CN116574909A - Decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a magnesium melting bath recovery device of a retired silicon-based photovoltaic cell panel, which comprises a heavy material conveying device, a light material conveying device, a magnesium melting chamber, a heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, a light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, a solid phase residue distillation separation device and a magnesium alloy distillation separation device; the magnesium melting chamber is filled with magnesium alloy liquid, and a feeding device is arranged above the magnesium melting chamber; a scum gathering mechanism is arranged in the magnesium melting chamber; the heavy material conveying device conveys the magnesium alloy liquid containing the solid phase residues to a heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, and the light material conveying device conveys the scum to the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system; the solid-liquid centrifugal separation system of the heavy material separates solid phase residues from magnesium alloy liquid, and the solid phase residues are sent to a solid phase residue distillation separation device; the bottom of the magnesium melting chamber is connected with a magnesium alloy distillation separation device through a magnesium liquid discharge pipe. The application does not need manual sorting in the treatment process, has low labor cost, does not need strong acid chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid and the like in the treatment process, and has low environmental pollution.

Description

Decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels molten magnesium bath recovery device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of recycling photovoltaic panels, in particular to a device for recovering a molten magnesium bath for decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels.

Background technique

Due to the vigorous development of the photovoltaic industry, a large number of silicon-based photovoltaic panels are facing decommissioning, and the decommissioned photovoltaic panels need to be processed.

The main component of silicon-based photovoltaic panels in exhaust gas is silicon, and contains a certain amount of metal elements such as copper, silver, and aluminum. These substances have high economic value and are usually recycled.

At present, the commonly used recycling methods are as follows: the silicon-based photovoltaic panels are dismantled and broken mechanically, and then manually sorted, and the parts containing copper, silver, aluminum and other metal elements are treated with hydrofluoric acid, etc. Leaching with strong acid in order to recover some valuable metals such as silicon, aluminum, copper and silver.

However, the traditional recycling method requires manual sorting, which requires a large amount of labor and high labor costs; and because a large amount of strong acid chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid are used in the processing process, a large amount of chemical waste liquid will be generated. Great environmental pollution.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a recovery device for molten magnesium bath of decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a recovery device for molten magnesium bath of decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels, including a heavy material conveying device, a light material conveying device, a molten magnesium chamber, a heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, a light material solid Liquid centrifugal separation system, solid phase residue distillation and separation device, magnesium alloy distillation and separation device, magnesium melting chamber, heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system are all set on the heating device;

Magnesium alloy liquid is installed in the molten magnesium chamber, and a feeding device is provided above the molten magnesium chamber; a scum accumulation mechanism is installed in the molten magnesium chamber, and the scum accumulation mechanism gathers the scum generated during the processing to the scum accumulation area middle;

The heavy material conveying device is used to transport the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid phase residue at the bottom of the magnesium melting chamber to the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, and the light material conveying device is used to transport the scum in the scum accumulation area to the light material solid liquid centrifugal separation system;

After the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system separates the solid phase residue from the magnesium alloy liquid, the solid phase residue is sent to the solid phase residue distillation and separation device; the bottom of the magnesium melting chamber is equipped with a magnesium liquid drain pipe, which is connected to the magnesium alloy distillation separation device.

As a preference, the feeding device includes a feeding lock hopper, a screw feeding chamber, and a gas regulating device. The upper and lower ends of the feeding lock hopper are respectively provided with an upper feeding valve and a lower feeding valve, and the screw feeding chamber is connected to the feeding The lower end of the lock hopper, the feed lock hopper is connected to the gas regulating device; the lower end of the screw feeding chamber is provided with a feeding screw tube, the feeding screw tube is provided with a feeding screw, and the feeding motor is provided in the screw feeding chamber; the feeding screw The upper end of the feed motor is connected to the feed motor, and the feed screw and the lower end of the feed screw tube extend into the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium melting chamber; the upper end of the feed motor is provided with a distributing cone.

As a preference, the scum gathering mechanism includes a stirring paddle arranged at the lower end of the feed screw, a partition wall arranged in the magnesium melting chamber, a liquid hole is provided on the partition wall, and the partition wall is partially inserted into the magnesium alloy liquid; When the material screw rotates, it drives the stirring paddle to rotate, and when the stirring paddle rotates, it drives the magnesium alloy liquid to rotate and flow. When the rotating magnesium alloy liquid flows through the separation wall, the scum floating above the magnesium alloy liquid is blocked by the separation wall and Accumulates on one side of the wall, thereby creating a scum accumulation area on the side of the wall.

Preferably, the gas regulating device includes an exhaust pipe, an exhaust gas charging pipe, an inert gas charging pipe, an inert gas storage tank, and an exhaust gas storage tank. One end of the exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas charging pipe communicates with the feed lock hopper, and the exhaust pipe The other end of the exhaust gas charging pipe is connected to the waste gas storage tank; the exhaust pipe is equipped with a cold area dust collector, exhaust valve, vacuum pump, waste gas buffer tank, booster pump, and the waste gas charging pipe is equipped with a waste gas charging valve; inert gas One end of the inflation pipe is connected with the feed lock hopper, and the other end is connected with the inert gas storage tank, and an inert gas inflation valve is provided on the inert gas inflation pipe.

