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CN116638751B - A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials - Google Patents

A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116638751B
CN116638751B CN202310571470.2A CN202310571470A CN116638751B CN 116638751 B CN116638751 B CN 116638751B CN 202310571470 A CN202310571470 A CN 202310571470A CN 116638751 B CN116638751 B CN 116638751B
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low temperature
layer
temperature
printing
high temperature
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CN116638751A (en
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陈意伟
单忠德
宋亚星
范聪泽
郑菁桦
宋文哲
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Priority to PCT/CN2024/083443 priority patent/WO2024239787A1/en
Priority to LU507730A priority patent/LU507730B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法，通过填充单元体类型的设定，使得制件中连续纤维预浸渍丝材部分在空间分布上被树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材部分立体包覆，实现打印制件刚度、能量吸收性的性能均匀性调控；同时协同打印高、低温树脂材料，形成制件的高温树脂框架，并对打印制件中的低温树脂材质定向热处理，可实现在不影响制件最终成形精度的情况下，弥合制件内孔隙，优化界面结合效果，改善连续纤维浸渍程度，提升力学性能。

The invention provides a printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials. By setting the type of filling unit, the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire part of the product is spatially distributed with resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire. Partial three-dimensional cladding achieves performance uniformity control of the stiffness and energy absorption of printed parts; at the same time, high and low-temperature resin materials are printed collaboratively to form a high-temperature resin frame for the part, and the low-temperature resin material in the printed part is directionally heat-treated. It can bridge the pores in the part, optimize the interface bonding effect, improve the degree of continuous fiber impregnation, and improve the mechanical properties without affecting the final forming accuracy of the part.

