CN116519428A - Model test device and method for road disease evolution recognition - Google Patents
Model test device and method for road disease evolution recognition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于交通运输技术领域，公开了一种道路病害演化识别模型试验装置及方法，应用于多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别，由路基主体结构模块，多场耦合环境荷载施加模拟模块，病害类型模拟模块、病害发展过程模拟模块、监测模块和承载结构模块配合组成；通过依据不同路基的断面形式，采用相似材料模拟路基多层复合结构，并在路基内部通过布置空洞、填筑不密实、翻浆冒泥、地层起伏等类型病害的模拟，通过行车荷载、降雨、地下水变化和地层结构等环境因素耦合，检测和跟踪观察病害的发展过程，监测不同类型病害发展过程中公路路基的变形和受力状态，进而分析病害的形成机理与发展机制，最终为路基的稳定性评价和应急防护提供科学支撑。
The invention belongs to the technical field of transportation, and discloses a model test device and method for road disease evolution identification, which is applied to the identification of road disease evolution under the coupling effect of multi-field environments, and consists of a subgrade main structure module and a multi-field coupling environment load application simulation module , the disease type simulation module, the disease development process simulation module, the monitoring module and the load-bearing structure module are combined; by using similar materials to simulate the multi-layer composite structure of the roadbed according to the section form of different roadbeds, and by arranging cavities inside the roadbed, filling different Simulation of types of diseases such as compaction, muddying, and stratum undulation, through the coupling of environmental factors such as driving load, rainfall, groundwater change, and stratum structure, to detect and track the development process of diseases, and to monitor the deformation of road subgrades during the development of different types of diseases And the stress state, and then analyze the formation mechanism and development mechanism of the disease, and finally provide scientific support for the stability evaluation and emergency protection of the subgrade.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于交通运输技术领域，具体的说，是涉及一种应用于多场环境耦合作用下运营期道路路基结构病害演化识别模型试验装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of transportation, and in particular relates to a model test device and method for identifying the evolution of road subgrade structure disease evolution during the operation period under the coupling effect of multi-field environments.
背景技术Background technique
路基是公路的基础，作为公路线路下部结构，对行车安全起着至关重要的作用，且其属于隐蔽工程，随着运营里程的增加、环境、外荷载的疲劳作用，路基中易产生隐伏病害，在隐伏病害的发展演化下路基结构的稳定性将受到很大影响。因此，对路基结构病害发育规律、病害对路基稳定性的认识，和进行快速、准确和无损的检测和判识在日常公路养护工作中就显得尤为重要。The roadbed is the foundation of the road. As the substructure of the road line, it plays a vital role in driving safety, and it is a hidden project. With the increase of operating mileage, the fatigue of the environment and external loads, hidden diseases are prone to occur in the roadbed , the stability of the subgrade structure will be greatly affected by the development and evolution of hidden diseases. Therefore, it is particularly important in the daily road maintenance work to understand the development law of roadbed structural diseases, the understanding of roadbed stability caused by diseases, and the rapid, accurate and non-destructive detection and identification.
目前，国内的研究者大都倾向于研究路基自身的稳定性或者单一病害、单一环境影响下的模型试验或者理论研究，例如王鹏等研究金属管道、钢筋直径和钢筋间距对检测带来的影响，模拟了道路中各种病害的情况，疏松、脱空、伸缩缝的破坏的检测特征；孟庆山等开发了一种钙质砂交通荷载多功能路基模型试验装置，研究车辆、飞机等交通工具行驶过程中路基内部土体所受压力、孔隙水压力以及土体变形情况；高峰等模拟了路基翻浆冒泥病害现象。但是对于多种病害隐伏的路基，在降雨、车辆荷载、地下水、地层等因素耦合作用下病害的发育演化规律和对路基稳定性的影响研究的综合试验模型几乎尚未涉及，鲜有研究。At present, most domestic researchers tend to study the stability of the roadbed itself or the model test or theoretical research under the influence of a single disease or a single environment. Simulated the conditions of various diseases in the road, and the detection characteristics of looseness, void, and expansion joint damage; Meng Qingshan et al. developed a calcareous sand traffic load multifunctional roadbed model test device to study the driving process of vehicles, airplanes and other vehicles The pressure, pore water pressure, and deformation of the soil inside the subgrade; Gao Feng and others simulated the phenomenon of subgrade mud and mud. However, for subgrades with multiple diseases hidden, under the coupling effects of rainfall, vehicle load, groundwater, stratum and other factors, the comprehensive test model for the development and evolution of diseases and the impact on subgrade stability has hardly been involved, and there are few studies.