As a preference, the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system have the same structure, and both the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system include an inert gas protection room, and the inert gas protection room is connected to argon Protection system; a rotatable centrifugal turntable is installed in the inert gas protection chamber, a centrifugal motor for driving the centrifugal turntable is installed under the centrifugal turntable, and a centrifugal drum is arranged above the centrifugal turntable, and the outer diameter of the centrifugal drum is from bottom to top. Gradually shrinking; there is a blanking trough above the centrifugal drum; there is a liquid rejection hole above the side wall of the centrifugal drum; there is a liquid chamber on the outside of the centrifugal drum, and the lower end of the liquid chamber is connected to the magnesium liquid tank; inert gas The protection room is equipped with an upper door opening device corresponding to the blanking chute and a lower door opening device corresponding to the magnesium liquid tank; the heavy material conveying device sends the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid phase residue to the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system. In the blanking trough, the light material conveying device sends the scum to the blanking trough of the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system.

As a preference, the heating device is provided with a heating chamber, one side of the heating chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a combustion air inlet, the other side of the heating chamber is provided with a flue gas exhaust pipe, and the heating chamber is provided with several staggered Smoke deflector.

As a preference, the heavy material conveying device includes a heavy material screw tube and a heavy material discharge screw arranged in the heavy material screw tube; the lower ends of the heavy material screw tube and the heavy material discharge screw extend to the bottom of the magnesium alloy liquid, and the heavy material The upper end of the material discharge screw is connected to the heavy material screw motor, and the heavy material screw tube is provided with a first leakage hole on the lower side of the part above the magnesium alloy liquid level; the light material conveying device includes a light material screw tube, which is arranged The light material discharge screw in the material screw tube; the lower end of the light material screw tube and the light material discharge screw extends into the scum accumulation area, the upper end of the light material discharge screw is connected to the light material screw motor, and the light material screw tube is located in the magnesium A second liquid leakage hole is provided on the lower side of the part above the liquid alloy liquid level.

Preferably, the magnesium alloy distillation and separation device includes a magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace, a primary cooling chamber, and a secondary cooling chamber. A heating chamber is arranged outside the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace, and a heat source inlet and exhaust gas are respectively arranged on both sides of the heating chamber. The outlet of the heat source, the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace is connected to the magnesium liquid exhaust pipe, the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace is connected to the primary cooling chamber, the primary cooling chamber is connected to the secondary cooling chamber, and the secondary cooling chamber is connected to the first distillation vacuum pump; Primary cooling cooling water jacket, the primary cooling cooling water jacket is provided with the primary cooling coolant inlet and the primary cooling coolant outlet; the secondary cooling cooling chamber is provided with a secondary cooling cooling water jacket, and the secondary cooling cooling water jacket is provided with a secondary cooling Coolant inlet and secondary coolant outlet.

Preferably, the solid-phase residue distillation and separation device includes a silicon melting ingot furnace, a second cooling chamber, and a third cooling chamber. An electric heating element is arranged on the silicon melting ingot casting furnace, and a first cooling water is provided on the upper end of the silicon melting ingot casting furnace. The jacket, the first cooling water jacket communicates with the second cooling chamber, the second cooling chamber communicates with the third cooling chamber, and the third cooling chamber is connected with the second distillation vacuum pump; the second cooling chamber is provided with a second cooling chamber outside Water jacket, the second cooling water jacket is provided with a second coolant inlet and a second coolant outlet; the outside of the third cooling chamber is provided with a third cooling water jacket, and a third cooling water jacket is provided with a third coolant inlet and third coolant outlet.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts the molten metal magnesium bath as the medium means, adds the decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels after mechanical crushing into the molten magnesium alloy liquid, and utilizes the high-temperature catalytic effect of the metal magnesium liquid on various materials , reactivity, solubility, and the sinking and floating effect brought about by the difference in density, separate and layer a variety of valuable elements, and realize the efficient recycling of silicon, aluminum, copper, silver and other metal elements, and metal magnesium after separation It can be put into the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium melting chamber again to realize the recycling of metal magnesium. In the processing process of the present invention, no manual sorting is required, the labor cost is small, and strong acid chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid are not used in the processing process, a large amount of chemical waste liquid is not generated, and the environmental pollution is small.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view along A-A direction in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along B-B direction in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnesium alloy distillation and separation device.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid phase residue distillation separation device.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the separation of silicon liquid from magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and magnesium silicate after the heavy material is melted.

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the gas regulating device.

