CN116538879A - Accurate measurement and calibration method for 30-degree angle value of sine gauge - Google Patents
Accurate measurement and calibration method for 30-degree angle value of sine gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN116538879A CN116538879A CN202310632558.0A CN202310632558A CN116538879A CN 116538879 A CN116538879 A CN 116538879A CN 202310632558 A CN202310632558 A CN 202310632558A CN 116538879 A CN116538879 A CN 116538879A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B3/56—Gauges for measuring angles or tapers, e.g. conical calipers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B5/242—Sine bars; Sine plates
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Abstract
The invention provides a precise measurement and calibration method for a 30-degree angle value of a sine gauge, wherein the method adopts a three-coordinate measurement device to be matched with positioning arrangement on a marble slab so as to realize accurate measurement and calibration of the sine gauge. The invention provides a high-efficiency precise measuring method for a 30-degree angle value of a sine gauge based on a measuring coordinate value principle, which improves the measuring precision of a distance l between two points of an angle block measuring surface A, B from 5mm to 0.1mm, eliminates the risk of qualified erroneous judgment and greatly improves the measuring calibration efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geometric angle measurement, and particularly relates to a measuring method for precisely calibrating a 30-degree angle value of a sine gauge.
Background
The sine gauge is a precise measuring tool for measuring angles by using a trigonometric function method, is generally used for measuring parts with taper or angles, and has the angle measurement precision of +/-10 '- +/-30', so that the sine gauge is widely used for precise angle measurement of each working procedure of parts in the machining process.
According to the rule in the current and effective national metrological verification rule JJJG 37-2005 sine rule, the 30-degree angle value of the sine rule is required to be measured and calibrated, and the calibration process adopts a simple meter frame direct measurement method. Directly placing the sine gauge in a 0-level marble Dan Pingban, and combining a 0-level angle block, a three-equal-block and a measured sine gauge of the standard machine to be in a calibration state, as shown in fig. 1; and performing marking reading at two positions of the measuring surface A, B of the 0-level angle block by using a micrometer, and calculating the 30-degree angle value of the sine gauge by using a trigonometric function.
The measurement and calibration of the 30-degree angle value of the sine gauge is based on a measurement principle formula (1):
wherein: delta alpha-sine gauge deviation, (");
a. b-the readings of the micrometer at A, B points, μm;
l-distance between A, B points of micrometer (should be not less than 66 mm), mm;
Δi—standard angular value deviation, (").
As can be seen from the above formula, the calibration of the 30 ° angle Δα measurement of the sine gauge involves three variables: (1) the difference [ b-a ] between two point reading values of the micrometer on the angle block measuring surface A, B can be measured by the micrometer; (2) standard angle value deviation delta i is given by the verification of the superior metering department; (3) the micrometer measures the distance l between the A, B points. Moving the simple meter frame may make the l-value measurement inaccurate due to the operational differences between the measuring staff. For example, when [ b-a ] =5 μm, Δi=0.3 ", assume that the micrometer measures l=66 mm and l=70 mm between two points of A, B, respectively. Substituting each parameter into formula (1) yields an angular deviation Δα of 16.2 "and 15.0", respectively, and a measurement uncertainty u=5 ", k=2 (including a probability of about 95%). It can be seen that in the extreme case, a distance l of 4mm between the two points of A, B of the micrometer results in a deviation of 1.2 "in the sine gauge angle value, whereas the 1 st order sine gauge requires an error better than + -15", and this 1.2 "difference may lead to a false acceptance of a qualified sine gauge.
Therefore, the means for calibrating the sine gauge by the current common "simple meter frame direct measurement method" has the advantages of simplicity, economy, strong operability and convenience, but unavoidable problems: (1) in the measuring process, the meter frame is manually moved to cause deviation, so that the accurate value of the distance between the A, B two points cannot be obtained, and the calibration accuracy is influenced; (2) the angle block is vertically arranged on the measuring surface of the sine gauge, and a fixing device is not arranged, so that the stability is insufficient, and the measuring operation is influenced; (3) the etalon combining process is cumbersome and time consuming, especially with low measurement efficiency for new personnel. When a machining enterprise performs large-batch sine gauge measurement calibration, the simple meter rack direct measurement method greatly influences the sine gauge measurement calibration efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency and precise measuring method for the 30-degree angle value of the sine gauge based on the principle of measuring coordinate values, which improves the measuring precision of the distance l between two points of an angle block measuring surface A, B from 5mm to 0.1mm, eliminates the risk of qualified erroneous judgment and greatly improves the measuring calibration efficiency.
