CN116682993A

CN116682993A - Method and device for testing fuel cell, computer equipment and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN116682993A
Application number: CN202310602480.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 白云锋; 崔新然; 米新艳; 包宁; 王茁; 郭英伦; 孟凡佳; 刘江唯
Original assignee: FAW Jiefang Automotive Co Ltd
Current assignee: FAW Jiefang Automotive Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-26
Filing date: 2023-05-26
Publication date: 2023-09-01

Abstract

The present application relates to a method, an apparatus, a computer device, a computer-readable storage medium and a computer program product for testing a fuel cell. The method includes dividing a fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models of equal size. And determining the first current density, the first working voltage and the outlet environment parameters of the first sub-model according to the preset initial environment parameters, the preset initial current density, the environment parameter model and the electric parameter model. And determining the target current density, the target working voltage and the outlet environment parameters of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameters, the first current density, the first working voltage, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model of the previous sub-model. Test data of the fuel cell to be tested is determined. Test data of different positions inside the fuel cell are obtained, so that the design of the fuel cell is optimized later, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

Description

Method and device for testing fuel cell, computer equipment and storage medium

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of electrochemical technology, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, computer device, computer readable storage medium, and computer program product for testing a fuel cell.

Background

With the development of energy technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the global energy system is rapidly transformed to a green low-carbon direction. Fuel cells are an electrochemical device that can convert chemical energy in reactants into electrical energy and are widely recognized as likely alternatives to conventional power sources in the future. The fuel cell has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection, and is an excellent clean energy source. In order to ensure the performance and reliability of the fuel cell and to facilitate the determination of the optimal direction of the fuel cell by the developer, it is necessary to test the fuel cell.

In the conventional technology, in order to improve the test efficiency of the fuel cell and reduce the test cost, the performance of the fuel cell is generally tested by adopting a model simulation mode.

However, the test method of the conventional technology cannot obtain test data of different positions inside the fuel cell.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a method, an apparatus, a computer device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product for testing a fuel cell that can obtain test data at different locations inside the fuel cell.

A method of testing a fuel cell, comprising: dividing a fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the direction of a flow channel; acquiring an environment parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, wherein the environment parameter model is used for representing the relation between an inlet environment parameter and an outlet environment parameter of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used for representing the relation among the current density, the working voltage and the inlet environment parameter of the sub-model; determining a first current density and a first working voltage of a first sub-model and an outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to a preset initial environment parameter, a preset initial current density, the environment parameter model and the electric parameter model, wherein the first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of a flow channel in a plurality of sub-models; determining a target current density, a target working voltage and an outlet environment parameter of a current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first current density, the first working voltage, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model of the previous sub-model, wherein the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current densities and the first current density, which are respectively corresponding to each sub-model, is smaller than a first threshold value, and the absolute value of the difference value between the target working voltage and the first working voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold value; and determining the test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to the sub-models.

In one embodiment, the determining the first current density and the first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model according to the preset initial environmental parameter, the preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model and the electrical parameter model includes: taking the initial environment parameter as an inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, and taking the initial current density as a first current density of the first sub-model; determining an outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the environment parameter model; and determining a first working voltage of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the electric parameter model.

In one embodiment, the determining the target current density, the target operating voltage and the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model and the environment parameter model of the previous sub-model includes: determining a target current density and a target working voltage of a current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model, the first working voltage and the electric parameter model; and determining the outlet environment parameters of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model and the environment parameter model.

In one embodiment, the determining the target current density and the target operating voltage of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first operating voltage and the electrical parameter model of the previous sub-model includes: taking the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model as the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model; substituting the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model and the first working voltage into the electrical parameter model to determine a second current density of the current sub-model; determining an average current density according to the second current density of each sub-model; adjusting the second current density of each sub-model until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is smaller than a first threshold value and the absolute value of the difference between the second working voltage of the current sub-model and the first working voltage determined according to the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model and the electrical parameter model is smaller than a second threshold value under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is larger than or equal to the first threshold value; and taking the second current density and the second working voltage of the current sub-model as the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model.

In one embodiment, the determining the test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model includes: determining the environmental parameter distribution condition of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the positions of the sub-models along the direction of the flow channel; determining an equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model; and determining the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

In one embodiment, the environmental parameter model includes: the anode pressure drop model is used for determining the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the outlet of the anode flow channel of the sub-model according to the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the inlet of the anode flow channel of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model; the anode pressure drop model is used for determining the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the outlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel according to the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the inlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel and the current density of the submodel; the heat model is used for determining the temperature at the outlet of the flow channel of the sub-model according to the physical parameters of the sub-model, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel and the current density of the sub-model; the proton water transmission model is used for determining the proton membrane impedance of the submodel according to the humidity of the proton exchange membrane of the submodel, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel and the current density of the submodel; the electric parameter model is used for determining the working voltage of the sub-model according to the current density of the sub-model, the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model, the physical parameters of the sub-model, and the pressure, humidity, temperature and concentration of the gas at the inlet of the flow channel of the sub-model.

A fuel cell testing apparatus comprising:

the model dividing module is used for dividing the fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the flow channel direction;

a model determination module for determining an environmental parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, wherein the environmental parameter model is used for representing a relationship between an inlet environmental parameter and an outlet environmental parameter of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used for representing a relationship between a current density, an operating voltage and an inlet environmental parameter of the sub-model;

the first parameter determining module is used for determining a first current density and a first working voltage of a first sub-model and an outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to a preset initial environment parameter, a preset initial current density, the environment parameter model and the electric parameter model, wherein the first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel in the plurality of sub-models;

the second parameter determining module is used for determining the target current density, the target working voltage and the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first current density, the first working voltage, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model of the previous sub-model, wherein the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current densities and the first current density, which are respectively corresponding to each sub-model, is smaller than a first threshold value, and the absolute value of the difference value between the target working voltage and the first working voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold value;

And the data determining module is used for determining the test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to the sub-models.