In the figure: 100, battery board debris, 101, feed lock hopper, 102, screw feeding chamber, 103, distribution cone, 104, feed motor, 105, feed screw, 106, feed screw tube, 107, stirring Paddle, 108, magnesium alloy liquid, 109, molten magnesium chamber, 110, upper feeding valve, 120, lower feeding valve, 130, partition wall, 131, liquid hole, 150, gas regulating device, 170, exhaust Pipe, 180, heating device, 181, flue gas baffle, 182, gas inlet, 183, combustion air inlet, 184, flue gas exhaust pipe, 190, magnesium liquid exhaust pipe, 191, magnesium liquid stopper, 192, magnesium Liquid storage tank, 193, magnesium liquid pump, 194, magnesium alloy high level liquid tank, 201, heavy material external discharge screw, 202, heavy material screw tube, 203, heavy material screw shaft, 204, heavy material screw motor, 205, the first One leakage hole, 301, light material discharge screw, 302, light material screw tube, 303, light material screw shaft, 304, light material screw motor, 305, second liquid leakage hole, 400, air-filled container to be pumped, 451, exhaust pipe, 452, cooling dust collector, 453, exhaust valve, 454, vacuum pump, 455, exhaust gas buffer tank, 456, booster pump, 457, exhaust gas storage tank, 460, inert gas storage tank, 461, exhaust gas Inflatable valve, 462, waste gas inflation pipe, 463, inert gas inflation valve, 464, inert gas inflation pipe, 500, heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, 501, blanking chute, 502, liquid contact chamber, 503, magnesium liquid tank , 504, centrifugal drum, 505, liquid rejection hole, 510, solid phase residue, 511, throwing out magnesium liquid, 520, centrifugal turntable, 530, centrifugal motor, 531, centrifugal shaft, 550, argon protection system, 551, Upper door opening device, 552, lower door opening device, 600, light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, 801, magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace, 802, heating chamber, 803, primary cooling chamber, 804, secondary cooling chamber, 805, first distillation Vacuum pump, 806, primary cooling cooling water jacket, 807, secondary cooling cooling water jacket, 808, primary cooling crystalline magnesium, 809, final cooling crystalline magnesium, 820, heat source inlet, 821, exhaust heat source outlet, 822, primary cooling coolant inlet , 823, primary cooling coolant outlet, 824, secondary cooling coolant inlet, 825, secondary cooling coolant outlet, 830, recovered alloy, 901, first cooling water jacket, 902, silicon melting ingot casting furnace, 903, second Cooling chamber, 904, third cooling chamber, 905, second distillation vacuum pump, 906, second cooling water jacket, 907, third cooling water jacket, 908, second cooling crystalline magnesium, 909, third cooling crystalline magnesium, 910 , the first cooling crystalline magnesium, 920, the electric heating element, 922, the second coolant inlet, 923, the second coolant outlet, 924, the third coolant inlet, 925, the third coolant outlet.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art should understand that in the disclosure of the present invention, the terms "vertical", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and The above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention because the description is simplified rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation.

It can be understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element The quantity can be multiple, and the term "a" cannot be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

As shown in Figure 1-8, a recovery device for molten magnesium bath for decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels includes a heavy material conveying device, a light material conveying device, a molten magnesium chamber 109, a heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system 500, a light material solid The liquid centrifugal separation system, the solid phase residue distillation and separation device, the magnesium alloy distillation and separation device, the molten magnesium chamber 109 , the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system 500 , and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system are all set on the heating device 180 . Magnesium alloy solution 108 is housed in the magnesium melting chamber 109 . The heating device 180 heats the magnesium alloy liquid 108 in the magnesium melting chamber 109 to make the magnesium alloy liquid 108 in a molten state, and the temperature of the magnesium alloy liquid 108 is 700-900°C.

Among them, the heating device 180 is provided with a heating chamber, one side of the heating chamber is provided with a gas inlet 182 and a combustion air inlet 183, the other side of the heating chamber is provided with a flue gas exhaust pipe 184, and there are several staggered arrangements in the heating chamber. The flue gas baffle 181 forms a circuitous gas passage in the heating chamber through the flue gas baffle 181; the gas and combustion air are passed into the heating chamber through the gas inlet 182 and the combustion air inlet 183, and the gas and combustion air are in the heating chamber. After being ignited in the heating chamber, high-temperature combustion gas is generated, and the high-temperature combustion gas is discharged from the flue gas exhaust pipe 184 after passing through the circuitous gas channel, and the heating function is realized through the high-temperature combustion gas.

