CN116529064A - Vehicle Composite Glass Panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle composite glass pane (100) which is designed as a combined front glass pane and top glass pane, has a lower edge and an upper edge and two lateral glass pane edges, and comprises at least an outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II), wherein the vehicle composite glass pane (100) has a first region (A1) starting from the lower edge and a second region (A2) which is connected to the first region (A1) and extends to the upper edge, said first region being designed as a front glass pane, said second region being designed as a top glass pane, the first inner glass pane (2.1) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV) having substantially the dimensions of the first region (A1), and the outer side surface (III) (only) of the first inner glass pane (2.1) is firmly joined in the first region (A1) to the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1).

Description

Vehicle Composite Glass Panels

The invention relates to vehicle composite glass panels designed as combined front and roof glass panels with a continuous seamless outer glass panel, in particular combined windshield panels and roof glass for passenger vehicles boards, and their uses.

Panoramic glass panes, in particular panoramic windshield panes which extend towards the top and allow vehicle occupants to have a wider field of view than normal standard windshield panes are gaining popularity in vehicle construction, see for example EP 1 859975 A2 , US 2015/367782 A1, US 5 009 463 A, WO 2020/109984 A1 or US 4 712 287 A. Such panorama panes are relatively large due to the widened pane area and viewing area. Vehicles with a panoramic glass pane usually also have a relatively large roof glass pane which is mounted closely or snugly adjacent to the panoramic windshield pane, see eg EP 1 068 969 A1.

EP 3 157 774 B1 discloses vehicle glazing comprising a windshield panel, the upper edge of which is extended in such a way that it provides the driver with an extended vertical viewing angle of at least 45 degrees, as in SAE Standard J903 of 1999 Said, where the windshield has two layers of glass and an electric sun visor integrated in between. The windscreen disclosed in EP 3 157 774 B1 may also comprise the entire top and even the rear glass panel. Here, electrical wires, transparent conductive films or other forms of resistive heating, infrared reflective coatings and films, reflective coatings and films, photochromic coatings and films, coloring compositions and intermediates can also be integrated in vehicle glazing layer and the heat-absorbing, safety and hardening intermediate layer.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved vehicle composite glass panel having a continuous seamless outer glass panel.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a vehicle composite glass pane according to independent claim 1 . Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

The vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention is designed as a combined front and top glass pane, has a lower edge, an upper edge and two side glass pane edges, and comprises an outer glass pane with an outer side surface and an inner side surface, A first inner glass pane having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, wherein the vehicle composite glass pane has a first region from a lower edge and a second region from an upper edge, and the regions adjoin each other. The first inner glass pane is preferably firmly bonded with its outer surface to the inner surface of the outer glass pane only in the first region. In this case, the dimensions of the first inner pane substantially correspond to the dimensions of the first region.

The first region of the vehicle composite pane is designed such that it is suitable as a front pane or windscreen of a vehicle and preferably complies with the corresponding legal requirements, for example according to ECE R43. The second area is designed so that it is suitable as the top glass panel of the vehicle.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, in the second region at least one other second inner glass pane having an outer side surface is firmly bonded to the inner side surface of the outer glass pane.

Thus, a vehicle composite glass panel according to the present invention has a single, continuous, seamless outer glass panel and one or more inner glass panels that are partially formed and firmly bonded to the inside surface of the outer glass panel.

In another advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first inner glass pane and/or the second inner glass pane or other inner glass panes are bonded to the outer glass pane by lamination via at least one thermoplastic interlayer Join firmly. It will be appreciated that the inner glass pane may be laminated to the outer glass pane with a plurality of thermoplastic interlayers, preferably each inner glass pane is separately laminated with a thermoplastic interlayer.

Each thermoplastic intermediate layer can have one or more individual layers bonded to one another in the form of surfaces.

In an alternative advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first inner glass pane and/or the second inner glass pane or other inner glass panes are passed through an optically clear adhesive (OCA, Optically Clear Adhesive), Particularly preferred is a liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA, Liquid Optically Clear Adhesive) or an optically clear double-sided adhesive tape that is firmly bonded to the outer glass pane. Advantageous optically clear adhesives are adhesives based on silicone, epoxy or polyurethane. Typical optically clear adhesives, especially liquid optically clear adhesives, can be cured (activated) by UV light, heat or chemically (two-component OCA).

