CN116586702A - Micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite machining tool and machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-milling assisted electrolytic compound processing tool and a processing method, which belong to the field of electrolytic mechanical compound processing. In the micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, at least two cathode claw arms are distributed in the circumferential direction of the tool cathode, the insulating base is fixed in the base installation cavity, the milling blade clamping base is fixed on the insulating base, and the milling blade is fixed on the insulating base. The blade clamping base has a chip removal groove between adjacent cathode claw arms, and the milling blade is correspondingly installed on the side wall of the milling blade clamping base close to the chip removal groove. The milling blade and the cathode claw arm are organically combined as a whole, which has the advantages of convenient assembly, high assembly accuracy, and high overall strength after assembly; moreover, the electrolyte enters the processing gap from the end face of the cathode claw arm, and the flow field of the electrolyte is evenly distributed. The cutting edge of the milling insert protrudes from the cathode claw arm, which can quickly peel off the passivation film produced by electrolysis, and the peeled passivation film can be taken out by the electrolyte through the chip removal groove, which effectively improves the processing accuracy and processing efficiency.

Description

A micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool and machining method

technical field

The invention relates to an electrochemical-mechanical composite processing technology, and more specifically, relates to a micro-milling-assisted electrolytic composite processing tool and a processing method.

Background technique

With the continuous development of metal material manufacturing technology, new metal materials are constantly pouring into aerospace, military machinery, biomedical equipment and other fields. These metal materials have excellent mechanical properties and are extremely difficult to process. Traditional machining methods have been difficult to meet the high-precision and high-efficiency processing requirements of these difficult-to-machine materials. At the same time, when traditional machining methods face mass processing of metal parts, the wear and frequent replacement of tools will make the processing cost significant. Increase.

Electrolytic machining is a processing method that uses metal anodes to dissolve in the electrolyte to remove materials and process parts into target shapes. The current electrolytic machining machine tools mainly use the method of combining numerical control systems and electrolytic machining devices to realize the machining of parts. Contouring. Compared with traditional processing methods, electrolytic processing has the advantages of low loss, no processing deformation, no burrs, no thermal stress, and simple tooling. Therefore, ECM technology has broad application prospects in processing complex curved surfaces, deburring and chamfering, and mass processing. But at the same time, there are also passivation layers on the surface of some metal materials that cannot be directly electrolytically processed, and composite processing methods are required, such as titanium alloys.

With the continuous development of electrolytic technology, a variety of new electrolytic composite machining methods have been proposed: vibration-assisted electrolytic machining, electrolytic grinding, and electrolytic EDM. These composite processing techniques combine traditional processing methods with electrolytic processing, which solves many processing problems to a certain extent and reduces processing costs. However, for some metal materials that are easily passivated such as titanium alloys, the above-mentioned electrolytic composite processing method cannot completely solve the problem. Therefore, in recent years, an electrolysis-micro-milling composite machining process has also been proposed, which uses electrolysis to generate a passivation film, and then uses micro-milling to remove the passivation film by mechanical milling, and electrolysis and micro-milling are performed alternately. Based on the above electrolytic-micro-milling composite processing principle, many specific implementations have been disclosed, such as the "High Efficiency Precision Electrolytic Mechanical Combined Milling Method and Device" disclosed in Chinese Patent No. ZL201910195788.9, and the one disclosed in Chinese Patent No. "Tool cathode and method of use for electrochemical discharge mechanical milling composite processing" and "electrolytic milling-electrolytic mechanical composite milling integrated processing method" disclosed in Chinese patent number ZL202010581011. It is more inclined to the research of processing technology, and the design of processing tools is relatively small or simple. Most of them are based on the simple setting of processing tools based on the principle of electrolysis-micro-milling composite processing. The working state, tool making, tool processing stability, and electrolysis-micro-milling matching are less considered, and these design factors of the processing tool itself are very important for actual processing applications. The main disadvantages of existing electrolysis-micro-milling composite processing tools are:

1) The electrolytic cathode and the milling blade are insulated, that is, the milling blade does not participate in electrochemical processing. At present, there are mainly two methods of using insulated milling blades and alloy milling blades. Insulated milling blades generally use hard ceramics The material has high cost and high brittleness. Although the passivation film produced by electrolysis has low hardness and is easy to peel off, there is a possibility of direct contact between the milling blade and the workpiece during actual processing, which may easily lead to chipping damage of the milling blade; Alloy milling inserts are mature in application, but they need to be installed with insulating pads and fixed with insulating screws, etc., resulting in a reduction in the installation strength of the milling inserts, and they are also easy to loosen and be damaged in actual use;

2) Most of the milling blades are located on the outer periphery of the electrolysis cathode, and the actual electrolysis working surface is larger than the micro-milling processing surface of the milling blades, which may easily lead to the untimely stripping of the passivation film in the electrolysis area by the milling blades, which may lead to electrolysis The processing uniformity becomes poor, which affects the processing surface accuracy;

3) Due to the addition of milling blades, the position of the electrolyte injection hole of the electrolytic cathode changes, which makes it difficult to control the electrolyte flow field in the electrolytic machining gap and easily affects the electrolytic machining accuracy.