A computer device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the aforementioned method of testing a fuel cell when executing the computer program.

A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the aforementioned fuel cell testing method.

A computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method of testing a fuel cell.

The above-described fuel cell testing method, apparatus, computer device, computer readable storage medium, and computer program product. The testing method comprises the steps of firstly dividing the fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the flow channel direction, so that the parameters of each sub-model can be conveniently obtained through subsequent testing, and further, the internal parameter distribution condition of the whole fuel cell can be determined. And then acquiring an environmental parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, so that the environmental parameter and the electrical parameter of each sub-model can be conveniently and respectively determined based on the environmental parameter model and the electrical parameter model. And then determining the first current density and the first working voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to the preset initial environment parameter, the preset initial current density, the environment parameter model and the electric parameter model, so as to obtain the electric parameter of the first sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel and the outlet environment parameter thereof in the plurality of sub-models, continuously calculating the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model serving as the inlet environment parameter of the next sub-model, determining the target current density, the target working voltage and the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first electric parameter, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model of the last sub-model, and repeating the steps to obtain the target current density and the target working voltage of each sub-model, wherein the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current density and the first current density of each sub-model is smaller than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference value between the target working voltage and the first working voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold, so as to ensure the consistency of the electric parameters of each sub-model and ensure the overall performance of the fuel cell. And then determining the overall test data of the fuel cell according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to the sub-models. The environment parameters, the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model are obtained, so that the environment parameters, the target current density and the target working voltage of each node in the fuel cell are obtained through testing, the distribution condition, the current density distribution condition and the voltage distribution condition of the environment parameters in the fuel cell can be represented, the testing data of different positions in the fuel cell are obtained, the design of the fuel cell is optimized in the follow-up process, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments or the conventional techniques of the present application, the drawings required for the descriptions of the embodiments or the conventional techniques will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of testing a fuel cell in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation model of a fuel cell in one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method of determining parameters of a first sub-model in one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of determining parameters of a current sub-model in one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method of determining electrical parameters of a current sub-model in one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of determining fuel cell test data in one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a current density profile in one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a graph of temperature profile in one embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a graph of water content distribution at various nodes of a proton membrane in one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a graph of oxygen concentration distribution at various nodes in a flow path according to one embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a test device for a fuel cell in one embodiment;

fig. 12 is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment.

Detailed Description

In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Embodiments of the application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

It will be understood that the terms first, second, etc. as used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. Further, "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", and the like if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between objects to be connected.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," and/or the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a method of testing a fuel cell, the method comprising:

step S100, dividing the fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the flow channel direction.

The fuel cell generally comprises a plurality of flow channels with consistent size and shape, a simulation model of the fuel cell to be tested is built based on one flow channel of the fuel cell, each sub-model comprises all membrane layer structures of the fuel cell, and the flow channel lengths of the sub-models are identical. Model building is based on the following hypothetical conditions: (1) the potentials at the nodes within a single submodel are the same. (2)

The fluid flow process in the flow channel is steady. (3) It is assumed that the water in the flow channels is in gaseous form, irrespective of the liquid water. (4) The temperature in the flow channel is uniformly distributed, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is consistent with that of the gas in the flow channel. (5) Because the proton membrane, the catalytic layer and the diffusion layer have smaller thickness, the material transmission in the in-plane direction is ignored. (6) And the heat convection between the electric pile and the external environment is not considered, and the waste heat generated by the electric pile is taken away by the cooling liquid.

The flow channel direction is the direction from the gas inflow flow channel to the gas outflow flow channel.

As shown in fig. 2, the simulation model of the fuel cell may include an anode flow channel, an anode catalyst layer (anode GDL), a proton membrane (CCM), a cathode catalyst layer (cathode GDL), and a cathode flow channel, and the substrate parameters of the fuel cell may be: the depth of the flow channel of the cathode and the anode is 0.5mm, the width of the flow channel is 0.6mm, and the characteristic length of the flow channel is 350mm.

Step S110, an environmental parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell are acquired.

The environment parameter model is used for representing the relation between the inlet environment parameter and the outlet environment parameter of the sub-model, and the electric parameter model is used for representing the relation among the current density, the working voltage and the inlet environment parameter of the sub-model.

The environmental parameters may include, among others, pressure, concentration of the gas, ambient humidity, ambient temperature, etc. The electrical parameters may include current, voltage, etc.

Step S120, determining a first current density and a first working voltage of the first sub-model and an outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to a preset initial environment parameter, a preset initial current density, an environment parameter model and an electrical parameter model.

Wherein the first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel in the plurality of sub-models. The first sub-model is a first inflow sub-model of gas, the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model can be a preset initial environment parameter, the current density of the first sub-model can be a preset initial current density, and then the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model can be calculated based on the preset initial environment parameter, the preset initial current density and the environment parameter model. Because each sub-model is adjacent, the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model is the inlet environment parameter of the next sub-model, thereby obtaining the inlet environment parameter of the next sub-model and being convenient for calculating the outlet environment parameter of the next sub-model. The first working voltage of the first sub-model can be calculated based on a preset initial environmental parameter, a preset initial current density and an electric parameter model. The first working voltage is calculated on the basis of the preset initial environment parameter and the preset initial current density, so that the first working voltage can be used as the standard electrical parameter of the fuel cell, and the first working voltage is used as a reference for adjusting the parameters of each sub-model.