It should be understood that lamination via thermoplastic interlayers and gluing via optically clear adhesives may be combined in vehicle composite glass panels. For example, a first inner glass pane may be laminated to the outer glass pane in a first region with a thermoplastic interlayer, and a second inner glass pane glued to the outer glass pane in a second region with an optically clear adhesive.

As noted above, the vehicle composite glass panel has a first region from a lower edge and a second region from an upper edge. The two regions adjoin each other in the transition region U.

As mentioned above, the vehicle composite glass pane includes an outer glass pane and at least one first inner glass pane rigidly bonded to each other. Vehicle composite glass panels are arranged in window openings, in particular in vehicle window openings, to separate an interior space from the outside environment. In the context of the present invention, an inner glass pane refers to the glass pane of the vehicle composite glass pane facing the vehicle interior. The outer glass pane is the glass pane facing the external environment.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, both the first area serving as the front glass pane and the second area serving as the roof glass pane are designed outwardly with respect to the vehicle interior. bending. In an alternative advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the first region serving as the front glass pane is designed to be curved outwards with respect to the vehicle interior and is used as the top glass pane. The second region is designed to be curved inwards with respect to the vehicle interior.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the overall radius of curvature R1 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the first region is less than or equal to 25000 mm, preferably less than or equal to 15000 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 10000 mm . In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the vehicle composite glass pane has a radius of curvature R1 of less than or equal to 2000 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1000 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 500 mm, especially less than or equal to 50 mm. In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the overall radius of curvature R2 of the vehicle composite glass pane in the second region is less than or equal to 25000 mm, preferably less than or equal to 15000 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 10000 mm . In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the vehicle composite glass pane is in the region close to the edge, in particular at the connection of the first region to the second region or the second region to the third region The radius of curvature R2 at is less than or equal to 2000 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1000 mm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 500 mm, especially less than or equal to 50 mm.

In another advantageous embodiment, the angle δ (delta) of the first region at the lower edge to the horizontal is 10° to 80°, preferably 20° to 60°.

In another advantageous embodiment, the angle γ (gamma) of the second region at the top edge to the horizontal is -20° to +20°, preferably -10° to +10°.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the angle (α+β) between the first region and the second region is smaller than or equal to 180°. In the installed position in the vehicle, the second region serving as the roof pane is preferably arranged substantially horizontally, ie at an angle β (beta) of eg approximately 90° to the vertical.

In another advantageous embodiment, the area of the first region is at least 10%, preferably 10% to 90%, in particular Preferably 20% to 60%. In another advantageous embodiment, the area of the second region is at least 10%, preferably 10% to 90%, particularly preferably 20% to 60%, of the area of the outer pane.

As noted above, the vehicle composite glass panel has upper and lower edges and two side edges extending therebetween. The upper edge refers to the edge which is arranged to point backwards/upwards in the installed position. The lower edge refers to the edge which is arranged to point downwards/forwards in the installed position. In the case of a vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention which is designed as a combined front glass pane and roof glass pane, in the installed position in the vehicle, the upper edge corresponds to the rear side positioned in the direction of the rear glass pane. The top edge, and the lower edge corresponds to the engine edge. The vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention therefore advantageously extends from the engine edge to the rear top edge.

As noted above, the outer glass pane(s) and inner glass pane(s) each have an outer side surface and an inner side surface. Extending between them are surrounding sides, which are often also referred to as side edges. In the sense of the present invention, an outer side surface refers to the main surface which is arranged to face the external environment in the installed position. In the sense of the present invention, an inner side surface refers to a main surface which is arranged to face the inner space in the installed position. The inner side surface of the outer glass sheet and the outer side surface of the inner glass sheet face each other.

The surfaces of the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane are usually identified as follows: The outer surface of the outer glass pane is called the I-side. The inner surface of the outer glass sheet is called the II face. The outer surface of the inner pane is called the III plane. The inside surface of the inner glass sheet is called the IV face.

In an advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, a sun protection coating is applied on the inside surface of the outer glass pane, which substantially reflects or absorbs light outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, especially infrared rays. It should be understood that such a sun protection coating can also be arranged on the outer surface of one or more inner glass panes.

The sun protection coating is preferably provided as an IR reflective coating. In particular, the coating is applied over the entire surface of the glass pane, with the exception of surrounding edge areas and optional partial areas, which as communication, sensor or camera windows should ensure the penetration of electromagnetic radiation through the laminated glass pane. Transmissive and therefore not equipped with coating. The width of the surrounding uncoated edge region is, for example, up to 20 cm. It prevents the coating from coming into direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere, thereby protecting the coating inside the laminated glass pane from corrosion and damage.

