CN116649345A - 一种除草组合物、制剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种除草组合物、制剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N37/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
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- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药技术领域(IPC分类号A01N57/00),尤其涉及一种除草组合物、制剂及其制备方法和应用,活性成分为丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆,质量比为(30‑40):(10‑15):(0.5‑5),解决了单一使用和二元使用的功效局限性,三者之间产生了协同增效的作用,杀草谱扩大,对水稻田抗性杂草稻稗等抗性杂草具有很好的防除效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域(IPC分类号A01N57/00),尤其涉及一种除草组合物、制剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
东北地区水稻返青后(二次封闭)的常规配方为苯·苄·莎稗磷或丙草胺+苯噻·苄组合使用,该类配方主要用于防治小龄稻稗及常规阔叶杂草。苯·苄·莎稗磷或丙草胺+苯噻·苄主要剂型为粉剂,这类剂型农药利用率低,且该类剂型容易对施药者造成伤害;并且随着这一类药剂的常年大量使用杂草抗性突出,特别是针对难防的稻稗,常常会造成防治失败的局面。
丁草胺为水稻田主流的封闭药剂,经过多年的推广,丁草胺的效果已经得到了广大用户的认可。丁草胺可以防除1叶期之内禾本科杂草,起到封杀的效果,因此用丁草胺可以取代苯噻酰草胺和丙草胺,同时与莎稗磷和苄嘧磺隆组合能达到很好的防治效果。
东北地区利用丁草胺防除稻稗已经至少10年没有大规模应用,可以说稻稗对丁草胺的抗性已经成为过去式,理应把丁草胺防除稻稗这一特性发挥出来,结合安全剂技术,推广其在水稻返青后防除小龄稻稗,并利用其封闭防除6月下旬—7月上旬的禾本科杂草发生高峰。因此从防效上面来说,丁草胺可以取代丙草胺或苯噻酰草胺。
苯噻酰草胺系列产品在东北地区应用超过10年,近几年苯噻酰草胺原药价格上涨,导致配方成本上升,农户用药成本显著提高。在公顷用量下对禾本科除草剂防效成本排序由高到低:苯噻酰草胺>莎稗磷>丙草胺>丁草胺。因此丁草胺在价格上与苯噻酰草胺相比,存在很大的优势。二元组合物在防效和除草谱方面均存在一定的局限性,因此开发丁草胺、莎稗磷和苄嘧磺隆的三元混配,同时开发成可分散油悬剂型,可以作为水稻移栽田二次封闭优异的药剂,该配方能够扩大除草谱、使用方便,同时降低用药成本。
发明内容
本发明的第一个方面提供了一种除草组合物,活性成分为丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆。
在一些实施方式中,所述丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆的质量比为(30-40):(10-15):(0.5-5),优选的,质量比为(33-40):(10-14):(1-4),优选的,质量比为(33-38):(11-14):(1-3),优选的,质量比为(35-38):12:(1-3),优选的,质量比为36:12:(1-3),最优选的,质量比为36:12:2。
申请人在实际探究中发现,丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆的单一使用或使用前二者简单混配,防除效果一般,且无增效产生,另一方面,长期使用单一的除草剂容易使杂草抗药性增加,而为了提高药效会进一步增加使用量,导致成本增加且环境污染加剧。而当丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆以质量比为(30-40):(10-15):(0.5-5)复配后显现出极强的协同增效作用,能扩大杀草谱,对水稻田抗性杂草稻稗等抗性杂草具有很好的防除效果。
实际实验中发现,丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆单剂在使用前以任意比例混溶会出现不兼容的问题,例如出现沉淀、絮凝等物理稳定性不合格现象,从而影响喷雾及药效发挥,而本发明所制备的可分散油悬浮剂剂型稳定性良好,适用于飞防施药,降低劳动强度,提高作业效率。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种除草组合物制剂,所述制剂的剂型选自乳油、微乳剂、水乳剂、可分散油悬浮剂、悬乳剂、颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、微胶囊悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂中的任意一种。
在一些实施方式中,所述除草组合物占所述除草组合物制剂的重量百分比为0-100%,但不包括端点值。
在一些实施方式中,所述制剂的剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备原料包括:除草组合物、安全剂、润湿分散剂、乳化剂、第一稳定剂、第二稳定剂、结构稳定剂、油基。
在一些实施方式中,为了解决常规含丁草胺制剂产品的药害风险,所述安全剂为解草啶。
在一些实施方式中,所述润湿分散剂包括阴离子型润湿分散剂和非离子型润湿分散剂,优选的,所述润湿分散剂包括聚羧酸盐类分散剂、脂肪醇硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,更优选的,所述润湿分散剂为SP-0F3494D、TSC-930中的任意一种,最优选为SP-OF3498D,主要成分为聚羧酸盐类分散剂。SP-OF3498D的优选购买厂家为江苏擎宇化工科技有限公司,TSC-930的主要成分为磺酸盐类分散剂与烷基化聚氧乙烯醚非离子混合物,优选购买厂家为竹本油脂株式会社。