By way of example, the initial current density of the first sub-model may be set to 2A/cm2, the inlet absolute pressures of the cathode and anode are 2.4 and 2.5 atmospheres, respectively, the inlet stoichiometric ratio of the cathode and anode is 2.0, the inlet humidity of the cathode and anode is 60% and 90%, respectively, the inlet temperature of the coolant is 60 ℃, and the gas temperature is assumed to be the same as the coolant temperature.

Step S130, determining the target electrical parameter of the current sub-model and the outlet environmental parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environmental parameter, the first current density, the first working voltage, the electrical parameter model and the environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model.

The absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current density and the first current density corresponding to each sub-model is smaller than a first threshold value, and the absolute value of the difference value between the target working voltage and the first working voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold value. The first working voltage is calculated on the basis of a preset initial environment parameter and a preset initial current density, so that the first working voltage can be used as a standard electrical parameter of the fuel cell, the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model needs to be designed by taking the first working voltage as a standard, the target working voltage is required to be kept consistent with the first working voltage, and the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current density of each sub-model and the first current density is smaller than a first threshold value, so that the overall consistency of the fuel cell is ensured. Therefore, when determining the target operating voltage of the current sub-model, calculation is required under the constraint that the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage is smaller than the second threshold.

Specifically, since each sub-model is divided adjacently, the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model is the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model. And the first operating voltage is the design target of the current sub-model, so it is substituted into the calculation as a constraint. And then determining the target working voltage of the current sub-model based on the inlet environment parameter, the target working current and the electric parameter model of the current sub-model, and determining the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model based on the inlet environment parameter, the first working voltage, the target working current and the environment parameter model of the current sub-model.

Step S140, determining test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to the sub-models.

Specifically, after the outlet environment parameter corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model are determined based on the steps, the environment parameters, the target current density and the target working voltage in a plurality of unit length intervals inside the fuel cell are respectively obtained, so that the environment parameters of different positions inside the fuel cell are obtained, the environment distribution condition of the fuel cell during operation is conveniently determined, whether the fuel cell has design defects, such as the conditions of too low local humidity, too low local gas concentration and the like, can be determined, the fuel cell is conveniently optimally designed, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved. Similarly, it is also possible to determine whether the current density and the operating voltage inside the fuel cell are uniform, and the same can be used as the optimum design direction of the fuel cell. And the comprehensive data in the fuel cell is obtained, so that the fuel cell is favorably optimally designed.

In this embodiment, the fuel cell to be tested is first divided into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the flow channel direction, so that the parameters of each sub-model can be obtained through subsequent testing, and then the parameter distribution condition inside the whole fuel cell can be determined. And then acquiring an environmental parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, so that the environmental parameter and the electrical parameter of each sub-model can be conveniently and respectively determined based on the environmental parameter model and the electrical parameter model. And then determining the first current density and the first working voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to the preset initial environment parameter, the preset initial current density, the environment parameter model and the electric parameter model, so as to obtain the electric parameter of the first sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel and the outlet environment parameter thereof in the plurality of sub-models, continuously calculating the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model serving as the inlet environment parameter of the next sub-model, determining the target current density, the target working voltage and the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first electric parameter, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model of the last sub-model, and repeating the steps to obtain the target current density and the target working voltage of each sub-model, wherein the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current density and the first current density of each sub-model is smaller than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference value between the target working voltage and the first working voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold, so as to ensure the consistency of the electric parameters of each sub-model and ensure the overall performance of the fuel cell. And then determining the overall test data of the fuel cell according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to the sub-models. The environment parameters, the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model are obtained, so that the environment parameters, the target current density and the target working voltage of each node in the fuel cell are obtained through testing, the distribution condition, the current density distribution condition and the voltage distribution condition of the environment parameters in the fuel cell can be represented, the testing data of different positions in the fuel cell are obtained, the design of the fuel cell is optimized in the follow-up process, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, step S120 determines a first current density and a first operating voltage of the first sub-model and an outlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model according to a preset initial environmental parameter, a preset initial current density, an environmental parameter model, and an electrical parameter model. Comprising the following steps:

step S300, taking the initial environment parameter as the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, and taking the initial current density as the first current density of the first sub-model.

Specifically, the first sub-model is a sub-model into which the gas flows first, the inlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model may be a preset initial environmental parameter, and the first current density of the first sub-model may be a preset initial current density. The initial environmental parameters and the initial current density can be design values given by a designer according to actual needs.

Step S310, determining the outlet environment parameters of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the environment parameter model.

Specifically, the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model and the first current density of the first sub-model are substituted into the environment parameter model, so that the outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model can be obtained.

Illustratively, the environmental parameters may include pressure, concentration of gas, temperature of the flow channel, humidity, etc., and the environmental parameter model may include: an anode pressure drop model, a heat model and a proton water transmission model. The method comprises the following steps:

and the anode pressure drop model is used for determining the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the outlet of the anode flow channel of the submodel according to the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the inlet of the anode flow channel of the submodel and the current density of the submodel.

The anode inlet gas composition consists essentially of: the gas pressure, concentration and humidity in the anode flow channel are the environmental parameters input by the anode pressure drop model, and the gas pressure, concentration and humidity values at the outlet of the sub-model flow channel are obtained through the total pressure drop calculation and the law of conservation of gas component mass.

The mass flow of hydrogen at the inlet of the anode flow channel is calculated by the following formula:

wherein alpha is the hydrogen excess coefficient of the anode, I is the current density of the submodel, n is the unit mole hydrogen charge quantity, F is Faraday constant, M _h2 Is the molar mass of hydrogen.

The amount of hydrogen consumed by the electrochemical reaction is calculated by faraday's law as follows:

Wherein W is _h2,react For the amount of hydrogen consumed by the electrochemical reaction, M _h2 The molar mass of hydrogen is the current density of the submodel, n is the charge of hydrogen per unit mole, and F is Faraday constant.