Sunscreen coatings should be manufactured as clear coats. A transparent coating is understood to mean a coating which has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, which therefore does not significantly restrict the perspective through the glass pane. In particular, according to ECE R43, a total transmission of at least 70% must be applied to windscreen panels.

If the first layer is arranged above the second layer, this means in the sense of the invention that the first layer is arranged farther from the outer glass pane than the second layer. If the first layer is arranged below the second layer, this means in the sense of the invention that the second layer is arranged farther from the outer glass pane than the first layer.

If a layer is based on a material, the layer consists essentially of this material, in particular essentially except for possible impurities or dopants.

The sun protection coating is preferably a layer stack or layer sequence, which is produced in particular from thin layers comprising a plurality of silver layers, wherein each silver layer is arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences in each case. These dielectric layers or layer sequences are called dielectric modules. A dielectric module is thus understood to mean a dielectric layer which may be formed from a single layer, ie a single dielectric layer, or from a plurality of dielectric layer sublayers.

The sun protection coating has IR reflective properties such that it acts as a sun protection coating reducing heating of the interior of the vehicle by reflecting thermal radiation. The TTS value of the vehicle composite glass pane equipped with this coating is preferably less than 50%, particularly preferably less than 45%, very particularly preferably less than 40%. The total transmitted solar energy measured according to ISO 13837 is called the TTS value - it is a measure of thermal comfort. The coating can also be used as a heating coating if it is in electrical contact so that the current that heats the coating flows through it.

The sun protection coating is preferably applied on the inner surface of the outer glass pane or on the outer surface of the inner glass pane. In this way, the sun protection coating is protected from the weather in the laminate of the composite glass panels of the vehicle. It is advantageous for a particularly good sun protection effect to position the sun protection coating on the inner surface of the outer glass pane, ie as close as possible to the outer side of the outer glass pane. In contrast, a sun protection coating on the outer surface of the inner glass pane is technically easier to produce. Both are further optimized through the use of transparent untinted exterior glass panels.

The outer pane and the inner pane(s) are preferably made of glass, especially soda-lime glass, which is commonly used for window panes. In principle, however, the glass pane can also be made of other types of glass (eg borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass) or transparent plastic (eg polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate). The thickness of the outer and inner glass sheets can vary widely. Preference is given to using glass plates with a thickness of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1.4 mm to 2.9 mm, for example those with a standard thickness of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm. In particular, thin glass, preferably chemically hardened thin glass, with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm can also be used for the second inner glass pane.

Alternatively, the second inner glass pane may in particular contain or consist of transparent plastic, preferably rigid transparent plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester , polyvinyl chloride and/or their mixtures.

The outer glass pane and the inner glass pane(s) can be clear and colorless, but can also be tinted or tinted. As mentioned above, the first region of the vehicle composite glass pane corresponds in the installed position to the windshield pane, in which a high transmittance in the visible spectral range is therefore desired and dark shades of the component are canceled. In one embodiment, based on light type A, the total transmission through the composite glass in the first region is greater than 70%. The term total transmittance is based on the method for testing the light transmittance of glass panels for motor vehicles specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1. The outer glass pane and the inner glass pane can be non-prestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of each other. If at least one of the glass panes is to have a prestress, this can be thermal or chemical. In an advantageous embodiment, the outer glass pane is prestressed or partially prestressed, in particular if no second inner glass pane is arranged in the second region.

The vehicle composite glass panel is curved in one or more directions in space, as is generally common for automotive glass panels, with a typical radius of curvature of about 10 cm to about 40 m. Consequently, the outer and inner glass panes are also curved in one or more directions in space.

The thermoplastic interlayer is formed from one or more thermoplastic films, wherein the individual films in the resulting interlayer are optionally no longer distinguishable from each other in the resulting vehicle composite glass pane.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1 mm. The thermoplastic interlayer may comprise one or more polymer films. The individual polymer films of the thermoplastic interlayer preferably have a thickness of about 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm or 0.81 mm. Through the thickness of the film, other properties of the composite glass pane of the vehicle can be affected. For example, a thicker film leads to an improved sound damping effect (especially if it contains an acoustically effective core), increased theft resistance of the vehicle's composite glass pane and enhanced protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV protection). The thermoplastic interlayer may be of constant thickness or tapered, for example to enable a head-up display (HUD) in a vehicle composite glass panel.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the vehicle composite glass pane may have thermal Radiant reflective coating, which reduces heat transfer.