For this reason, it is necessary to design a processing tool that can meet the electrolysis-micro-milling composite processing and is suitable for practical applications.

Contents of the invention

1. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool and processing method, to solve the shortcomings of existing electrolytic-micro-milling composite processing tools such as easy damage and poor electrolytic machining accuracy. The blade is installed on the insulating base through the clamping base of the milling blade, and the insulating base is installed in the base installation cavity of the tool cathode, and the cathode claw arm of the tool cathode is located outside the insulating base, so that the milling blade and the cathode The claw arm forms an organic whole, which has the advantages of convenient assembly, high assembly precision, and high overall strength after assembly. The mechanical cutting force of the milling blade can be transmitted to the entire processing tool through the cathode claw arm, and the processing is stable and not easy to be damaged; and, The electrolyte enters the processing gap from the end face of the cathode claw arm, and the flow field of the electrolyte is evenly distributed. During the rotation of the processing tool, the electrolysis and micro-milling can be alternately realized, and the electrolysis processing area corresponds to the micro-milling processing area, which effectively improves the electrolysis- Machining accuracy and machining efficiency of micro-milling compound machining.

2. Technical solution

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme provided by the invention is:

A micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention includes a tool holder, a tool cathode, an insulating base, a milling blade clamping base and a milling blade, and the tool cathode is coaxially mounted on the cutter holder through a fastener Below the tool cathode, there are at least two cathode claw arms distributed in the circumferential direction of the tool, and there is a base installation cavity inside each cathode claw arm, the insulating base is fixed in the base installation cavity, and the milling blade is installed The clamping base is fixed on the insulating base, and the insulating base has an insulating arm clamped between the milling blade clamping base and the corresponding cathode claw arm, and the milling blade clamping base has an adjacent The chip removal groove between the cathode claw arms, the milling blades are correspondingly installed on the side wall of the milling blade clamping base close to the chip removal groove, and the end face cutting edges of each milling blade protrude from the cathode claw The end face of the arm and the side cutting edge of each milling blade protrude from the outer circumference formed by the rotation of the cathode claw arm; each end face of the cathode claw arm is provided with a liquid outlet.

Furthermore, the cross section of the cathode claw arm is fan-shaped, the outer wall of each cathode claw arm is located on the same cylindrical surface, and the milling blade is located on the ring formed by the rotation of the cathode claw arm on the axial projection plane .

Furthermore, the liquid outlet is located at the center of the end surface of the cathode claw arm, and the liquid outlet is a thin crescent-shaped structure extending in the circumferential direction.

Furthermore, the milling blade is mounted on the milling blade clamping base through the milling blade locking screw, and the milling blade clamping base has a blade mounting surface for positioning the milling blade, so The blade mounting surface is a plane passing through the tool cathode axis.

Furthermore, the axis of the locking screw of the milling insert is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the insert.

Furthermore, the material of the insulating base is epoxy resin, the material of the clamping base of the milling blade is cemented carbide, and the clamping base of the milling blade is axially locked by the chip removal groove. Tight base locking screws are secured to the insulating base.

Furthermore, the end face cutting edge of the milling blade protrudes from the end face of the cathode claw arm by 0.25±0.05mm; the side cutting edge of the milling blade protrudes from the outer circumference formed by the rotation of the cathode claw arm by 0.25±0.05mm.

Furthermore, the lower end of the tool bar has a tool bar flange, and the upper end of the tool cathode has a cathode flange, and the tool bar flange and the cathode flange are fixedly connected by bolt fasteners and positioning pins; There is a central hole in the center of the tool rod, and a shunt channel connected to the corresponding liquid outlet is provided on the cathode of the tool, and a liquid distribution channel for connecting the central hole and each shunt channel is provided between the flange of the knife rod and the cathode flange. cavity, and a sealing ring for sealing the cloth liquid cavity is also provided between the cutter rod flange and the cathode flange.