因此，有必要建立一种多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别模型试验装置及方法来模拟多种荷载条件和环境耦合作用下道路病害的演化过程和路基稳定性的影响，为有效的控制路基失稳和劣化提供基础支撑，减少道路病害演化产生风险和灾害导致的人身和财产损失。Therefore, it is necessary to establish a road disease evolution identification model test device and method under the coupling of multiple fields and environments to simulate the evolution process of road diseases and the influence of roadbed stability under various load conditions and environmental coupling, in order to effectively control The instability and deterioration of the subgrade provides basic support to reduce the risk of road disease evolution and the loss of personal and property caused by disasters.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于上述背景技术，本发明提供了一种多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别模型试验装置及方法，通过激振力模拟振动荷载、道路病害的类型和大小、地下水位下降速度、地下水渗流速度、降雨分布和雨强以及地层坡度等条件的改变，组成正交实验，模拟不同环境和荷载条件耦合作用下病害的发育演化规律和对路基稳定性的影响，为公路路基的稳定性评价和应急防护提供科学支撑，在未来公路养护和道路病害防治中科学研究和实际应用具有广阔的前景和重要意义。Based on the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a model test device and method for road disease evolution recognition under the coupling effect of multi-field environment, which simulates vibration load, type and size of road disease, groundwater level drop rate, groundwater seepage through exciting force Changes in conditions such as speed, rainfall distribution, rainfall intensity, and stratum slope constitute an orthogonal experiment to simulate the development and evolution of diseases under the coupling of different environments and load conditions and the impact on the stability of the subgrade, which provides a basis for the stability evaluation and evaluation of road subgrades. Emergency protection provides scientific support, and has broad prospects and great significance in scientific research and practical application in future road maintenance and road disease prevention and control.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明通过以下的技术方案予以实现：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种道路病害演化识别模型试验装置，应用于多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别，包括路基主体结构模块、承载结构模块、多场耦合环境荷载施加模拟模块、病害类型模拟模块、病害发展过程模拟模块和监测模块；According to one aspect of the present invention, a model test device for road disease evolution identification is provided, which is applied to the identification of road disease evolution under the coupling effect of multi-field environments, including subgrade main structure module, bearing structure module, multi-field coupling environment load application simulation module, disease type simulation module, disease development process simulation module and monitoring module;
所述路基主体结构模块包括模拟上面层、模拟下面层、模拟基层、模拟垫层、模拟土基、模拟岩层和模型箱，模拟上面层、模拟下面层、模拟基层、模拟垫层、模拟土基、模拟岩层从上到下成比例缩小并设置在所述模型箱中，所述模型箱底部设置为钢筋混凝土板；The subgrade main structure module includes simulating the upper layer, simulating the lower layer, simulating the base layer, simulating the cushion layer, simulating the soil foundation, simulating the rock formation and a model box, simulating the upper layer, simulating the lower layer, simulating the base layer, simulating the cushion layer, and simulating the soil foundation , The simulated rock formation is scaled down from top to bottom and set in the model box, and the bottom of the model box is set as a reinforced concrete slab;
所述承载结构模块包括支撑于所述钢筋混凝土板底部的千斤顶群，通过千斤顶控制开关调整不同位置千斤顶的高度，能够改变所述钢筋混凝土板的倾角，用于模拟地层的变化；The load-bearing structure module includes a group of jacks supported at the bottom of the reinforced concrete slab, the height of the jacks at different positions can be adjusted through the jack control switch, and the inclination angle of the reinforced concrete slab can be changed to simulate the change of the stratum;
所述多场耦合环境荷载施加模拟模块包括降雨系统、荷载加载系统以及地下水系统；所述降雨系统用于模拟降雨对道路病害的影响，包括分布式设置在所述模型箱上方的喷头，通过阀门能够控制各个喷头的开关和流量大小，以模拟降雨的位置和强度；所述荷载加载系统用于模拟行驶车辆振动荷载对道路病害的影响，包括设置在所述模拟上面层表面的两根轨道和速度传感器，每根所述轨道上安装有激振器，所述激振器能够通过控制在所述轨道上以不同速度滑动，并且通过所述速度传感器记录模拟的速度；所述地下水系统用于模拟不同含水率土基中道路病害发育状况和不同高度水位和地下水位瞬间下降速度对道路病害发育状况的影响，包括分别设置在所述模型箱两侧的水箱，紧邻所述水箱的所述模型箱侧面设置透水孔，所述透水孔的位置对应于所述模拟土基所在高度，所述透水孔内侧设置有渗流反滤层，用于实现所述水箱内的水通过流入所述模型箱；所述水箱的补水管设置有增压泵和流量阀，通过所述增压泵和所述流量阀能够调节所述水箱中的水量，从而控制所述水箱中的水渗透进入所述模拟土基；所述水箱的下部设置有所述排水阀门，通过所述排水阀门用于模拟不同高度水位和地下水位瞬间下降速度对道路病害发育的影响；The multi-field coupled environmental load application simulation module includes a rainfall system, a load loading system, and a groundwater system; the rainfall system is used to simulate the impact of rainfall on road diseases, including sprinklers distributed above the model box, through valves The switch and flow of each nozzle can be controlled to simulate the location and intensity of rainfall; the load loading system is used to simulate the impact of the vibration load of driving vehicles on road damage, including two rails and A speed sensor, each of the rails is equipped with a vibrator, the vibrator can be controlled to slide at different speeds on the rail, and the simulated speed is recorded by the speed sensor; the groundwater system is used for Simulate the development of road diseases in soil foundations with different water content and the influence of the instantaneous drop rate of water level and groundwater level at different heights on the development of road diseases, including water tanks respectively arranged on both sides of the model box, and the model next to the water tank A permeable hole is arranged on the side of the tank, the position of the permeable hole corresponds to the height of the simulated soil foundation, and a seepage reverse filter layer is arranged inside the permeable hole, which is used to realize that the water in the water tank flows into the model box; The water supply pipe of the water tank is provided with a booster pump and a flow valve, through which the water volume in the water tank can be adjusted, thereby controlling the water in the water tank to penetrate into the simulated soil foundation The bottom of the water tank is provided with the drainage valve, which is used to simulate the impact of different height water levels and groundwater level instantaneous drop speeds on road disease development through the drainage valve;
所述病害类型模拟模块用于实现所述路基主体结构模块中隐伏空洞、地层疏松、翻浆冒泥、地层起伏等病害的模拟；The disease type simulation module is used to realize the simulation of diseases such as hidden cavities, loose strata, mud turning, and stratum undulations in the subgrade main structure module;
所述病害发展过程模拟模块包括非接触式监测和检测系统，所述非接触式监测系统通过立式三维激光扫描仪和摄像机实现，用以实时的监测和记录病害的发展过程；所述检测系统通过地质雷达扫描路基主体结构模块实现，用以监测病害的发展和含病害土层的变化情况；The disease development process simulation module includes a non-contact monitoring and detection system, and the non-contact monitoring system is realized by a vertical three-dimensional laser scanner and a camera for real-time monitoring and recording of the disease development process; the detection system Realized by scanning the subgrade main structure module with geological radar, it is used to monitor the development of disease and the change of disease-containing soil layer;
所述监测模块包括在所述模拟基层和所述模拟土基中布置的土压力盒、渗压计、光纤传感网络。The monitoring module includes an earth pressure cell, a piezometer, and an optical fiber sensor network arranged in the simulated base and the simulated soil foundation.