Such thermal radiation reflective coatings are known, for example, from WO 2013/131667 A1 or WO 2019/110172 A1. Thermal radiation reflective coatings may also be referred to as thermal barrier coatings, low emissivity coatings, reduced emissivity coatings, low emissivity coatings or low emissivity layers. Its purpose is to reflect thermal radiation, especially IR radiation, which has a longer wavelength than the IR portion of solar radiation. Low-E coatings reflect heat back into the interior and reduce cooling of the interior when the exterior temperature is high. In case of high external temperatures, in addition to the sun protection coating, the low-E coating reflects thermal radiation from the heated composite glass panels of the vehicle to the outside and reduces the heating of the interior space. Together with the sun protection coating, the low-E coating is particularly effective in reducing heat radiation from the glass panes to the interior space in summer and to the exterior environment in winter.

The thermal radiation reflective coating preferably comprises a functional layer comprising a conductive oxide (also called transparent conductive oxide or TCO), preferably indium tin oxide (ITO) or tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), arranged between dielectric layers . The dielectric layer can especially be formed from a dielectric oxide or nitride, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, TiO ₂ , SiO ₂ or Si ₃ N ₄ .

However, the functional layer of the thermal radiation reflective coating can also contain other conductive oxides, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide ( _SnO2 :Sb), indium zinc mixed oxide ( IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate and/or zinc stannate. This achieves particularly good results with regard to the emissivity and bendability of the coating.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal radiation reflective coating has an emissivity of at most 50%, preferably at most 30%. The emissivity of the inside is here meant to indicate how much heat radiation is emitted by a glass pane with a heat-radiation-reflecting coating in the installed position into the interior, for example in a building or vehicle, compared to an ideal heat radiator (black body). measure. In the sense of the present invention, emissivity is understood to mean the standard emissivity at 283K according to standard EN 12898.

The vehicle composite glass pane preferably has an external energy reflectivity of RE > 36%, preferably RE > 39%. The energy value RE is calculated according to standard ISO 9050.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer may preferably be colored or colored at least in the second region. In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is colored or colored not only in the second region, but also at the upper edge in the first region, wherein the dye concentration in the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region is preferably towards the lower edge direction lowered. Thus, in this embodiment, the thermoplastic interlayer preferably has a color gradient.

Advantageously, the inner side surface of the outer pane has an opaque cover print at least in the region of the surrounding edge of the composite pane of the vehicle. In addition to the opaque cover print in the surrounding edge region, the vehicle composite glass pane may also have an opaque cover print in the transition region between the first region and the second region. It covers the view to the end of the first inner glass pane located below it or to the transition between the first inner glass pane and the second inner glass pane. The cover print optionally widens in at least one region into the first region and may optionally have at least one recess for the sensor window.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the transition region between the first region and the second region, on the inner side surface of the composite glass pane of the vehicle according to the invention is arranged, preferably glued or extruded, an outer mounting .

The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be designed in one piece or consist of several parts welded together.

In one embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the vehicle composite glass pane also has an opaque cover print in the region between the first region and the second region, and the thermoplastic interlayer consists of Two parts that are welded together, wherein the weld seam is arranged in the transition region in which the opaque cover print is arranged when viewed vertically from the outside. As a result, the weld seam is hidden by the opaque overlay print when viewed vertically from the outside.

The opaque cover print can be designed, for example, as opaque enamel or opaque lacquer. Suitable enamels or lacquers are known to those skilled in the art.

The opaque cover print preferably comprises at least one pigment and glass frit. It may contain other chemical compounds. The glass frit can be partially melted or fused, and the cover print can thus be permanently bonded (fused or sintered) to the glass surface. Pigments provide opacity to cover prints. Such overprints are usually applied as enamel.

Printing inks for forming opaque cover prints in the form of enamel preferably comprise at least pigments and frit suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), eg water or an organic solvent, eg alcohol. Pigments are usually black pigments such as pigment black (carbon black), aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.

In one embodiment of the vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, the opaque overlay print is formed from a printing ink having disintegrating properties with respect to the sun protection coating.

