diameter leguminous grass seeds. The pneumatic combined type of the present invention can not only meet the requirements for the mixed sowing ratio of legumes and grasses, but also can meet the requirements of "one leguminous grass + multiple grasses". The agronomic needs of mixed sowing of pasture seeds.

A pneumatic soybean, grass and forage side-by-side layered mixed sowing method, which uses the pneumatic soybean, grass and forage side-by-side layered mixed sowing device of the present invention, and includes the following steps:

Step 1: Determine the type and proportion of mixed sowing of soybeans and crops, adjust and check the level difference between the opener, soil covering board and suppression wheel to complete the preparation work;

Step 2: Start fan I and fan II, and check whether the air tightness of the connection of each air flow pipe is good. After the air flow from the seed guide pipe is stably discharged, start and control the motor speed to seed the grass seeds;

Step 3: When the seeds are about to be discharged from the grass seed guide pipe, start the power device to drive the frame forward and drive the seed supply wheel in the grass seed box to rotate. First, use the loosening disk to open a 4~6 cm wide , 6~8 cm deep loose soil area, and then the double disc trencher opens a grass seed trench of about 5 cm in the loose soil area; if the field land is uneven, the parallelogram connection of the trench opener The rod can have a profiling function to ensure consistent trenching depth;

Step 4: After the grass seeds fall into the seed ditch, the soil covering device will cover the seeds on both sides with a soil covering depth of 3~4 cm;

Step 5: After the soil covering is completed, the leguminous grasses are discharged into the shallow seed ditch after the soil covering through the air-suction seed metering device, and then suppressed to complete the mixed sowing operation of beans, grasses and grasses.

A pneumatic soybean, grass and forage peer-layered mixed sowing device and method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The method of "deep loosening - trenching - sowing grass seeds - shallow covering of soil - sowing leguminous grass seeds - suppression" can effectively solve the problem of inconsistent sowing depth and sowing amount requirements for different types of seeds, and meet the requirements of soybeans. The agronomic requirements of mixed sowing of crops and crops ensure the gain effect of mixed sowing of beans and crops;

(2) The air-blowing and air-suction combined seeding device used can effectively solve the problem that existing seeding devices are difficult to adapt to the seeding of different types of forage seeds with different shapes, sizes, and fluidities, ensuring the uniformity of the mixed sowing ratio of beans and grass and ensuring the uniformity of the mixed sowing ratio within each row. Consistency of broadcast volume;

(3) The "double concave arc" type air-blown distribution head is used, that is, the inside of the distributor is composed of a symmetrical distribution of 1/4 concave arcs. When the grass seeds with a small collision recovery coefficient and poor fluidity follow the air flow When entering the distribution head, it can play a buffering role to make some seeds slide around along the arc surface, and has a guiding effect on the air flow, so that the grass seeds can be evenly distributed into each sorting tube, improving the seeding effect of the grass seeds. .

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is an isometric view of a pneumatic soybean, grass, and pasture side-by-layer mixed sowing device of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side view of a pneumatic soybean, grass and pasture side-by-layer mixed sowing device according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a front view of the air-blown distributor of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layered mixed sowing method of soybean, grass and forage in the same row according to the present invention.

In the picture: 1. Frame; 2. Three-point suspension mechanism; 3. Trenching assembly, 301. Parallelogram connecting rod, 302. Double disc furrower, 303. Copying spring, 304. Graminaceae seed guide tube ; 4. Depth limit wheel; 5. Soil covering suppression component, 501. Soil covering plate, 502. Soil covering plate connecting rod, 503 spring, 504. Horizontal connecting rod, 505. Suppression wheel connecting rod, 506. Suppression wheel; 6. Gramineae Forage seeding device, 601. Graminous grass seed box, 602. Venturi seed feeding pipe, 603. Air blowing distributor, 604. Seed dividing pipe, 605. Motor, 606. Seed feeding elbow, 607. Fan Ⅰ , 608. Distributor shell, 609. Distribution head seed (gas) pipe, 610. Double concave arc distribution head, 611. Seed delivery pipe; 7. Leguminous pasture seeding device, 701. Leguminous pasture seed box, 702. Air-suction legume seed metering device, 703. Leguminous seed guide tube, 704. Air distribution disc, 705. Air-suction connecting pipe, 706. Fan II, 707. Air distribution pipe; 8. Soil loosening circle plate.