A feeding device is provided above the molten magnesium chamber 109 . Wherein, the feed device comprises a feed lock hopper 101, a screw feeding chamber 102, and a gas regulating device 150. The upper and lower ends of the feed lock hopper 101 are respectively provided with an upper feed valve 110 and a lower feed valve 120, and the screw feed chamber 102 It is connected to the lower end of the feed lock hopper 101 , and the feed lock hopper 101 is connected to the gas regulating device 150 . The lower end of the screw feeding chamber 102 is provided with a feeding screw tube 106 , and the feeding screw tube 106 vertically passes through the top plate of the magnesium melting chamber 109 . A feeding screw 105 is arranged in the feeding screw tube 106, and a feeding motor 104 is arranged in the screw feeding chamber 102; The lower ends of the feeding screw 105 and the feeding screw tube 106 all extend into the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium melting chamber 109 . The upper end of the feeding motor 104 is provided with a distribution cone 103, which is in the shape of a cone. The upper end of the molten magnesium chamber 109 is also provided with an exhaust pipe 170 .

Wherein, the pumping and charging device 150 is used to inflate or pump air in the feed lock hopper 101. The pumping and charging device 150 includes an exhaust pipe 451, a waste gas charging pipe 462, an inert gas charging pipe 464, an inert gas storage tank 460, Exhaust gas storage tank 457, one end of exhaust pipe 451 and exhaust gas inflating pipe 462 are communicated with the inflatable container 400 to be pumped, and the other end of exhaust pipe 451 and exhaust gas inflating pipe 462 is connected with exhaust gas storage tank 457; There are cooling dust collector 452, exhaust valve 453, vacuum pump 454, waste gas buffer tank 455, booster pump 456, waste gas charging pipe 462 is provided with waste gas charging valve 461. One end of the inert gas charging pipe 464 communicates with the evacuated or inflated chamber 400 , and the other end is connected to the inert gas storage tank 460 . The inert gas charging pipe 364 is provided with an inert gas charging valve 463 . In this embodiment, the container 400 to be evacuated and inflated is the feed lock hopper 101 . Nitrogen or carbon dioxide is stored in the inert gas storage tank 464 .

The method of use of the pumping and charging device 150 is as follows: when the container 400 to be pumped and charged is pumped, the exhaust valve 453 is opened, the waste gas charging valve 461 and the inert gas charging valve 463 are closed, the vacuum pump 354 and the booster pump 456 are started, The gas in the inflatable container 400 to be evacuated is pumped into the waste gas storage tank 457 through the exhaust pipe 451; when inflating the inflatable container 400 to be evacuated, the inert gas charging valve 463 is opened, and the waste gas charging valve 461 and the exhaust gas charging valve are closed. The exhaust valve 453 is used to fill inert gas into the evacuated or inflated chamber 400 through the inert gas storage tank 360 . If necessary, the combustible waste gas can be stored in the waste gas storage tank 457 , and the combustible waste gas can be introduced into the pumped or inflated chamber 400 by opening the waste gas charging valve 461 .

After the silicon-based photovoltaic panels are mechanically crushed, battery panel debris 100 is obtained, and the battery panel debris 100 is passed into the magnesium alloy solution 108 in the magnesium melting chamber 109 through a feeding device. When feeding, the exhaust gas in the feed lock hopper 101 is first extracted through the air pumping device 150, and then the inert gas is passed into the feed lock hopper 101 through the pumping device 150 to balance the air pressure in the feed lock hopper 101; Then open the upper feed valve 110, and feed the battery board debris 100 in the feed lock hopper 101; Chips 100 enter the screw feeding chamber 102, and the battery board chips 100 will bypass the distribution cone 103 and fall to the bottom of the screw feeding chamber 102; the feed screw 105 is driven by a motor to rotate, and the battery board chips 100 will be removed by the feed screw 105. Delivered to the magnesium alloy liquid 108.

The scum gathering mechanism is provided in the magnesium melting chamber 109, and the scum gathering mechanism gathers the scum generated during the processing into the scum accumulation area. Wherein, the scum gathering mechanism includes the stirring paddle 107 arranged at the lower end of the feed screw 105, the partition wall 130 arranged in the magnesium melting chamber 109, the partition wall 130 is provided with a liquid hole 131, and the partition wall 130 is partially inserted into the magnesium alloy liquid, so that part of the partition wall 130 is submerged below the liquid level of the magnesium alloy liquid 108, and part of the partition wall 130 is located above the liquid level of the magnesium alloy liquid 108; the feeding screw 105 drives the stirring paddle 107 to rotate when rotating, and the stirring paddle When the blade 107 rotates, it drives the magnesium alloy liquid 108 to rotate and flow. When the rotating magnesium alloy liquid 108 flows through the separation wall 130, the scum floating above the magnesium alloy liquid is blocked by the separation wall and accumulates on one side of the separation wall 130. The magnesium alloy liquid 108 can pass through the liquid hole 131 on the separation wall 130 , thereby forming a scum accumulation area on one side of the separation wall 130 .

When the battery plate debris 100 is put into the magnesium alloy liquid 108, the organic matter contained in the battery plate debris 100 will react with magnesium at high temperature to form carbon, magnesium oxide and hydrogen, and the reaction is as follows:

The carbon formed after the reaction floats above the liquid level of the magnesium alloy liquid 108 in the form of solid carbon black particles, forming scum; the gas generated during the reaction is discharged from the exhaust pipe 170 .