According to the law of conservation of mass, the flow change of hydrogen and water vapor in the anode flow channel of the submodel is calculated by the following formula:

wherein,,for hydrogen flow rate change->For the flow rate change of water vapor, W _h2,in For hydrogen gas, W flowing into anode flow channel _h2,out Hydrogen and W flowing out of the anode flow channel _h2.react For the mass of hydrogen consumed by electrochemical reactions, W _v,in For water vapor, W flowing into anode flow channel _v,out Water vapor and W flowing out of the anode flow passage _v,mem The mass of water vapor diffused into the proton membrane for the anode flow channel.

The pressure drop of the anode channels is approximated by an equation for the incompressible flow in the channels, as follows:

wherein,,for the pressure drop of the anode flow channel, f _D Is the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the anode flow channel, ρ is the equivalent density of anode mixed gas, v is the flow velocity of mixed gas, D _h Is the hydraulic diameter of the section of the anode flow channel.

With reference to the formula, the total anode pressure at the outlet of the anode flow passage of the sub-model can be calculated based on the pressure drop in the anode flow passage of the sub-model, and parameters such as the concentration and humidity of the anode gas component at the outlet of the anode flow passage of the sub-model can be calculated by combining with an anode gas component mass conservation equation.

And the anode pressure drop model is used for determining the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the outlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel according to the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the inlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel and the current density of the submodel.

The cathode runner inlet gas composition of the submodel mainly comprises: and obtaining the gas pressure, concentration and humidity values at the outlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel through total pressure drop calculation and a principle of conservation of gas component mass.

The mass flow of oxygen at the inlet of the cathode flow channel is calculated by the following formula:

wherein alpha is ₁ Is the oxygen excess coefficient of cathode, I ₁ Is the current density of a cathode runner, n is the charge quantity of oxygen per mole, F is Faraday constant, M _o2 Is the molar mass of oxygen.

The amount of oxygen consumed by the electrochemical reaction is calculated by faraday's law as follows:

wherein W is _o2,react For the amount of oxygen consumed by the electrochemical reaction, M _o2 Is the molar mass of oxygen, I ₁ The current density of the cathode flow channel is submodel, n is the unit mole hydrogen charge quantity, and F is Faraday constant.

According to the law of conservation of mass, the flow change of oxygen and water vapor in the cathode flow channel of the submodel is calculated by the following formula:

Wherein,,for, oxygen flow rate is varied, +.>For variation of water vapour flow, W _o2,in Is hydrogen and W flowing into the cathode flow channel _o2,out Hydrogen flowing out of the cathode flow channel, W _o2.react For the reaction of the consumed hydrogen mass, W _v,in Is water vapor and W flowing into the cathode flow channel _v,out Water vapor flowing out of the cathode flow passage, W _v,mem Water vapor diffused into proton membrane for cathode runner, W _v,gen The mass of the water vapor generated by the reaction.

The pressure drop of the cathode flow channels is approximated by an equation for the incompressible flow in the flow channels, as follows:

wherein,,for the pressure drop of the cathode flow channel,/->Is the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the cathode flow channel, ρ ₁ Is the equivalent density of the cathode mixed gas, v ₁ For the flow rate of the cathode mixed gas, D _h1 Is the hydraulic diameter of the section of the cathode flow channel.

With reference to the formula, the total cathode pressure at the outlet of the submodel cathode flow channel can be calculated based on the pressure drop in the submodel cathode flow channel, and the parameters such as the concentration and humidity of the cathode gas component at the outlet of the submodel cathode flow channel can be calculated by combining with the conservation equation of the cathode gas component mass.

And the heat model is used for determining the temperature at the outlet of the flow channel of the submodel according to the physical parameters of the submodel, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel and the current density of the submodel.

In the working process of the fuel cell, a large amount of heat can be generated, and good heat management can provide a comfortable working environment for the fuel cell, so that the output performance and the service life of the fuel cell are improved. It is assumed that the runner gas temperature is equal to the coolant temperature.

The calculation formula of the heat generated by the fuel cell is as follows:

Q _generate ＝i*(v _theory -v _cell )

wherein Q is _generate V for the heat generated by the fuel cell _theory For the theoretical voltage sum v of the fuel cell _cell I is the fuel cell current density, which is the actual operating voltage of the fuel cell.

The heat quantity taken away by the cooling liquid has the following calculation formula:

Q _cool ＝(c·m·(T _out -T _in ))

wherein Q is _cool For the heat taken away by the cooling liquid, c is the heat capacity of the cooling liquid, m is the mass of the cooling liquid and T is the heat capacity of the cooling liquid _out For submodel runner outlet temperature and T _in Is the inlet temperature of the sub-model runner.

Since the electrochemical reaction of the cell stack is mainly completed in the catalytic layer of the cathode, it is assumed that heat is generated in the cathode catalytic layer, and the total heat dissipation capacity of the cell stack is the sum of the heat transfer capacity of the cathode catalytic layer to the anode coolant and the heat transfer capacity to the cathode coolant, respectively. The heat transfer equation between the stack and the proton membrane, anode catalytic layer and cathode diffusion layer is:

in which Q _ca K is the heat conducted by the galvanic pile to the cathode diffusion layer _{ca_gdl} Is the heat conductivity coefficient delta of the cathode diffusion layer _{ca_gdl} Thickness of cathode diffusion layer, T _{ca_gdl_cl} T is the cathode diffusion layer temperature _cool For the temperature of the cooling liquid, Q _an Heat conducted to anode catalyst layer for galvanic pile, k _{an_cl} For the heat conductivity coefficient, delta, of the anode catalytic layer _{an_cl} Thickness of anode catalytic layer, T _{an_cl_mem} For anode catalytic layer temperature, k _{an_gdl} For the thermal conductivity of the anode diffusion layer, delta _{an_gdl} For anode diffusion layer thickness, T _{an_mem_gdl} Is the anode diffusion layer temperature.