A processing method of a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention comprises the following steps:

S1. Install the above-mentioned micro-milling-assisted electrolytic composite machining tool on the main shaft of the machine tool through the tool handle assembly, clamp and fix the workpiece on the machine tool table, and connect the micro-milling-assisted electrolytic composite machining tool to the negative pole of the DC power supply through the tool handle assembly. Connect to the positive pole of the DC power supply;

S2. Set the electrolysis and micro-milling compound processing parameters, control the rotation of the machine tool spindle, drive the micro-milling auxiliary electrolysis compound processing tool to maintain high-speed rotation through the tool holder assembly, and feed according to the preset speed and direction, and at the same time turn on the electrolysis power supply to control the electrolysis The liquid enters the processing area from the liquid outlet, and the electrolytic machining is performed by the cathode claw arm, and the passivation layer generated by electrolysis on the surface of the workpiece is removed by the milling blade. The electrolytic machining of the cathode claw arm and the micro-milling of the milling blade are carried out alternately during the processing .

Furthermore, the knife handle assembly includes a knife handle, a spring collet and a conductive sliding sleeve, the spring collet is arranged at the lower part of the knife handle, and the knife rod is locked and fixed under the knife handle through the spring collet, so that The conductive sliding sleeve is set on the outside of the handle, and is tightly matched with the rotation of the handle. The conductive sliding sleeve is provided with a catheter and a conductive column, and a liquid hole is provided on the side wall of the handle. The catheter tube communicates with the liquid hole through the cavity between the conductive sliding sleeve and the knife handle, and the liquid hole communicates with the liquid outlet on the cathode claw arm through the electrolyte flow channel in the center of the knife handle; the conductive column Connect to the negative pole of the DC power supply.

3. Beneficial effect

Compared with the existing known technology, the technical solution provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:

(1) A micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite machining tool of the present invention, which includes a tool holder, a tool cathode, an insulating base, a milling blade clamping base and a milling blade, and the tool cathode is circumferentially distributed with at least two cathodes The claw arm is located on the inner side of each cathode claw arm and has a base installation cavity, the insulating base is fixed in the base installation cavity, the milling blade clamping base is fixed on the insulating base, and the insulating base has a The insulating arm between the clamping base and the corresponding cathode claw arm, the milling blade clamping base has a chip removal groove between the adjacent cathode claw arms, and the milling blade is correspondingly installed on the milling blade clamping base On the side wall close to the chip flute, the composite tool structure is adopted, and the milling blade and the cathode claw arm are organically combined as a whole, which has the advantages of convenient assembly, high assembly precision, and high overall strength after combination. The cutting force can be transmitted to the entire processing tool through the cathode claw arm, and the processing is stable and not easy to be damaged; moreover, the electrolyte enters the machining gap from the end face of the cathode claw arm, and the flow field of the electrolyte is evenly distributed, and the cutting edge of the milling blade protrudes from the The cathode claw arm can quickly peel off the passivation film produced by electrolysis, and the peeled passivation film can be taken out by the electrolyte through the chip removal groove, and the electrolysis and micro-milling alternately are realized during the rotation of the processing tool, and the electrolysis processing area Corresponding to the micro-milling processing area, it effectively improves the processing accuracy and processing efficiency of electrolysis-micro-milling composite processing;

(2) In the micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, the cross section of the cathode claw arm is fan-shaped, and the outer walls of each cathode claw arm are located on the same cylindrical surface, so that the rotation performance of the processing tool is stable, and the high-speed rotation is not easy to shake ;The milling blade is located on the ring formed by the rotation of the cathode claw arm on the axial projection plane, and the electrolysis area coincides with the micro-milling area, which further ensures that the passivation film produced in the electrolysis area is quickly peeled off, and the non-electrolysis area is not processed. Milling, the non-milling area does not undergo electrolysis, which further ensures the uniformity of processing and improves the accuracy of the processed surface;

(3) A kind of micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, its liquid outlet is positioned at the center of the end face of cathode claw arm, and the liquid outlet is the slender crescent structure that extends circumferentially, makes the liquid outlet eject The electrolyte is fan-shaped, which can make the electrolyte flow field in the electrolytic processing area corresponding to the cathode claw arm uniform, further improving the uniformity of electrolytic processing and ensuring the processing accuracy;