Some metal elements (aluminum, silver, copper, etc.) contained in the battery plate debris 100 will be dissolved in the magnesium alloy liquid:

Al+Ag+Cu+Mg(l)=Mg-Al-Cu-Ag(l);

The silicon-based material reacts with the molten magnesium bath to produce magnesium silicide, and the reaction is as follows:

2Si+2Mg(l)=Mg ₂ Si+Si;

The battery plate debris 100 also contains some substances such as glass, the main component of which is silicon dioxide, which reacts with magnesium as follows at high temperature:

6SiO ₂ +6Mg(l)=Si+Mg ₂ Si+4(MgO·SiO ₂ );

After the reaction, metal elements such as aluminum, silver, and copper are directly melted in the magnesium alloy liquid, while SiO2, Si, Mg2Si, MgO, and MgSiO3 have high melting points and high densities, and settle at the bottom of the magnesium alloy liquid 108 in solid form, forming a solid phase residue.

The heavy material conveying device is used to transport the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid phase residue at the bottom of the magnesium melting chamber to the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system 500, and the light material conveying device is used to transport the scum in the scum accumulation area to the light material In the solid-liquid centrifugal separation system.

The heavy material conveying device comprises a heavy material screw tube 202, a heavy material outer discharge screw 201 arranged in the heavy material screw tube 202; the lower ends of the heavy material screw tube 202 and the heavy material outer discharge screw 201 extend to the bottom of the magnesium alloy liquid 108, The upper end of the heavy material discharge screw 201 is connected with the heavy material screw motor 204; wherein, the output shaft of the heavy material screw motor 204 is connected with the heavy material screw shaft 203, and the heavy material discharge screw 201 is connected with the heavy material screw shaft 203, and the heavy material A first liquid leakage hole 205 is provided on the lower side of the screw tube 202 above the magnesium alloy liquid surface.

The light material conveying device comprises a light material screw tube 302, a light material discharge screw 301 arranged in the light material screw tube 302; the lower ends of the light material screw tube 302 and the light material discharge screw 301 extend into the scum accumulation area, light The upper end of the material outer row screw 301 is connected with the light material screw motor 304; wherein, the output shaft of the light material screw motor 304 is connected with the light material screw shaft 303, and the light material outer row screw 301 is connected with the light material screw shaft 303; A second liquid leakage hole 305 is provided on the lower side of the row screw 301 above the magnesium alloy liquid level.

As shown in Figure 4, the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system 500 and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system have the same structure. The protection room is connected with an argon protection system. Among them, the argon gas protection system includes an argon gas storage tank, which is connected to the inert gas protection room through a gas pipeline, and the argon gas storage tank fills the inert gas protection room with argon, so that the inert gas protection room forms an inert gas Protect the vibe. A rotatable centrifugal turntable 520 is provided in the inert gas protection chamber, and a centrifugal motor 530 for driving the rotation of the centrifugal turntable is arranged below the centrifugal turntable 520; wherein, the output shaft of the centrifugal motor 530 is connected with a centrifugal shaft 531, and the centrifugal turntable 520 is connected to the centrifugal turntable. The rotating shafts 531 are connected to each other, and the centrifugal rotating disk 520 is driven to rotate by the centrifugal motor 530 . A centrifugal drum 504 is arranged above the centrifugal rotating disk 520 , and the outer diameter of the centrifugal drum 504 gradually decreases from bottom to top. A blanking trough 501 is arranged above the centrifugal drum 504, and the blanking trough 501 is funnel-shaped. A liquid rejection hole 505 is provided above the side wall of the centrifugal drum 504 . A liquid contact chamber 502 is provided outside the centrifugal drum 504 , and the lower end of the liquid contact chamber 502 is connected to a magnesium liquid tank 503 . The inert gas protection chamber is provided with an upper door opening device 551 corresponding to the blanking chute 501 and a lower door opening device 552 corresponding to the magnesium liquid tank 503 . The heavy material conveying device sends the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid residues to the blanking trough of the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system 500, and the light material conveying device sends the scum to the blanking trough of the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system .

The heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system separates the solid phase residue from the magnesium alloy liquid by centrifugal means, and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system separates the scum from the magnesium alloy liquid by centrifugal means. Among them, when the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system is performing solid-liquid separation, the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid residues falls into the centrifugal drum 504 through the blanking chute 501, and the centrifugal motor drives the centrifugal drum 504 to rotate at a high speed. Under the action of the magnesium alloy liquid, the magnesium alloy liquid passes through the liquid rejection hole 505 and enters the liquid contact chamber 502, while the solid phase residue cannot pass through the liquid rejection hole 505 and remains in the centrifugal drum, thereby realizing solid-liquid separation. The magnesium liquid 511 is thrown out and collected through the liquid contact chamber 502, and then flowed into the magnesium liquid tank 503, and the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium liquid tank 503 can be poured back into the magnesium melting chamber 109 to realize the recycling of the magnesium alloy liquid; The whole centrifugal separation process is completed under the protective atmosphere of argon, which avoids the oxidation of the magnesium alloy liquid. Since the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system is set on the heating device, the melting temperature of the magnesium alloy liquid is maintained through continuous heating of the heating device. The light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system separates and recovers the magnesium alloy liquid in the scum in the same way.