The heat model is a steady-state model, so that the heat generated by the operation of the electric pile is equal to the sum of the heat transfer quantity of the catalytic layer to the anode flow channel and the heat transfer quantity of the cathode flow channel and is equal to the total heat taken away by the cooling liquid, and the calculation formula of the heat generated by the fuel cell is as follows:

Q _generate ＝Q _cool ＝Q _ab +Q _ca

wherein Q is _generate Q is the heat generated by the fuel cell _ca Heat conducted to the cathode diffusion layer for the stack, Q _an Heat conducted to anode catalyst layer for galvanic pile, Q _cool Heat taken away by the cooling liquid.

From the above equation, the temperature values at the interfaces inside the fuel cell stack can be calculated. I.e. the temperature at the outlet of each sub-model can be calculated.

And the proton water transmission model is used for determining the proton membrane impedance of the submodel according to the humidity of the proton exchange membrane of the submodel, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel and the current density of the submodel.

An appropriate amount of water is necessary to increase the conductivity of the proton exchange membrane. Too low a flow channel humidity can lead to the reduction of the water content of the proton membrane, increase proton transmission resistance and ohmic loss, and too much water can block the pores of the catalytic layer, so that reactants are difficult to reach the reaction sites of the catalytic layer, increase the transmission resistance and increase mass transfer loss.

The proton water transmission model considers the phenomenon of water transmission in a proton membrane, and the water transmission in a fuel cell is mainly divided into two parts: the electrochemical dragging action of the anode to the cathode and the concentration gradient diffusion of the cathode to the anode establish a proton water transmission model based on the water transmission principle. The relative humidity and working temperature of the anode and cathode sides of the proton exchange membrane are used as input, and the water content of the proton membrane and the transmission quantity of transmembrane water are used as output.

The electrochemical drag amount of water is calculated as follows:

wherein J is _elec For the electrochemical drag of water, n _d The electroosmotic drag coefficient of water, I is the submodel current density, and F is the faraday constant.

The water concentration gradient diffusion amount calculation formula is as follows:

J _c ＝D _w ·(C _an -C _ca )/δ _mem

wherein J is _c D is the concentration gradient diffusion quantity of water _w Is the diffusion coefficient of water in the proton membrane, C _an For the concentration of water vapor at the anode, C _ca For cathode water vapor concentration, delta _mem Is proton film thickness.

The total amount of water transported across the membrane is given by:

J _h2o ＝J _elec +J _c

wherein J is _elec For the electrochemical drag of water, J _c Is the concentration gradient diffusion quantity of water.

The change of the molar quantity of the cathode and anode water vapor can be obtained by calculating the total transmembrane transport quantity of the cathode and anode water, so that the volume fraction and the gas partial pressure of the cathode and anode water vapor are calculated, and the relative humidity of the cathode and anode is calculated according to the gas partial pressure of the cathode and anode water vapor, wherein the formula is as follows:

a _i ＝P _i /P _sat

wherein a is _i P is the relative humidity of the cathode and anode _i For partial pressure of water vapor of cathode and anode, P _sat Is saturated vapor pressure.

The conditions that the water content of the two sides of the anode and cathode of the proton membrane needs to be satisfied are as follows:

wherein a is _i Indicating the relative humidity of the anode and cathode sides of the proton membrane.

Based on the proton membrane water content lambda and the proton membrane temperature T, the proton conductivity of the proton membrane can be calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

wherein sigma is proton conductivity of the proton membrane, lambda is water content of the proton membrane, and T is temperature of the proton membrane.

Based on the proton conductivity obtained by the calculation, the ohmic impedance of the proton membrane can be calculated, and the calculation method is as follows:

wherein R is _mem Is the ohmic resistance of the proton membrane, sigma is the proton conductivity of the proton membrane, delta _mem Is the thickness of the proton membrane.

Illustratively, the sub-model outlet environment parameters may be calculated by the following formula:

wherein I is the initial current density, n is the unit mole hydrogen charge, F is Faraday constant, q _in For the sub-model inlet gas quantity, stonh is the mixed gas molar mass, q _out For the sub-model outlet gas quantity, i ₁ Flow channel current density, P, of submodel _out For sub-model outlet pressure, f _D Is the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the flow channel of the submodel, and ρ is the mixtureEquivalent density of the gas, v is the flow rate of the mixed gas, D _h The hydraulic diameter of the section of the submodel runner is the length of the submodel runner.

Step S320, determining the first operating voltage of the first sub-model according to the inlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model, the current density of the first sub-model, and the electrical parameter model.

Specifically, the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model and the current density of the first sub-model are substituted into the electric parameter model, so that the first working voltage of the first sub-model can be obtained.

The electrical parameter model is used for determining the working voltage of the sub-model according to the current density of the sub-model, the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model, the physical parameters of the sub-model, the pressure, humidity, temperature and concentration of the gas at the inlet of the flow channel of the sub-model.

The actual open circuit potential of the fuel cell is significantly lower than the theoretical potential, for example, for a hydrogen/air fuel cell, the open circuit voltage will typically be lower than 1V. This indicates that there is a certain voltage loss inside the fuel cell even in the absence of external current. In addition, when the battery is connected to a load to generate an external current, unavoidable voltage loss is also generated due to the presence of the internal resistance of the battery. Fuel cells have various types of voltage loss during operation, including mainly active polarization, ohmic loss, and concentration polarization as a whole. Thus, the output voltage of the submodel may be expressed as follows:

V _cell ＝E _rev -η _act -η _ohm -η _con

wherein V is _cell For the output voltage of the submodel, E _rev Theoretical voltage of submodel, eta _act To activate polarization, eta _ohm For ohmic losses, eta _con Is concentration polarization.

