CN116639952B - Method for preparing porous ceramic by using polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for preparing porous ceramic by using polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN116639952B CN116639952B CN202310580428.7A CN202310580428A CN116639952B CN 116639952 B CN116639952 B CN 116639952B CN 202310580428 A CN202310580428 A CN 202310580428A CN 116639952 B CN116639952 B CN 116639952B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of polluted soil, and particularly relates to a method for preparing porous ceramics by utilizing polluted soil. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly screening polluted soil, and then adding water to prepare slurry; (2) Adding strong alkali into the slurry obtained in the step (1) to adjust the pH value, heating and stirring, and then performing primary separation to remove impurities; (3) Adding alum precipitate into the slurry obtained in the step (2), concentrating the slurry, removing supernatant, and performing filter pressing and solid-liquid separation to obtain fine slurry with the water content of 15-30wt%; (4) Mixing boric acid, sodium carbonate and the fine mud obtained in the step (3) uniformly to obtain ceramic mud; (5) Shaping, drying and firing the ceramic mud obtained in the step (4) to obtain the porous ceramic. The method can better utilize the polluted soil, realize the recycling of the polluted soil, and greatly improve the added value of the polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of polluted soil, and particularly relates to a method for preparing porous ceramics by utilizing polluted soil.
Background
Most of landfill sites are filled with a large amount of garbage, and the soil contains impurities such as plastics, glass, wood, grains and metal, so that the soil is seriously polluted. The contaminated soil contains a certain amount of water, is easy to agglomerate to form mud particles with larger particles, cannot be screened by adopting a finer mesh screen, and can be screened by adopting a roller screen and other methods at present, so that inorganic aggregate, light combustible materials and finer soil can be obtained according to different particle sizes. Wherein, the inorganic aggregate can be reused as building material, and the light combustible material can be used for generating electricity, which has good economic value. The finer soil still contains heavy metal ions and other components, so that the soil still belongs to polluted soil and cannot be directly placed in the environment for reuse. Therefore, how to treat and utilize the polluted soil well, thereby utilizing the high-value resources of the polluted soil is still a valuable exploration.
The current use of contaminated soil mainly includes land use and construction materials. However, in the case of land use (soil improvement, landscaping, etc.), heavy metals in contaminated soil are higher than those in normal soil, which increases the risk of precipitation of heavy metals in the environment, and the human body is in an environment with excessive heavy metals for a long time, which can have adverse effects on health. When the composite material is used as a building material (cement and brick), the doping amount of polluted soil is limited, the quality of cement and bricks can be reduced, the application range of building material products is affected, the treatment cost of a brick factory and a cement factory is generally required to be additionally paid, and heavy metal ions have the leaching risk and possibly cause secondary pollution. Therefore, the application of the polluted soil screened from the stale garbage is limited, the large-scale and effective resource utilization cannot be realized, and how to better treat and utilize the polluted soil is still a difficult problem to date.
Researchers have made beneficial attempts to better recycle the polluted soil, such as China patent CN111592375B, and have provided a method for preparing ceramsite by using the aged garbage, wherein the polluted soil obtained by screening the aged garbage out of large garbage is mixed with combustible substances on a screen, and then the mixture is used for firing the ceramsite to be used as a building material, so that the recycling of the polluted soil is better realized. But the ceramsite prepared by the method has lower quality, is generally used for paving and concrete aggregate, and has lower added value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the prior art cannot be effectively utilized in a recycling way due to the fact that the polluted soil contains impurities and heavy metals, and provides a method for preparing porous ceramics by utilizing the polluted soil.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a porous ceramic prepared from fine mud in polluted soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly screening polluted soil, and then adding water to prepare slurry;
(2) Adding strong alkali into the slurry obtained in the step (1) to adjust the pH value, heating and stirring, and then performing primary separation to remove impurities;
(3) Adding alum precipitate into the slurry obtained in the step (2), concentrating the slurry, removing supernatant, and performing filter pressing and solid-liquid separation to obtain fine slurry with the water content of 15-30wt%;
(4) Mixing boric acid, sodium carbonate and the fine mud obtained in the step (3) uniformly to obtain ceramic mud;
(5) Shaping, drying and firing the ceramic mud obtained in the step (4) to obtain the porous ceramic.
The screening in the step (1) is multi-stage screening;
The multi-stage screening process is to screen the large garbage from the polluted soil of the landfill by adopting a drum screen for multiple times after manually selecting the large garbage, wherein the aperture of the first-stage drum screen is 12-18 cm, and the aperture of the second-stage drum screen is 5-10 cm; the aperture of the third-stage drum screen is 1-3 cm.