After the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system 500 separates the solid phase residue from the magnesium alloy liquid, the solid phase residue is sent to the distillation and separation device for solid phase residue; Connect the magnesium alloy distillation separation device.

The solid-phase residue distillation and separation device includes a silicon melting ingot furnace 902, a second cooling chamber 903, and a third cooling chamber 904. The silicon melting ingot furnace 902 is provided with an electric heating element 920, and the upper end of the silicon melting ingot furnace 902 is provided with a second cooling chamber. A cooling water jacket 901 , the first cooling water jacket 901 communicates with the second cooling chamber 903 , the second cooling chamber 903 communicates with the third cooling chamber 904 , and the third cooling chamber 904 is connected with the second distillation vacuum pump 905 . The outside of the second cooling chamber 903 is provided with a second cooling water jacket 906, the second cooling water jacket 906 is provided with a second coolant inlet 922 and a second coolant outlet 923; the outside of the third cooling chamber 904 is provided with a third The cooling water jacket 907 and the third cooling water jacket 907 are provided with a third coolant inlet 924 and a third coolant outlet 925 .

The solid phase residues are mainly silicon, magnesium and their oxides. After the solid phase residues are added to the silicon melting ingot casting furnace 902, they are heated by the electric heating element 920 on the silicon melting ingot casting furnace 902; under high temperature heating, On the one hand, the volatilization of magnesium will occur, and on the other hand, the reaction of silicothermal reduction of magnesium will occur. The reaction is as follows:

The magnesium vapor produced by heating and volatilization undergoes primary cooling at the first cooling water jacket 901, thereby producing the first cooled crystallized magnesium 910 at the inner wall of the first cooling water jacket 901; the rest of the magnesium vapor passes through the second cooling chamber 903, the first Three cooling chambers 904, and cooling in the second cooling chamber 903 and the third cooling chamber 904 respectively to form the second cooled crystallized magnesium 908 and the third cooled crystallized magnesium 909. The evaporated and condensed magnesium metal can be reused; after the metal magnesium volatilizes, the remaining solid-phase residue in the silicon melting ingot casting furnace 902 is heated to a temperature of 1420-1490 °C, and at this time the melting point of silicon is reached, and the silicon inside is completely melted, and then cast into ingots Or directional solidification; while magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and magnesium silicate with higher melting points are always in the solid state, and due to their high density, they precipitate at the bottom of the silicon liquid, and are shown in Figure 7 after re-solidification. In Figure 7, they are located below the dotted line The substances are magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium silicate, etc. with high melting point and high density, and those located above the dotted line are relatively pure silicon ingots; cut according to the position of the dotted line to obtain relatively pure silicon ingots. After further purification and processing, the ingots can be used as raw materials for various electronic devices and semiconductor devices.

Magnesium liquid drain pipe 190 is provided with magnesium liquid storage tank 192 and magnesium liquid pump 193; Magnesium liquid drain pipe 190 is also provided with valve port, and valve port is connected with magnesium liquid stopper rod 191, and magnesium liquid stopper rod 191 is made of high temperature resistant material, when the magnesium liquid stopper is inserted into the valve port, the magnesium liquid discharge pipe 190 is blocked by the magnesium liquid stopper 191, and the magnesium alloy liquid cannot be discharged through the magnesium liquid discharge pipe 190; when the magnesium liquid stopper 191 is pulled out , the magnesium alloy liquid can be discharged through the magnesium liquid discharge pipe 190 . The magnesium liquid storage tank 192 plays the role of temporarily storing the magnesium alloy liquid. The magnesium alloy distillation and separation device includes a magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801, a primary cooling chamber 803, and a secondary cooling chamber 804. A heating chamber 802 is provided outside the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801, and heat source inlets 820 are respectively provided on both sides of the heating chamber 802. The magnesium liquid exhaust pipe 190 is connected with the exhaust heat source outlet 821 and the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801 . Among them, a magnesium alloy high-level liquid tank 194 is arranged above the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801, and the magnesium alloy high-level liquid tank 194 is connected to the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801 through a guide tube, and the magnesium liquid drain pipe 190 is connected to the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801. The magnesium alloy high-level liquid tank 194 on the separation furnace 801 is connected. The magnesium alloy distillation separation furnace 801 is connected with the primary cooling chamber 803, the primary cooling chamber 803 is connected with the secondary cooling chamber 804, and the secondary cooling chamber 804 is connected with the first distillation vacuum pump 805; the primary cooling chamber 803 is provided with a primary cooling water jacket 806, Primary cooling cooling water jacket 806 is provided with primary cooling coolant inlet 822 and primary cooling coolant outlet 823; Coolant inlet 824 and secondary coolant outlet 825 .