Detailed ways

The embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to make the implementation objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more detailed and clear, the technical solutions in the examples of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numbers throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments and directional words described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention provides a pneumatic layered sowing device for soybean, grass and pasture, which is characterized in that it includes a frame 1, a three-point suspension mechanism 2, a deep trenching assembly 3, and a depth-limiting wheel 4 , covering soil suppression component 5, grass seeding device 6, leguminous grass seeding device 7 and loosening disk 8.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the trenching assembly 3 includes a double disc trencher 302, a copy spring 303, a parallelogram connecting rod 301 and a grass seed guide tube 304. The double disc trencher (302 ) is connected to the frame through a parallelogram connecting rod (301), the upper end of the copy spring (303) is connected to the frame, the lower end is connected to the parallelogram connecting rod (301), and the lower end of the gramineous seed guide tube (304) is set Inside the double disc trencher (302), it is installed under the cross beam of the frame 1 through bolts, and is used to open grass seed trenches; the depth limiting wheel 4 is installed on the longitudinal beam of the frame 1 through a vertical connecting rod. Below; the soil-covering suppression assembly 5 includes a soil-covering plate 501, a soil-covering plate connecting rod 502, a spring 503, a horizontal connecting rod 504, a suppressing wheel connecting rod 505 and a suppressing wheel 506, and is fixedly connected to the frame 1 through the horizontal connecting rod 504; so The covering plate 501 is connected to one end of the covering plate connecting rod 502, and the other end of the covering plate connecting rod 502 is connected to the horizontal connecting rod 504 through a spring 503. The covering plate connecting rod is hinged with the horizontal connecting rod; the suppressing wheel 506 is connected through the suppressing wheel. Rod 505 is connected to horizontal link 504. The soil loosening disk 8 is installed under the frame and is used to cut through the hard soil of turf and loose degraded grassland, which is convenient for subsequent trenching operations; the trenching component and the soil suppressing component both have profiling functions and can be used respectively. Ensure consistent sowing depth within rows of grass and legume seeds.

The grass seeding device 6 mainly includes a grass seed box 601, a Venturi seed pipe 602, an air-blown distributor 603, a seed dividing pipe 604, a motor 605, a seed pipe 611, and a seed pipe 606 Wind blower I 607; two grass seed boxes 601 are provided, which are connected to two left and right motors 605 respectively. The motor drives the seed supply wheel inside the seed box 601 to rotate, and supplies the grass seeds into the Venturi seed pipe 602 Inside; one horizontal end of the Venturi seed delivery pipe 602 is connected to the air outlet of the fan I 607, the other horizontal end is connected to the seed delivery elbow 606, and the vertical end is connected to the seed supply pipe of the seed box 601. The fan I 607 The blown airflow and the seeds form a two-phase flow of air and seeds in the Venturi tube, and under the use of the airflow, the grass seeds are blown into the air-blown distributor 603; the air-blown distributor 603 is provided with 6 seeding ports , respectively connect 6 seed pipes 604, each seed pipe 604 is connected to the seed guide pipe 304 of the opener 302 through the seed pipe 611, the seed pipe 609 is connected to the seed pipe 606, and the grass seeds are transported to the distributor 603, and is evenly distributed to each seeding pipe 604 under the action of the distributor 603, and then enters the seed guide pipe through the seed transmission pipe, and finally falls into the grass seed ditch.

The leguminous grass seeding device 7 includes a leguminous grass seeding box 701, an air-suction leguminous grass seeding device 702, a leguminous seed guide pipe 703, an air distribution disc 704, an air-suction connecting pipe 705, and a fan II 706 , air distribution pipe 707; the leguminous grass seed box 701 is installed at the rear and upper part of the frame, and the horizontal position is between the soil covering plate 501 and the suppression wheel 506. There are 6 seed supply ports directly below the seed box 701, which are respectively connected to the air suction type. Leguminous grass seed metering device 702; the seed inlet of the air-suction leguminous grass seed metering device 702 is connected to the seed supply port of the seed box 701, and the legume seed guide tube 703 of the air-suction leguminous grass seed metering device is located at Between the soil covering plate and the suppression wheel; the air suction port of the fan II 706 is connected to the air distribution disc 704 through an air suction connecting pipe. There are an average of 6 air suction ports on the side of the air distribution disc 704, and 6 air suction ports are arranged on the side of the air distribution disc 704. The ports are respectively connected to 6 air distribution pipes, and the 6 air distribution pipes are respectively connected to air-suction legume seed metering devices. The air distribution disc 704 is used to evenly distribute the air flow of each air-suction type seed metering device, so that each row of air-suction seed metering devices The air flow inside the seed device is consistent to improve the consistency of leguminous forage seed sowing in each row.

As shown in Figure 3, the air-blown distributor mainly includes a distributor shell, a distribution head, and a seeding (air) pipe. The airflow carries the seeds from the seeding (air) pipe to the distribution head. Due to the collision of grass seeds, the The coefficient is small and the fluidity is poor. The double-concave arc-shaped distribution head can play a buffering role so that most seeds can slide around along the arc surface, and can guide the air flow, so that the grass seeds can be evenly distributed to each branch. Inside the tube, the seeding effect of grass seeds is improved.