进一步地，所述模型箱为长方体结构，一侧采用透明的钢化玻璃板，其他三侧采用长方形钢板。Further, the model box is a cuboid structure, one side is made of transparent toughened glass plate, and the other three sides are made of rectangular steel plate.
进一步地，所述钢筋混凝土板的四周设置有橡胶垫，所述橡胶垫位于所述钢筋混凝土板和所述模型箱之间，用于在所述钢筋混凝土板改变倾角时，能够防止钢筋混凝土板8与模型箱32之间之间产生裂缝，避免导致模拟岩层6中的岩石从缝隙中掉落。Further, rubber pads are provided around the reinforced concrete slab, and the rubber pads are located between the reinforced concrete slab and the model box to prevent the reinforced concrete slab from Between 8 and the model box 32, cracks are produced to avoid causing the rocks in the simulated rock formation 6 to fall from the cracks.
进一步地，所述模型箱上方设置有龙门吊，通过所述龙门吊能够进行所述路基主体结构模块、承载结构模块、多场耦合环境荷载施加模拟模块、病害类型模拟模块、病害发展过程模拟模块和监测模块的安装。Further, a gantry crane is arranged above the model box, through which the subgrade main structure module, bearing structure module, multi-field coupled environmental load application simulation module, disease type simulation module, disease development process simulation module and monitoring can be performed. Module installation.
进一步地，采用在所述模拟基层和所述模拟土基不同深度布设不同直径的PVC管，以模拟不同大小的空洞病害；采用在所述模拟基层和所述模拟土基不同深度布设不同厚度的泡沫板，以模拟不同厚度和大小的地层疏松病害；采用在正常压实的所述模拟基层和所述模拟土基中间布设不同厚度和范围的泥水混合物，模拟在不同荷载和环境下翻浆模拟病害的发展；采用所述液压千斤顶群对所述钢筋混凝土板的控制实现地层的变化。Further, PVC pipes of different diameters are laid at different depths of the simulated base and the simulated soil foundation to simulate cavity diseases of different sizes; PVC pipes of different thicknesses are laid at different depths of the simulated base and the simulated soil foundation Foam boards are used to simulate soil loosening diseases of different thicknesses and sizes; mud-water mixtures of different thicknesses and ranges are arranged between the normally compacted simulated base and the simulated soil foundation to simulate muddying simulated diseases under different loads and environments The development of the method; using the hydraulic jack group to control the reinforced concrete slab to realize the change of the formation.
进一步地，所述立式三维激光扫描仪设置在所述模型箱的设定距离处，所述摄像机设施在所述模型箱的上方两侧。Further, the vertical three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged at a set distance from the model box, and the camera facilities are on both sides above the model box.
进一步地，所述地质雷达设置在所述模拟上面层的表面布设，用于间隔时间对路基主体结构模块进行扫描。Further, the geological radar is arranged on the surface of the simulated upper layer, and is used to scan the subgrade main structure module at intervals.
进一步地，所述土压力盒用于监测施加不同环境荷载作用下，所述路基主体结构模块中各层土压力变化；所述渗压计用于监测所述路基主体结构模块中孔隙水压力变化；所述光纤传感网络用于监测所述路基主体结构模块的变形和应变。Further, the earth pressure cell is used to monitor the change of soil pressure of each layer in the subgrade main structure module under different environmental loads; the piezometer is used to monitor the change of pore water pressure in the subgrade main structure module ; The optical fiber sensing network is used to monitor the deformation and strain of the subgrade main structure module.
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种道路病害演化识别模型试验方法，采用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的道路病害演化识别模型试验装置进行。According to another aspect of the present invention, a road disease evolution recognition model test method is provided, which is carried out by using the road disease evolution recognition model test device according to any one of claims 1-9.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的一种多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别模型试验装置及方法，综合考虑了在降雨、车辆荷载、地下水、地层等因素耦合作用下，路基内部空洞、疏松层、翻浆冒泥、地层起伏变化等不同病害类型和大小状态，形成多因素耦合作用下病害的发育演化规律和对路基稳定性的影响研究的综合试验，设计了相应装置控制降雨强度和降雨分布情况，通过滑移式轨道安装激振器模拟了与实际车辆荷载一致的多振幅移动车辆荷载，通过采用的液压千斤顶群升降模拟地层的起伏变化具有连续性，通过不同方式模拟了不同形式的内部空洞、疏松层、翻浆冒泥，可实现路基隐伏病害发展规律和路基稳定性评价的综合试验。A road disease evolution recognition model test device and method under the coupling effect of multi-field environment of the present invention comprehensively considers the internal cavity, loose layer, mud turning and mud pumping of the roadbed under the coupling effect of factors such as rainfall, vehicle load, groundwater, and stratum. Different types and sizes of diseases, such as stratum fluctuations and changes, formed a comprehensive experiment on the development and evolution of diseases under the coupling of multiple factors and the impact on the stability of the subgrade. A corresponding device was designed to control the rainfall intensity and distribution. The type track-mounted vibrator simulates the multi-amplitude moving vehicle load that is consistent with the actual vehicle load. The ups and downs of the stratum are simulated through the use of hydraulic jacks. Turning mud and mud can realize the comprehensive test of the development law of subgrade hidden diseases and the evaluation of subgrade stability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述一种多场环境耦合作用下道路路基结构病害演化识别的室内模型的主视结构示意图Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of an indoor model for the identification of roadbed structure disease evolution under the coupling effect of multi-field environment according to the present invention
图2为本发明的荷载加载系统平面图；Fig. 2 is a load loading system plan view of the present invention;
图3为本发明的疏松病害和空洞病害中光纤传感网络布置详图。Fig. 3 is a detailed diagram of the layout of the optical fiber sensor network in the loose disease and cavity disease of the present invention.