The following expression for theoretically balancing the open circuit voltage can be obtained according to the nernst equation:

wherein E is _rev Is the theoretical voltage of the submodel, ΔG (T) is the free energy of hydrogen gibbs, T is the reaction temperature, n is the molar charge of hydrogen, F is Faraday constant, P _h2 For hydrogen partial pressure, P _O2 Is oxygen partial pressure, P ₀ For reference pressure, P _h2o For partial pressure and saturation of water vapour, P _sat Is vapor pressure.

The electrochemical reaction is performed by overcoming the activation energy required for the electrochemical reaction on the surface of the catalytic layer, and the resulting voltage loss is called activation polarization. According to the Butler-Walmer equation, the activation polarization can be expressed as follows:

wherein eta is _act For activation polarization, R is the gas constant, T is the reaction temperature, i is the submodel current density, i ₀ For exchanging current density, alpha, on the anode side or on the cathode side _i The charge transfer coefficient on the anode side or the cathode side, respectively.

Ohmic losses primarily affect the proton transport resistance in the proton exchange membrane and the electron transport resistance of the remaining conductive components. The effect of the contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and the bipolar plate on ohmic losses is also not negligible. The ohm loss in the fuel cell can therefore be expressed as:

η _ohm ＝(R _gdl +R _cl +R _contact +R _mem )·i

wherein eta _ohm For ohmic losses, R _gdl R is the ohmic resistance of the diffusion layer _cl For ohmic resistance of the catalytic layer, R _men Ohmic resistance of proton membrane, R _contact I is the submodel current density, which is the contact resistance between the diffusion layer and the bipolar plate.

Concentration polarization is a phenomenon that electrochemical reaction is limited because reactants required for electrochemical reaction are rapidly consumed on a catalytic layer, and reactants in a bipolar plate runner cannot be timely diffused to the catalytic layer. The voltage concentration polarization loss can be expressed according to the Nernst equation and the Fick's diffusion law as follows:

Wherein eta _con For concentration polarization, i _lim The limiting current density of the fuel cell is represented by R, T, the reaction temperature, n, the molar hydrogen charge, F, the Faraday constant, and i, the current density of the submodel.

In this embodiment, the initial environmental parameter is taken as an inlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model, and the initial current density is taken as a first current density of the first sub-model, so as to obtain an inlet environmental parameter and a first current density of the first sub-model, and then the inlet environmental parameter and the first current density are respectively substituted into the environmental parameter model and the electric parameter model, so that an outlet environmental parameter and a first working voltage of the first sub-model can be obtained.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, step S130 determines the target electrical parameter of the current sub-model and the outlet environmental parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environmental parameter of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model. Comprising the following steps:

step S400, determining the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first working voltage and the electric parameter model of the previous sub-model.

Specifically, since the first working voltage is calculated based on a preset initial environment parameter and a preset initial current density, the first working voltage can be used as a standard electrical parameter of the fuel cell, and the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model is the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model, and the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model and the first working voltage are substituted into the electrical parameter model, so that the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model can be determined. When the electrical parameter model is used to calculate the target current density of the current sub-model, the constraint is that the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold. If the calculated current density of the current sub-model is such that the absolute value of the difference between the working voltage of the current sub-model and the first working voltage is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, the current density of the current sub-model is recalculated until the absolute value of the difference between the working voltage of the current sub-model and the first working voltage is less than the second threshold value. And repeating the steps to obtain the current density and the working voltage of each sub-model, and if the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the current densities of all the sub-models and the first current density is larger than or equal to a first threshold value after the current densities of all the sub-models are calculated, recalculating the current densities of all the sub-models until the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the current densities of all the sub-models and the first current density is smaller than the first threshold value.

Step S410, determining the outlet environment parameters of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model and the environment parameter model.

Specifically, the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model is the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model, and the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model and the target current density of the current sub-model are substituted into the environment parameter model, so that the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model can be obtained. And repeating the steps to obtain the outlet environment parameters of each sub-model.

In this embodiment, the outlet environment parameter and the first working voltage of the previous sub-model are substituted into the electrical parameter model, so that the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model can be determined, and the current density and the working voltage of each sub-model can be obtained by repeating the steps. Substituting the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model and the target current density of the current sub-model into the environment parameter model to obtain the outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model. And repeating the steps to obtain the outlet environment parameters of each sub-model. Thus, the calculation of the target current density, the target working voltage and the outlet environment parameters of each sub-model is realized.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, step S400 determines the target current density and the target operating voltage of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model of the previous sub-model. Comprising the following steps:

step S500, taking the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model as the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model.

Specifically, since each sub-model is divided adjacently, the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model is the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model. The environmental parameters may include pressure, concentration, ambient humidity, ambient temperature, etc. of the gas.

Step S510, substituting the inlet environment parameter and the first working voltage of the current sub-model into the electrical parameter model to determine the second current density of the current sub-model.

Specifically, the inlet environmental parameter and the first working voltage of the current sub-model are substituted into the electric parameter model, for example, parameters such as pressure, concentration, environmental humidity, environmental temperature and the like of gas are substituted into the electric parameter model, then the output voltage of the electric parameter model is set as the first working voltage, and the second current density of the current sub-model is calculated by back-pushing. The current density is the current density required by the current sub-model to enable the working voltage to reach the first working voltage under the current inlet environment parameters. And repeating the step to obtain the second current density of each submodel. May be represented in aggregate, e.g., [ i ] ₁ ：V ₁ ，i ₂ ：V ₂ ，……，i _N-1 ：V _N-1 ，i _N ：V _N ]Wherein i is ₁ A first current density, V, being a first sub-model ₁ A first operating voltage, i, for a first sub-model ₂ A second current density, V, being a second sub-model ₂ For the target operating voltage of the second sub-model, i _N Second current density of Nth submodel, V _N The target operating voltage for the nth sub-model.

