CN116516739A - Vibration reduction system for ballast bed, ballast bed board, ballast bed and track system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a vibration reduction system for a track bed, a track bed plate, a track bed and a track system, which combine two vibration reduction modes of a track bed resonator and a track bed damper, and the track bed resonator is provided with the resonance plate which can change the natural frequency of the track bed plate and the track bed, so that the vibration frequency of the track bed and the natural frequency of surrounding facilities form a frequency section difference and are not in the same resonance frequency, and the influence of vibration noise can be avoided or reduced; the track bed vibration absorber is a vibration absorbing pad, a steel spring vibration isolator or a rubber spring vibration isolator, and has an elastic unit capable of absorbing and reducing vibration impact energy of train running, so that the effects of vibration absorption and noise reduction of the track can be realized. As described above, the invention combines two vibration reduction modes with different principles, and the two vibration reduction modes can complement advantages, thereby realizing more ideal vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the track.

Description

Vibration reduction system for ballast bed, ballast bed board, ballast bed and track system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail vibration reduction and noise reduction, and in particular relates to a ballast bed vibration reduction system, a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed and a track system.

Background technique

When the train is running on the track, the impact energy during its operation will cause serious vibration and noise on the track, seriously affecting the ride experience of the passengers on the train, and also affecting the quality of life of the residents around the track. At the same time, the stability, safety and service life of rail transit itself will also be affected. Therefore, there must be technologies and products that can effectively reduce vibration and noise, so as to improve the stability of the structure and ensure the safety of the track line operation.

In the prior art, there are many different forms of rail vibration reduction, such as the use of elastic fasteners, elastic sleepers, integral vibration damping pads, floating rail structures, and the like. However, complex multi-band actual vibration and corresponding noise radiation will be generated when the train is running, and due to the track structure and various working conditions of the running train, the actual vibration and noise conditions between different tracks and in each section of the track are different. different. In addition, the vibration will not only generate noise radiation, but also spread to adjacent buildings through the ballast bed and foundation. Therefore, it is difficult for the existing track system adopting a single damping measure to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a new type of damping track system that can solve the above-mentioned complicated and multifaceted problems is currently needed.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is carried out to solve the above problems, and the purpose is to provide a vibration reduction system that combines various vibration reduction measures and can achieve a more ideal vibration reduction and noise reduction effect, and a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed and a ballast bed using the vibration reduction system. Track system, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:

The present invention provides a vibration damping system for a ballast bed, which is characterized in that it includes: at least one ballast bed vibration absorber, including an elastic unit for vibration absorption; and at least one ballast bed resonator, each of which includes: at least one The resonant plate is arranged on the upper surface of the plate body; and the vibration damping layer is arranged between the resonant plate and the plate body.

The vibration damping system for ballast bed provided by the present invention can also have such technical features, wherein, the ballast bed vibration isolator is an open type vibration isolator, the number is plural, the elastic unit is a rubber spring, and the open type The vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the plate body, and the rubber spring is arranged below the outer sleeve; a spring support plate is arranged above the rubber spring; a height-adjusting gasket is arranged Above the spring support plate; and a locking washer, arranged above the height-adjusting washer, and embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected with the height-adjusting washer and the spring through the connecting piece The support plates are connected together.

The ballast bed vibration damping system provided by the present invention can also have such technical features, wherein, the ballast bed vibration isolator is a regulation type vibration isolator, the number is plural, and the elastic unit includes a regulation upper shell, a regulation With the lower shell and the rubber spring arranged inside the covering structure formed by fitting the upper shell for regulation and the lower shell for regulation, the regulation-type vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, a pre-embedded In the plate body, the elastic element is arranged below the outer sleeve; the height adjustment gasket is arranged above the elastic element; and the locking gasket is arranged above the height adjustment gasket, and It is embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected with the height adjustment spacer and the elastic element through a connecting piece.

The damping system for ballast bed provided by the present invention can also have such technical features, wherein, the ballast bed vibration isolator is a buried type vibration isolator, the number is plural, and the elastic unit includes a spring support upper shell, a spring The supporting lower shell and the rubber spring arranged inside the cladding structure formed by fitting the spring supporting upper shell and the spring supporting lower shell, the buried type vibration isolator also includes: a mounting seat, which is pre-embedded in Below the plate body, the upper end of the elastic element is embedded in the mounting seat; the height adjustment gasket is arranged between the elastic element and the base; One end is driven into the base to fix.

