CN116574483A - A kind of preparation method of tellurium nanowire multi-component composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

A preparation method of tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material, belonging to the technical field of composite material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a tellurium source with a volatilizable alcohol solvent, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a solution I; mixing, heating and uniformly stirring a surfactant and a volatilizable alcohol solvent to obtain a solution II; mixing an alkaline compound with an alcohol solvent, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a solution III; heating and uniformly stirring the solution I, the solution II and the solution III to obtain a mixed solution; introducing inert gas into the mixed solution, adding a reducing agent, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a precursor, and adding a material to be compounded and an antioxidant into the precursor to obtain a tellurium nanowire composite material mixed solution; and (3) washing the final product with the mixed solvent for multiple times, and centrifugally drying to obtain the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material. The invention has the advantages of short preparation period, simple and controllable process, safety, no pollution, low energy consumption, excellent product performance, suitability for laboratory preparation, large-scale production in factories and the like.

Description

A kind of preparation method of tellurium nanowire multi-component composite material

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and in particular relates to a preparation method of tellurium nanowire multi-component composite material.

Background technique

Tellurium is a metalloid element, and now it has gradually developed into a material that supports the development of high-precision technology. It can be used as a new type of infrared detection material, glass colorant, and power generation component in metallurgical industry, petrochemical industry, electronic industry, and new energy technology. , Key materials for new thin-film solar cells, etc. Tellurium is made into nanowires, and its anisotropy is used to obtain excellent photoelectric properties. Binary recombination of tellurium nanowires with noble metals or compounds can further enhance its photoelectric properties. However, there are few reports on the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of tellurium nanowires and their composites. 2D structural materials such as graphene and Mxene have the advantages of light specific gravity and high absorption value in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. If tellurium nanowires are combined with 2D structured graphene and Mxene, it is expected to further improve their electromagnetic wave absorption performance. However, there are few reports on the preparation of multiple composite materials such as tellurium nanowires/graphene/Mxene and the analysis of their electromagnetic absorption properties. Therefore, if a method for large-scale and low-cost preparation of tellurium nanowires/graphene/Mxene composites is invented, it is expected to obtain a high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing material to meet the application requirements in this field.

In "Synthesis of Telluride Nanowires Based on Hydrothermal Method" (Material Science, Issue 04, 2018), vitamin C, CTAB, sodium tellurite, and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate were used as raw materials to prepare telluride nanowires by hydrothermal method . Although this method has advantages such as preparation environment is easy. However, the risk is greater during the experiment, and the prepared nanowires are easy to agglomerate, which affects their performance.

In "Preparation of Metal Tellurium Nanowires by Thermal Evaporation" (Rare Metal Materials and Engineering. 2021, 50(10)), high-purity Bi ₂ Te ₃ was used as the evaporation source, and one-dimensional tellurium was successfully prepared on Au-coated quartz wafers. Nanowires, this experiment deeply analyzed the growth mechanism of high-purity one-dimensional Te nanowires. This experiment requires high temperature conditions to obtain the final product, and the yield is low, the preparation cost is relatively high, and the product has no market competitiveness.

"Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Ultrathin Metal Telluride Nanowires" (Journal of the American Chemical Society, July 8, 2014) prepared precursors using TeO ₂ , KOH, and ascorbic acid as raw materials, and used the hydrothermal method to compound precious metals such as Cu and Ag with the precursors. Ultrathin tellurium nanowire composites were prepared. The experimental preparation process is green and environmentally friendly, and the final experimental product nanowire has a short diameter.

"A Preparation Method for Flexible Reduced Graphene and Tellurium Nanowire Composite Thermoelectric Film" (application number 201511023207.1) uses graphene oxide powder and sodium styrene sulfonate as raw materials to obtain tellurium through hydrothermal method, vacuum filtration and other steps The initial sample of nanowire/glass fiber membrane is reacted at high temperature and under the protection of inert gas to obtain the final product. The product has a high Seebeck coefficient and has good thermoelectric conversion performance. However, the preparation process of this method is too complicated and the experimental environment is harsh, which seriously affects the popularization and application.

To sum up, tellurium nanowires have become important functional materials and have been widely studied, especially when combined with other materials, they can show more excellent performance. However, there are few reports on the recombination of layered 2d structures such as tellurium nanowires/graphene/Mxene.