In the step (1), the mass ratio of water to soil is 1:1-5.
The PH value in the step (2) is 11-14;
The preliminary separation and impurity removal in the step (2) are carried out by using a spiral chute, and the particle size of mud particles in the slurry can be controlled by controlling parameters of the spiral chute.
Specifically, during preliminary separation and impurity removal, the transverse inclination angle of the rotating chute in the step (2) is 6-12 degrees, and the number of turns is 3-10.
The strong base in the step (2) is at least one selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
And (3) heating to 60-98 ℃ in the step (2) for 60-180 min.
And adding sodium hydroxide, adjusting the pH value to a certain alkaline range, heating and stirring for a period of time, so that part of humic acid in the polluted soil reacts with part of sodium hydroxide to produce sodium humate which is easy to dissolve in water, thereby reducing the content of organic matters in the subsequent mud and stabilizing the formed ceramic.
The precipitation time after alum is added in the step (3) is 20-90 min;
The addition amount of alum in the step (3) is as follows: in the step (1), 50-200 g alum is added in every 1 ton of water and in the step (3). The specific processing procedure in the step (3) is as follows:
Filtering the slurry subjected to impurity removal in the step (2) through a mesh screen with a certain aperture, and allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 10-60 min, so that heavier matters in the slurry are sunk, and further removing impurities in the slurry; then the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and enters the mud tank; and adding alum into the slurry pool to precipitate the solids in the slurry again for a period of time, removing supernatant of the slurry, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry through a filter pressing system.
The step (4) further comprises the step of adding alumina, wherein the proportion of the polluted soil, boric acid and sodium carbonate in the ceramic mud dried in the step (5) is 60-80 wt%, 5-30 wt% and 5-25 wt%, and the proportion of the alumina in the step (5) is 0-15 wt%.
The drying temperature in the step (5) is 50-70 ℃ and the time is 60-180 min.
The firing temperature program in the step (5) is as follows: heating to 80-100 ℃ at the speed of 0.5-1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 60-120 min, heating to 130-140 ℃ at the speed of 0.2-0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-90 min, heating to 800-900 ℃ at the speed of 2-4 ℃/min, heating to 1100-1400 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h.
The shaping process in the step (5) is as follows: and (3) coating a layer of thin sand in the die, and putting the ceramic mud prepared in the step (4) into a grinding tool for shaping.
A porous ceramic prepared according to the method of any one of the preceding claims.
After long-time landfill, organic matters are degraded by microorganisms and then are synthesized into humic acid to infiltrate into soil. Humic acid can be chelated with heavy metals in soil, so that the content of soluble heavy metals is reduced, and the heavy metals are not easy to dissolve in the treatment processes of removing impurities from polluted soil and the like; in addition, in the presence of humic acid, the content of the combined state of hydroxide and carbonate of heavy metal can be increased by the residual sodium hydroxide and the added sodium carbonate, and in the process of high-temperature firing, the components in the ceramic mud are broken and reformed through chemical bonds to form a network structure, the heavy metal is firmly fixed in the network structure in the porous ceramic, at the moment, the physical and chemical properties of the heavy metal are very stable and are difficult to separate out from the ceramic, and further, the porous ceramic is prepared, heavy metal ions are difficult to exude in the long-time use process, so that the heavy metal is effectively prevented from escaping into the environment in the recycling process, and secondary pollution is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method comprises the steps of performing a series of treatments including screening, heating, alkali adding, batching and the like on polluted soil, and firing the treated fine mud into ceramic at high temperature, wherein the ceramic has a porous structure;
(2) Heavy metal ions are fixed in polluted soil through chemical reaction, and then are fixed in a three-dimensional network structure in ceramic in the ceramic firing process, so that the prepared ceramic is not easy to dissolve in the use process, and secondary pollution to the environment caused by dissolving out of heavy metal can be avoided;
(3) The invention processes the polluted soil to obtain the fine mud suitable for firing the ceramics, and the preparation of the ceramics by using the fine mud saves the cost for preparing the ceramics on one hand, realizes the reclamation of the polluted soil on the other hand, and improves the added value of the polluted soil to a great extent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Screening pulping
And after the polluted soil is dried in the sun, manually selecting larger building rubbish from rubbish, and screening the polluted soil through a multi-stage drum screen to obtain the polluted soil after preliminary treatment. Wherein the aperture of the first-stage trommel is 18cm, the aperture of the second-stage trommel is 10cm, and the aperture of the third-stage trommel is 3cm. 1000 parts of water and 1000 parts of the preliminarily treated contaminated soil were added to a stirring apparatus, and the mixture was rapidly stirred at 5rad/min for 10 minutes and then at 30rad/min for 5 minutes to obtain slurry.