The invention relates to a sine gauge (three) coordinate measuring device based on the principle of measuring coordinate values and based on the principle of measuring by a three-coordinate measuring machine, which consists of a mechanical transmission mechanism, a stepping motor, a grating displacement sensor and a controller. During measurement, the sine gauge to be measured and the combined standard device are placed in a preset measurement position, after two points of an angle block measurement surface A, B are set, a controller of the three-coordinate measurement device controls a stepping motor to drive a mechanical transmission mechanism to enable the micrometer to move to a specified position, and a grating displacement sensor automatically measures A, B two-point three-dimensional coordinate data [ x ] 1i ，y 1i ，z 1i ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]Wherein [ b-a ]]＝[z 2i -z 1i ]The sine gauge deviation can be obtained by data processing according to the formula (1), and all parameters to be measured can be obtained by one-time measurement through the design.
Specifically, the invention provides a precise measurement and calibration method for a 30-degree angle value of a sine gauge, which is based on a measurement principle formula of the following formula (1):
wherein: delta alpha-sine gauge 30 degree angle deviation, unit ";
a. b-the readings of the micrometer at two points A, B on a standard angle block are respectively given in units of mum;
l-micrometer at A, B, unit mm;
Δi—standard angular value deviation, units ";
the method adopts a three-coordinate measuring device to be matched with positioning arrangement on a marble slab so as to realize accurate measurement of parameters 1 and b-a in the formula (1).
The coordinate measuring device is realized by a coordinate measuring device in the principle of measuring coordinate values; the three-coordinate measuring device consists of a mechanical transmission mechanism, a stepping motor, a grating displacement sensor and a controller; wherein the controller controls the stepper motor to drive the mechanical transmission mechanism; the mechanical transmission mechanism is connected with the micrometer and used for moving the micrometer to a designated position; the grating displacement sensor is used for measuring A, B two-point three-dimensional coordinate data [ x ] on the angle block 1i ，y 1i ，z 1i ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]。
Wherein in formula (1), b-a=z 2i -z 1i 。
Further, 1 in the formula (1) is obtained by the following formula (2):
wherein l is one or more measured l i Average value of (2).
Further, the positioning on the marble slab is set as: the marble slab is provided with a longitudinal and transverse two-coordinate metal scale and a gauge block positioning concave groove, and the intersection point of the two-coordinate metal scale is taken as a sine specified origin point, so that the sine gauge assembly to be measured can be rapidly positioned to the position to be measured of the three-coordinate measuring device and is matched with the coordinate of the measurement origin point in the controller.
Furthermore, the invention provides a 30 DEG angle value precise measurement and calibration method of a sine gauge, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) A high-precision micrometer is selected, and the measurement process is carried out in a constant-temperature laboratory, wherein the temperature is 20.0 ℃ and the relative humidity is 25%. Taking a 0-level standard 30-degree angle block and a gauge block (such as a 50mm three-equal gauge block) as a measurement standard device, and combining a sine gauge to be measured, the gauge block and the 0-level standard 30-degree angle block on a 0-level marble plate to form a sine gauge to be measured combination;
(2) A metal scale with longitudinal and transverse coordinates and a gauge block positioning concave groove are designed on the 0-level marble plate; taking the intersection point of the two coordinate metal scales as a sine specific positioning origin, rapidly positioning the sine gauge assembly to be measured to the position to be measured of the three-coordinate measuring device and matching with the measurement origin coordinates in a controller of the three-coordinate measuring device;
(3) The measuring head part of the three-coordinate measuring device is provided with a high-precision micrometer and is adjusted to an origin matching position; starting a controller to control the micrometer to return to a measurement starting point, after the micrometer is set to zero, controlling the micrometer to sequentially and accurately move from an original point to a point A and a point B of a 30-degree angle block measurement surface, repeatedly measuring at least three times, and recording data [ x ] 1i ，y li ，z li ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining a A, B two-point distance 1 based on the following formula (2), and obtaining a sine gauge 30-degree angle value deviation delta alpha based on a principle formula (1);
(4) When measuring and calibrating a large number of sine gauges, circularly carrying out the measurement of the step (3) according to the serial number sequence of the sine gauges; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(5) The measurement uncertainty is optimally u=3″ and k=2 when the measured sine gauge is quantitatively evaluated for 30 ° angular deviation.
