CN116608352A - Pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device and its design method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pipeline multi-directional adjustable dynamic vibration absorbing device and a design method thereof. The vibration absorbing device comprises a pair of semicircular vibration absorbing shells which can be symmetrically engaged with the outer wall of the pipeline. plate and a plurality of ribs, and a plurality of ribs are arranged between the inner circular arc plate and the outer circular arc plate along the radial direction of the vibration-absorbing shell, and a plurality of ribs are formed between two adjacent ribs A vibration-absorbing chamber for installing a vibration-absorbing assembly, the vibration-absorbing assembly includes a mass block and an elastic member, the mass block can rotate along the circumferential direction of the vibration-absorbing shell, and the elastic member is arranged along the circumferential direction of the shock-absorbing shell Between the mass block and the rib plate; the vibration absorption method fixes the vibration absorption device on the pipeline for vibration absorption.

Description

Pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device and its design method

technical field

The invention of this application belongs to the field of pipeline vibration control in nuclear power plants. It is mainly used for low-frequency and medium-frequency vibration control of in-service pipelines, absorbs pipeline vibration energy, reduces pipeline vibration displacement amplitude, and prevents vibration fatigue fracture of pipelines. It specifically relates to a multi-directional pipeline Tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device and its design method.

Background technique

In the pipelines of nuclear power plants, a large number of pipelines have low-frequency vibration problems. The vibration frequency is less than 30Hz, which poses serious safety hazards. Therefore, the dynamic vibration absorber studied in this project is mainly used to solve the low-frequency vibration problem of large-size pipelines in nuclear power plants, reduce the vibration amplitude of pipelines, and avoid vibration fatigue failure of small-size pipelines.

The dynamic vibration absorber is composed of three basic elements: mass, stiffness and damping. It can store and reduce the vibration energy of the main system by co-vibrating with the main system. For the main system, different dynamic vibration absorber parameters will have different vibration absorption effects, and the optimal vibration absorber parameters required by different main system parameters are also different. Therefore, in the process of design matching and optimization of the dynamic vibration absorber, in order to achieve a more ideal vibration absorption effect, it is necessary to design the parameters of the dynamic vibration absorber according to the vibration response of the main system.

The No. 719 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation has applied for the invention patent (Patent No. CN106122605A) of "A Pipeline Dynamic Vibration Absorber". It adopts the design of inner and outer double rings, the inner ring is set on the pipeline through clamp bolts, and the outer ring is connected with it through bolts; springs and sliders with a certain rigidity are arranged outside the bolts; the vibration of the pipeline is eliminated through the movement of the sliders and springs, realizing One-way damping action.

China University of Petroleum (Beijing) has applied for an invention patent (Patent Publication No. CN105570545A) of "Industrial Pipeline Dynamic Vibration Absorber", which consists of a steel plate bracket and an adjustable mass block. When the pipeline vibrates, the shock absorber vibrates to generate a reverse vibration inertial force, which reacts the inertial force to the pipeline, thereby suppressing the vibration of the pipeline and realizing the one-way vibration reduction effect.

Shanghai Jiaotong University has applied for the invention patent of "Variable Stiffness Variable Damping Tunable Dynamic Vibration Absorber" (Patent Publication No. CN106090098B), which consists of a fixed frame and double-ended electromagnetic variable damping components. By adjusting the stiffness to change the natural frequency of the shock absorber, and adjusting the electromagnetic damping to achieve the optimal damping ratio, the one-way vibration reduction effect is realized.

Wuhan University of Technology applied for an invention patent of "a frequency-adjustable broadband dynamic vibration absorber and its vibration absorption method" (patent publication number CN106051015B), which consists of a base, a screw, a vibration-absorbing unit, and a sliding metal plate, wherein the vibration-absorbing unit includes a mass block And elastic rubber damping plate; absorb vibration energy through the elasticity and damping characteristics of the rubber damping plate; by adjusting the thickness and position of the rubber plate, it can be applied to broadband vibration control. However, its structure and installation method are not suitable for pipeline structure vibration reduction.

Northwestern Polytechnical University has applied for the invention patent of "permanent eddy current energy-consuming dynamic vibration absorber" (patent number: CN105156532A), which is composed of linear bearings, permanent magnets, and coil springs. The resonance peak of the control system.