Contents of the invention

The present invention solves the gap that there is no multi-component composite material of tellurium nanowires in China at present, and provides a preparation method of multi-component composite material of tellurium nanowires. In the method, the tellurium nanowires are composited with materials with excellent performance such as graphene, Mxene, etc., and can obtain Semiconductor materials with excellent optical and electromagnetic properties can be used in electromagnetic wave absorption and other fields.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:

A method for preparing a tellurium nanowire multi-component composite material, the method comprising:

Step 1: Mix the tellurium source and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain ratio, heat and stir to obtain a solution I;

Step 2: Mix the surfactant and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir evenly to obtain solution II;

Step 3: Mix the basic compound and alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir to obtain solution III;

Step 4: Put solution I, solution II, and solution III in a three-necked flask to heat and stir to obtain a mixed solution;

Step 5: Inject an inert gas into the mixed solution, add a reducing agent at a certain temperature, heat and stir evenly to obtain a precursor, add materials to be composited and an antioxidant to the precursor to obtain a mixed solution of tellurium nanowire composite material;

Step 6: The final product is washed with water for several times and centrifugally dried with a mixed solvent in a certain volume ratio to obtain a multi-component tellurium nanowire composite material.

Further, in step 1, the tellurium source is one or more of tellurium dioxide, tellurium trioxide or sodium tellurite; the volatile alcohol solvent is ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol, One or more of isobutanol or methanol; the mass ratio of the tellurium source to the volatile alcohol solvent is 1:1-10; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating, and the heater used is controllable One of electromagnetic heating furnace, heating rod or infrared heater; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 50r/min～500r/min; the heating temperature is 25°C～100°C; the heating Stirring time is 10min～100min.

Further, in step 2, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyl ammonium bromide, sodium oleate, stearylamine, sodium laurate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate or One or more of sodium dialkylbenzene sulfonate; the volatile alcohol solvent is one or more of ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol, isobutanol or methanol; the surface active The mass ratio of solvent to alcohol solvent is 1:1-8; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the heating temperature is 30°C-90°C; the speed of the agitator is 30r/min-600r/min; The heating and stirring time is 20 min to 80 min.

Further, in step three, the basic compound is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, methylamine, urea, ethylamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine Or one or more in isopropylamine; Described alcohol solvent is one or more in ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol, isobutanol or methyl alcohol; Described stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring; The mass ratio of the basic compound to the alcohol solvent is 1:1-8; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the heating temperature is 20°C-90°C; the speed of the agitator is 30r/min- 500r/min; the heating and stirring time is 20min-90min.

Further, in step 4, the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring; the heating temperature is 10°C-90°C; the speed of the stirrer is 20r/min-400r/min min; the heating and stirring time is 10 min to 90 min.

Further, in step five, the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen or argon, the gas flow rate is 0.1L/min-5L/min; the temperature is 40°C-200°C; the reducing agent One or more of ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, stannous chloride, oxalic acid or potassium borohydride; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the heating time is 1h to 60h; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, with a rotating speed of 50r/min to 800r/min; the stirring time is 1h to 60h; the material to be composited is one or more of Mxene, graphene, copper sulfate, nickel nitrate or zinc sulfate ; The antioxidant is one or more of ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, stannous chloride, oxalic acid or potassium borohydride.

Further, in step six, the mixed solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and the volume ratio of ethanol and water is 2:1-10; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent and the mixed solution of the tellurium nanowire composite material is 1:2- 10; the number of washing times is 5 to 10 times; the centrifugation method is a high-speed centrifuge; the speed of the centrifugation is 3000r/min to 5000r/min, and the time is 2min to 20min; the drying temperature is 100°C to 200°C, and the time is 1h～2h; the tellurium nanowire diameter in the tellurium nanowire composite material is 50nm～500nm, the tellurium nanowire length in the tellurium nanowire composite material is 10mm～50mm; the reflection of the tellurium nanowire composite material Rate -10dB ~ -60dB.

The beneficial effect of the present invention relative to prior art is:

1. The tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene composite material prepared by the present invention forms a three-dimensional structural composite material by combining one-dimensional tellurium nanowire with two-dimensional graphene and Mxene, etc., and electromagnetic waves are refracted multiple times in the three-dimensional structural material achieve higher losses.

2. Using the polarity of polar solvents and surfactants to closely combine the three materials of tellurium nanowires, graphene and Mxene, when receiving electromagnetic wave radiation, various interface polarizations will be generated and electromagnetic waves will be lost.

3. In the present invention, the radius and length of the tellurium nanowires can be controlled by adjusting the reaction time and temperature of each step and the change of the functional group of the surfactant.