在一些实施方式中,所述乳化剂包括阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂中的至少一种。
优选的,所述乳化剂为1086、OD29中的任意一种与600#按照一定比例复配。
更优选的,所述乳化剂为OD29、600#,质量比为(12-15):3。所述1086的优选厂家为禾大,OD29的主要成分为阴非离子乳化剂混合物,优选厂家为无锡颐景丰科技有限公司。
在一些实施方式中,所述第一稳定剂包括环氧氯丙烷、环氧大豆油中的至少一种,第二稳定剂包括NX-9、没食子酸酯、柠檬酸钠、轻钙、三乙醇胺、硼砂中的至少一种。
优选的,所述第一稳定剂为环氧大豆油。
优选的,所述第二稳定剂为NX-9或轻钙,更优选NX-9,所述NX-9的主要成分为金属盐和卤化物的复合物,优选的购买厂家为上海农信供应链管理有限公司。
在一些实施方式中,所述结构稳定剂包括有机膨润土、气相白炭黑、结构稳定剂TK、硅酸镁铝、凹凸棒土、高吸油值白炭黑中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述结构稳定剂为有机膨润土、气相白炭黑、结构稳定剂TK,质量比为(0.5-1):1:(0.5-1)。所述结构稳定剂TK,主要成分为聚氨酯类组成的膏状的触变添加剂,在本体系中能够形成强大的网络结构,其优选购买厂家为上海学卓精细化工有限公司。
在一些实施方式中,所述油基包括油酸甲酯、大豆油、玉米油、菜籽油、棉籽油、蓖麻仁油、椰子油、棕榈油、松节油、浓缩蔬菜油、向日葵油、菜籽油甲基酯、大豆油甲基酯、棕榈油酸甲酯、Essobay、Kawasol、甲基萘高级脂肪烃油、白油、石油烃类、三酰甘油类中的至少一种。
从平衡药效与成本的角度考虑,优选油基为油酸甲酯。
本发明的第三个方面提供了一种除草组合物制剂的制备方法,所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将莎稗磷和安全剂依次溶解在丁草胺、第一稳定剂、油基的混合物中,加入润湿分散剂、乳化剂,混合分散均匀,得到组分1;
S2.在组分1中加入结构稳定剂、第二稳定剂,搅拌混合,高速剪切下加入苄嘧磺隆,得到组分2;
S3.将组分2研磨至2-4μm,得到可分散油悬浮剂。
本发明的第四个方面提供了一种所述的除草组合物或所述的除草组合物制剂在直播稻防除杂草中的应用。
在一些实施方式中,所述杂草包括稗草、千金、马唐、碎米莎草、节节菜、鸭舌草、矮慈菇、雨久花、泽泻、花蔺、野慈姑、扁秆藨草、藨草、双穗雀稗、稻李氏禾、匍茎剪股颖、牛毛毡、看麦娘、东北甜茅、狼巴草、异形莎草、日照瓢拂草、萤蔺、日本草、谷精草、陌上菜、水竹叶、空心莲子草、牛筋草、眼子菜中的至少一种。
本发明的第五个方面提供了一种所述的除草组合物或所述的除草组合物制剂的施用方法,所述施用方法包括飞防、土壤喷雾中的任意一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.通过复配丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆,能够解决单一使用和二元使用的功效局限性,三者之间产生了协同增效的作用,杀草谱扩大,对水稻田抗性杂草稻稗等抗性杂草具有很好的防除效果;
2.以特定比例的复配,解决了丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆不兼容的问题,所制备的可分散油悬浮剂经测试稳定性良好;
3.本发明的可分散油悬浮剂剂型,采用具有植物保护效果的植物油油酸甲酯替代乳油中常用的芳烃类溶剂,符合绿色环保要求;
4.通过添加特定的NX-9或轻钙解决了丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆混合剂中苄嘧磺隆易分解的问题,所制备的可分散油悬浮剂药效稳定;
5.本发明的原料易得,制备工艺简单,易于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为田间药效试验施药前的水稻田。
图2为田间药效试验施药后的水稻田。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种除草组合物,活性成分为丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆,质量比为36:12:2。
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,制备原料见表1。
表1
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将莎稗磷和安全剂依次溶解在丁草胺、第一稳定剂、油基的混合物中,加入润湿分散剂、乳化剂,混合分散均匀,得到组分1;
S2.在组分1中加入结构稳定剂、第二稳定剂,搅拌混合,高速剪切下加入苄嘧磺隆,得到组分2;
S3.在锆珠介质下将组分2研磨至2-4μm,得到可分散油悬浮剂。
实施例2
一种除草组合物,具体实施方式同实施例1。
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,制备原料见表2。
表2
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种除草组合物,具体实施方式同实施例1。
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,制备原料见表3。
表3
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种除草组合物,具体实施方式同实施例1。