Step S520, determining an average current density according to the second current density of each sub-model.

For example, the average current density may be determined by the following formula:

wherein i is _mean I is the average current density _k The current density for the kth submodel, N, is the number of submodels.

In step S530, under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the second current density of each sub-model is adjusted until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is smaller than the first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the second working voltage and the first working voltage of the current sub-model determined according to the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environmental parameter of the current sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is smaller than the second threshold.

Specifically, after calculating the average current density, comparing the average current density with the initial current density, if the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to a first threshold value, repeating the steps to recalculate the average current density of a group of sub-models until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is less than the first threshold value, and in the calculating process, the working voltage of each sub-model is required to meet the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the working voltage and the first working voltage is less than a second threshold value.

Illustratively, the following constraints need to be satisfied:

|V ₁ -Vi|<ε ₂

|i _mean -i ₀ |<ε ₁

wherein V is ₁ At a first operating voltage of V _i For the operating voltage of the ith sub-model, ε ₂ Is a second threshold, i _mean I is the average current density ₀ Epsilon for initial current density ₁ Is a first threshold.

Step S540, the second current density and the second working voltage of the current sub-model are used as the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model.

Specifically, the second current density and the second operating voltage of the current sub-model when the above constraint condition is satisfied are taken as the target current density and the target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

In this embodiment, two constraint conditions of average current density and operating voltage are set, and the current density of each sub-model is adjusted, so that the target current density and the target operating voltage of each sub-model are determined.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, step S140 determines test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model. Comprising the following steps:

and S600, determining the distribution condition of the environmental parameters of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the positions of the sub-models along the direction of the flow channel.

Specifically, after determining the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models, the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models can be characterized as environment parameters at different node positions inside the fuel cell because the positions of the sub-models along the flow channel direction are different. The environmental parameter distribution condition of the fuel cell to be tested can be determined, the environmental distribution condition of the fuel cell during operation can be determined conveniently, whether the fuel cell has design defects, such as too low local humidity, too low local gas concentration and the like, can be determined, and therefore the fuel cell can be designed optimally, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

For example, the environmental parameter distribution of the fuel cell to be tested may include a current density distribution of each node in the flow channel of the fuel cell (see fig. 7), a temperature distribution of each node in the flow channel (the proton membrane temperature is substantially the same as the temperature of the catalytic layer) (see fig. 8), a water content distribution of each node in the proton membrane (see fig. 9), and an oxygen concentration distribution of each node in the flow channel (see fig. 10).

Step S610, determining the equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model.

Specifically, the average value of the target current densities corresponding to the respective sub-models may be used as the equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested.

Step S620, determining an equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target working voltages corresponding to the sub-models.

Specifically, in the case that the constraint condition is satisfied, an average value of the target operating voltages corresponding to the sub-models may be used as an equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested.

The average value of the target operating voltage is calculated by the following formula, for example:

wherein V is the average working voltage, V _k For the target operating voltage of the kth submodel, N is the number of submodels.

In this embodiment, after determining the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model, the equivalent current value, the equivalent voltage value, and the environment parameter distribution condition of the fuel cell may be determined, so as to facilitate the optimization design of the fuel cell.

It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of fig. 1, 3-6 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps of FIGS. 1, 3-6 may include steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor do the order in which the steps or stages are performed necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the steps or stages in other steps.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, there is provided a test apparatus for a fuel cell, comprising: a model dividing module 1101, a model determining module 1102, a first parameter determining module 1103, a second parameter determining module 1104, a data determining module 1105, wherein:

the model dividing module 1101 is configured to divide the fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the flow channel direction.

The model determining module 1102 is configured to determine an environmental parameter model of the fuel cell and an electrical parameter model, where the environmental parameter model is configured to characterize a relationship between an inlet environmental parameter and an outlet environmental parameter of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is configured to characterize a relationship between a current density, an operating voltage, and the inlet environmental parameter of the sub-model.

The first parameter determining module 1103 is configured to determine a first current density and a first operating voltage of a first sub-model and an outlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model according to a preset initial environmental parameter, a preset initial current density, an environmental parameter model, and an electrical parameter model, where the first sub-model is a sub-model closest to an upstream of the flow channel from among the plurality of sub-models.

The second parameter determining module 1104 is configured to determine, according to the outlet environment parameter, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environment parameter model of the previous sub-model, a target current density, a target operating voltage, and an outlet environment parameter of the current sub-model, where an absolute value of a difference value between an average value of the target current densities and the first current density, which are respectively corresponding to each sub-model, is smaller than a first threshold, and an absolute value of a difference value between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold.

The data determining module 1105 is configured to determine test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

In one embodiment, the first parameter determination module 1103 further comprises: a first current determination unit, a first environment determination unit, a first voltage determination unit, wherein:

the first current determining unit is used for taking the initial environment parameter as an inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model and taking the initial current density as a first current density of the first sub-model.

And the first environment determining unit is used for determining the outlet environment parameters of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the environment parameter model.

And the first voltage determining unit is used for determining the first working voltage of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the electric parameter model.

In one embodiment, the second parameter determination module 1104 further includes: an electrical parameter determination unit, a second environment determination unit, wherein:

and the electrical parameter determining unit is used for determining the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first working voltage and the electrical parameter model of the previous sub-model.

And the second environment determining unit is used for determining the outlet environment parameters of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model and the environment parameter model.