Description

Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-end equipment manufacturing; in particular to a printing method based on high and low temperature bi-material space distribution.
Background
With the development of additive manufacturing technology of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composites in recent years, several research teams at home and abroad have introduced series of forming devices, such as COMBOT-1 of fibred tech company in China, mark2 of Mark forged company in U.S., compound A4 of Russian Anisoprint company, and the like. Dual jet printing equipment is also not lacking in market devices and multi-material printing (one print head printing resin or staple fiber reinforced resin filaments, the other printing continuous dry fiber or continuous fiber prepreg filaments) has been achieved, wherein the resin or staple fiber reinforced resin filaments are used for (1) support structure printing and (2) covering the continuous fiber print layer to improve the final part surface quality.
The printing path and the material use of the prior continuous fiber double-nozzle printing scheme have the following characteristics:
(1) the continuous fiber layer is obtained by longitudinally and equally dividing the target product, the continuous fiber prepreg wire part and the resin wire part are subjected to printing path planning based on fixed in-plane distribution rules, the printing layer is used as a variable path arrangement object, the continuous fiber arrangement mode in the continuous fiber layer is fixed, and the sandwich structure is formed by stacking and arranging typical continuous fiber layers and short fiber reinforced resin layers.
(2) The resins used for the resin or the staple fiber reinforced resin filaments and the continuous fiber prepreg filaments are resins with similar temperature characteristics, usually the same resins, such as PLA filaments and continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA prepreg filaments.
Academic research shows that the continuous fiber double-nozzle printing scheme adopts resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires and continuous fiber prepreg wires for composite printing, and compared with a single fiber composite material wire for printing a workpiece, the addition of the resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires enables the workpiece to have adjustable rigidity and better energy absorption characteristic. But at the same time, new pore defects are introduced, which in turn leads to a deterioration of the interlayer shear properties. For this reason, it is generally desirable in the industry to use heat treatment to close the voids of the article to improve the interfacial bonding state and reduce the adverse effects of the addition of resin or staple fiber reinforced resin filaments.
The following forming limitations exist due to the characteristics of the print path and material usage of the above-described prior continuous fiber dual jet printing scheme:
(1) in the printing path, it is difficult to achieve three-dimensional coating of the continuous fiber prepreg filaments with the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin filaments in spatial distribution, that is, it is inconvenient to uniformly distribute the continuous fiber prepreg filaments and the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin filaments in the longitudinal section of the article, so that it is difficult to sufficiently release the beneficial effects of the short fiber reinforced resin portion in the rigidity adjustment and the energy absorption characteristics of the molded article.
(2) In the heat treatment, the temperature characteristic of the resin matrix is considered to cause the thermal deformation of the workpiece, so that the overall accuracy of the workpiece is reduced, and therefore, the heat treatment temperature is lower, and the pore closing effect is not as expected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a printing method based on spatial distribution of high-temperature and low-temperature double materials, and aims to provide a continuous fiber double-nozzle printing spatial path generation scheme which realizes that a workpiece is formed in a mode that continuous fiber prepreg wires are spatially coated with resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires. And on the basis, the high-temperature resin or the short fiber reinforced high-temperature resin wire and the continuous fiber pre-impregnated low-temperature resin wire are adopted for collaborative printing, and the heat treatment effect is improved and the performance of the workpiece is enhanced on the premise of not affecting the integral accuracy of the workpiece by carrying out directional heat treatment on the low-temperature resin.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a printing method based on high and low temperature bi-material space distribution comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting a printing width w, a printing layer thickness t, a printing wall thickness l and a filling unit body type;
step 2: carrying out horizontal slicing on a target workpiece by using a printing layer thickness t, extracting contour shape information sets { Ci }, shrinking wall thickness l of each contour layer to obtain filling domain information sets { Ri }, dividing filling domains { Ri } of each layer by using a width w, and finally uniformly dividing each sliced layer into a geometric set { Mi } formed by a rectangular filling strip and a rectangular wall, wherein the set formed by all rectangular filling strips of each layer is a filling body { Si };
step 3: filling the filling body { Si } in the order from top to bottom and from left to right with the selected unit body type;
step 4: the central line of each geometric shape in the extracted geometric set { Mi } is a section of printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing paths is as follows: the single-layer printing path is sequentially connected from the bottom layer to the top layer to form an integral printing path of the target workpiece;
step 5: the outer wall path mark is made of resin or short fiber reinforced resin; in the step 3, the resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire and the continuous fiber prepreg wire in the unit body are respectively marked in the respective printing paths; in the step 3, the paths corresponding to the parts which are not filled with the filling bodies { Si }, which are marked as resin or short fiber reinforced resin materials, cannot be filled with the unit bodies; and finishing marking of all the printing path materials, namely finishing the printing head marks corresponding to each section of printing path.
Furthermore, the resin or the short fiber reinforced resin material is high-temperature resin, the resin matrix of the continuous fiber prepreg wire is low-temperature resin, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the low-temperature resin is higher than the melting point of the high-temperature resin. The selection of the materials can construct a whole frame of the workpiece composed of high-temperature resin, uniformly cover the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wires, and directionally heat treat the low-temperature resin of the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wires in the post-treatment, so that the internal pores of the workpiece can be closed under the condition of not affecting the final forming precision of the workpiece, and the impregnation degree of the continuous fibers can be improved.