The accurate measurement and calibration method for the 30-degree angle value of the sine gauge has the advantages that:
1. the method solves the difficult problem of high-efficiency and accurate measurement of the 30-degree angle value of the sine gauge, and provides a technical approach for high-precision, low-cost and high-efficiency measurement of the plane angle of the sine gauge;
2. the invention can solve the problem of high-precision measurement of the distance value and the height difference value of two points in the measuring process of the sine gauge by one-time measurement based on the principle of measuring coordinate values, and is a brand new application of high-efficiency measurement and calibration of the sine gauge;
3. according to the description of measurement uncertainty, the method provided by the invention can measure the highest 0-level high-precision sine gauge, and the precision is improved by one level; meanwhile, the device can also be used for measuring the high-precision angle of the machined part, and has wider and convenient application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement method for calibrating a sine gauge by a simple gauge stand direct measurement method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of positioning and matching on a marble slab in a calibration method for precisely measuring 30 ° angle values of a sine gauge according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a three-coordinate measuring device in a 30 ° angle value precise measurement calibration method of a sine gauge according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary measuring process of a micrometer in a precision measuring calibration method for 30 ° angle of a sine gauge according to the present invention.
Wherein 1 is a flat plate; 2 is a front baffle; 3 is an angle block; 4 is a micrometer; 5 is a side baffle; 6 is a sine gauge; 8 is a gauge block; 12 is a stepper motor; 13 is the Z axis; 14 is the X axis; 15 is a fine tuning meter frame; 16 is the Y axis; 17 is a grating displacement sensor; 18 is a controller.
Detailed Description
The invention further describes a method for precisely measuring and calibrating 30-degree angle values of a sine gauge by referring to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a precise measuring and calibrating method for 30 DEG angle value of a sine gauge, the basic conception is based on the principle of measuring coordinate values, thus designing a sine gauge coordinate measuring device, and the sine gauge coordinate measuring device comprises a mechanical transmission mechanism (comprising an X axis 14, a Y axis 16 and a Z axis 13), a stepping motor 12 and lightThe grid displacement sensor 17 and the controller 18. During measurement, the sine gauge 6 to be measured and the combined standard device are placed in a preset measurement position, after two points of the angle block measurement surface A, B are set, the controller 18 controls the stepping motor 12 to drive the mechanical transmission mechanism to enable the micrometer 4 to move to a specified position, and the grating displacement sensor 17 automatically measures A, B two-point three-dimensional coordinate data [ x ] 1i ，y 1i ，z 1i ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]Wherein [ b-a ]]＝[z 2i -z 1i ]The sine gauge deviation can be obtained by data processing according to the formula (1), and all parameters to be measured can be obtained by one-time measurement.
Specifically, the sine gauge coordinate measuring device realizes the high-efficiency and precise measurement of the angle value of 30 degrees of the sine gauge, and the key procedure is as follows:
1. referring to fig. 1, according to the measurement principle, the ratio of the maximum allowable error inherent in the measurement device used to the corresponding value of the product required tolerance limit is 1/3 to 1/10. In the JJG 37-2005 sine rule verification procedure, the 30-degree angle value of the sine rule is determined to be required to be +/-16', and the error after linear conversion is about +/-1.5 mu m, so that the measuring instrument selects a high-precision micrometer, and the maximum allowable error is better than +/-0.5 mu m. The measurement process was carried out in a constant temperature laboratory at 20.0℃and a relative humidity of 25%. The direct measurement was performed on a 0-class marble slab 1 in a combined manner as in fig. 1, with a 0-class 30 ° angle block 3 and a 50mm three-equal block 8 as measurement standard.