Harbin Engineering University has applied for the invention patent of "a variable damping hybrid dynamic shock absorber" (patent publication number CN104295651 B), which is composed of balls, grooves, permanent magnets, bases, etc., and the damping ratio can be adjusted to achieve optimal design .

Xi'an Jiaotong University published a paper "Design and Parameterization of New Adjustable Dynamic Vibration Absorber", which introduced a new type of adjustable dynamic vibration absorber, which is composed of flexible coil spring and magnetic negative stiffness spring, based on the steady-state equation and According to the criterion, the vibration absorber structure is designed to realize the effective limitation of low-frequency vibration.

In summary, the current design of dynamic vibration absorbers is basically based on two principles: 1) absorbing vibration energy through magnetic vibration absorption, and 2) counteracting pipeline vibration in reverse by generating inertial forces such as springs and steel plates. Among them, the cost of magnetic dynamic vibration absorbers is relatively high, and it is not suitable for the vibration reduction treatment of pipelines; dynamic vibration absorbers such as springs and steel plates are limited by the spring stiffness, mass block and space, and have a large-scale pipeline with a large mass. poor.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, in order to overcome the defects of existing vibration-absorbing devices, the present invention provides a pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device, which has a good vibration-absorbing effect on large-scale pipelines in nuclear power plants, can significantly reduce the vibration displacement amplitude of pipelines, and has It has the characteristics of compact structure, simple form and convenient installation.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A pipeline multi-directional adjustable dynamic vibration absorbing device, comprising two vibration absorbing units arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline, each of the vibration absorbing units includes a semi-circular vibration absorbing shell, and the vibration absorbing shell includes an inner circular arc plate and an outer circular arc plate And a plurality of ribs, the plurality of ribs are arranged between the inner circular arc plate and the outer circular arc plate along the radial direction of the vibration-absorbing shell, forming a space between two adjacent ribs In the shock-absorbing room where the shock-absorbing component is installed, the vibration-absorbing component includes a mass block and an elastic member, the mass block is rotatably arranged on the inner circular arc plate, and the elastic member is arranged between the mass block and the rib plate between. The two vibration-absorbing shells are spliced and stuck on the outer wall of the pipe. The inner circular arc plate is in direct contact with the outer wall of the pipe to transmit the vibration energy of the pipe while reacting the inertial force of the vibration absorber to the pipe. The outer circular arc plate can protect the free movement of the mass block from damage. External interference, while strengthening the overall rigidity of the device of the present invention, the ribs mainly connect the inner arc plate and the outer arc plate, and at the same time bear the reaction force generated during the compression and stretching of the elastic member; the mass block and the elastic member are the main shock-absorbing components , during the pipeline vibration process, the reverse inertial force is generated to offset the pipeline vibration energy, thereby reducing the vibration displacement amplitude of the pipeline, and the vibration-absorbing devices are arranged symmetrically, so that the two-way vibration reduction effect in the radial direction of the pipeline can be realized.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the mass block includes a hinge plate and a mass block body, the hinge plate is rotatably disposed on the inner circular arc plate, and the mass block body is disposed at the free end of the hinge plate.

In the above technical solution, further preferably, a hinge ring is provided on the inner circular arc plate, the hinge plate is arranged on the inner circular arc plate through the hinge ring, and the mass body can be hinged around the hinge ring. The ring rotates. The hinge plate and the inner arc plate are connected by a hinge ring, which is integrally machined, and the hinge ring is welded on the surface of the inner arc plate, that is, the hinge plate and the mass block body rotate around the hinge ring as a whole, and the mass block The body is installed on the free end of the hinge plate by welding.

In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the number of the hinge rings is two, and the two hinge rings are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the width direction of the outer wall surface of the inner circular arc plate, and the hinge plate Two sides in the width direction near one end of the inner arc plate are provided with hinged circular shafts for extending into the hinged ring, and the diameter of the hinged circular shaft is smaller than the inner diameter of the hinged ring. Among them, the surface roughness of the hinged circular shaft is Ra12.5.

In the above technical solution, further preferably, the circumferential distance between the axis line of the hinged circular shaft and one of the two ribs is equal to the distance between the axis line of the hinged circular shaft and the two ribs. The circumferential distance of the other one of the above-mentioned ribs. In a vibration-absorbing chamber, the hinge ring is located at half of the circumferential direction of the inner circular arc plate, that is, in the original state, the hinge plate and the mass block body are located in the middle of the vibration-absorbing chamber, and the vibration-absorbing chamber is divided into Two parts of equal size.