Further, the filling unit body set in the continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme is of a rectangular structure formed by rectangular filling strips in the step 2, each rectangular filling strip is marked with a corresponding material, and according to different distributions of resin or short fiber reinforced resin wires and continuous fiber prepreg wires, the unit body has three design structures:
(1) 3X 3 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature and low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
third layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
the spatial distribution ratio of the high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit body is 4:5, a step of;
(2) 4 x 4 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature and low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
third layer: high temperature, low temperature and high temperature,
fourth layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
the spatial distribution ratio of the high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit body is 5:5, a step of;
(3) 5X 5 unit body
A first layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature,
a second layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
third layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
fourth layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
fifth layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature.
The space distribution ratio of the high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit body is 13:12;
the three design unit body structures can realize that the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire material part in the product is coated by resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire material part in spatial distribution in a three-dimensional and uniform way, namely, the spatial distribution ratio of high/low temperature materials is 50 percent, but the applicability to the shape and the size of the product is weakened in sequence.
Further, after printing is completed, the temperature range of heat treatment of the sample is set between the melting point of the low-temperature resin and the melting point of the high-temperature resin, and the heating time is determined according to the size of the formed sample, and is at least 3 hours.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Providing a continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme, and enabling a continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire part in a product to be covered by resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire parts in a three-dimensional manner on space distribution through setting of filling unit types, so as to realize performance uniformity regulation and control of rigidity and energy absorptivity of the printed product;
(2) Based on the provided continuous fiber double-nozzle printing space path generation scheme, high-temperature resin materials and low-temperature resin materials are cooperatively printed to form a high-temperature resin frame of a finished piece, and the directional heat treatment of the low-temperature resin materials in the printed finished piece can realize the effect of closing the inner pores of the finished piece, optimizing the interface bonding effect, improving the impregnation degree of the continuous fiber and improving the mechanical property under the condition of not affecting the final forming precision of the finished piece.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of three design structural units related to a continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme in the invention: (a) 3X 3 unit cell, (b) 4X 4 unit cell, and (c) 5X 5 unit cell.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of geometric slicing of a slice in step 2 of the continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the filler { Si } in step 2 of the continuous fiber dual jet printing spatial path generation scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of step 4 of the continuous fiber dual jet printing space path generation scheme of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of step 5 of the continuous fiber dual jet print spatial path generation scheme of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The target article was a 9×5×2.25mm cube, using a high temperature material of a short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) composite wire and a low temperature material of a continuous carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact-resistant polystyrene) prepreg wire.
The generation scheme of the printing space path of the continuous fiber double spray heads adopted by the embodiment is as follows:
step 1: setting a printing width w=1 mm, a printing layer thickness t=0.25 mm, a printing wall thickness l=1 mm, and a filling unit type selection 3×3 unit, as shown in fig. 1 (a);
step 2: carrying out horizontal slicing on a target workpiece by using a printing layer thickness t=0.25 mm, extracting contour shape information sets { Ci }, shrinking wall thickness l=1 mm of each layer contour, obtaining filling domain information sets { Ri } of each layer, dividing each layer of filling domain { Ri } by using a width w=1 mm, and finally uniformly dividing each slice layer into a geometric set { Mi } formed by a rectangular wall and a plurality of rectangular filling strips, wherein the set formed by all rectangular filling strips of each layer is a filling body { Si }, as shown in figures 2-3;
step 3: filling the filling body { Si } in the order from top to bottom and from left to right with the selected unit body type;
step 4: the central line of each geometric shape in the extracted geometric set { Mi } is a section of printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing paths is as follows: the single layer is connected to the filling domain path from the outer wall path, wherein the filling domain path is sequentially connected from left to right, and the single layer printing path is sequentially connected from the bottom layer to the top layer, so that the whole printing path of the target workpiece is formed, as shown in fig. 4;
step 5: the outer wall path mark is made of short carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact-resistant polystyrene) material; in the step 3, a short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) part and a continuous carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact-resistant polystyrene) prepreg wire part in the unit body are respectively marked into respective printing paths; in the step 3, the paths corresponding to the parts, which are not filled with the filling bodies { Si }, of the unit bodies cannot be marked as short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) materials; the marking of all the printing path materials is finished, namely the marking of the printing heads corresponding to each section of printing path is finished, as shown in fig. 5.
And after the printing is finished according to the printing scheme, performing heat treatment on the workpiece, wherein the parameters are set to be the heating temperature of 210 ℃ and the heating time of 3 hours.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the embodiment, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features.