2. To improve the measurement calibration efficiency, a quick-mount and positioning device is designed, as shown in fig. 2. The standard angle block 3 and the sine gauge 6 can be quickly clamped and combined into a sine gauge to-be-tested combined body by the quick clamp plate; the marble slab 1 is provided with a positioning concave groove positioning device for the metal scale with longitudinal and transverse coordinates and the gauge block 8. The intersection point of the left lower corner of the metal ruler is taken as the sine-specification locating origin point, so that the sine-specification to-be-measured assembly can be quickly located to the to-be-measured position of the sine-specification coordinate measuring device and matched with the measurement origin point coordinate in the controller 18, and the purpose of quick locating and quick measuring is achieved.
3. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the combination to be measured of the sine gauge 6 is placed at the positioning position of the marble slab 1, while the sine gauge is seatedThe measuring head part of the standard measuring device (on the fine tuning meter frame 15 at the tail end of the Z axis 13) is provided with a high-precision micrometer 4 and the relative position is adjusted. Starting the controller 18, calling out the measuring program to enable the micrometer 4 to return to the measuring initial point, starting the stepping program to enable the micrometer 4 to accurately move to the measuring surface A point and the measuring surface B point of the angle block 3 from the initial point after the micrometer 4 is set to zero, repeating the measuring process for three times, and automatically recording data [ x ] 1i ，y 1i ，z 1i ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Creating a data processing program by using Excel software VBA, writing a space two-point distance formula (2) and a principle formula (1) into the program, and automatically calculating 30-degree angle deviation of the sine gauge by using an embedded function; meanwhile, a conditional function is added to automatically judge whether the sine gauge 6 meets the grade requirement of national metrological verification regulations JJG 37-2005 sine gauge, and measurement records and data are automatically output.
4. When a large number of sine gauges are measured and calibrated, the 3 rd step is circularly executed according to the number sequence of the sine gauges to perform measurement, and after all measurement is finished, the system automatically performs data processing and judgment, so that the measurement efficiency is greatly improved; meanwhile, the sine gauge coordinate measuring device takes the precise grating as a length scale, and the accuracy of the moving distance is better than 0.1mm through feedback control.
5. By analyzing the high-efficiency precise measuring method of the angle value of the sine gauge 30 degrees based on the principle of 'measuring coordinate values', the measurement uncertainty is optimally U=3 ', k=2 (including the probability of about 95%) when the deviation of the angle value of the sine gauge 30 degrees is measured according to the used standard, and compared with the measurement uncertainty U=5', k=2 (including the probability of about 95%) of the simple frame direct measuring method, the method has the advantage of higher precision and more redundancy in the measuring process.
Obviously, as described above, such high-precision measurement of the plane angle is generally implemented by using a "simple meter frame direct measurement method", and the measurement uncertainty evaluation of the measurement result is usually larger, which may cause that the qualified sine gauge is misjudged as unqualified, and the measurement efficiency is limited by objective conditions of the measuring staff and is difficult to break through, but is a measurement method with quite accuracy and reliability.
However, the high-efficiency precise measuring method for the 30-degree angle value of the sine gauge based on the principle of measuring coordinate values has quite novelty and uniqueness: (1) the sine gauge measures and calibrates 30 DEG angle values, which has the current national metering verification regulations, and a measurer selects a standard device to operate according to steps according to the verification regulations, so that the application of the principle of measuring coordinate values is hardly considered; (2) by applying a brand new combined clamping and quick positioning method and combining a sine gauge coordinate measuring device, the distance value and the height difference value of two points can be accurately measured at one time, and the measuring efficiency and the measuring precision are greatly improved; (3) a set of efficient precise measurement solution cases is provided for measuring and calibrating a large number of sine gauges, and the method can automatically collect data and automatically process and output the data, and has great advantages in the process of measuring the large number of sine gauges.
Under the condition of the same difficulty, no other better and more economical measuring method is available at present to realize the measurement of the 30-degree angle deviation of the sine gauge.