(2) Mud impurity removal
And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the slurry prepared in the step (1), adjusting the pH to 14, heating to 98 ℃, and stirring for 60min. Pouring the slurry into a spiral chute with an inclination angle of 9 and a circle number of 5, and finely separating various impurities in the slurry under the action of gravity and centripetal force.
(3) Solid-liquid separation
And (3) allowing the slurry obtained in the step (2) to flow out through a 0.2mm mesh screen, and allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 30min, so as to remove impurities in the slurry. And the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and then enters the mud tank. 0.2 parts of alum was added to the slurry pond, so that the slurry was again precipitated for 30min, thereby concentrating the slurry. Removing supernatant fluid after concentrating the slurry, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry through a filter pressing system to prepare fine slurry with water content of 20%. The sewage generated in the process can be reused to form a closed loop.
(4) Preparation of ceramic mud
Weighing 80 parts of fine mud, 15 parts of boric acid and 5 parts of sodium carbonate after impurity removal, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare uniform ceramic mud.
(5) Porous ceramic preparation
Coating a layer of thin sand in the die, putting the ceramic mud into a grinding tool for molding, putting into an oven, preserving heat for 180min at 50 ℃, and demolding and molding the ceramic mud. And (3) placing the molded ceramic mud into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 100 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 120min, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3h to obtain the porous ceramic.
Example 2
(1) Screening pulping
And after the polluted soil is dried in the sun, manually selecting larger building rubbish from rubbish, and screening the polluted soil through a multi-stage drum screen to obtain the polluted soil after preliminary treatment. Wherein the aperture of the first-stage trommel is 18cm, the aperture of the second-stage trommel is 10cm, and the aperture of the third-stage trommel is 3cm. 1000 parts of water and 1000 parts of the preliminarily treated contaminated soil were added to a stirring apparatus, and the mixture was rapidly stirred at 5rad/min for 10 minutes and then at 30rad/min for 5 minutes to obtain slurry.
(2) Mud impurity removal
And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the slurry prepared in the step (1), adjusting the pH to 14, heating to 98 ℃, and stirring for 60min. Pouring the slurry into a spiral chute with an inclination angle of 9 and a circle number of 5, and finely separating various garbage in the slurry under the action of gravity and centripetal force.
(3) Solid-liquid separation
And (3) allowing the slurry obtained in the step (2) to flow out through a 0.2mm mesh screen, and allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 30min, so as to remove impurities in the slurry. And the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and then enters the mud tank. 0.2 parts of alum was added to the slurry pond, so that the slurry was again precipitated for 30min, thereby concentrating the slurry. Removing supernatant fluid after concentrating the slurry, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry through a filter pressing system to prepare fine slurry with water content of 20%. The sewage generated in the process can be reused to form a closed loop.
(4) Preparation of porous ceramic mud
Weighing 65 parts of fine mud, 15 parts of alumina, 15 parts of boric acid and 5 parts of sodium carbonate after impurity removal, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare uniform ceramic mud.
(5) Porous ceramic preparation
Coating a layer of thin sand in the die, putting the ceramic mud into a grinding tool for molding, putting into an oven, preserving heat for 180min at 50 ℃, and demolding and molding the ceramic mud. And (3) placing the molded ceramic mud into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 100 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 120min, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3h to obtain the porous ceramic.
Example 3
(1) Screening pulping
And after the polluted soil is dried in the sun, manually selecting larger building rubbish from rubbish, and screening the polluted soil through a multi-stage drum screen to obtain the polluted soil after preliminary treatment. Wherein the aperture of the first-stage trommel is 18cm, the aperture of the second-stage trommel is 10cm, and the aperture of the third-stage trommel is 3cm. 1000 parts of water and 1000 parts of the preliminarily treated contaminated soil were added to a stirring apparatus, and the mixture was rapidly stirred at 5rad/min for 10 minutes and then at 30rad/min for 5 minutes to obtain slurry.
(2) Mud impurity removal
And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the slurry prepared in the step (1), adjusting the pH to 14, heating to 98 ℃, and stirring for 60min. Pouring the slurry into a spiral chute with an inclination angle of 9 and a circle number of 5, and finely separating various garbage in the slurry under the action of gravity and centripetal force.