Claims (3)

1.一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法，其特征在于，采用的连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成步骤为：1. A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials, characterized in that the steps used to generate the printing space path of a continuous fiber dual nozzle are: 步骤1：设定打印宽度w、打印层厚t、打印壁厚l、填充单元体类型；Step 1: Set the printing width w, printing layer thickness t, printing wall thickness l, and filling unit type; 步骤2：以打印层厚t对目标制件进行水平切片，提取各层轮廓形状信息集{Ci}，各层轮廓内缩壁厚l，获得对应各层的填充域信息集{Ri}，以宽度w分割各层填充域{Ri}，最终将各切片层统一切分为由回形壁和若干矩形填充条构成的几何集{Mi}，其中各层所有矩形填充条构成的集合为填充体{Si}；采用的连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案中所设定的填充单元体由步骤2所述的矩形填充条组成的矩形结构，每个矩形填充条标记有对应的材质，依据树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材和连续纤维预浸丝材分布的不同，单元体有三种设计结构：Step 2: Horizontally slice the target part with the printing layer thickness t, extract the outline shape information set {C i } of each layer, shrink the wall thickness l of the outline of each layer, and obtain the filling domain information set {R i } corresponding to each layer. , divide each layer's filling domain {R i } with the width w, and finally divide each slice layer into a geometric set {M i } composed of a circular wall and several rectangular filling strips, in which all rectangular filling strips in each layer are composed of The set is the filling body {S i }; the filling unit body set in the continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme is a rectangular structure composed of the rectangular filling strips described in step 2, and each rectangular filling strip is marked with a corresponding According to the different distribution of resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire and continuous fiber prepreg wire, the unit body has three design structures: ①3×3单元体①3×3 unit body 第一层：低温、高温、低温，The first layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature, 第二层：高温、低温、高温，Second layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature, 第三层：低温、高温、低温；The third layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature; ②4×4单元体②4×4 unit body 第一层：低温、高温、高温、低温，The first layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature, 第二层：高温、低温、低温、高温，Second layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature, 第三层：高温、低温、低温、高温，The third layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature, 第四层：低温、高温、高温、低温；The fourth layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature; ③5×5单元体③5×5 unit body 第一层：低温、高温、高温、高温、低温，The first layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature, 第二层：高温、低温、低温、低温、高温，Second layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature, 第三层：高温、低温、高温、低温、高温，The third layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature, low temperature, high temperature, 第四层：高温、低温、低温、低温、高温，The fourth layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature, 第五层：低温、高温、高温、高温、低温；The fifth layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature; 步骤3：以选定的单元体类型对填充体{Si}以从上至下，从左至右的顺序进行填充；Step 3: Fill the filling body {S i } with the selected unit body type in order from top to bottom and from left to right; 步骤4：提取几何集{Mi}中的各几何形状的中心线均为一节打印路径，打印路径连接顺序为：单层是由外壁路径链接到填充域路径，其中填充域路径为由左至右顺序连接，将单层打印路径由底层至顶层顺序连接，形成目标制件整体打印路径；Step 4: Extract the center line of each geometric shape in the geometric set {M i } to be a printing path. The connection sequence of the printing paths is: the single layer is linked from the outer wall path to the filling domain path, where the filling domain path is from the left Connect sequentially to the right, and connect the single-layer printing paths sequentially from the bottom layer to the top layer to form the overall printing path of the target product; 步骤5：外壁路径标记为树脂或短纤增强树脂材质；步骤3中单元体中树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材和连续纤维预浸丝材部分分别标记到各自的打印路径中；步骤3中单元体无法对填充体{Si}填充的部分所对应的路径，标记为树脂或短纤增强树脂材质；至此完成所有打印路径材料的标记，即完成各节打印路径对应的打印头标记。Step 5: The outer wall path is marked with resin or short fiber reinforced resin material; in step 3, the resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament and continuous fiber prepreg filament parts in the unit body are marked into their respective printing paths; in step 3, the unit The path corresponding to the part where the body cannot fill the filling body {S i } is marked as resin or short fiber reinforced resin material; at this point, the marking of all printing path materials is completed, that is, the printing head marking corresponding to the printing path of each section is completed. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法，其特征在于，采用的树脂或短纤增强树脂材质为高温树脂，连续纤维预浸丝材的树脂基体为低温树脂，且低温树脂热分解温度应高于高温树脂熔点。2. A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the resin or short fiber reinforced resin material used is high-temperature resin, and the resin matrix of the continuous fiber prepreg filament is Low temperature resin, and the thermal decomposition temperature of low temperature resin should be higher than the melting point of high temperature resin. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法，其特征在于，打印完成后，对样件热处理温度范围设置在低温树脂熔点至高温树脂熔点之间。3. A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials according to claim 1, characterized in that after the printing is completed, the heat treatment temperature range of the sample is set between the melting point of the low-temperature resin and the melting point of the high-temperature resin.
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PCT/CN2024/083443 WO2024239787A1 (en) 2023-05-20 2024-03-25 Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature bi-material spatial distribution
LU507730A LU507730B1 (en) 2023-05-20 2024-03-25 A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual material

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