4. The present invention has the advantages of short preparation cycle, simple and controllable process, safety, no pollution, low energy consumption, excellent product performance, and is suitable for laboratory preparation and large-scale production in factories.

5. In the present invention, a tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene three-dimensional structure composite material with multiple polarization effect interfaces can be regulated and prepared by using a thermal decomposition method.

6. In the present invention, the tellurium nanowires can be directly added to other composite materials during the reaction process, and various tightly combined composite materials can be obtained.

7. The three-dimensional structure material is applied in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. The reflectivity is -26dB when the optimum content is 20% (80% paraffin), and the high absorption value is obtained under the condition of very low content.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is the XRD spectrum of the tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene composite material.

Figure 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of tellurium nanowires.

Figure 3 is a transmission electron microscope image of the tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene composite material.

Fig. 4 is the electromagnetic wave absorption diagram of the tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene composite material.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but it is not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should cover In the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

A kind of preparation method of tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene composite material, described method is specifically finished according to the following steps:

Step 1: Mix the tellurium source and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain ratio, heat and stir to obtain a solution I;

The tellurium source is tellurium dioxide; the volatile alcohol solvent is ethylene glycol; the mass ratio of the tellurium source to the volatile alcohol solvent is 1:2; the heating method is direct heating; the heating The device is a controllable electromagnetic heating furnace; the stirring is magnetic stirring; the heating temperature is 30°C, and the time is 10min; the speed of the stirrer is 100r/min;

Step 2: Mix the surfactant and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir evenly to obtain solution II;

The surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone; the volatile alcohol solvent is ethylene glycol; the mass ratio of the surfactant to the alcohol solvent is 1:2; the heating method is direct heating; The temperature is 40°C, the time is 30min; the speed of the agitator is 100r/min;

Step 3: Mix the basic compound and the alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir to obtain a solution III evenly.

The basic compound is potassium hydroxide; the alcohol solvent is ethylene glycol; the stirring is magnetic stirring; the mass ratio of the basic compound to the alcohol solvent is 1:2; the heating method is direct Heating; the heating temperature is 30°C; the stirrer speed is 100r/min; the heating and stirring time is 30min;

Step 4: Put solution I, solution II, and solution III in a three-necked flask, heat and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

The heating method is direct heating; the stirring is magnetic stirring; the heating temperature is 20°C; the stirrer speed is 100r/min; the heating and stirring time is 20min;

Step 5: Inject an inert gas into the mixed solution, add a reducing agent at a certain temperature, heat and stir evenly to obtain a precursor, add materials to be composited and an antioxidant to the precursor to obtain a mixed solution of tellurium nanowire composite material.

The inert gas is argon; the gas flow rate is 1L/min; the temperature is 50°C; the reducing agent is ascorbic acid; the heating method is direct heating; the heating time is 20h; the stirring method is magnetic Stir; the stirrer speed is 100r/min; the stirring time is 2h; the material that needs to be composited is Mxene and graphene; the antioxidant is ascorbic acid;

Step 6: The final product is washed with water for several times and centrifuged and dried with a mixed solvent in a certain volume ratio to obtain a solid tellurium nanowire composite material.

The mixed solvent is a mixed solvent of ethanol and water; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent is 2:3; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent to the mixed solution of the tellurium nanowire composite material is 1:3; the number of washing times is 6; the centrifugal method It is a high-speed centrifuge; the centrifugal speed is 3500r/min; the centrifugal time is 3min; the drying temperature is 100°C; the drying time is 1h; is 206nm; the reflectance of the tellurium nanowire/graphene/Mxene composite material is -26dB.

As can be seen from the XRD spectrum (Fig. 1), the diffraction peaks of the sample at 2θ=23.544°, 27.563°, 38.261°, 43.332°, 51.941°, and 61.585° correspond to (100), (101), ( 102), (111), (103), (211) structural crystal planes, which are consistent with the diffraction peak positions of the standard PDF card PDF#36-1452, indicating that Te was successfully prepared. The diffraction peaks at 2θ=25.721°, 28.263°, 29.873°, 48.163°, and 50.983° respectively correspond to (003), (101), (012), (211), (214) structural crystal planes of C ₇₀ crystals, This is consistent with the position of the diffraction peak of the standard PDF card PDF#48-1449, which echoes the SEM results in Figure 2, indicating that graphene was successfully coated. Diffraction peaks at 2θ=27.858°, 29.733°47.535°, 57.168°, 60.599° respectively correspond to (110), (200), (111), (220), (310) crystal planes of C ₃ N ₄ crystals , which is consistent with the diffraction peak position of the standard PDF card PDF#50-1512, indicating the successful preparation of Te compound nanowires prepared by the Te/graphene/Mxene system. via the Scherrer formula The crystal diameter of the Te compound nanowires prepared by the Te/graphene/Mxene system can be calculated from the half maximum width of the Te crystal plane (101) characteristic peak to be about 206nm.