As shown in Figure 4, the scarifying disk first opens a loose soil area of 4 to 6 cm wide and 6 to 8 cm deep, and then the double disc trencher opens a seed strip with a depth of about 5 cm in the loose soil area. The air-blown seed metering device discharges the grass seeds into the seed ditch, and then the soil covering board is used to cover the soil. The soil covering depth is 2~3 cm, and then the air-suction seed metering device discharges the leguminous grass seeds into the ditch. After covering the seed ditch with soil, the seed ditch is finally flattened by a pressing wheel.

A pneumatic soybean, grass and forage side-by-side layered mixed sowing method, which uses the pneumatic soybean, grass and forage side-by-side layered mixed sowing method device of the present invention, and includes the following steps:

Step 1: Determine the type and proportion of mixed sowing of soybean, grass and pasture, adjust and check the horizontal height difference of the double disc opener (302), soil covering plate (501) and suppression wheel (506) to complete the preparation work;

Step 2: Start fan I (607) and fan II (706), and check whether the air tightness of the connection of each air flow pipe is good. After the air flow from the seed guide pipe is stably discharged, start and control the speed of the motor (605). Carry out grass seed arrangement;

Step 3: When seeds are about to be discharged from the grass seed guide pipe (304), start the power device to drive the frame to move forward, and drive the seed supply wheel in the grass seed box (601) to rotate, and the double disk opener (302) Opens a trench of about 5cm for gramineous grass; if the field land is uneven, the parallelogram connecting rod (301) of the double-disc trencher (302) has a profiling function to ensure the depth of the trench. consistent; consistent;

Step 4: After the grass seeds fall into the seed trench, the soil covering boards (501) behind them cover the seeds with part of the soil on both sides, and the soil covering depth is 3~4 cm;

Step 5: After the soil covering is completed, the leguminous grass seeds are discharged into the shallow seed ditch after the soil covering through the air-suction leguminous grass seed metering device (702), and then suppressed to complete the mixed sowing operation of leguminous grass and grass.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these Modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A pneumatic bean grass and pasture grass same-row layered mixed sowing device is characterized in that: the device is provided with a soil loosening disc (8), a gramineous pasture seed metering device (6), a earthing compacting component (5) and a leguminous pasture seed metering device (7) on a frame (1) from front to back in sequence, a ditching component (3) is arranged below the gramineous pasture seed metering device (6), a depth limiting wheel (4) is arranged below the gramineous pasture seed metering device (6), the earthing compacting component (5) has a profiling function, and the soil loosening disc (8) is used for scratching turf and loosening hard soil; the earthing compacting assembly (5) comprises an earthing plate (501), an earthing plate connecting rod (502), a spring (503), a horizontal connecting rod (504), a compacting wheel connecting rod (505) and a compacting wheel (506), wherein the horizontal connecting rod (504) is fixedly connected with the frame, the earthing plate (501) is connected to one end of the earthing plate connecting rod (502), the other end of the earthing plate connecting rod (502) is connected with the horizontal connecting rod (504) through the spring (503), the upper part of the earthing plate connecting rod (502) is hinged with the horizontal connecting rod (504), and the compacting wheel (506) is connected with the horizontal connecting rod (504) through the compacting wheel connecting rod (505); the soil covering plate (501) can cover soil on seeds sowed by the gramineous pasture seed sowing device (6) so as to cover the seed furrows partially; seeds of the leguminous forage grass seed metering device (7) are sowed into shallow seed ditches after soil covering, and the pressing wheel (506) can be used for soil covering and pressing of seeds sowed by the leguminous forage grass seed metering device (7) so as to realize the same-row mixed sowing operation.

2. A pneumatic bean grass forage grass same-row layered mixed sowing device as in claim 1, wherein: gramineous pasture seed metering device (6) include gramineous pasture seed tank (601), venturi seed delivery pipe (602), air-blowing formula distributor (603), divide seed pipe (604), motor (605), seed delivery pipe (611), seed delivery return bend (606) and fan I (607), gramineous pasture seed tank (601) set up two, are connected with controlling two motor (605) respectively, and motor drive gramineous pasture seed tank (601) inside supplies kind of rotation, supply gramineous pasture seed into venturi seed delivery pipe (602), venturi seed delivery pipe (602) one horizontal end is connected with fan I (607) air outlet, and another horizontal end is connected with seed delivery return bend (606), and vertical end is connected with the supply kind of pipe of gramineous pasture seed tank (601), fan I (607) blow in air-blowing formula distributor (603) with gramineous seed, air-blowing formula distributor (607) set up 6 branch seed mouths, connect 6 branch seed pipes (604) respectively, and each kind of seed delivery pipe (604) fall into seed pipe (603) through two (611) and are connected with the seed delivery pipe (603) through two kinds of seed delivery pipes (611) respectively, so that the seed delivery pipe (304) fall into the effect of the grass delivery pipe (304) at the disc type of the seed delivery pipe (603) and are connected with the seed delivery pipe.