附图标记说明：1.模拟上面层，2.模拟下面层，3.模拟基层，4.模拟垫层，5.模拟土基，6.模拟岩层，7.橡胶垫，8.钢筋混凝土板，9.千斤顶群，10.千斤顶控制开关，11.泡沫板，12.PVC管，13.光纤(缆)，14.光纤(缆)节点，15.渗压计，16.土压力盒，17.排水阀门，18.反滤层，19.增压泵，20.流量阀，21.供水管，22.喷头，23.地质雷达，24.轨道，25.激振器，26.三维激光扫描仪，27.摄像机，28.发动机，29.吊钩，30.龙门吊，31.速度传感器，32.模型箱，33.钢支撑，34.水箱，35.透水孔，36.泥水混合物。Explanation of reference signs: 1. simulated upper layer, 2. simulated lower layer, 3. simulated base layer, 4. simulated cushion layer, 5. simulated soil foundation, 6. simulated rock formation, 7. rubber pad, 8. reinforced concrete slab, 9. Jack group, 10. Jack control switch, 11. Foam board, 12. PVC pipe, 13. Optical fiber (cable), 14. Optical fiber (cable) node, 15. Piezometer, 16. Earth pressure box, 17. Drain valve, 18. Reverse filter layer, 19. Booster pump, 20. Flow valve, 21. Water supply pipe, 22. Nozzle, 23. Geological radar, 24. Track, 25. Vibrator, 26. 3D laser scanner , 27. Camera, 28. Engine, 29. Hook, 30. Gantry crane, 31. Speed sensor, 32. Model box, 33. Steel support, 34. Water tank, 35. Permeable hole, 36. Mud-water mixture.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为能进一步了解本发明的内容、特点及效果，兹例举以下实施例，并配合附图详细说明如下：In order to further understand the content, characteristics and effects of the present invention, the following examples are given, and detailed descriptions are as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别模型试验装置，包括路基主体结构模块，承载结构模块，降雨、地下水、荷载加载等多场耦合环境荷载施加模拟模块，病害类型(隐伏空洞、地层疏松、翻浆冒泥、地层起伏等)模拟模块、病害发展过程模拟模块和监测模块六部分，能够通过调整降雨、地下水、地层结构和振动荷载等的变化来模拟不同类型和特征道路病害的发展及对路基稳定性的影响。As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a road disease evolution identification model test device under the coupling effect of multi-field environment, including subgrade main structure module, bearing structure module, multi-field coupling environmental loads such as rainfall, groundwater, load loading, etc. Applying simulation module, six parts of disease type (hidden cavity, loose stratum, slopping mud, stratum undulation, etc.) simulation module, disease development process simulation module and monitoring module, which can adjust the changes of rainfall, groundwater, stratum structure and vibration load, etc. To simulate the development of different types and characteristics of road diseases and their impact on the stability of the roadbed.
路基主体结构模块是将模拟上面层1、模拟下面层2、模拟基层3、模拟垫层4、模拟土基5、模拟岩层6按照公路路基的实际顺序，从上到下成比例缩小在模型箱32中。The subgrade main structure module is to simulate the upper layer 1, the lower layer 2, the base layer 3, the cushion layer 4, the soil foundation 5, and the rock layer 6 according to the actual sequence of the roadbed, and shrink it proportionally from top to bottom in the model box 32 in.
模型箱32为长方形，尺寸为宽2.5m，长5m，高2.0m。模型箱32的一侧为透明的钢化玻璃板，其他三侧采用长方形钢板，底部采用钢筋混凝土板8，钢筋混凝土板8和模型箱32的侧面可以通过螺栓焊接，钢筋混凝土板8能够通过千斤顶群9改变倾角。The model box 32 is rectangular, and its dimensions are 2.5m wide, 5m long, and 2.0m high. One side of the model box 32 is a transparent tempered glass plate, the other three sides use rectangular steel plates, and the bottom adopts a reinforced concrete plate 8, and the sides of the reinforced concrete plate 8 and the model box 32 can be welded by bolts, and the reinforced concrete plate 8 can pass through the jack group 9 Change the inclination.
承载结构模块包括千斤顶群9、龙门吊30。千斤顶群9包括呈矩形阵列布置的16只QF140液压式千斤顶，用以支撑模型箱32底部的钢筋混凝土板8，通过千斤顶控制开关10调整不同位置千斤顶的高度来模拟地层的变化。龙门吊30位于模型箱32上方，可采用20t龙门吊车，通过龙门吊30的发动机28以及吊钩29来控制不同路基层模拟工况的改变、各模块和工况的安装。The bearing structure module includes a jack group 9 and a gantry crane 30 . The jack group 9 includes 16 QF140 hydraulic jacks arranged in a rectangular array to support the reinforced concrete slab 8 at the bottom of the model box 32, and the height of the jacks at different positions is adjusted through the jack control switch 10 to simulate changes in the formation. The gantry crane 30 is located above the model box 32, a 20t gantry crane can be used, and the engine 28 and the hook 29 of the gantry crane 30 are used to control the change of different subgrade simulation conditions and the installation of various modules and conditions.
多场耦合环境荷载施加模拟模块包括降雨系统、振动等荷载加载系统以及地下水系统。The simulation module of multi-field coupled environmental load application includes rainfall system, vibration and other load loading system and groundwater system.