It will be appreciated that the directional indications "left", "right", "up", "down", etc. described herein are divided by the direction of the device itself as illustrated in the examples shown in the figures. It should be understood that in the solution of the present invention, the terms upper, lower, left, right, etc. are interchangeable and do not limit the essence of the solution.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but is to be construed as limiting the invention to any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical matter of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A sine gauge 30 DEG angle value precision measurement calibration method is disclosed, which is based on the measurement principle formula of the following formula (1):
wherein: delta alpha-sine gauge 30 degree angle deviation, ";
a. b-the readings of the micrometer at two points A, B on the standard angle block are respectively shown in the specification;
l-distance between A, B points of micrometer, mm;
Δi—standard angular value deviation ";
the method is characterized in that a three-coordinate measuring device is matched with positioning arrangement on a marble slab to realize accurate measurement of the formula (1).
2. The accurate measurement and calibration method for 30-degree angle values of a sine gauge according to claim 1, wherein the three-coordinate measurement device consists of a mechanical transmission mechanism, a stepping motor, a grating displacement sensor and a controller; wherein the controller controls the stepper motor to drive the mechanical transmission mechanism; the mechanical transmission mechanism is connected with the micrometer and used for moving the micrometer to a designated position; the grating displacement sensor is used for measuring A, B two-point three-dimensional coordinate data [ x ] on the angle block 1i ，y 1i ，z 1i ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]。
3. The precise measurement and calibration method for 30 ° angle value of a sine gauge according to claim 2, wherein in formula (1), b-a=z 2i -z 1i 。
4. A method of calibrating accurate measurement of 30 ° angle values of a sinusoidal gauge according to claim 2 or 3, wherein l in formula (1) is obtained by the following formula (2):
wherein l is one or more measured l i Average value of (2).
5. The method for precisely measuring and calibrating 30-degree angle values of a sine gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the positioning on the marble slab is set as follows: the marble slab is provided with a longitudinal and transverse two-coordinate metal scale and a gauge block positioning concave groove, and the intersection point of the two-coordinate metal scale is taken as a sine specified origin point, so that the sine gauge assembly to be measured can be rapidly positioned to the position to be measured of the three-coordinate measuring device and is matched with the coordinate of the measurement origin point in the controller.
6. The accurate measurement and calibration method for 30 DEG angle values of a sine gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a high-precision micrometer, wherein the measurement process is carried out in a constant-temperature laboratory, the temperature is 20.0 ℃, and the relative humidity is 25%; the method comprises the steps that a 0-level standard 30-degree angle block and a gauge block are used as measurement standard devices, and a sine gauge to be measured, the gauge block and the 0-level standard 30-degree angle block are combined on a 0-level marble flat plate to form a sine gauge to be measured combined body;
(2) A metal scale with longitudinal and transverse coordinates and a gauge block positioning concave groove are designed on the 0-level marble plate; taking the intersection point of the two coordinate metal scales as a sine specific positioning origin, rapidly positioning the sine gauge assembly to be measured to the position to be measured of the three-coordinate measuring device and matching with the measurement origin coordinates in a controller of the three-coordinate measuring device;
(3) The measuring head part of the three-coordinate measuring device is provided with a high-precision micrometer and is adjusted to an origin matching position; starting a controller to control the micrometer to return to a measurement starting point, after the micrometer is set to zero, controlling the micrometer to sequentially and accurately move from an original point to a point A and a point B of a 30-degree angle block measurement surface, repeatedly measuring at least three times, and recording data [ x ] 1i ，y 1i ，z 1i ]And [ x ] 2i ，y 2i ，z 2i ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance l between the two points of A, B is obtained based on the following formula (2) and based on the principle formula1) Obtaining a sine gauge 30-degree angle value deviation delta alpha;
(4) When measuring and calibrating a large number of sine gauges, circularly carrying out the measurement of the step (3) according to the serial number sequence of the sine gauges;
(5) The measurement uncertainty is optimally u=3″ and k=2 when the measured sine gauge is quantitatively evaluated for 30 ° angular deviation.
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| CN118392090A (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-07-26 | 七海测量技术（深圳）有限公司 | Measuring head conversion device of three-coordinate measuring machine |
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| CN118392090A (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-07-26 | 七海测量技术（深圳）有限公司 | Measuring head conversion device of three-coordinate measuring machine |
| CN118392090B (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-10-01 | 七海测量技术（深圳）有限公司 | Measuring head conversion device of three-coordinate measuring machine |
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