For example, the disintegration behavior of the printing ink relative to the sunscreen coating can be achieved by suitable selection of the glass frit. It is preferably formed based on bismuth zinc borate. In order to achieve disintegration properties, the bismuth content and/or boron content are preferably higher than the case with conventional glass frits. For example, it is also possible to use the decomposing overlay print known from WO 2014/133929 A2.

Alternatively, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also assume the covering function by correspondingly coloring the edges or transition regions.

The vehicle composite pane according to the invention can additionally comprise at least one functional element, preferably a switchable functional element, and/or at least one lighting element. The functional element is preferably arranged in the second region of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention. However, it can also be arranged in the first region.

Examples of switchable functional elements are SPD functional elements (SPD=suspended particle device), which are known, for example, from EP0876608 B1 and WO 2011033313 A1. Via the applied voltage, the transmission of visible light through the SPD functional element can be controlled.

Another example is a PDLC functional element (PDLC=polymer dispersed liquid crystal), which is known, for example, from DE 10 2008 026 339 A1. The active layer here contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are arranged in a disordered manner, which causes strong scattering of light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the planar electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and increase the transmission of light through the active layer.

Another example is a PNLC functional element (PNLC=polymer network liquid crystal). The active layer here contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer network, wherein the function is otherwise similar to the case of PDLC functional elements.

Further examples are electrochromic functional elements or functional elements with liquid crystal dye units (so-called guest-host units).

SPD, PDLC and PNLC functional elements, electrochromic functional elements and functional elements with liquid crystal dye units are commercially available as functional elements.

Examples of lighting elements are eg LED lamps (LED=Light Emitting Diode) or OLED lamps (OLED=Organic Light Emitting Diode) or light-scattering glass fibers. A person skilled in the art knows suitable lighting devices for installation in a vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention. It is also possible to couple the light into the composite glass pane via the edges of the carrier and then couple it out again, for example through holes in the inner pane of the composite glass pane.

Further functional elements can be antennas, heating layers, heating wires or printed heating conductors, etc. Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle comprising a vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention, wherein the first region is arranged as a front glass pane and the second region is arranged as a roof glass pane.

The invention also includes a method of manufacturing a vehicle composite glass panel according to the invention designed as a combined front and roof glass panel, comprising the following method steps:

a) providing an outer glass pane having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, a first inner glass pane having an outer side surface and an inner side surface, and a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive;

b) forming a layer stack comprising at least an outer glass pane, a thermoplastic interlayer or optically clear adhesive and a first inner glass pane in this order; and

c) joining the ply stack of at least the outer glass pane, the thermoplastic interlayer or optically clear adhesive, and the first inner glass pane to form a vehicle composite glass pane.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b) first the opaque cover print is applied and then the sunscreen coating is applied. In this embodiment, the sun protection coating is thus applied on the inner side surface of the outer glass pane in regions without the opaque cover print and also at least partially on the opaque cover print.

In an alternative preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step b) first the sun protection coating is applied and then the opaque cover print is applied, wherein the opaque cover print is formed from a printing ink which has disintegrating properties relative to the sun protection coating. In this embodiment, the sun protection coating is therefore only applied on the inner surface of the outer glass pane in the regions without the opaque cover print.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided in a further step that a thermal radiation-reflecting coating is applied to the inner surface of the outer glass pane or the second inner glass pane at least in the second region. A thermal radiation reflective coating may alternatively or additionally be applied to the inside surface of the first inner glass pane.

Both the sun protection coating and the optional thermal radiation reflective coating can withstand high thermal loads, so they also withstand temperature treatments or bending of the glass at temperatures often exceeding 600°C without damage.

The individual layers of the optional sun protection coating and the optional thermal radiation-reflecting coating can be deposited by methods known per se, preferably by magnetic field-assisted sputtering, and constructed with suitable layer thicknesses and layer sequences. Cathode sputtering can take place in a protective gas atmosphere, for example formed of argon, or in a reactive gas atmosphere, for example by adding oxygen or nitrogen. However, the individual layers can also be applied by other suitable methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.

The joining of the outer glass pane(s) and the inner glass pane(s) via the thermoplastic interlayer to form the vehicle composite glass pane is preferably performed by lamination under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Methods known per se can be used for producing composite glass panes.