(4) A micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, its milling blade is installed on the milling blade clamping base by the milling blade locking screw, and the milling blade clamping base has a The insert mounting surface of the milling insert is the plane passing through the tool cathode axis. This design can improve the stress of the milling insert, ensure the effective transmission of the reaction force generated by the milling process, and further improve the milling insert. processing stability;

(5) A micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, the axis of the locking screw of the milling blade is perpendicular to the blade mounting surface, which ensures that the locking of the milling blade is more firm and stable;

(6) A kind of micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, the material of its insulating base is epoxy resin, the material of milling blade clamping base is cemented carbide, and milling blade clamping base passes through The base locking screw, which is axially locked at the chip removal groove, is fixed on the insulating base, which is simple and convenient to assemble, firm and reliable to connect, and has a long service life;

(7) A kind of micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, the end face cutting edge of its milling blade protrudes the end face of cathode claw arm 0.25 ± 0.05mm; The formed outer circumference is 0.25±0.05mm, which can ensure that the milling blade can quickly remove the passivation film and improve the efficiency of electrolytic machining;

(8) A kind of micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention, the lower end of its tool bar has tool bar flange, the upper end of tool cathode has cathode flange, is fastened by bolt between tool bar flange and cathode flange The tool holder and the positioning pin are fixedly connected, the tool rod and the tool cathode are easily disassembled, and the tool cathode is convenient to replace, and the connection between the two is high in coaxiality, which improves the rotation stability of the processing tool; the center of the tool rod has a center hole, and the tool cathode has a It is connected to the shunt channel corresponding to the liquid outlet. There is a liquid distribution chamber for connecting the center hole and each shunt channel between the knife rod flange and the cathode flange. There is also a sealing cloth chamber between the knife bar flange and the cathode flange. The sealing ring of the liquid chamber and the design of the electrolyte flow channel are simple and reasonable, and the pressure of the electrolyte distributed to each branch channel through the liquid distribution chamber is uniform, which can further improve the uniformity of the electrolyte flow field and improve the processing accuracy;

(9) The processing method of a micro-milling-assisted electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention has good rotation stability of the processing tool, uniform electrolytic processing electric field, and the generated passivation film can be peeled off by rapid milling, with high processing efficiency and good processing accuracy , especially suitable for the processing of difficult-to-machine metals such as titanium alloys that are easily passivated.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of axial projection of a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the processing principle of a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the handle of the present invention.

Explanation of the labels in the schematic diagram:

1. Cutter rod; 1-1. Cutter rod flange; 1-2. Center hole; 1-3. Cloth liquid cavity; 2. Tool cathode; 2-1. Cathode flange; 2-2. Cathode claw arm; 2-3, liquid outlet; 2-4, shunt channel; 3, bolt; 4, nut; 5, insulating base; 5-1, insulating arm; 6, milling blade clamping base; 6-1, Chip flute; 6-2, blade mounting surface; 7, base locking screw; 8, milling blade; 9, milling blade locking screw; 10, positioning pin; 11, sealing ring; 12, tool handle; 12-1. Liquid hole; 13. Spring collet; 14. Conductive sleeve; 14-1. Catheter; 14-2. Conductive column; 15. DC power supply; 16. Workpiece.

Detailed ways

In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[Example]

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite machining tool of this embodiment includes a tool holder 1, a tool cathode 2, an insulating base 5, a milling blade clamping base 6 and a milling blade. The blade 8 and the tool cathode 2 are coaxially installed under the cutter bar 1 through fasteners, and the whole can be disassembled. The tool cathode 2 is distributed with at least two cathode claw arms 2-2 in the circumferential direction, and is located on each cathode claw arm 2-2. The inner side of 2 has a base installation cavity, and the cathode claw arm 2-2 is best evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the insulating base 5 is fixed in the base installation cavity, and the milling blade clamping base 6 is fixed on the insulating base 5 , the insulating base 5 has an insulating arm 5-1 clamped between the milling blade clamping base 6 and the corresponding cathode claw arm 2-2, so that the milling blade clamping base 6 and the tool cathode 2 are insulated; The milling blade clamping base 6 has a chip removal groove 6-1 between adjacent cathode claw arms 2-2, and the milling blade 8 is correspondingly installed on the milling blade clamping base 6 close to the chip removal groove 6 -1 on the side wall, and the end face cutting edge of each milling blade 8 protrudes from the end face of the cathode claw arm 2-2, and the side cutting edge of each milling blade 8 protrudes from the cathode claw arm 2-2 to rotate The formed outer circumference; the end face of each cathode claw arm 2-2 is provided with a liquid outlet 2-3 for providing electrolyte to the electrolytic gap. With the above-mentioned compound tool structure, the milling blade 8 and the cathode claw arm 2-2 are organically combined as a whole, which has the advantages of convenient assembly, high assembly precision, and high overall strength after assembly. The mechanical cutting force of the milling blade 8 can pass through the cathode The claw arm 2-2 is transmitted to the entire processing tool, and the processing is stable and not easy to be damaged; moreover, the electrolyte enters the machining gap from the end face of the cathode claw arm 2-2, and the flow field of the electrolyte is evenly distributed, and the cutting edge of the milling blade 8 is convex Because of the cathode claw arm 2-2, the passivation film generated by electrolysis can be quickly peeled off, and the peeled passivation film can be taken out by the electrolyte through the chip removal groove 6-1, and the electrolysis and electrolysis are realized during the rotation of the processing tool. The micro-milling alternates, and the electrolytic machining area corresponds to the micro-milling machining area, which effectively improves the machining accuracy and machining efficiency of the electrolytic-micro-milling combined machining.