3. A pneumatic bean grass forage grass same-row layered mixed sowing device as in claim 2, wherein: the leguminous forage grass seed metering device (7) comprises a leguminous forage grass seed box (701), an air suction type leguminous forage grass seed metering device (702), a leguminous forage grass seed guide pipe (703), an air distribution disc (704), an air suction type connecting pipe (705), a fan II (706) and an air distribution pipe (707), wherein the leguminous forage grass seed box (701) is arranged at the rear upper part of the frame, the horizontal position of the leguminous forage grass seed box is positioned between the earth covering plate (501) and the pressing wheel (506), 6 seed supply ports are respectively arranged under the leguminous forage grass seed box (701) and are respectively connected with the air suction type leguminous forage grass seed metering device (702), the seed supply ports of the air suction type leguminous forage grass seed metering device (702) are connected with the seed supply ports of the leguminous forage grass seed box (701), the air suction ports of the fan II (706) are connected with the air distribution disc (707) through the air suction type connecting pipe (705), 6 air suction ports are respectively arranged on the side surface of the air distribution disc (704), 6 air distribution pipes (707) are respectively connected with 6 air distribution pipes (702), the 6 air distribution pipes (707) are respectively connected with the air suction type forage grass seed metering device (702), and the air flow of each of the leguminous forage grass seed metering device (702) is uniformly, and the air flow of each air flow is uniformly distributed.

4. A pneumatic bean grass forage grass same-row layered mixed sowing device as in claim 3, wherein: the ditching subassembly (3) include double-disc furrow opener (302), profile modeling spring (303), parallelogram connecting rod (301) and Gramineae seed guide pipe (304), and double-disc furrow opener (302) are connected in the frame through parallelogram connecting rod (301), and the upper end and the frame of profile modeling spring (303) are connected, and the lower extreme is connected with parallelogram connecting rod (301), and the lower extreme setting of Gramineae seed guide pipe (304) is inside double-disc furrow opener (302), and ditching subassembly (3) have profile modeling function, guarantee to broadcast dark uniformity.

5. A pneumatic type bean grass forage grass same-row layered mixed sowing device as in claim 4, wherein: the air-blowing type distributor (603) comprises a distributor shell (608), double-concave arc type distribution heads (610) and a seed inlet pipe (609), 6 distribution openings are evenly distributed on the side face of the distributor shell (608), 6 distribution openings are respectively connected with 6 distribution pipes, the double-concave arc type distribution heads (610) are arranged at the upper portion in the distributor shell (608), and the lower end of the distributor shell (608) is connected with a seed conveying bent pipe (606) through the seed inlet pipe (609).

6. A pneumatic type bean grass pasture grass same-row layered mixed sowing method is characterized in that: the mixed sowing method is based on the pneumatic bean grass pasture grass same-row layered mixed sowing device of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:

step one, determining the mixed sowing type and the mixed sowing proportion of bean grass, and adjusting and checking the level difference of the double-disc furrow opener (302), the soil covering plate (501) and the pressing wheel (506) to finish the preparation work;

step two, a fan I (607) and a fan II (706) are started, whether the air tightness of the joint of the air flow pipe orifices is good or not is checked, and after the air flow of the seed guiding pipe orifice is stably discharged, the rotating speed of a motor (605) is started and controlled to carry out the seed discharging of gramineous pasture seeds;

starting a power device to drive a frame to move forwards when seeds are about to be discharged from a gramineous seed guide pipe (304) and driving a seed supply wheel in a gramineous grazing seed box (601) to rotate, firstly opening a soil loosening area with the width of 4-6 cm and the depth of 6-8 cm by a soil loosening disc (8), and then opening a gramineous grazing seed ditch with the depth of about 5cm in the soil loosening area by a double-disc furrow opener (302); if the field land is uneven, the parallelogram connecting rod (301) of the double-disc furrow opener (302) has a profiling function so as to ensure that the furrow depths are consistent;

step four, after gramineous pasture seeds fall into a seed ditch, covering the seeds with partial soil on two sides by a soil covering plate (501) at the rear, wherein the soil covering depth is 3-4 cm;

and fifthly, after the earthing is completed, the leguminous forage seeds are discharged into shallow seed ditches after the earthing through an air suction leguminous forage seed sowing device (702), and then compacting is carried out, so that the bean and grass forage co-row mixed sowing operation is completed.