(3) Solid-liquid separation
And (3) allowing the slurry obtained in the step (2) to flow out through a 0.2mm mesh screen, and allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 30min, so as to remove impurities in the slurry. And the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and then enters the mud tank. 0.2 parts of alum was added to the slurry pond, so that the slurry was again precipitated for 30min, thereby concentrating the slurry. Removing supernatant fluid after concentrating the slurry, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry through a filter pressing system to prepare fine slurry with water content of 20%. The sewage generated in the process can be reused to form a closed loop.
(4) Preparation of porous ceramic mud
Weighing 60 parts of fine mud, 30 parts of boric acid and 10 parts of sodium carbonate after impurity removal, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare uniform ceramic mud.
(5) Porous ceramic preparation
Coating a layer of thin sand in the die, putting the ceramic mud into a grinding tool for molding, putting into an oven, preserving heat for 180min at 50 ℃, and demolding and molding the ceramic mud. And (3) placing the molded ceramic mud into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 100 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 120min, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3h to obtain the porous ceramic.
Example 4
(1) Screening pulping
And after the polluted soil is dried in the sun, manually selecting larger building rubbish from rubbish, and screening the polluted soil through a multi-stage drum screen to obtain the polluted soil after preliminary treatment. Wherein the aperture of the first-stage trommel is 18cm, the aperture of the second-stage trommel is 10cm, and the aperture of the third-stage trommel is 3cm. 1000 parts of water and 1000 parts of the preliminarily treated contaminated soil were added to a stirring apparatus, and the mixture was rapidly stirred at 5rad/min for 10 minutes and then at 30rad/min for 5 minutes to obtain slurry.
(2) Mud impurity removal
Sodium hydroxide was added to the slurry prepared in step 1, the pH was adjusted to 14, heated to 98℃and stirred for 60min. Pouring the slurry into a spiral chute with an inclination angle of 9 and a circle number of 5, and finely separating various garbage in the slurry under the action of gravity and centripetal force.
(3) Solid-liquid separation
And (3) allowing the slurry obtained in the step (2) to flow out through a 0.2mm mesh screen, and allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 30min, so as to remove impurities in the slurry. And the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and then enters the mud tank. 0.2 parts of alum was added to the slurry pond, so that the slurry was again precipitated for 30min, thereby concentrating the slurry. Removing supernatant fluid after concentrating the slurry, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry through a filter pressing system to prepare fine slurry with water content of 20%. The sewage generated in the process can be reused to form a closed loop.
(4) Preparation of ceramic mud
60 Parts of fine mud, 15 parts of boric acid, 23 parts of sodium carbonate and 2 parts of alumina after impurity removal are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed to prepare uniform ceramic mud.
(5) Porous ceramic preparation
Coating a layer of thin sand in the die, putting the ceramic mud into a grinding tool for molding, putting into an oven, preserving heat for 180min at 50 ℃, and demolding and molding the ceramic mud. And (3) placing the molded ceramic mud into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 100 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 120min, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3h to obtain the porous ceramic.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, in comparative example 1, 90 parts of fine mud, 7.5 parts of boric acid and 2.5 parts of sodium carbonate were weighed in step (4), and the other conditions were the same.
Comparative example 2
In comparison with example 3, 40 parts of fine mud, 40 parts of boric acid and 20 parts of sodium carbonate were weighed in step (4) of comparative example 2, and the other conditions were the same.
Comparative example 3
And after the polluted soil is dried in the sun, manually selecting larger building rubbish from rubbish, and screening the polluted soil through a multi-stage drum screen to obtain the polluted soil after preliminary treatment. Wherein the aperture of the first-stage trommel is 18cm, the aperture of the second-stage trommel is 10cm, and the aperture of the third-stage trommel is 3cm. 1000 parts of water and 1000 parts of the preliminarily treated contaminated soil were added to a stirring apparatus, and the mixture was rapidly stirred at 5rad/min for 10 minutes and then at 30rad/min for 5 minutes to obtain slurry.
And (3) allowing the slurry to flow out through a 0.2mm mesh screen, and then allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 30min, so as to remove impurities in the slurry. And the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and then enters the mud tank. 0.2 parts of alum is added to the slurry pond, allowing the slurry to settle again for a period of time, thereby concentrating the slurry. Removing supernatant fluid after concentrating the slurry, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry through a filter pressing system to prepare fine slurry with water content of 20%.
Weighing 80 parts of fine mud after impurity removal, 15 parts of boric acid and 5 parts of sodium carbonate, and fully and uniformly mixing to prepare uniform ceramic mud.