Referring to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the cross-section of the cathode claw arm 2-2 is fan-shaped, and the outer side walls of each cathode claw arm 2-2 are located on the same cylindrical surface, so that the rotation performance of the processing tool is stable, and the high-speed rotation is not easy. shake. The milling blade 8 is located on the ring formed by the rotation of the cathode claw arm 2-2 on the axial projection plane, and the electrolysis area coincides with the micro-milling area, which further ensures that the passivation film produced in the electrolysis area is quickly peeled off, and is not electrolyzed. The area is not milled, and the non-milled area is not electrolyzed, which further ensures the uniformity of processing and improves the accuracy of the processed surface. The liquid outlet 2-3 is located at the center of the end face of the cathode claw arm 2-2, and the liquid outlet 2-3 is a slender crescent-shaped structure extending in the circumferential direction, so that the electrolyte ejected from the liquid outlet 2-3 is fan-shaped , can make the flow field of the electrolyte in the electrolytic machining area corresponding to the cathode claw arm 2-2 uniform, further improve the uniformity of the electrolytic machining, and ensure the machining accuracy. Further, the milling blade 8 is installed on the milling blade clamping base 6 through the milling blade locking screw 9, and the milling blade clamping base 6 has a blade mounting surface 6 for positioning the milling blade 8- 2. The blade mounting surface 6-2 is a plane passing through the axis of the tool cathode 2. Adopting this design can improve the stress situation of the milling insert 8 , ensure the effective transmission of the reaction force generated by the milling process, and further improve the processing stability of the milling insert 8 . The milling blade locking screw 9 preferably adopts stainless steel screws, and the axis of the milling blade locking screw 9 is perpendicular to the blade mounting surface 6-2, which ensures that the milling blade 8 is locked more firmly and stably.