For example, the so-called autoclave process can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and a temperature of 130°C to 145°C for about 2 hours. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C. The outer glass sheet, the thermoplastic interlayer and the inner glass sheet may also be pressed in the calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a glass sheet. Apparatus of this type are known for the manufacture of glass sheets and generally have at least one heating tunnel preceding the press. The temperature during pressing is, for example, 40°C to 150°C. The combination of calender and autoclave methods has proven to be particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, a vacuum laminator can be used. It consists of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the layers are deposited, for example, within about 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and a temperature of 80° C. to 170° C. Press the glass plate.

The above-described preferred configurations of the composite vehicle pane according to the invention also apply correspondingly to the method for producing the composite vehicle pane according to the invention, and vice versa.

The invention also includes a vehicle composite glass pane according to the invention as a combined front and roof glass pane in a water, land and air transport vehicle, preferably as a combined front and roof glass pane in a rail vehicle or a motor vehicle , especially as a combined windshield and roof pane of a passenger motor vehicle.

All references to standards are based on their version in effect at the filing date.

The various embodiments of the invention can be realized alone or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and yet to be explained below can be used not only in the combination indicated but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the present invention. Unless embodiments and/or features thereof are explicitly mentioned only as alternatives or are mutually exclusive.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted here that different aspects are described which can each be used alone or in combination. That is, each aspect can be used with different embodiments of the invention unless expressly stated as a pure alternative.

The Figures are simplified schematic representations and are not drawn to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

in:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a vehicle composite glass panel according to the present invention,

Figure 2 shows a section through the embodiment of the vehicle composite glass panel according to the invention shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a simplified cross-section of a composite glass panel of a vehicle in an installed position,

Figure 4 shows a section through an alternative embodiment of a vehicle composite glass panel according to the invention,

Figure 5A shows a schematic diagram of a simplified cross-section of another vehicle composite glass panel in an installed position, and

Figure 5B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another vehicle composite glass panel in a simplified cross-section in an installed position.

For the sake of simplicity, the sectional views of FIGS. 2 to 4 are each shown in planar form. However, as can be seen from the perspective view, the vehicle composite glass panes 100 according to the invention shown in section are each curved glass panes.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a vehicle composite glass panel 100 according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a section through the embodiment of a vehicle composite glass panel 100 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 . The vehicle composite pane 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed as a combined front and top pane with a lower edge UK, an upper edge OK and two lateral pane edges SK. Vehicle composite glass pane 100 comprises an outer glass pane 1 , a first inner glass pane 2 . 1 and a second inner glass pane 2 . 2 , wherein the inner glass panes 2 . The outer glass pane 1 has an outer side surface I and an inner side surface II; the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 each have an outer side surface III and an inner side surface IV. The inner side surface II of the outer glass pane 1 and the outer side surface III of the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 face each other.

The vehicle composite glass pane 100 has two regions: a first region A1 starting from the lower edge UK and extending in the direction of the upper edge OK, and a second region A2 extending from the upper edge OK Start and extend in the direction of the lower edge UK. In the transition region U the two regions A1 , A2 adjoin closely.

In this embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 comprises eg PVB, has a thickness of 0.76 mm and is eg darkly colored in the second area A2, wherein the dye concentration in the second area A2 decreases towards the first area A1.

The outer glass pane 1 and the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 consist, for example, of transparent soda lime glass and have a thickness of, for example, 2.1 mm.

In this embodiment, the sun protection coating 5 is arranged on the inner side surface II of the outer pane 1 . The sun protection coating 5 extends over the entire inner surface II of the outer pane 1 minus the surrounding frame-like region in which the opaque cover print 4 is arranged. This can be achieved, for example, by first applying a sunscreen coating over the entire surface and then applying an opaque cover print made of a printing ink which has disintegrating properties relative to the sunscreen coating.

The sun protection coating 5 comprises, for example, at least three functional silver layers each having a layer thickness of 5 nm to 20 nm, wherein each functional silver layer is arranged between dielectric modules having a layer, for example, of silicon nitride. The sun protection coating 5 protects the vehicle interior from infrared solar radiation which heats the interior and thus ensures greater comfort for the vehicle occupants.