In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the elastic members are provided on both sides of the hinge plate. Each hinged plate and the body of the mass block correspond to two elastic parts, and the two ribs in one vibration-absorbing chamber bear the reaction force generated during the compression and stretching of the elastic parts at the same time.

In the above technical solution, and further preferably, the elastic member is a coil spring, one end of the coil spring acts on the hinge plate, and the other end of the coil spring acts on the rib plate. The two ends of the coil spring are fixed on the hinge plate and the rib plate by welding.

In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the stiffness of the two coil springs on both sides of the hinge plate is equal.

In the above technical solution, further preferably, there is a distance between the inner wall surface of the outer circular arc plate and the mass body. When the medium inside the pipe is at high temperature, affected by the thermal expansion effect of the metal, the hinged plate of the vibration absorbing device will produce obvious radial expansion displacement, and the proper gap between the mass block body and the outer circular arc plate can ensure the free movement of the mass block.

In the above technical solution, further preferably, there are three ribs, and two adjacent ribs are separated by a quarter of a circle. There are three ribs in a vibration-absorbing shell, and the distance between two adjacent ribs is a quarter of a circle, that is, each vibration-absorbing unit has two vibration-absorbing chambers in a vibration-absorbing shell, and the number of hinge plates and mass block bodies is two. In the original state, the two hinged plates and the two mass block bodies are also spaced by a quarter of a circle.

The present invention also provides a design method of a pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device, which includes the following steps:

Taking reducing the vibration displacement amplitude in a certain direction of the pipeline as an example, the calculation process of the design parameters is as follows:

1) First, according to the expected pipeline vibration damping effect, determine the ratio of mass body to pipeline weight according to formulas (1) to (3), and then determine the mass M of mass body; where X is the expected vibration displacement value, X _st is the vibration displacement value of the pipeline, μ is the mass ratio, and M _S is the ratio of the pipeline mass.

(X/X _st )＝0.827(μ+0.02) ^-0.62 (1)

2) Determine the frequency ratio λ ₁ and λ ₂ of the mass block body and the spring assembly of the vibration absorber through empirical optimal demodulation formulas (4) to (7), and then determine the natural frequency; where λ ₁ and λ ₂ are two symmetrical The ratio of the natural frequencies f ₁ and f ₂ of the assembly to the vibration frequency ₁ f ₀ of the pipeline, where ₁ f ₀ is obtained through field testing.

λ ₁ =0.403(μ+0.131) ^-0.437 (4)

λ ₂ =-0.72μ+1.03 (5)

f ₁ =λ ₁ f ₀ (6)

f ₂ =λ ₂ f ₀ (7)

3) Calculate the stiffness K ₁ and K ₂ of the spring through formula (8) and formula (9), K ₁ is the spring stiffness corresponding to one of the hinge plates/mass blocks, and K ₂ is the spring stiffness of the hinge plate/mass block at the symmetrical position Spring rate, with both hinge plates in the same plane.

Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention is beneficial in that: the pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device of the present invention, the inner circular arc plate, the outer circular arc plate and the rib plate constitute the shock absorbing chamber , the vibration absorbing chamber is equipped with a vibration absorbing assembly including a mass block and an elastic member. The inner circular arc plate is in direct contact with the outer wall of the pipeline, transmitting the vibration energy of the pipeline while reacting the inertial force of the vibration absorber to the pipeline, and the outer circular arc plate protects the free movement of the mass block. It is free from external interference and at the same time strengthens the overall rigidity of the device of the present invention. The ribs are used to connect the inner circular arc plate and the outer circular arc plate, and at the same time bear the reaction force generated during the compression and stretching of the elastic member. During the vibration of the pipeline, The mass blocks and elastic parts produce reverse inertia force to offset the vibration energy of the pipeline, thereby reducing the vibration displacement amplitude of the pipeline, and the vibration-absorbing device is arranged symmetrically, so that the two-way vibration reduction effect in the radial direction of the pipeline can be realized, thus greatly affecting the nuclear power plant. The vibration absorption effect of standard pipelines is good, which can significantly reduce the vibration displacement amplitude of pipelines.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vibration-absorbing shell in a pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