降雨系统用于模拟降雨对道路病害发育的影响。降雨系统包括在模型箱32两侧分别布设两根长2m的钢支撑33，在钢支撑33上端悬挂空间布设分布式的喷头22，喷头22通过供水管21供水，且通过阀门能够控制各个喷头22的开关和流量大小，可以通过控制模拟降雨的强度和降雨的位置，用来模拟降雨对道路病害发育的影响。The rainfall system was used to simulate the effect of rainfall on the development of road disease. The rainfall system includes two 2m-long steel supports 33 respectively arranged on both sides of the model box 32, and distributed sprinklers 22 are arranged in the hanging space on the upper end of the steel supports 33. The sprinklers 22 are supplied with water through the water supply pipe 21, and each sprinkler 22 can be controlled by a valve. The switch and flow size of , can be used to simulate the impact of rainfall on the development of road diseases by controlling the intensity and location of simulated rainfall.
荷载加载系统用于模拟行驶车辆振动荷载对道路病害施加的影响。结合图2所示，荷载加载系统是在模拟上面层的表面中间位置设置两根宽40cm的钢板轨道24，两根轨道24按照一定间距平行布置，并在每条轨道24各安装一个激振器25，激振器25可以通过控制在轨道24上以不同速度滑动，并通过设置在模拟上面层1表面的速度传感器31记录模拟的车速。在钢筋混凝土板8的四周还设置有橡胶垫7，橡胶垫7位于钢筋混凝土板8和模型箱32之间，在钢筋混凝土板8改变倾角时，能够防止钢筋混凝土板8与模型箱32之间之间产生裂缝，避免导致模拟岩层6中的岩石从缝隙中掉落。The load loading system is used to simulate the impact of driving vehicle vibration load on road damage. As shown in Figure 2, the load loading system is to set two steel plate rails 24 with a width of 40 cm in the middle of the surface of the simulated upper layer, and the two rails 24 are arranged in parallel at a certain distance, and a vibrator is installed on each rail 24 25. The exciter 25 can slide at different speeds on the track 24 through control, and record the simulated vehicle speed through the speed sensor 31 arranged on the surface of the simulated upper layer 1 . Also be provided with rubber pad 7 around reinforced concrete slab 8, rubber pad 7 is positioned between reinforced concrete slab 8 and model box 32, when reinforced concrete slab 8 changes inclination angle, can prevent that reinforced concrete slab 8 and model box 32 Cracks are created between them, so as not to cause the rocks in the simulated rock formation 6 to fall from the cracks.
地下水系统包括侵蚀装置和突变装置，其中侵蚀装置用于模拟不同含水率土基中道路病害发育状况，突变装置用于模拟不同高度水位和地下水位瞬间下降速度对道路病害发育状况的影响。侵蚀装置和突变装置具体包括在模型箱32两侧分别设置的两个水箱34，水箱34焊接固定在模型箱32两侧的钢板居中位置，水箱32的上表面高于模拟上面层1表面的高度。紧邻水箱34的模型箱32的侧面设置透水孔35，透水孔35的位置对应于模拟土基5所在高度，用于模拟不同含水率土基中病害发育状况。模型箱32的内侧与透水孔35之间设置有渗流反滤层18，渗流反滤层18实现水箱32内的水通过透水孔35流入模型箱32。水箱32的补水管与连接水源的供水管21进行连接，且补水管上设置有增压泵19和流量阀20，通过增压泵19和流量阀20调节水箱32中的水量，从而控制水箱32中的水通过渗流反滤层18渗透进入模拟土基5。水箱32的下部还设置有排水阀门17，通过排水阀门17用于模拟不同高度水位和地下水位瞬间下降速度对道路病害发育的影响。The groundwater system includes an erosion device and a mutation device. The erosion device is used to simulate the development of road diseases in soil foundations with different water contents, and the mutation device is used to simulate the influence of different heights of water levels and instantaneous drop rates of groundwater levels on the development of road diseases. The erosion device and mutation device specifically include two water tanks 34 respectively arranged on both sides of the model box 32. The water tanks 34 are welded and fixed to the center of the steel plates on both sides of the model box 32. The upper surface of the water tank 32 is higher than the height of the surface of the simulated upper layer 1. . The side of the model box 32 adjacent to the water tank 34 is provided with permeable holes 35, the position of the permeable holes 35 corresponds to the height of the simulated soil foundation 5, and is used to simulate the development of diseases in soil foundations with different moisture contents. A seepage reverse filter layer 18 is arranged between the inner side of the model box 32 and the permeable hole 35 , and the seepage reverse filter layer 18 enables the water in the water tank 32 to flow into the model box 32 through the permeable hole 35 . The water supply pipe of the water tank 32 is connected with the water supply pipe 21 connected to the water source, and the water supply pipe is provided with a booster pump 19 and a flow valve 20, and the water volume in the water tank 32 is adjusted by the booster pump 19 and the flow valve 20, thereby controlling the water tank 32 The water in the water infiltrates into the simulated soil foundation 5 through the seepage reverse filter layer 18 . The bottom of the water tank 32 is also provided with a drain valve 17, through which the drain valve 17 is used to simulate the influence of different heights of water levels and instantaneous drop rates of groundwater levels on the development of road diseases.
病害类型模拟模块能够实现路基主体结构模块中隐伏空洞、地层疏松、翻浆冒泥、地层起伏等病害的模拟。采用在模拟基层3和模拟土基5不同深度布设5-30cm直径的PVC管12，以模拟不同大小的空洞病害；采用在模拟基层3和模拟土基5不同深度布设不同厚度的泡沫板11，以模拟不同厚度和大小的地层疏松病害；采用在正常压实的模拟基层3和模拟土基5中间布设不同厚度和范围的泥水混合物36，模拟在不同荷载和环境下翻浆模拟病害的发展；采用钢筋混凝土板8下面的液压千斤顶群9来实现地层的变化。The disease type simulation module can realize the simulation of hidden cavities, loose strata, mud turning, stratum undulation and other diseases in the subgrade main structure module. Adopt the PVC pipe 12 that lays 5-30cm diameter at different depths of simulated base 3 and simulated soil foundation 5, to simulate the cavity disease of different sizes; In order to simulate the looseness of stratum with different thickness and size; the mud-water mixture 36 with different thickness and range is arranged between the normally compacted simulated base 3 and the simulated soil foundation 5 to simulate the development of muddying simulated damage under different loads and environments; The hydraulic jack group 9 below the reinforced concrete slab 8 realizes the change of formation.