Furthermore, on the inner side surface IV of the second inner glass pane 2 . 2 , a heat radiation reflective coating 6 , also referred to as a low-E coating, is arranged, which also ensures greater comfort for the vehicle occupants.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the inner surface II of the outer glass pane 1 has an opaque cover print 4 , for example made of opaque enamel, in the peripheral edge region and in the transition region U. The cover print 4 in the transition region U covers the boundary line between the first inner glass pane 2.1 and the second inner glass pane 2.2 from the outside, so that the transition and possible optical differences of the inner glass panes 2.1, 2.2 are covered by different coatings cover. In the region of the transition region U, the cover print 4 widens, for example, into the first region A1 and has a recess there, which can be used as a sensor window for sensors arranged behind it, for example a camera, a light sensor and a rain sensor. 7.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that in this exemplary embodiment the first area A1 essentially corresponds to the area of the composite glass pane of the vehicle which, in the installed position, serves as a front glass pane, in particular a windshield pane , and the second area A2 substantially corresponds to the area of the composite glass pane of the vehicle which is used as the roof glass pane in the installed position. In particular, the vehicle composite glazing panel 100 fulfills the requirements according to ECE R43 for windscreen panels with A and B fields of view in the first area A1 .

FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a vehicle composite glass pane 100 in an installation position in a vehicle not shown here. The second area A2 corresponding to the top glass pane extends substantially horizontally, ie its angle β (beta) with respect to the vertical is about 90°. The first area A1 corresponding to the front glass or windshield has an installation angle α (alpha) of approximately 70° relative to the vertical.

FIG. 4 shows a section through an alternative embodiment of a vehicle composite glass panel 100 according to the present invention. The vehicle composite glass panel 100 in FIG. 4 substantially corresponds to the vehicle composite glass panel 100 in FIG. 2 , so only the differences are discussed below.

Thus, in Fig. 4, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is divided into two sections 3a, 3b. The thermoplastic interlayer 3a joins the first inner glass pane 2.1 with the outer glass pane 1 in the first area A1 and the thermoplastic interlayer 3b joins the second inner glass pane 2.2 with the outer glass pane 1 in the second area A2. Furthermore, a functional element 8, for example a PDLC film, is arranged within the second thermoplastic intermediate layer 3b. The PDLC film can be connected by means of electronics, not shown here, and thereby, for example, control the opacity of the top pane section of the composite pane 100 of the vehicle in a targeted manner.

It should be understood that the vehicle composite glass panel 100 may alternatively or additionally have other functional elements, such as lighting, antennas, and the like.

The vehicle composite glass pane 100 can have a further functional element in the first thermoplastic interlayer 3a, for example at the upper edge of the first area A1, ie adjoining the transition area U between the first area A1 and the second area A2 8, for example a film (not shown here) with liquid crystal dye units (so-called guest-host units). By means of electronics, not shown here, the membrane can be connected and thus, for example, the darkening of the front pane section of the vehicle composite pane 100 can be adjusted in a targeted manner. An electrically controllable sun visor can thereby be realized.

FIG. 5A shows a schematic diagram of a simplified cross-section of another vehicle composite glass panel 100 in an installed position in a vehicle not shown here. In this embodiment, both the first area A1 , the area of the front glass pane, and the second area A2 , the area of the top glass pane are designed to be curved outwards relative to the vehicle interior 9 .

The vehicle composite glass panel 100 has an overall radius of curvature R1 in the first area A1 and an overall radius of curvature R2 in the second area A2. The first area A1 has an angle δ (delta) with respect to the horizontal at the lower edge UK. The second area A2 has an angle γ (gamma) with respect to the horizontal direction at the upper edge OK.

FIG. 5B shows a schematic illustration of a simplified cross-section of another vehicle composite glass panel 100 in an installed position in a vehicle not shown here. The embodiment according to FIG. 5B differs from FIG. 5A only in that the second region A2 , ie the region of the roof glass pane, is here designed to be curved inwards relative to the vehicle interior 9 . For further details, refer to Figure 5A.

List of reference signs

100 vehicle composite glass panels

1 outer glass panel

2.1, 2.2 First and second inner glass panes

3 thermoplastic interlayer

3a First part of the thermoplastic interlayer

3b Second part of the thermoplastic interlayer

4 opaque overlay prints

5 sun protection coating

6 Thermal Radiation Reflective Coating

7 Sensor window

8 functional elements

9 Vehicle Interior Space

A1 first area

A2 second area

OK top edge

Edge of glass plate on SK side

U Transition area

UK lower edge

alpha alpha

beta beta

δ delta

gamma

R1 the (total) radius of curvature in the first region A1

R2 the (total) radius of curvature in the second region A2

Outer surface of I 1

Medial surface of II 1

Outer surface of III 2

Medial surface of IV 2.