In the drawings: inner arc plate-100, outer arc plate-200, first rib plate-310, second rib plate-320, third rib plate-330, first coil spring-410, second coil spring -420, hinge plate -431, mass block body -432, hinge ring -500.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described implementation Examples are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment: A multi-directional adjustable dynamic vibration absorbing device for pipelines, including two vibration-absorbing units arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline, each vibration-absorbing unit includes a semi-circular vibration-absorbing shell, and the two vibration-absorbing shells can be snapped on the outer wall of the pipeline to absorb vibration Refer to Figure 1 for the specific structure of the shell. The shock-absorbing shell includes an inner arc plate 100, an outer arc plate 200, a first rib 310, a second rib 320 and a third rib 330, the first rib 310, the second rib The plate 320 and the third rib 330 are arranged between the inner circular arc plate 100 and the outer circular arc plate 200 along the radial direction of the vibration-absorbing shell, wherein the first rib 310 and the third rib 330 are provided with 4 bolts , used to combine the two parts of the vibration-absorbing shell into one and install it on the outer wall of the pipeline. Between the first rib 310 and the second rib 320 and between the second rib 320 and the third rib 330 are formed vibration-absorbing chambers for installing vibration-absorbing components, that is, two vibration-absorbing chambers are arranged in one vibration-absorbing shell, and the two The two vibration-absorbing chambers have the same size, the first rib 310 and the second rib 320 are separated by a quarter of the circumference, and the second rib 320 and the third rib 330 are separated by a quarter of the circumference.

The vibration-absorbing assembly in each vibration-absorbing chamber includes a hinged plate, a mass body and two coil springs. The following specifically takes the vibration-absorbing chamber formed between the first rib 310 and the second rib 320 as an example to describe the vibration-absorbing assembly. In detail, the vibration absorbing assembly includes a mass block, a first coil spring 410 and a second coil spring 420 , and the mass block includes a hinge plate 431 and a mass block body 432 disposed at the free end of the hinge plate 431 . The surface of the inner circular arc plate 100 is welded with two identical hinge rings 500, and the two hinge rings 500 are respectively symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the width direction of the outer wall surface of the inner circular arc plate 100, and the hinge plate 431 is arranged through the hinge rings 500. On the inner circular arc plate 100, specifically, the two sides of the width direction of the hinge plate 431 near the end of the inner circular arc plate 100 are provided with hinged circular shafts for extending into the two hinged rings 500, the diameter of the hinged circular shafts is less than The inner diameter of the hinge ring 500 , the hinge plate 431 and the mass body 432 can rotate around the hinge ring 500 . Wherein, the circumferential distance between the axis of the hinged circular shaft and the first rib 310 is equal to the circumferential distance between the axis of the hinged circular shaft and the second rib 320 . The mass block body 432 is welded to the free end of the hinge plate 431, and there is a distance between the inner wall surface of the outer arc plate 200 and the mass block body 432. When the medium inside the pipeline is in a high temperature state, affected by the thermal expansion effect of the metal, the vibration absorbing device The hinge plate 431 will produce obvious radial expansion displacement, and an appropriate gap between the mass body 432 and the outer arc plate 200 can ensure the free movement of the mass. One end of the first coil spring 410 is welded to the hinge plate 431, the other end of the first coil spring 410 is welded to the first rib 310, one end of the second coil spring 420 is welded to the hinge plate 431, and the other end of the second coil spring 420 The first coil spring 410 and the second coil spring 420 on both sides of the hinge plate 431 are welded to the second rib plate 320 and have equal rigidity. Of course, the vibration-absorbing chamber formed between the second rib 320 and the third rib 330 also has the same structure. The first rib bears the reaction force generated during the compression and stretching of the coil spring at the same time. In the original state, the two hinged plates and the two mass block bodies in a vibration-absorbing shell are also spaced by a quarter of a circle.