In this embodiment, the material of the insulating base 5 is preferably epoxy resin, the material of the milling blade clamping base 6 is preferably cemented carbide, and the milling blade clamping base 6 passes through the chip removal groove 6-1 The base locking screw 7, which is axially locked at the position, is fixed on the insulating base 5. Epoxy resins are good insulators and easy to mold. The insulating base 5 and the tool cathode 2 can be connected in the following ways: one is that the insulating base 5 and the tool cathode 2 are integrally cast and connected, and at this time, the base locking screw 7 can be used to clamp the milling blade to the base 6 Fixed on the insulating base 5, the base locking screw 7 can be a stainless steel screw, at this time the base locking screw 7 does not penetrate the insulating base 5, avoiding contact with the tool cathode 2; the other is that the insulating base 5 and the tool The cathode 2 is assembled separately. At this time, the base locking screw 7 can be an insulated long screw, which passes through the milling blade clamping base 6 and the insulating base 5 in sequence, and then the knob is fixed on the tool cathode 2 to realize the integration of the three. Strong connection, easy and convenient assembly. The base locking screw 7 is arranged at the chip removal groove 6-1, and is arranged axially, so as to facilitate the locking operation of the base locking screw 7 . The material of the above-mentioned tool cathode 2 can be 304 stainless steel, and the material of the milling blade 8 can be coated hard alloy steel. In addition, in this embodiment, preferably, the end face cutting edge of the milling blade 8 protrudes from the end face of the cathode claw arm 2-2 by 0.25±0.05 mm; the side cutting edge of the milling blade 8 protrudes from the cathode claw arm 2-2 The outer circumference formed by the rotation is 0.25±0.05mm, which can ensure that the milling blade 8 can quickly strip off the passivation film and improve the efficiency of electrolytic machining.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in order to further facilitate the assembly of processing tools, the lower end of the tool bar 1 has a tool bar flange 1-1, the upper end of the tool cathode 2 has a cathode flange 2-1, and the tool bar flange 1-1 1 and the cathode flange 2-1 are fixedly connected by bolt fasteners and positioning pins 10. The bolt fastener includes a bolt 3 and a nut 4, and the bolt 3 runs through the cutter bar flange 1-1 and the cathode flange 2-1, and is locked and fixed by the nut 4, so that the cutter bar 1 and the tool cathode 2 are firmly connected together . The bolt 3 and the nut 4 are also preferably made of stainless steel. The positioning pin 10 is arranged between the cutter bar flange 1-1 and the cathode flange 2-1, generally two positioning pins 10 are arranged, and the cutter bar flange 1-1 and the cathode flange 2-1 are circumferentially fixed , to prevent eccentricity and ensure the coaxiality of the tool holder 1 and the tool cathode 2. By adopting the above-mentioned assembly structure, the tool rod and the tool cathode are easy to disassemble and assemble, and the tool cathode is convenient to replace, and the connection between the two has a high degree of coaxiality, which improves the rotation stability of the processing tool. Further referring to Fig. 2, the center of the cutter bar 1 has a central hole 1-2, the tool cathode 2 has a shunt channel 2-4 connected to the corresponding liquid outlet 2-3, the cutter bar flange 1-1 and the cathode flange There is a liquid distribution chamber 1-3 between the center hole 1-2 and each shunt channel 2-4 between the 2-1, and a seal between the knife rod flange 1-1 and the cathode flange 2-1. Cloth the sealing ring 11 of liquid cavity 1-3. During specific implementation, a circular groove can be arranged on the lower end surface of the knife bar flange 1-1, and after the knife bar flange 1-1 is connected with the cathode flange 2-1, a liquid distribution chamber is formed between the two 1-3, the electrolyte enters from the central hole 1-2, distributes through the liquid distribution chamber 1-3, and then distributes into the corresponding shunt channel 2-4, and finally sprays out from the liquid outlet 2-3. The direction of the electrolyte is as follows: Indicated by the "dotted arrow" in Figure 2. The design of the electrolyte flow channel is simple and reasonable, and the pressure of the electrolyte distributed to each sub-flow channel 2-4 through the liquid distribution chamber 1-3 is uniform, which can further improve the uniformity of the electrolyte flow field and improve the machining accuracy.

The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of this embodiment can be used for electrolytic machining of difficult-to-machine metals such as titanium alloys, and solves the problem that a series of easily passivated metals such as titanium alloys cannot be electrolytically machined. As shown in Figure 4, it shows the schematic diagram of micro-milling-assisted electrolytic hybrid machining. A processing method of a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

S1. Install the above-mentioned micro-milling-assisted electrolytic composite processing tool on the main shaft of the machine tool through the handle assembly, clamp and fix the workpiece 16 on the machine tool table, and connect the micro-milling-assisted electrolytic composite processing tool to the negative pole of the DC power supply 15 through the tool handle assembly , the workpiece 16 is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply 15;

S2. Set electrolytic and micro-milling compound processing parameters, such as electrolytic machining voltage, pulse frequency and duty cycle, spindle speed, electrolytic machining gap, etc. These processing parameters can be set through the machine tool control system according to specific processing needs; control the rotation of the machine tool spindle , through the handle assembly to drive the micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic compound processing tool to maintain high-speed rotation, and feed according to the preset speed and direction, and at the same time turn on the electrolytic power supply, control the electrolyte to enter the processing area from the liquid outlet 2-3, and the cathode claw The arm 2-2 performs electrolytic machining, and the passivation layer produced by electrolysis on the surface of the workpiece 16 is removed by the milling blade 8. The electrolytic machining of the cathode claw arm 2-2 and the micro-milling of the milling blade 8 are alternately performed during the machining process. Specifically, taking the processing of a titanium alloy workpiece as an example, the electrolyte can be 10% _NaNO3 aqueous solution, the electrolytic machining gap is set to 0.3 mm, and the end face cutting edge of the milling blade 8 protrudes 0.25 mm from the end face of the cathode claw arm 2-2 , so the cutting depth of the milling blade 8 is 0.05 mm, the surface of the workpiece 16 is electrolyzed by the cathode claw arm 2-2 to form a passivation film, and the resulting passivation film can be quickly peeled off by the milling blade 8 . Mechanical milling and electrolytic machining are alternately performed during the machining process to realize compound machining. The amount of mechanical milling in the processing process is very small, which greatly reduces the loss of the tool and reduces the processing cost; the electrolytic machining area is an open flow field, and the electrolyte fluidity is good; the final forming surface is completed by electrolytic machining. No mechanical residual stress.

Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the above-mentioned knife handle assembly includes a knife handle 12, a spring collet 13 and a conductive sliding sleeve 14, the spring collet 13 is arranged at the bottom of the knife handle 12, and the knife bar 1 is locked by the spring collet 13 Tightly fixed under the knife handle 12, the conductive sliding sleeve 14 is sleeved on the outside of the knife handle 12, and is rotated and sealed with the knife handle 12. The conductive sliding sleeve 14 is provided with a catheter 14-1 and a conductive column 14-2. The side wall of handle 12 is provided with liquid hole 12-1, and catheter 14-1 communicates with liquid hole 12-1 through the cavity between conductive sliding sleeve 14 and handle 12, and liquid hole 12 -1 The electrolyte channel through the center of the knife handle 12 is connected to the liquid outlet 2-3 on the cathode claw arm 2-2; the conductive column 14-2 is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply 15. Specifically, threaded holes can be provided on both sides of the conductive sliding sleeve 14, the threaded holes on one side are connected to the conductive column 14-2 through threaded engagement, and the threaded holes on the other side are connected to the catheter tube 14-1 through threaded engagement , At the same time, the joint is wrapped with raw material tape to seal. The material of the conductive sliding sleeve 14 is preferably brass. The tool bar 1 is fixed under the tool handle 12 through the spring collet 13, and the electrolyte for electrolytic machining is connected from the mouth of the catheter tube 14-1, and enters the interior of the device through the liquid hole 12-1 on the surface of the tool handle, thereby entering the tool bar 1 in the central hole 1-2, and then flows out from the crescent-shaped liquid outlet 2-3 at the bottom of the cathode claw arm 2-2 into the electrolytic machining area.

A micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite processing tool and processing method of the present invention, the milling blade is installed on the insulating base through the milling blade clamping base, the insulating base is installed in the base installation cavity of the tool cathode, and the tool cathode The cathode claw arm is located on the outside of the insulating base, so that the milling blade and the cathode claw arm form an organic whole, which has the advantages of convenient assembly, high assembly accuracy, and high overall strength after assembly. The mechanical cutting force of the milling blade can pass through the cathode The claw arm is transmitted to the entire processing tool, and the processing is stable and not easy to be damaged; moreover, the electrolyte enters the processing gap from the end face of the cathode claw arm, and the flow field of the electrolyte is evenly distributed, and the electrolysis and micro-milling can be alternately realized during the rotation of the processing tool. Moreover, the electrolytic machining area corresponds to the micro-milling machining area, which effectively improves the machining accuracy and processing efficiency of electrolytic-micro-milling combined machining, and is especially suitable for machining difficult-to-machine metals such as titanium alloys that are easily passivated.

The present invention and its implementations have been schematically described above, and the description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementations of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person of ordinary skill in the art is inspired by it, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, without creatively designing a structure and an embodiment similar to the technical solution, it shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention .

Claims (10)

1. A micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite machining tool, which is characterized in that: the tool comprises a cutter bar (1), a tool cathode (2), an insulating base (5), a milling blade clamping base (6) and milling blades (8), wherein the tool cathode (2) is coaxially arranged below the cutter bar (1) through a fastener, at least two cathode claw arms (2-2) are circumferentially distributed on the tool cathode (2), a base mounting cavity is formed in the inner side of each cathode claw arm (2-2), the insulating base (5) is fixed in the base mounting cavity, the milling blade clamping base (6) is fixed on the insulating base (5), the insulating base (5) is provided with insulating arms (5-1) clamped between the milling blade clamping base (6) and the corresponding cathode claw arms (2-2), chip removal grooves (6-1) positioned between the adjacent cathode claw arms (2-2) are formed in the milling blade clamping base (6), the milling blades (8) are correspondingly arranged on the side walls of the milling blade clamping base (6) close to the chip removal grooves (6-1), and the end surfaces of the milling blades (8) protrude out of the peripheral cutting edges of the cathode claw arms (2-2), and the peripheral cutting edges of the milling blades (8) are formed on the peripheral cutting edges of the cathode claw arms (2-2; the end surfaces of the cathode claw arms (2-2) are provided with liquid outlets (2-3).

2. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of each cathode claw arm (2-2) is fan-shaped, the outer side walls of the cathode claw arms (2-2) are positioned on the same cylindrical surface, and the milling blade (8) is positioned on a circular ring formed by the rotation of the cathode claw arms (2-2) on an axial projection surface.

3. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 2, wherein: the liquid outlet (2-3) is positioned at the center of the end face of the cathode claw arm (2-2), and the liquid outlet (2-3) is of a circumferentially extending slender crescent structure.

4. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 2, wherein: the milling cutter blade (8) is mounted on the milling cutter blade clamping base (6) through a milling cutter blade locking screw (9), the milling cutter blade clamping base (6) is provided with a blade mounting surface (6-2) for positioning the milling cutter blade (8), and the blade mounting surface (6-2) is a plane passing through the axis of the tool cathode (2).

5. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 4, wherein: the axis of the milling blade locking screw (9) is perpendicular to the blade mounting surface (6-2).

6. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 2, wherein: the insulation base (5) is made of epoxy resin, the milling blade clamping base (6) is made of hard alloy, and the milling blade clamping base (6) is fixed on the insulation base (5) through a base locking screw (7) axially locked at a chip removal groove (6-1).

7. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the end face cutting edge of the milling blade (8) protrudes out of the end face of the cathode claw arm (2-2) by 0.25 plus or minus 0.05mm; the side cutting edge of the milling blade (8) protrudes out of the cathode claw arm (2-2) to form a peripheral circle of 0.25 plus or minus 0.05mm.

8. The micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the cutter bar (1) is provided with a cutter bar flange (1-1), the upper end of the tool cathode (2) is provided with a cathode flange (2-1), and the cutter bar flange (1-1) is fixedly connected with the cathode flange (2-1) through a bolt fastener and a positioning pin (10); the tool is characterized in that the center of the tool bar (1) is provided with a center hole (1-2), the tool cathode (2) is provided with a shunt channel (2-4) which is communicated with a corresponding liquid outlet (2-3), a liquid distribution cavity (1-3) which is communicated with the center hole (1-2) and each shunt channel (2-4) is arranged between the tool bar flange (1-1) and the cathode flange (2-1), and a sealing ring (11) which is used for sealing the liquid distribution cavity (1-3) is further arranged between the tool bar flange (1-1) and the cathode flange (2-1).

9. A method of machining a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool, comprising the steps of:

s1, mounting the micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite machining tool in any one of claims 1 to 8 on a machine tool spindle through a tool handle assembly, clamping and fixing a workpiece (16) on a machine tool workbench, connecting the micro-milling auxiliary electrolytic composite machining tool with a negative electrode of a direct current power supply (15) through the tool handle assembly, and connecting the workpiece (16) with a positive electrode of the direct current power supply (15);

s2, setting electrolysis and micro-milling composite processing parameters, controlling a machine tool spindle to rotate, driving a micro-milling auxiliary electrolysis composite processing tool to rotate at a high speed through a tool handle assembly, feeding according to a preset speed and a preset direction, simultaneously switching on an electrolysis power supply, controlling electrolyte to enter a processing area from a liquid outlet (2-3), performing electrolysis processing by a cathode claw arm (2-2), removing a passivation layer generated by electrolysis on the surface of a workpiece (16) by a milling blade (8), and alternately performing the electrolysis processing of the cathode claw arm (2-2) and the micro-milling of the milling blade (8) in the processing process.

10. The method of machining a micro-milling assisted electrolytic composite machining tool according to claim 9, wherein: the cutter handle assembly comprises a cutter handle (12), a spring jacket (13) and a conductive sliding sleeve (14), wherein the spring jacket (13) is arranged at the lower part of the cutter handle (12), the cutter handle (1) is locked and fixed below the cutter handle (12) through the spring jacket (13), the conductive sliding sleeve (14) is sleeved on the outer side of the cutter handle (12) and is in rotary sealing fit with the cutter handle (12), a liquid guide tube (14-1) and a conductive column (14-2) are arranged on the conductive sliding sleeve (14), a liquid through hole (12-1) is formed in the side wall of the cutter handle (12), the liquid guide tube (14-1) is communicated with the liquid through hole (12-1) through a cavity between the conductive sliding sleeve (14) and the cutter handle (12), and the liquid through hole (12-1) is communicated with a liquid outlet (2-3) on a cathode claw arm (2-2) through an electrolyte flow passage in the center of the cutter handle (12). The conductive column (14-2) is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply (15).