病害发展过程模拟模块包括非接触式监测和检测系统，其中非接触式监测系统是在通过立式三维激光扫描仪26和高清晰的摄像机27实现，用以实时的监测和记录病害的发展过程；检测系统通过地质雷达23扫描路基主体结构模块实现，用以监测病害的发展和含病害土层的变化情况。本实施例中，在模型箱32内钢化玻璃一侧，距离模型箱324m处放置1台立式三维激光扫描仪26，在模型箱32的上方两侧边各布设1个摄像机27，用以实时的监测和记录病害的发展过程；在模拟上面层1表面布设100M或者50M的地质雷达23天线，间隔一段时间扫描路基主体结构模块，用以监测病害的发展和含病害土层的变化。The disease development process simulation module includes a non-contact monitoring and detection system, wherein the non-contact monitoring system is realized by a vertical three-dimensional laser scanner 26 and a high-definition camera 27 to monitor and record the disease development process in real time; The detection system is implemented by scanning the main structure module of the subgrade with the geological radar 23, and is used to monitor the development of the disease and the change of the soil layer containing the disease. In this embodiment, on one side of the tempered glass in the model box 32, a vertical three-dimensional laser scanner 26 is placed at a distance of 324 m from the model box, and a camera 27 is respectively arranged on both sides above the model box 32 for real-time Monitor and record the development process of the disease; deploy 100M or 50M ground radar 23 antennas on the surface of the simulated upper layer 1, and scan the subgrade main structure module at intervals to monitor the development of diseases and changes in disease-containing soil layers.
监测模块包括在模拟基层3和模拟土基5中布置土压力盒16、渗压计15、光纤传感网络等接触式传感器，监测不同环境荷载作用下路基主体结构模块中各层土压力、孔隙水压力变化和路基主体结构模块的变形和应变。土压力盒16用以监测施加不同环境荷载作用下，路基主体结构模块中各层土压力变化；渗压计15用以监测路基主体结构模块中孔隙水压力变化；光纤传感网络用以监测路基主体结构模块的变形和应变。The monitoring module includes contact sensors such as soil pressure cells 16, piezometers 15, and optical fiber sensing networks arranged in the simulated base 3 and simulated soil foundation 5 to monitor the soil pressure and pore size of each layer in the subgrade main structure module under different environmental loads. Water pressure changes and deformation and strain of subgrade main structural modules. The earth pressure cell 16 is used to monitor the change of soil pressure of each layer in the subgrade main structure module under different environmental loads; the piezometer 15 is used to monitor the change of pore water pressure in the subgrade main structure module; the optical fiber sensor network is used to monitor the subgrade Deformations and strains of the main structural modules.
图3为本发明的疏松病害和空洞病害中光纤传感网络布置详图。光纤传感网络包括光纤(缆)13和光纤(缆)节点14，布置在泡沫板11和PVC管12中。Fig. 3 is a detailed diagram of the layout of the optical fiber sensor network in the loose disease and cavity disease of the present invention. The optical fiber sensing network includes optical fiber (cable) 13 and optical fiber (cable) nodes 14, arranged in foam board 11 and PVC pipe 12.
本实施例还提供了一种多场环境耦合作用下的道路病害演化识别模型试验方法，应用上述试验装置，具体步骤如下：This embodiment also provides a road disease evolution recognition model test method under the coupling effect of multi-field environment, using the above-mentioned test device, the specific steps are as follows:
S101:通过龙门吊30的发动机28和吊钩29等组装模型箱32的主体结构。S101: Assemble the main structure of the model box 32 through the engine 28 of the gantry crane 30, the suspension hook 29, and the like.
S102:将两侧水箱34焊接到模型箱32两侧，通过进排水测试使得焊接紧密，水能够通过水箱34侧边设置透水孔35进入模型箱32。S102: Weld the water tanks 34 on both sides to both sides of the model box 32, pass the water inlet and drainage test to make the welding tight, and water can enter the model box 32 through the permeable holes 35 provided on the sides of the water tank 34.
S103:在模型箱32两侧通过螺栓布设4根长2m的钢支撑33，在钢支撑33上端悬挂空间布设可控式、分布式雨量的喷头22，喷头22的供水管21与水源连接，通过喷头22的阀门测试降雨的强度和降雨的位置符合工况要求。S103: 4 steel supports 33 with a length of 2m are laid by bolts on both sides of the model box 32, and a controllable and distributed rainfall sprinkler 22 is arranged in the suspension space on the upper end of the steel support 33, and the water supply pipe 21 of the sprinkler 22 is connected with the water source, through The intensity of the valve test rainfall of sprinkler head 22 and the position of rainfall meet working condition requirement.
S104:在水箱34侧边设置透水孔35并且布设好反滤层18，安装好排水阀门17、供水管21、增压泵19和流量阀20等，控制水的进出调试好地下水系统的通畅。S104: Water permeable holes 35 are set on the side of the water tank 34 and the reverse filter layer 18 is arranged, the drain valve 17, the water supply pipe 21, the booster pump 19 and the flow valve 20 etc. are installed, and the inflow and outflow of water is controlled to ensure the smoothness of the groundwater system.