The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device of this embodiment is composed of two vibration absorbing units, each vibration absorbing unit includes a semi-circular vibration absorbing shell, and the two above vibration absorbing shells are fastened on the pipeline, and each vibration absorbing shell is provided with 2 vibration-absorbing chambers, each vibration-absorbing chamber is composed of two ribs, an outer arc plate and an inner arc plate, and the distance between two adjacent ribs is a quarter of a circle. Each vibration-absorbing chamber is equipped with a mass body, a hinge plate, and 2 coil springs to form a vibration-absorbing assembly, so each vibration-absorbing shell is equipped with 2 mass bodies, 2 hinge plates, and 4 coil springs. In the original state, the two hinged plates in one vibration-absorbing shell and the bodies of two adjacent mass blocks are spaced apart by a quarter of a circle. Therefore, the vibration-absorbing device is provided with 4 vibration-absorbing chambers, including the first vibration-absorbing chamber, the second vibration-absorbing chamber, the third vibration-absorbing chamber and the fourth vibration-absorbing chamber in the clockwise direction. The first vibration-absorbing chamber and the third vibration-absorbing chamber are along the pipe The radially symmetrical arrangement, the second vibration-absorbing chamber and the fourth vibration-absorbing chamber are arranged symmetrically along the radial direction of the pipeline. Obviously, there are 4 mass block bodies, 4 hinged plates, and 8 coil springs installed in total. Specifically, the same hinged The stiffness of the helical springs on both sides of the plate is equal, and by adjusting the weight of the mass body and the stiffness of the helical springs, the optimal coherence of the frequency can be achieved, thereby achieving the maximum vibration reduction effect. The multi-directional adjustable dynamic vibration absorbing device for the pipeline is symmetrically arranged, and each hinged plate, mass block body, and hinged plate are spaced apart by a quarter of a circle, so that the two-way vibration reduction effect in the radial direction of the pipeline can be realized. And by adjusting the installation angle, such as one of the hinged plates is perpendicular to the direction of the maximum vibration displacement (the maximum vibration displacement and direction can be obtained through the vibrometer in the prior art), the maximum vibration reduction effect can be achieved.

Confirmation of the design parameters of the pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device:

Taking reducing the vibration displacement amplitude in a certain direction of the pipeline as an example, the calculation process of the design parameters is as follows:

1) First, according to the expected pipeline vibration damping effect, determine the ratio of mass body to pipeline weight according to formulas (1) to (3), and then determine the mass M of mass body; where X is the expected vibration displacement value, X _st is the vibration displacement value of the pipeline, μ is the mass ratio, and M _S is the ratio of the pipeline mass.

(X/X _st )＝0.827(μ+0.02) ^-0.62 (1)

2) Determine the frequency ratio λ ₁ and λ ₂ of the mass block body and the spring assembly of the vibration absorber through empirical optimal demodulation formulas (4) to (7), and then determine the natural frequency; where λ ₁ and λ ₂ are two symmetrical The ratio of the natural frequencies f ₁ and f ₂ of the assembly to the vibration frequency ₁ f ₀ of the pipeline, where ₁ f ₀ is obtained through field testing.

λ ₁ =0.403(μ+0.131) ^-0.437 (4)

λ ₂ =-0.72μ+1.03 (5)

f ₁ =λ ₁ f ₀ (6)

f ₂ =λ ₂ f ₀ (7)

3) Calculate the stiffness K ₁ and K ₂ of the spring through formula (8) and formula (9), K ₁ is the spring stiffness corresponding to one of the hinge plates/mass blocks, and K ₂ is the spring stiffness of the hinge plate/mass block at the symmetrical position Spring rate, with both hinge plates in the same plane.

Assembling of pipeline multidirectional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device:

The assembly process is as follows:

1) Determine the length, width and thickness of the mass block body according to the weight M of the mass block body and the on-site installation space, and then determine the radius size of the outer circular arc plate;

2) Determine the lengths of the first rib, the second rib and the third rib, the length of which is equal to the radius of the outer arc plate - the radius of the inner arc plate;

3) Determine the length of the hinge plate, which is equal to the radius of the outer arc plate—the radius of the inner arc plate—the length of the mass block body—the reserved space;

4) According to K ₁ , K ₂ and the radius of the outer circular arc plate, determine the length of the coil spring, wire diameter, spacing and other parameters, and select the appropriate coil spring product;

5) Weld the hinge plate and the mass block body, wherein the welding position coincides with the center line of the mass block;

6) The hinge plate and the inner arc plate are linked together by the hinge ring, wherein the hinge ring is welded on the inner arc plate, and the hinge plate can rotate freely around the hinge ring;

7) Weld the first rib, the second rib and the third rib to the inner circular arc plate, and each rib is spaced at 45°;

8) Weld the coil spring on the hinged plate and the ribs on both sides;

9) Install the outer arc plate.