In one embodiment, the electrical parameter determination unit further comprises: an environment determination subunit, a current determination subunit, an average current determination subunit, a calculation subunit, a target parameter determination subunit, wherein:

and the environment determining subunit is used for taking the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model as the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model.

And the current determining subunit is used for substituting the inlet environment parameter and the first working voltage of the current sub-model into the electric parameter model to determine the second current density of the current sub-model.

And the average current determining subunit is used for determining the average current density according to the second current density of each submodel.

And the calculating subunit is used for adjusting the second current density of the current sub-model under the condition that the absolute value of the difference value between the average current density and the initial current density is larger than or equal to a first threshold value, until the absolute value of the difference value between the average current density and the initial current density is smaller than the first threshold value, and the absolute value of the difference value between the second working voltage and the first working voltage of the current sub-model determined according to the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model and the electric parameter model is smaller than the second threshold value.

And the target parameter determining subunit is used for taking the second current density and the second working voltage of the current sub-model as the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model.

In one embodiment, the data determination module 1105 further includes: a distribution determining unit, an equivalent current determining unit, an equivalent voltage determining unit, wherein:

and the distribution determining unit is used for determining the distribution condition of the environmental parameters of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the positions of the sub-models along the direction of the flow channel.

And the equivalent current determining unit is used for determining an equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model.

And the equivalent voltage determining unit is used for determining an equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target working voltages corresponding to the sub-models.

For specific limitations on the testing apparatus of the fuel cell, reference may be made to the above limitations on the testing method of the fuel cell, and no further description is given here. The respective modules in the above-described fuel cell testing apparatus may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the division of the modules is schematic, which is merely a logic function division, and other division manners may be implemented in actual implementation.

In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, the internal structure of which may be as shown in FIG. 12. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a method of testing a fuel cell.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in FIG. 12 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present inventive arrangements may be applied, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.

In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program, the processor implementing the steps of the method embodiments described above when the computer program is executed.

In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method embodiments described above.

In an embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method embodiments described above.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, or the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in the form of a variety of forms, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), and the like.

In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "some embodiments," "other embodiments," "desired embodiments," and the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of testing a fuel cell, comprising:

dividing a fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size along the direction of a flow channel;

acquiring an environment parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, wherein the environment parameter model is used for representing the relation between an inlet environment parameter and an outlet environment parameter of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used for representing the relation among the current density, the working voltage and the inlet environment parameter of the sub-model;

determining a first current density and a first working voltage of a first sub-model and an outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to a preset initial environment parameter, a preset initial current density, the environment parameter model and the electric parameter model, wherein the first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of a flow channel in a plurality of sub-models;

determining a target current density, a target working voltage and an outlet environment parameter of a current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter, the first current density, the first working voltage, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model of the previous sub-model, wherein the absolute value of the difference value between the average value of the target current densities and the first current density, which are respectively corresponding to each sub-model, is smaller than a first threshold value, and the absolute value of the difference value between the target working voltage and the first working voltage of each sub-model is smaller than a second threshold value;

And determining the test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the target current density and the target working voltage corresponding to the sub-models.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the first current density and the first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environmental parameter of the first sub-model according to the preset initial environmental parameter, the preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model comprises:

taking the initial environment parameter as an inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, and taking the initial current density as a first current density of the first sub-model;

determining an outlet environment parameter of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the environment parameter model;

and determining a first working voltage of the first sub-model according to the inlet environment parameter of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model and the electric parameter model.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining the target current density, the target operating voltage, and the outlet environmental parameter of the current sub-model according to the outlet environmental parameter, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model comprises:

Determining a target current density and a target working voltage of a current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model, the first working voltage and the electric parameter model;

and determining the outlet environment parameters of the current sub-model according to the outlet environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model and the environment parameter model.

4. A method of testing a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein said determining the target current density and the target operating voltage for the present sub-model based on the outlet environmental parameter of the previous sub-model, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model comprises:

taking the outlet environment parameter of the previous sub-model as the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model;

substituting the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model and the first working voltage into the electrical parameter model to determine a second current density of the current sub-model;

determining an average current density according to the second current density of each sub-model;

adjusting the second current density of each sub-model until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is smaller than a first threshold value and the absolute value of the difference between the second working voltage of the current sub-model and the first working voltage determined according to the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environment parameter of the current sub-model and the electrical parameter model is smaller than a second threshold value under the condition that the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is larger than or equal to the first threshold value;

And taking the second current density and the second working voltage of the current sub-model as the target current density and the target working voltage of the current sub-model.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein determining the test data of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environment parameter corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model comprises:

determining the environmental parameter distribution condition of the fuel cell to be tested according to the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to the sub-models and the positions of the sub-models along the direction of the flow channel;

determining an equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model;

and determining the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested according to the average value of the target working voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

6. The method for testing a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental parameter model includes:

the anode pressure drop model is used for determining the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the outlet of the anode flow channel of the sub-model according to the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the inlet of the anode flow channel of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model;

The anode pressure drop model is used for determining the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the outlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel according to the pressure, the concentration and the humidity of the gas at the inlet of the cathode flow channel of the submodel and the current density of the submodel;

the heat model is used for determining the temperature at the outlet of the flow channel of the sub-model according to the physical parameters of the sub-model, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel and the current density of the sub-model;

the proton water transmission model is used for determining the proton membrane impedance of the submodel according to the humidity of the proton exchange membrane of the submodel, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel and the current density of the submodel;

the electric parameter model is used for determining the working voltage of the sub-model according to the current density of the sub-model, the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model, the physical parameters of the sub-model, and the pressure, humidity, temperature and concentration of the gas at the inlet of the flow channel of the sub-model.

7. A fuel cell testing apparatus, comprising:

8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-6 when the computer program is executed.

9. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1-6.