Coating a layer of thin sand in the die, putting the ceramic mud into a grinding tool for molding, putting into an oven, preserving heat for 180min at 50 ℃, and demolding and molding the ceramic mud. And (3) placing the molded ceramic mud into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 100 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 120min, heating to 140 ℃ at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, heating to 900 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3h to obtain the porous ceramic.
Test results
The inventive examples were prepared by the inventive method, the addition of excess fine mud in comparative example 1, the addition of too little sodium carbonate, the addition of too little fine mud in comparative example 2, the addition of too much boric acid, and comparative example 3 were not further treated with strong alkali, and then the ceramics prepared in each example and each comparative example were separately tested, with the results as set forth in the above table.
The heavy metal is dissolved out by placing 100g of prepared ceramic material in 20ml of pure water for soaking for 4 weeks, then removing ceramic to obtain solution, supplementing pure water until the solution amount is 20ml, and taking the solution to test the concentration of lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium in the water.
As can be seen from the table above, the ceramic prepared by the method has a porous structure and better mechanical strength, and the heavy metals in the polluted soil are better fixed in the prepared ceramic material and are not easy to dissolve out.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing porous ceramics by using polluted soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Firstly screening polluted soil, and then adding water to prepare slurry;
(2) Adding strong alkali into the slurry obtained in the step (1) to adjust the pH value, heating and stirring, and then performing primary separation to remove impurities;
(3) Filtering the slurry subjected to impurity removal in the step (2) through a mesh screen with a certain aperture, and allowing the slurry to enter a sedimentation tank for primary sedimentation for 10-60 min, so that heavier matters in the slurry are sunk, and further removing impurities in the slurry; then the mud flows out from the sedimentation tank and enters the mud tank; adding alum precipitate into the obtained slurry, concentrating the slurry, removing supernatant, and performing filter pressing and solid-liquid separation to obtain fine slurry with the water content of 15-30wt%;
(4) Mixing boric acid, sodium carbonate and the fine mud obtained in the step (3) uniformly to obtain ceramic mud;
(5) Shaping, drying and firing the ceramic mud obtained in the step (4) to obtain porous ceramic;
The pH value in the step (2) is 11-14;
the preliminary separation and impurity removal in the step (2) are carried out by using a spiral chute;
the contaminated soil is landfill contaminated soil.
2. The method for preparing porous ceramic by using contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the screening in the step (1) is a multi-stage screening.
3. The method for preparing porous ceramic using contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the strong base in step (2) is at least one selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
4. The method for preparing porous ceramic by using polluted soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating in the step (2) is carried out to a temperature of 60 to 98 ℃ for 60 to 180 minutes.
5. The method for preparing porous ceramic by using polluted soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for adding alum to precipitate in the step (3) is 20-90 min.
6. The method for preparing porous ceramics by using polluted soil according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of alum in the step (3) is as follows: and (3) adding 50-200 g of alum in each 1 ton of water in the step (1).
7. The method for preparing porous ceramic by using polluted soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) further comprises adding alumina, the proportion of fine mud, boric acid and sodium carbonate in the ceramic mud dried in the step (5) is 60-80 wt%, 5-30 wt% and 5-25 wt%, respectively, and the proportion of alumina in the step (5) is 0-15 wt%.
8. The method for preparing porous ceramics using contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the firing temperature program in step (5) is: heating to 80-100 ℃ at the speed of 0.5-1 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 60-120 min, heating to 130-140 ℃ at the speed of 0.2-0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-90 min, heating to 800-900 ℃ at the speed of 2-4 ℃/min, heating to 1100-1400 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 0.5-3 h.
9. A porous ceramic prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| KR100854036B1 (en) * | 2007-04-06 | 2008-08-26 | 유종희 | Method for manufacturing soil aggregate using sewage sludge and soil aggregate using the same |
| CN102093071B (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-12-04 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for preparing ceramic particles through modification of urban heavily polluted river dredged sediment |
| CN104014583B (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-01-20 | 苏州同和环保工程有限公司 | A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil drip washing and heavy metal enrichment method and equipment thereof |
| CN108484115B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-07-20 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of porous material prepared from solid waste |
| CN108503386B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2020-07-28 | 北京建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Process for preparing non-sintered ceramsite by utilizing metallurgical contaminated soil |
| CN114538892A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江寰龙环境科技有限公司 | Low-cost ceramsite preparation process based on harmless treatment of polluted soil |
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| CN111018288A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-17 | 北京华盛坤泰环境科技股份有限公司 | Centralized treatment method for waste drilling mud |
| CN111745811A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-09 | 浙江省生态环境科学设计研究院 | Pre-kiln pretreatment method for preparing ceramsite by aiming at heavy metal contaminated soil |
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