This embodiment also discloses a pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorption method. After assembling the above-mentioned pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorption device, it is fixed on the pipeline for vibration absorption. Adjust the installation angle of the vibration absorbing device according to the vibration displacement and direction, such as placing one of the hinge plates perpendicular to the maximum vibration displacement direction to achieve the maximum vibration reduction effect.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A pipeline multi-directional adjustable dynamic vibration absorbing device, characterized in that it comprises two vibration-absorbing units arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline, each of the vibration-absorbing units includes a semi-circular vibration-absorbing shell, and the vibration-absorbing shell includes an inner arc plate, an outer arc plate, and a plurality of ribs, and a plurality of ribs are arranged between the inner arc plate and the outer arc plate along the radial direction of the vibration-absorbing shell, and two adjacent ribs A vibration-absorbing chamber for installing a vibration-absorbing assembly is formed between the ribs. The vibration-absorbing assembly includes a mass block and an elastic member. The mass block is rotatably arranged on the inner circular arc plate, and the elastic member is arranged on the mass block. between the ribs. 2. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the mass block includes a hinged plate and a mass block body, and the hinged plate is rotatably arranged on the inner circular arc plate, so that The mass block body is arranged at the free end of the hinge plate. 3. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that a hinge ring is arranged on the inner circular arc plate, and the hinge plate is arranged on the inner circular arc through the hinge ring On the plate, the mass block body can rotate around the hinge ring. 4. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of said hinged rings is two, and the two said hinged rings are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of said inner arc plate respectively. Two ends of the width direction of the wall surface, the two sides of the width direction of the one end of the hinge plate close to the inner arc plate are provided with hinged circular shafts for extending into the hinged ring, the diameter of the hinged circular shaft is smaller than the The inside diameter of the hinge ring described above. 5. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the circumferential distance between the axis of the hinged circular shaft and one of the two ribs is equal to the The circumferential distance between the axis of the hinged circular shaft and the other one of the two ribs. 6 . The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device according to claim 5 , wherein the elastic members are provided on both sides of the hinge plate. 7 . 7. The pipeline multi-directional adjustable dynamic vibration absorbing device according to claim 6, wherein the elastic member is a coil spring, one end of the coil spring acts on the hinge plate, and the other end of the coil spring acts on the Ribs. 8. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration-absorbing device according to claim 7, characterized in that the stiffness of the two coil springs on both sides of the hinge plate is equal. 9. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device according to claim 8, characterized in that there is a distance between the inner wall surface of the outer circular arc plate and the body of the mass block. 10. The pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device according to claim 9, characterized in that there are three ribs, and two adjacent ribs are separated by a quarter of a circle. 11. A method for designing a pipeline multi-directional tunable dynamic vibration absorbing device, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) First, according to the expected pipeline vibration damping effect, determine the ratio of mass body to pipeline weight according to formulas (1) to (3), and then determine the mass M of mass body; where X is the expected vibration displacement value, X _st is the vibration displacement value of the pipeline, μ is the mass ratio, M _S is the ratio of the pipeline mass; (X/X _st )＝0.827(μ+0.02) ^-0.62 (1) 2) Determine the frequency ratio λ ₁ and λ ₂ of the mass block body and the spring assembly of the vibration absorber through empirical optimal demodulation formulas (4) to (7), and then determine the natural frequency; where λ ₁ and λ ₂ are two The ratio of the natural frequencies f ₁ and f ₂ of the symmetrical assembly to the vibration frequency ₁ f ₀ of the pipeline; λ ₁ =0.403(μ+0.131) ^-0.437 (4) λ ₂ =-0.72μ+1.03 (5) f ₁ =λ ₁ f ₀ (6) f ₂ =λ ₂ f ₀ (7) 3) Calculate the stiffness K ₁ and K ₂ of the spring through formula (8) and formula (9), K ₁ is the spring stiffness corresponding to one of the hinge plates/mass blocks, and K ₂ is the spring stiffness of the hinge plate/mass block at the symmetrical position spring rate, with both hinge plates in the same plane;