The linear structure can be clearly seen from Figure 2, indicating that tellurium nanowires were successfully prepared.

It can be seen from Figure 3 that the tellurium nanowires are distributed on the surface or inside of graphene and Mxene, and the size distribution is between 200nm and 250nm. Due to the addition of graphene and Mxene, the size of the prepared nanowires is small, and the composite material presents a multilayer structure .

Figure 4 is the reflectance data when the sample content is 20% (80% paraffin). It can be seen from the figure that different thicknesses have the highest absorption values in different frequency bands, and the reflectivity below -10 (absorption rate above 90%) appears at a thickness of 1-5.5mm, and the best reflectivity at a thickness of 3mm is - 26dB. It is known that the absorption frequency band can be changed by adjusting its thickness, indicating that the tellurium nanowire can achieve a good electromagnetic wave absorption effect under the condition of low content.

Example 2:

A kind of preparation method of tellurium nanowire/copper sulfate/Mxene composite material, described method is specifically finished according to the following steps:

Step 1: Mix the tellurium source and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain ratio, heat and stir to obtain solution I evenly.

The tellurium source is tellurium trioxide; the volatile alcohol solvent is ethanol; the mass ratio of the tellurium source to the volatile alcohol solvent is 1:3; the heating is magnetic heating; rod; the stirring is mechanical stirring; the heating temperature is 40°C; the stirrer speed is 200r/min; the heating and stirring time is 20min;

Step 2: Mix the surfactant and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir evenly to obtain solution II.

The surfactant is cetyl ammonium bromide; the volatile alcohol solvent is ethanol; the mass ratio of the surfactant to the alcohol solvent is 1:3; the heating is magnetic heating; The heating temperature is 50°C; the speed of the stirrer is 200r/min; the heating and stirring time is 40min;

Step 3: Mix the basic compound and the alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir to obtain a solution III evenly.

The basic compound is sodium hydroxide; the alcoholic solvent is ethanol; the stirring is mechanical stirring; the mass ratio of the basic compound to the alcoholic solvent is 1:3; the heating is magnetic heating; The heating temperature is 40°C; the stirrer speed is 200r/min; the heating and stirring time is 30min;

Step 4: Put solution I, solution II, and solution III in a three-necked flask, heat and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

The heating is magnetic heating; the stirring is mechanical stirring; the heating temperature is 30°C; the stirrer speed is 200r/min; the heating and stirring time is 40min;

Step 5: Inject an inert gas into the mixed solution, add a reducing agent at a certain temperature, heat and stir evenly to obtain a precursor, add materials to be composited and an antioxidant to the precursor to obtain a mixed solution of tellurium nanowire composite material.

The inert gas is helium; the gas flow rate is 2L/min; the temperature is: 60°C; the reducing agent is sodium borohydride; the heating is magnetic heating; the heating time is 40h; For mechanical stirring; the stirrer rotating speed is 200r/min; the stirring time is 3h; the material that needs to be compounded is Mxene, copper sulfate; the antioxidant is sodium borohydride;

Step 6: The final product is washed with water for several times and centrifuged and dried with a mixed solvent in a certain volume ratio to obtain a solid tellurium nanowire composite material.

The mixed solvent is a mixed solvent of ethanol and water; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent is 2:3; the mass ratio of the mixed solvent to the mixed solution of the tellurium nanowire composite material is 1:3; the number of washing times is 7 times; the centrifugal method It is a high-speed centrifuge; the centrifugal speed is 4000r/min; the centrifugal time is 4min; the drying temperature is 150°C; the drying time is 2h; is 203nm; the reflectance of the tellurium nanowire/copper sulfate/Mxene composite material is -25dB.

Example 3:

A kind of preparation method of tellurium nanowire/nickel nitrate/Mxene composite material, described method is specifically finished according to the following steps:

Step 1: Mix the tellurium source and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain ratio, heat and stir to obtain solution I evenly.