S105:按照设计的模拟工况，通过千斤顶群9调整好地层坡度与地面保持水平，通过精密的钢制螺栓链接好底部的钢筋混凝土板8，模型箱32四周按照预设工况设置橡胶垫7以吸收边界反射的振动荷载，消除边界效应的影响。S105: According to the designed simulated working conditions, adjust the stratum slope and the ground level through the jack group 9, connect the reinforced concrete slab 8 at the bottom with precise steel bolts, and set rubber pads 7 around the model box 32 according to the preset working conditions To absorb the vibration load reflected by the boundary and eliminate the influence of the boundary effect.
S106:用石英砂、速凝剂、水泥和玄武岩纤维等材料按照室内模拟岩层6的相似比以一定的比例均匀混合，用来模拟整个模型试验中的岩质地层。S106: Quartz sand, quick-setting agent, cement and basalt fiber and other materials are uniformly mixed in a certain proportion according to the similar ratio of the simulated rock formation 6 in the room, and are used to simulate the rock formation in the entire model test.
S107:将S106混合的材料均匀的摊铺到钢筋混凝土板8上，摊铺厚度可根据工况条件调整，并铺上模板，自然养护7天后拆除模板。S107: spread the mixed material of S106 evenly on the reinforced concrete slab 8, the paving thickness can be adjusted according to the working conditions, and lay the formwork, and remove the formwork after 7 days of natural curing.
S108:按照路基的实际情况，采用相同的土层、垫层等材料，按照一定的缩尺比例比制作模拟土基5、模拟垫层4、模拟基层3、模拟下面层2、模拟上面层1。S108: According to the actual situation of the subgrade, use the same soil layer, cushion and other materials, and make simulated soil foundation 5, simulated cushion layer 4, simulated base layer 3, simulated lower layer 2, and simulated upper layer 1 according to a certain scale ratio .
S109:模拟土基5和/或模拟垫层4中按照设计工况，预设泡沫板11、泥水混合物36、不同直径的PVC管12模拟地层疏松层、翻浆冒泥和空洞病害，病害分布在模拟土基5和/或模拟基层3中按照单一病害，每隔0.5m布设一处的病害群布设。S109: In the simulated soil foundation 5 and/or the simulated cushion layer 4, according to the design conditions, the foam board 11, the mud-water mixture 36, and the PVC pipes 12 of different diameters are preset to simulate the loose layer of the formation, mud turning and cavity diseases, and the diseases are distributed in In the simulated soil foundation 5 and/or the simulated base 3, according to a single disease, a disease group is arranged every 0.5m.
S110:在模拟土基5和模拟病害的周边，均匀的布设微型土压力盒16、渗压计15、光纤传感网络传感器14。微型土压力盒16在模拟土基5中每隔0.4m布设一处，采用阵列式布设，并且在病害所在模拟土基5布设上下两层；光纤传感网络(包括光纤(缆)13和光纤(缆)节点14)按照每隔20cm的间距布设成连续的蛇形步骤，在病害所在模拟土基5布设上下两层；渗压计15主要布设在病害周边分上中下三层布设。S110: uniformly arrange miniature earth pressure cells 16, piezometers 15, and optical fiber sensor network sensors 14 around the simulated soil foundation 5 and the simulated disease. The miniature earth pressure cells 16 are arranged in an array at intervals of 0.4m in the simulated soil foundation 5, and the upper and lower layers are arranged in the simulated soil foundation 5 where the disease is located; the optical fiber sensor network (comprising optical fiber (cable) 13 and optical fiber The (cable) nodes 14) are arranged in continuous serpentine steps at intervals of 20 cm, and the upper and lower layers are laid in the simulated soil foundation 5 where the disease is located; the piezometer 15 is mainly arranged in the upper, middle and lower layers around the disease.
S111:模拟上面层1的中间位置布设2根宽40cm的钢板制成的轨道24，2根轨道24平行设置且间距50cm，轨道24上方焊接两根滑道，在滑道上设置75kN激振器25，调试好激振器25可以通过控制在轨道24上以不同速度滑动，并布设速度传感器31记录模拟的车速。S111: Simulate the middle position of the upper layer 1 by laying two rails 24 made of steel plates with a width of 40 cm. The two rails 24 are arranged in parallel with a distance of 50 cm. Two slideways are welded above the rails 24, and a 75kN vibrator 25 is arranged on the slideways. After debugging, the exciter 25 can slide at different speeds on the track 24 through control, and arrange a speed sensor 31 to record the simulated vehicle speed.
S112:水箱34中加满水，通过流量阀20控制流速让水箱34中的水以一定的速度渗流进入模拟土基5，渗流至模拟土基5土体接近饱和；S112: the water tank 34 is filled with water, and the flow rate is controlled by the flow valve 20 to allow the water in the water tank 34 to seep into the simulated soil foundation 5 at a certain speed, until the simulated soil foundation 5 is nearly saturated;
S113:在模型箱32内钢化玻璃一侧，距离模型箱4m处放置1台立式三维激光扫描仪26，精度要求在扫描速度976,000点/秒；在模型箱32正面、上面和两侧边各布设1台7000万像素真彩色的摄像机27，摄像机27距离模型箱321.5m布设，测试和调整好非接触式监测系统，能满足监测要求；在路基上面层1表面布设100M或者50M的地质雷达23天线，连接好地质雷达23主机，并通过测试消除模型箱32的侧板的影响。S113: On one side of the tempered glass in the model box 32, a vertical three-dimensional laser scanner 26 is placed at a distance of 4m from the model box, and the accuracy requirement is at a scanning speed of 976,000 points/second; Set up a 70-megapixel true-color camera 27, set the camera 27 at a distance of 321.5m from the model box, test and adjust the non-contact monitoring system to meet the monitoring requirements; set up a 100M or 50M geological radar 23 on the surface of the upper layer 1 of the roadbed The antenna is connected to the host of the ground radar 23, and the influence of the side plate of the model box 32 is eliminated through testing.