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,制备原料见表4。
表4
对比例1
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,具体实施方式同实施例1,不同之处在于,润湿分散剂为TSC-490,主要成分为烷基磺酸,购买自竹本油脂株式会社。
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,具体实施方式同实施例1,不同之处在于,第二稳定剂为柠檬酸。
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例3
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,具体实施方式同实施例1,不同之处在于,采用OD21替换OD29,购买厂家为无锡颐景丰科技有限公司。
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例4
一种除草组合物制剂,剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,具体实施方式同实施例1,不同之处在于,结构稳定剂添加量为0。
所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法同实施例1。
性能测试
(1)将实施例和对比例制备的除草组合物制剂进行稳定性试验,结果见表5:
1)外观:经存放允许有少量分层,但要摇动后仍能恢复原状,不允许结块。
2)有效成分含量:测定方法采用高效液相色谱法。热贮分解率测定,由热贮前后有效成分含量测定结果计算出来。
热贮分解率=(热贮前含量-热贮后含量)/热贮前含量*100%
3)悬浮率:应大于或等于90%,测定方法参照GB/T 14825-93农药可湿性粉剂悬浮率测定方法进行。
4)pH范围:按照GB/T 1600-93农药pH值测定方法进行。
5)低温稳定性:将试样置于(0±2)℃,观察1周即可。无固体和油状物析出为合格。
6)热贮稳定性:将样品置于恒温箱中,54℃放置2周。
表5
(2)将实施例1制备的除草组合物制剂进行田间药效试验:
试验地点:江苏常州,溧阳市后迈桥村
试验时间:2022.6.29-2022.7.5
药效试验:水稻返青以后使用实施例1制备的除草组合物制剂(活性成分为丁草胺·莎稗磷·苄嘧磺隆),使用量为150mL/亩,拌肥进行撒施,药后7d观察,参见图1-2,田里面几乎无杂草(药后需要保水),防效达到90%以上。
Claims (10)
1.一种除草组合物,其特征在于,活性成分为丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种除草组合物,其特征在于,所述丁草胺、莎稗磷、苄嘧磺隆的质量比为(30-40):(10-15):(0.5-5)。
3.一种由权利要求1所述的除草组合物制备的除草组合物制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂的剂型选自乳油、微乳剂、水乳剂、可分散油悬浮剂、悬乳剂、颗粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、微胶囊悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种除草组合物制剂,其特征在于,所述除草组合物占所述除草组合物制剂的重量百分比为0-100%,但不包括端点值。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种除草组合物制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂的剂型为可分散油悬浮剂,所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备原料包括:除草组合物、安全剂、润湿分散剂、乳化剂、第一稳定剂、第二稳定剂、结构稳定剂、油基。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种除草组合物制剂,其特征在于,所述第一稳定剂包括环氧氯丙烷、环氧大豆油中的至少一种,第二稳定剂包括NX-9、没食子酸酯、柠檬酸钠、轻钙、三乙醇胺、硼砂中的至少一种。
7.一种根据权利要求5所述的除草组合物制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述可分散油悬浮剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将莎稗磷和安全剂依次溶解在丁草胺、第一稳定剂、油基的混合物中,
加入润湿分散剂、乳化剂,混合分散均匀,得到组分1;
S2.在组分1中加入结构稳定剂、第二稳定剂,搅拌混合,高速剪切下加入苄嘧磺隆,得到组分2;
S3.将组分2研磨至2-4μm,得到可分散油悬浮剂。
8.一种根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物或权利要求3所述的除草组合物制剂在直播稻防除杂草中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述杂草包括稗草、千金、马唐、碎米莎草、节节菜、鸭舌草、矮慈菇、雨久花、泽泻、花蔺、野慈姑、扁秆藨草、藨草、双穗雀稗、稻李氏禾、匍茎剪股颖、牛毛毡、看麦娘、东北甜茅、狼巴草、异形莎草、日照瓢拂草、萤蔺、日本草、谷精草、陌上菜、水竹叶、空心莲子草、牛筋草、眼子菜中的至少一种。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物或权利要求3所述的除草组合物权利要求书
制剂的施用方法,其特征在于,所述施用方法包括飞防、土壤喷雾中的任意一种。
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