The tellurium source is sodium tellurite; the volatile alcohol solvent is glycerol; the mass ratio of the tellurium source to the volatile alcohol solvent is 1:4; the heating is direct heating; the heating The device is an infrared heater; the stirring is a magnetic stirring; the heating temperature is 50°C; the stirring speed is 400r/min; the heating and stirring time is 40min;

Step 2: Mix the surfactant and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir evenly to obtain solution II.

The surfactant is sodium oleate; the volatile alcohol solvent is glycerol; the mass ratio of the surfactant to the alcohol solvent is 1:4; the heating is direct heating; the heating temperature 60°C; the stirrer speed is 400r/min; the heating and stirring time is 40min;

Step 3: Mix the basic compound and the alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir to obtain a solution III evenly.

The basic compound is triethanolamine; the alcohol solvent is glycerol; the stirring is magnetic stirring; the mass ratio of the basic compound to the alcohol solvent is 1:4; the heating is direct heating; The heating temperature is 50°C; the stirrer speed is 400r/min; the heating and stirring time is 50min;

Step 4: Put solution I, solution II, and solution III in a three-necked flask, heat and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

The heating is direct heating; the stirring is magnetic stirring; the heating temperature is 40°C; the stirrer speed is 300r/min; the heating and stirring time is 40min;

Step 5: Inject an inert gas into the mixed solution, add a reducing agent at a certain temperature, heat and stir evenly to obtain a precursor, add materials to be composited and an antioxidant to the precursor to obtain a mixed solution of tellurium nanowire composite material.

The inert gas is nitrogen; the gas flow rate is 3L/min; the temperature is 70°C; the reducing agent is stannous chloride; the heating method is direct heating; the heating time is 4h; For magnetic stirring; the stirrer rotating speed is 400r/min; the stirring time is 4h; the material that needs to be compounded is Mxene, nickel nitrate; the antioxidant is stannous chloride;

Step 6: The final product is washed with water for several times and centrifuged and dried with a mixed solvent in a certain volume ratio to obtain a solid tellurium nanowire composite material.

The mixed solvent is a mixed solvent of ethanol and water; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent is 2:5; the mass ratio of the mixed solvent to the mixed solution of the tellurium nanowire composite material is 1:4; the number of washing times is 8; It is a high-speed centrifuge; the centrifugal speed is 4000r/min; the centrifugation time is 6min; the drying temperature is 100°C; the drying time is 1h; the length of the tellurium nanowires in the tellurium nanowire composite material is 20mm; The diameter of the tellurium nanowires in the nickel nitrate/Mxene composite material is 210 nm; the reflectivity of the tellurium nanowires/nickel nitrate/Mxene composite material is -23dB.

Example 4:

A manufacturing method of a tellurium nanowire/graphene/zinc sulfate composite material is specifically completed according to the following steps.

Step 1: Mix the tellurium source and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain ratio, heat and stir to obtain solution I evenly.

The tellurium source is tellurium dioxide; the volatile alcohol solvent is isobutanol; the mass ratio of the tellurium source to the volatile alcohol solvent is 1:10; the heating is magnetic heating; the heater It is a controllable electromagnetic heating furnace; the stirring is mechanical stirring; the heating temperature is 100°C; the stirrer speed is 500r/min; the heating and stirring time is 100min;

Step 2: Mix the surfactant and the volatile alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir evenly to obtain solution II.

The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; the volatile alcohol solvent is isobutanol; the mass ratio of the surfactant to the alcohol solvent is 1:8; the heating is magnetic heating ; The heating temperature is 90°C; the stirrer speed is 600r/min; the heating and stirring time is 80min;

Step 3: Mix the basic compound and the alcohol solvent in a certain proportion, heat and stir to obtain a solution III evenly.

The basic compound is methylamine; the alcohol solvent is methanol; the stirring is mechanical stirring; the mass ratio of the basic compound to the alcohol solvent is 1:8; the heating is magnetic heating; The heating temperature is 90°C; the speed of the stirrer is 500r/min; the heating and stirring time is 90min;

Step 4: Put solution I, solution II, and solution III in a three-necked flask, heat and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

The heating is magnetic heating; the stirring is mechanical stirring; the heating temperature is 90°C; the stirrer speed is 400r/min; the heating and stirring time is 90min;

Step 5: Inject an inert gas into the mixed solution, add a reducing agent at a certain temperature, heat and stir evenly to obtain a precursor, add materials to be composited and an antioxidant to the precursor to obtain a mixed solution of tellurium nanowire composite material.