Claims (15)

1. A vehicle composite glass sheet (100) designed as a combined front glass sheet and top glass sheet, having a lower edge (UK), an upper edge (OK) and two lateral glass sheet edges (SK), and comprising at least

An outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II),

wherein the method comprises the steps of

The vehicle composite glass pane (100) has a first region (A1) starting from the lower edge (UK) and a second region (A2) connected to the first region (A1) and extending to the upper edge (OK), said first region being designed to be suitable as a front glass pane and said second region being designed to be suitable as a top glass pane,

-a first inner glass pane (2.1) having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV) essentially has the size of the first area (A1) and

-the outer side surface (III) of the first inner glass plate (2.1) is firmly joined with the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass plate (1) in the first region (A1).

2. The vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to claim 1, wherein at least one further second inner glass sheet (2.2) having an outer side surface (III) is firmly joined with the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass sheet (1) in the second region (A2).

3. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first inner glass pane (2.1) and/or the second inner glass pane (2.2) are firmly joined to the outer glass pane (1) by lamination via at least one thermoplastic interlayer (3) or by an optically clear adhesive (OCA, optically clear adhesive), particularly preferably a liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA, liquid optically clear adhesive) or an optically clear double-sided tape.

4. A vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) has an opaque covering print (4) at least in the surrounding edge region of the vehicle composite glass pane (100) and/or in the transition region (U) between the first region (A1) and the second region (A2).

5. The vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein in a transition region (U) between the first region (A1) and the second region (A2) an external mount is arranged, preferably glued or extruded, on an inner side surface (IV) of the vehicle composite glass sheet (100).

6. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein a sun protection coating (5) is applied on the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) or on the outer side surface (III) of the first and/or second inner glass pane (2.1, 2.2).

7. The vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inner side surface (IV) of the second inner glass sheet (2.2) has a heat radiation reflective coating (6) at least in the second region (A2).

8. A vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer (3) is coloured or coloured in the second region (A2) and optionally further the transition region (U) of the first region (A1) adjoining the second region (A2) is coloured or coloured, preferably the dye concentration of the second region (A2) decreases towards the direction of the first region (A1).

9. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the inner side surface (II) of the outer glass pane (1) furthermore has an opaque cover print (4) in the region located in the second region (A2), which is optionally widened into the first region (A1) in at least one region and optionally has at least one cutout for the sensor window (7).

10. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer (3) consists of two parts (3 a, 3 b) which are welded together, preferably at a weld seam, wherein the weld seam is particularly preferably arranged in a region in which an opaque overlay print (4) is furthermore arranged, when seen vertically from the outside.

11. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least one functional element (8), preferably at least, is arranged between the outer glass pane (1) and the first and/or second inner glass pane (2.1, 2.2)

An o antenna is provided with a plurality of antennas,

a heating layer, a heating wire or a heating print,

an electrically controlled optical functional element, particularly preferably a PDLC functional element, PNLC functional element, SPD functional element, electrochromic functional element or functional element with a liquid crystal dye unit (guest-host unit),

and/or

An LED or OLED lighting element is particularly preferred.

12. The vehicle composite glass pane (100) according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the area of the first region (A1) is at least 10%, preferably 10% to 90%, particularly preferably 20% to 60%, of the area of the outer glass pane (1), preferably the area of the second region (A2) is at least 10%, preferably 10% to 90%, particularly preferably 20% to 60% of the area of the outer glass pane (1).

13. A vehicle comprising a vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first region (A1) is arranged as a front glass sheet and the second region (A2) is arranged as a top glass sheet.

14. Method of manufacturing a vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 12, comprising at least the following method steps

a. Providing

i. An outer glass pane (1) having an outer side surface (I) and an inner side surface (II),

ii a first inner glass pane (2) and having an outer side surface (III) and an inner side surface (IV)

A thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) or an optically clear adhesive;

b. forming a layer stack comprising at least an outer glass plate (1), a thermoplastic interlayer (3) or an optically transparent adhesive and a first inner glass plate (2) in that order; and

c. at least the outer glass sheet (1), the thermoplastic interlayer (3) or the stack of layers of optically clear adhesive and the first inner glass sheet (2) are joined to form a vehicle composite glass sheet (100).

15. Use of a vehicle composite glass sheet (100) according to any of claims 1 to 12 as a combined front glass sheet and top glass sheet in an amphibious vehicle, preferably as a combined front glass sheet and top glass sheet in a rail vehicle or a motor vehicle, in particular as a combined windshield sheet and top glass sheet of a man-borne motor vehicle.