S114:按照预设方案开启激振器25振幅，使得激振器25以0.05m/s的速度滑移，开启监测设备、地质雷达23主机、三维激光扫描仪26和摄像机27，监测在振动和一定速度渗流条件下病害的发育发展过程和土层中土压力、孔隙水压力和土层的变形过程。S114: Open the amplitude of the exciter 25 according to the preset scheme, so that the exciter 25 slides at a speed of 0.05m/s, open the monitoring equipment, the ground radar 23 host, the three-dimensional laser scanner 26 and the video camera 27, monitor the vibration and The development process of disease and the deformation process of soil pressure, pore water pressure and soil layer under the condition of certain velocity seepage.
S115:提取土压力、应变、孔隙水压力等数据，结合地质雷达23主机、三维激光扫描仪26和高速摄像机27采集的病害发育、土层变形过程，分析病害特征、环境和荷载条件下病害的发育演化过程及对路基的影响。S115: Extract data such as earth pressure, strain, pore water pressure, etc., and analyze disease characteristics, disease characteristics under environmental and load conditions in combination with disease development and soil deformation process collected by geological radar 23 host, 3D laser scanner 26 and high-speed camera 27 Development and evolution process and its impact on subgrade.
S116:拆下模拟上面层1和模拟下面层2、模拟基层3、模拟垫层4、模拟土基5、模拟岩层6以及模拟病害，按照设置的不同激振力模拟振动荷载、道路病害的类型和大小、地下水位下降速度、地下水渗流速度、降雨分布和雨强以及地层坡度等条件的改变，组成正交实验，重复S101-S115的试验过程；S116: Remove the simulated upper layer 1 and the simulated lower layer 2, the simulated base layer 3, the simulated cushion layer 4, the simulated soil foundation 5, the simulated rock layer 6 and the simulated disease, and simulate the vibration load and the type of road disease according to the different exciting forces set and size, groundwater table drop rate, groundwater seepage velocity, rainfall distribution and intensity, and stratum slope to form an orthogonal experiment and repeat the test process of S101-S115;
S117:不同激振力模拟振动荷载的改变可通过激振器25控制器调整激振力的大小，可设置5种左右的激振力工况；S117: The change of the simulated vibration load with different exciting forces can adjust the size of the exciting force through the controller of the vibrator 25, and about 5 kinds of exciting force working conditions can be set;
S118:道路病害的类型和大小可通过不同病害工况设置，其中隐伏空洞病害可布置三种不同的埋深，5-30cm直径的5种PVC管道12，分别在模拟土基5和/或模拟垫层4模拟不同工况；地层疏松病害采用三种不同深度，布设10cm-50cm厚度的5种泡沫板11，分别在模拟土基5和/或模拟垫层4中模拟不同工况；翻浆冒泥病害可布置三种不同的埋深，10cm-40cm范围的泥水混合物36，分别在模拟土基5和/或模拟垫层4中模拟不同工况。S118: The type and size of road disease can be set through different disease conditions, among which the concealed cavity disease can be arranged with three different buried depths, 5 kinds of PVC pipes 12 with a diameter of 5-30cm, respectively in the simulated soil foundation 5 and/or simulated Cushion layer 4 simulates different working conditions; ground porosity disease adopts three different depths, lays five types of foam boards 11 with a thickness of 10cm-50cm, and simulates different working conditions in simulated soil foundation 5 and/or simulated cushion layer 4 respectively; Mud disease can be arranged in three different buried depths, and the mud-water mixture 36 in the range of 10cm-40cm can be used to simulate different working conditions in the simulated soil foundation 5 and/or the simulated cushion layer 4 respectively.
S119:地下水位下降速度可按照相似比设置三种不同下降速度；S119: The groundwater level drop rate can be set to three different drop rates according to the similarity ratio;
S120:地下水渗流速度可按照相似比设置三种不同速度；S120: Groundwater seepage speed can be set in three different speeds according to the similarity ratio;
S121:雨强可按照相似比设置大、中、小三种不同的雨强；S121: The rain intensity can be set according to the similarity ratio to three different rain intensities: large, medium and small;
S121:降雨的分布可按照相似比设置三种工况，分别为路基中心两侧各40cm范围，路基一侧距离中心50cm处宽度为50cm，路基边坡位置宽度为40cm；S121: The distribution of rainfall can be set in three working conditions according to the similarity ratio, which are 40cm on both sides of the center of the subgrade, 50cm at the side of the subgrade 50cm from the center, and 40cm at the side slope of the subgrade;
S122:地层坡度通过千斤顶群控制开关10调整不同位置千斤顶的高度来模拟地层的变化，千斤顶的升降速度控制在0.01m/s；S122: the stratum slope is adjusted by the jack group control switch 10 to adjust the height of the jacks in different positions to simulate the change of the stratum, and the lifting speed of the jack is controlled at 0.01m/s;
S123:提取各种工况中土压力、应变、孔隙水压力等数据，结合地质雷达23、三维激光扫描仪26和摄像机27采集的病害发育、土层变形过程，分析不同工况组合条件下病害特征、环境和荷载条件下病害的发育演化和规律及对路基的破坏，分析路基稳定性的各条件阈值范围。S123: Extract data such as earth pressure, strain, and pore water pressure in various working conditions, and combine disease development and soil deformation process collected by ground radar 23, 3D laser scanner 26, and camera 27 to analyze diseases under different working condition combinations The development, evolution and law of diseases under the characteristics, environment and load conditions and the damage to the subgrade, and the threshold range of each condition for the stability of the subgrade are analyzed.
尽管上面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可以作出很多形式的具体变换，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative and not restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art Under the enlightenment of the present invention, without departing from the gist of the invention and the scope of protection of the claims, personnel can also make specific changes in many forms, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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