The inert gas is argon; the gas flow rate is 5L/min; the temperature is 100°C; the reducing agent is oxalic acid; the heating is magnetic heating, etc.; the heating time is 5h; the stirring method is mechanical Stir; the stirrer rotating speed is 600r/min; the stirring time is 5h; the material that needs to be composited is graphene, zinc sulfate; the antioxidant is oxalic acid;

Step 6: The final product is washed with water for several times and centrifuged and dried with a mixed solvent in a certain volume ratio to obtain a solid tellurium nanowire composite material.

The mixed solvent is a mixed solvent of ethanol and water; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent is 2:7; the mass ratio of the mixed solvent to the mixed solution of the tellurium nanowire composite material is 1:5; the number of washing times is 9 times; the centrifugal method It is a high-speed centrifuge; the centrifugal speed is 4000r/min; the centrifugal time is 6min; the drying temperature is 150°C; the drying time is 2h; the length of the tellurium nanowires in the tellurium nanowire/graphene/zinc sulfate composite material is 18mm; The diameter of the tellurium nanowires in the tellurium nanowire/graphene/zinc sulfate composite material is 200 nm; the reflectivity of the tellurium nanowire/graphene/zinc sulfate composite material is -24dB.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:

step one: mixing a tellurium source with a volatilizable alcohol solvent, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a solution I;

step two: mixing, heating and uniformly stirring a surfactant and a volatilizable alcohol solvent to obtain a solution II;

step three: mixing an alkaline compound with an alcohol solvent, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a solution III;

step four: heating and uniformly stirring the solution I, the solution II and the solution III to obtain a mixed solution;

step five: introducing inert gas into the mixed solution, adding a reducing agent, heating and stirring uniformly to obtain a precursor, and adding a material to be compounded and an antioxidant into the precursor to obtain a tellurium nanowire composite material mixed solution;

step six: and (3) washing the final product with the mixed solvent for multiple times, and centrifugally drying to obtain the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material.

2. The method for preparing the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the tellurium source is one or more of tellurium dioxide, tellurium trioxide or sodium tellurite; the volatilizable alcohol solvent is one or more of glycol, ethanol, glycerol, isobutanol or methanol; the mass ratio of the tellurium source to the volatilizable alcohol solvent is 1:1 to 10; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating, and the used heater is one of a controllable electromagnetic heating furnace, a heating rod or an infrared heater; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the stirring rotating speed is 50-500 r/min; the heating temperature is 25-100 ℃; the heating and stirring time is 10 min-100 min.

3. The method for preparing the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the surfactant is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyl ammonium bromide, sodium oleate, octadecylamine, sodium laurate, sodium stearate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the volatilizable alcohol solvent is one or more of glycol, ethanol, glycerol, isobutanol or methanol; the mass ratio of the surfactant to the alcohol solvent is 1:1 to 8; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the heating temperature is 30-90 ℃; the rotating speed of the stirrer is 30 r/min-600 r/min; the heating and stirring time is 20-80 min.

4. The method for preparing the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the alkaline compound is one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, methylamine, urea, ethylamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine or isopropylamine; the alcohol solvent is one or more of glycol, ethanol, glycerol, isobutanol or methanol; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring; the mass ratio of the alkaline compound to the alcohol solvent is 1:1 to 8; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the heating temperature is 20-90 ℃; the rotating speed of the stirrer is 30 r/min-500 r/min; the heating and stirring time is 20-90 min.

5. The method for preparing the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring; the heating temperature is 10-90 ℃; the rotating speed of the stirrer is 20 r/min-400 r/min; the heating and stirring time is 10 min-90 min.

6. The method for preparing the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen and argon, and the gas flow rate is 0.1L/min-5L/min; the temperature is 40-200 ℃; the reducing agent is one or more of ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, stannous chloride, oxalic acid or potassium borohydride; the heating is direct heating or magnetic heating; the heating time is 1-60 h; the stirring is magnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the rotating speed is 50-800 r/min; the stirring time is 1-60 h; the material to be compounded is one or more of Mxene, graphene, copper sulfate, nickel nitrate or zinc sulfate; the antioxidant is one or more of ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, stannous chloride, oxalic acid or potassium borohydride.

7. The method for preparing the tellurium nanowire multi-element composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, the mixed solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water is 2:1 to 10; the volume ratio of the mixed solvent to the tellurium nanowire composite material mixed solution is 1:2 to 10; the washing times are 5-10 times; the centrifugal mode is a high-speed centrifugal machine; the speed of the centrifugation is 3000 r/min-5000 r/min, and the time is 2 min-20 min; the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃ and the drying time is 1-2 h.