During the processing, metal elements such as aluminum, copper, and silver in the battery plate debris 100 are continuously melted into the magnesium alloy liquid, so that the ratio of metal elements such as aluminum, copper, and silver in the magnesium alloy liquid increases; The discharge pipe 190 regularly discharges part of the magnesium alloy liquid, and separates and extracts metal elements such as aluminum, copper, and silver through the magnesium alloy distillation separation device; the specific method is as follows: the magnesium alloy liquid discharged through the magnesium liquid discharge pipe 190 enters the magnesium alloy distillation In the separation furnace 801, a high-temperature heat source (such as high-temperature heat transfer oil, high-temperature gas, etc.) is introduced into the heating chamber 802, and the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium alloy distillation separation furnace 801 is continuously heated to make the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium alloy liquid Volatilize to form magnesium vapor, the magnesium vapor passes through the primary cooling chamber 803 and the secondary cooling chamber 804 in turn, the magnesium vapor is cooled in the primary cooling chamber 803 and the secondary cooling chamber 804 to form primary cooling crystalline magnesium 808 and final cooling crystalline magnesium 809, the primary cooling crystallization Magnesium 808 and final cooling crystallized magnesium 809 can be reused; when the metal magnesium in the magnesium alloy liquid in the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace 801 volatilizes, after condensation, the recovered alloy 830 rich in aluminum, copper, silver and other metal elements is obtained , Recycling alloy 830 and then through subsequent separation and purification, aluminum ingots, copper ingots, and silver ingots can be obtained, thereby realizing the recycling of aluminum, copper, silver and other metal elements.

The present invention adopts the molten metal magnesium bath as the medium means, adds the decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels after mechanical crushing into the molten magnesium alloy liquid, and utilizes the high-temperature catalytic effect, reactivity, solubility, and The ups and downs effect brought by the density difference separates and stratifies various valuable elements, realizes the efficient recycling of silicon, aluminum, copper, silver and other metal elements, and metal magnesium can be put into the magnesium melting chamber after separation In the magnesium alloy liquid, the recycling of metal magnesium is realized. In the processing process of the present invention, no manual sorting is required, the labor cost is small, and strong acid chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid are not used in the processing process, a large amount of chemical waste liquid is not generated, and the environmental pollution is small.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned best implementation mode, anyone can draw other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention, but no matter make any changes in its shape or structure, all those with the same or similar features as the present application Approximate technical solutions all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. Recycling device for molten magnesium bath for decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panels, characterized in that it includes heavy material conveying device, light material conveying device, molten magnesium chamber, heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, solid Phase residue distillation and separation device, magnesium alloy distillation and separation device, magnesium melting chamber, heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, and light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system are all set on the heating device; Magnesium alloy liquid is installed in the molten magnesium chamber, and a feeding device is provided above the molten magnesium chamber; a scum accumulation mechanism is installed in the molten magnesium chamber, and the scum accumulation mechanism gathers the scum generated during the processing to the scum accumulation area middle; The heavy material conveying device is used to transport the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid phase residue at the bottom of the magnesium melting chamber to the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, and the light material conveying device is used to transport the scum in the scum accumulation area to the light material solid liquid centrifugal separation system; After the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system separates the solid phase residue from the magnesium alloy liquid, the solid phase residue is sent to the solid phase residue distillation and separation device; the bottom of the magnesium melting chamber is equipped with a magnesium liquid drain pipe, which is connected to the magnesium alloy distillation separation device. 2. The decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the feed device comprises a feed lock hopper, a screw feeding chamber, a gas regulating device, and the upper and lower sides of the feed lock hopper Both ends are equipped with an upper feeding valve and a lower feeding valve respectively, the screw feeding chamber is connected to the lower end of the feeding lock hopper, and the feeding lock hopper is connected to the gas regulating device; the lower end of the screw feeding chamber is provided with a feeding screw tube, and the feeding There is a feeding screw in the screw tube, and a feeding motor in the screw feeding chamber; the upper end of the feeding screw is connected with the feeding motor, and the lower end of the feeding screw and the feeding screw tube both extend into the magnesium alloy in the molten magnesium chamber. In the liquid; the upper end of the feeding motor is provided with a distribution cone. 3. The decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device according to claim 2, characterized in that the scum gathering mechanism comprises a stirring paddle arranged at the lower end of the feed screw, a stirring blade arranged in the molten magnesium chamber The partition wall is provided with a liquid hole, and the partition wall is partially inserted into the magnesium alloy liquid; when the feeding screw rotates, it drives the stirring blade to rotate, and when the stirring blade rotates, it drives the magnesium alloy liquid to rotate and flow, and the rotating and flowing magnesium alloy When the liquid flows through the separation wall, the scum floating above the magnesium alloy liquid is blocked by the separation wall and accumulates on one side of the separation wall, thereby forming a scum accumulation area on one side of the separation wall. 4. The decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas regulating device includes an exhaust pipe, a waste gas inflation pipe, an inert gas inflation pipe, an inert gas storage tank, a waste gas One end of the storage tank, the exhaust pipe and the waste gas charging pipe is connected to the feed lock hopper, and the other end of the exhaust pipe and the waste gas charging pipe is connected to the waste gas storage tank; the cold area dust collector, exhaust valve, Vacuum pump, waste gas buffer tank, booster pump, exhaust gas charging valve is installed on the waste gas charging pipe; one end of the inert gas charging pipe is connected to the feed lock hopper, and the other end is connected to the inert gas storage tank, and the inert gas charging pipe is provided with an inert gas inflation valve. 5. According to any one of claims 1-4, the decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device is characterized in that the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system have the same structure, and the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system has the same structure. Both the solid-liquid centrifugal separation system and the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system include an inert gas protection room, which is connected to an argon protection system; the inert gas protection room is equipped with a rotatable centrifugal turntable, and a drive is installed below the centrifugal turntable. The centrifugal motor rotates the centrifugal turntable. A centrifugal drum is arranged above the centrifugal turntable. The outer diameter of the centrifugal turntable gradually decreases from bottom to top; There is a liquid rejection hole; the outside of the centrifugal drum is equipped with a liquid contact chamber, and the lower end of the liquid contact chamber is connected to the magnesium liquid tank; the inert gas protection chamber is equipped with an upper opening device corresponding to the blanking trough and a corresponding magnesium liquid tank. The lower door opening device; the heavy material conveying device sends the magnesium alloy liquid containing solid phase residue to the discharge tank of the heavy material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system, and the light material conveying device sends the scum to the discharge tank of the light material solid-liquid centrifugal separation system. In the trough. 6. According to any one of claims 1-4, the decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device is characterized in that, a heating chamber is provided in the heating device, and a gas inlet and a gas inlet are provided on one side of the heating chamber. Combustion air inlet, the other side of the heating chamber is provided with a flue gas exhaust pipe, and several flue gas baffles are arranged in a staggered arrangement in the heating chamber. 7. According to any one of claims 1-4, the decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recycling device is characterized in that, the heavy material conveying device comprises a heavy material screw tube, a screw tube arranged in the heavy material screw tube Heavy material discharge screw; the heavy material screw tube and the lower end of the heavy material discharge screw extend to the bottom of the magnesium alloy liquid, the upper end of the heavy material discharge screw is connected to the heavy material screw motor, and the heavy material screw tube is located above the magnesium alloy liquid surface The lower side of the part is provided with a first leakage hole; the light material conveying device includes a light material screw tube, a light material discharge screw arranged in the light material screw tube; the lower end of the light material screw tube and the light material discharge screw Extending to the scum accumulation area, the upper end of the light material discharge screw is connected to the light material screw motor, and the lower side of the light material screw tube above the magnesium alloy liquid level is provided with a second leakage hole. 8. The decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the magnesium alloy distillation and separation device includes a magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace, an initial cooling chamber, a secondary Cold room, the outside of the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace is equipped with a heating chamber, the two sides of the heating chamber are respectively equipped with a heat source inlet and a waste heat source outlet, the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace is connected to the magnesium liquid exhaust pipe, the magnesium alloy distillation and separation furnace is connected to the primary cooling chamber The primary cooling chamber is connected to the secondary cooling chamber, and the secondary cooling chamber is connected to the first distillation vacuum pump; the primary cooling chamber is provided with a primary cooling water jacket, and the primary cooling cooling water jacket is provided with primary cooling coolant inlet and primary cooling agent outlet; the outside of the secondary cooling chamber is provided with a secondary cooling water jacket, and the secondary cooling water jacket is provided with a secondary coolant inlet and a secondary coolant outlet. 9. The decommissioned silicon-based photovoltaic panel molten magnesium bath recovery device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the solid phase residue distillation and separation device includes a silicon melting ingot casting furnace, a second cooling chamber, a third Cooling chamber, the silicon melting ingot casting furnace is equipped with electric heating elements, the upper end of the silicon melting ingot casting furnace is provided with a first cooling water jacket, the first cooling water jacket communicates with the second cooling chamber, the second cooling chamber connects with the third The cooling chambers are connected, and the third cooling chamber is connected to the second distillation vacuum pump; a second cooling water jacket is provided on the outside of the second cooling chamber, and a second coolant inlet and a second coolant outlet are provided on the second cooling water jacket; A third cooling water jacket is arranged outside the third cooling chamber, and a third coolant inlet and a third coolant outlet are arranged on the third cooling water jacket.