The damping system for ballast bed provided by the present invention may also have such technical features, wherein, the ballast bed shock absorber is a stacked type vibration isolator, the number is plural, and the elastic unit includes a support cylinder, a support base, a set There are at least two rubber springs and several spring connection assemblies inside the covering structure formed by fitting the support cylinder and the support base. A plurality of the rubber springs are vertically stacked, and the spring connection assemblies are arranged adjacent to each other. Between the two rubber springs, a plurality of the rubber springs are connected into one body, and the superposition type vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the plate body, and the elastic element is arranged on the Below the outer sleeve; the height adjustment gasket is arranged above the elastic element; and the locking gasket is arranged above the height adjustment gasket, and is embedded in the outer sleeve and passed through the connecting piece It is connected together with the height adjustment spacer and the elastic element.

The damping system for ballast bed provided by the present invention can also have such technical features, wherein, the ballast bed shock absorber is a steel spring vibration isolator, the number is plural, and the elastic unit includes a support cylinder, a support base and a set The first steel spring and the second steel spring inside the cladding structure formed by fitting the support cylinder and the support base, the steel spring vibration isolator also includes: an outer sleeve, pre-embedded in the plate body Among them, the elastic element is arranged under the outer sleeve; the height adjustment gasket is arranged above the elastic element; and the locking gasket is arranged above the height adjustment gasket and fitted in the It is inside the outer sleeve, and is connected with the height adjustment spacer and the elastic element through a connecting piece.

The damping system for ballast bed provided by the present invention can also have such technical features, wherein, the ballast bed damper is a ballast bed damping pad made of rubber, which is arranged between the ballast bed plate and the base, and The ballast bed vibration damping pad includes: a backing plate main body; and a plurality of vibration damping bosses distributed on one surface of the backing plate main body and integrally formed with the backing plate main body, wherein the vibration damping bosses are conical Shaped, cylindrical or ribbed.

The present invention provides a ballast bed board, which is characterized in that it includes: a board body; and a ballast bed vibration damping system arranged on the ballast body, wherein the ballast bed vibration damping system is the ballast bed vibration damping system mentioned above .

The present invention provides a ballast bed, which is characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of ballast bed boards arranged end to end on the base in sequence, wherein the ballast bed boards are the above-mentioned ballast bed boards.

The present invention provides a track system, which is characterized in that it includes: a base; a ballast bed; arranged on the base; and steel rails, loaded on the ballast bed, wherein the ballast bed is the above-mentioned ballast bed.

Invention function and effect

According to the ballast bed vibration damping system, ballast bed plate, ballast bed and track system of the present invention, two vibration reduction forms of ballast bed resonator and ballast bed damper are combined. The natural frequency of the resonant plate can make the vibration frequency of the ballast bed and the natural frequency of the surrounding environmental facilities form a frequency difference, which is not in the same resonance frequency, so that the influence of vibration and noise can be avoided or reduced; due to the use of the ballast bed vibration damper, its It has an elastic unit that can absorb and reduce the vibration and impact energy of the train running, so it can achieve the effect of rail vibration and noise reduction. As mentioned above, the present invention combines two vibration reduction methods with different principles, and the two can complement each other to achieve a more ideal rail vibration and noise reduction effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the track system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a middle ballast bed resonator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a top view of a middle ballast bed resonator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a side view of a middle ballast bed resonator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the part inside frame B in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the track system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a top view of the track system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is an exploded view of the structure of the open vibration isolator in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of an outer sleeve in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of a spring support plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the height-adjusting spacer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a locking washer according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an open vibration isolator in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the adjustment tool in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 15 is an exploded view of the structure of the regulation type vibration isolator in the third embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of an outer sleeve in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Fig. 18 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a limiting post in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the track system in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Fig. 20 is an exploded view of the structure of the buried vibration isolator in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Fig. 21 is a sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the buried vibration isolator in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Fig. 23 is an exploded view of the structure of the superimposed vibration isolator in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 24 is an exploded view of the structure of the elastic element in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 26 is a three-dimensional structural view of the supporting cylinder in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the supporting cylinder in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 28 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support base in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 29 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a spring connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Figure 31 is an enlarged view of the part inside frame A in Figure 24;

Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the top stopper in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 33 is a sectional view of the steel spring vibration isolator in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

Fig. 34 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a six-broken spring indicator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 35 is an exploded view of the structure of the sixth broken spring indicator of the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference signs:

Track system 10; ballast bed 100; ballast bed plate 110; plate body 111; sleeper 112; open type vibration isolator 120; outer sleeve 121; Raised part 1213; Flange 1214; Rubber spring 122; Spring support plate 123; Support plate raised part 1231; Mounting hole 1232; The first installation groove 1243; the locking washer 125; the raised part of the locking piece 1251; the second relief hole 1252; the second installation groove 1253; the protective cover 126; the connector 127; Sleeve 131; guide section 1311; support section 1312; inner protrusion 13121 of the second cylinder; support step 13121a; spring limit protrusion 13121b; fixing pin 1313; flange 1314; ;support part 13211; relief groove 13212; embedded groove 13213; lower housing for regulation 1322; rubber ring groove 13221; limit column installation groove 13222; rubber spring 1323; limit rubber ring 1324; ; Locking washer 134; Connector 135; Limiting post 136; Upper cylindrical end 1361; Lower cylindrical end 1362; Protective cover 137; Buried type vibration isolator 140; Spring support upper shell 1421; embedded groove 14211; magnet mounting groove 14212; spring support lower shell 1422; rubber ring mounting groove 14221; limit column mounting groove 14222; rubber spring 1423; Spacer 143; relief hole 1431; limit column 144; superimposed type vibration isolator 150; outer sleeve 151; locking washer 152; height-adjusting washer 153; elastic element 154; ; top relief groove 15411a; top mounting hole 15411b; first cylindrical part 15412; inner support plate 15413; positioning column installation groove 15413a; second cylindrical part 15414; Column embedded groove 15431; limit piece installation groove 15421; give way groove 15422; rubber spring 1543; spring connection assembly 1544; spring connection piece 15441; peripheral part 54411; ;Positioning post mounting hole 54412a; Fitting groove 54413; Connector fixing piece 15442; Fixing piece 15443; Spring limit assembly 1545; Top limit piece 15451; Spring vibration isolator 160; outer sleeve 161; locking washer 162; height-adjusting washer 163; elastic element 164; supporting cylinder 1641; supporting base 1642; Two steel springs 1645; Protective cover plate 165; Limit post 167; Broken spring indicator 166; Indicator fixed plate 1661; Fixed plate mounting hole 16611; Fixed nut 1664; broken spring indicator rod 1665; reflective indicator sticker 1666; track bed resonator 180; resonator plate 181; Clip body 1842; fastener 1843; fastening clip 184; track bed vibration damping pad 190; backing plate main body 191; vibration damping boss 192;

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments and drawings will be used to describe the ballast bed vibration damping system, ballast bed plate, ballast bed and track system of the present invention in detail.

<Example 1>

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the track system in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the rail system 10 of this embodiment includes a base 200 , a ballast bed 100 disposed on the base 200 , and a steel rail 300 placed on the ballast bed 100 . Wherein, the ballast bed 100 is composed of a plurality of ballast bed slabs 110 connected end to end in sequence, and there is a predetermined gap (slab seam) between two adjacent ballast bed slabs 110 .

In this embodiment, the ballast bed slab 110 is a vibration-damping ballast bed slab combined with various vibration-damping measures, which includes a plate body 111 and a ballast bed vibration-damping system arranged on the plate body 111.

In this embodiment, the board body 111 is a rectangular concrete prefabricated board, and its size is 4690mm×3000mm×411mm (length×width×thickness). On the board body 111, eight pairs of sleepers 112 are evenly spaced along its length direction. , the distance between two adjacent pairs of sleepers 112 is 595 mm, and the rail 300 is placed on the sleepers 112 and fixed by fasteners.

The damping system for the ballast bed includes a ballast bed resonator 180 and a ballast bed shock absorber that includes an elastic unit. In this embodiment, according to the size of the plate body 111, the number of the ballast bed resonator 180 is set to one, and the ballast bed resonator (that is, Elastic unit) is ballast bed damping pad 190, and the quantity is one piece.

Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure diagram of the resonator in the present embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the top view of the resonator in the present embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the resonator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 2-4 , the ballast resonator 180 includes a resonator plate 181 , a vibration damping layer 182 , a limiting seat 183 and a fastening clip 184 .

The resonant plate 181 is disposed on the plate body 111 along the extending direction of the rail 300 . The number of resonant plates 181 is at least one, and the number of resonant plates 181 can be increased as required in practical applications. The thickness of the resonant plate 181 is 50 mm to 80 mm. The total thickness of the resonant plate 181 after stacking should be less than the height of the rail 300, and the total width of the resonant plate 181 after being tiled should be less than the distance between two steel rails 300, so as to avoid affecting the track system 10 normal operation.

In this embodiment, the resonant plate 181 includes a metal plate and a rubber layer covering the surface of the metal plate. The single resonance plate 181 has a width of 550 mm, a thickness of 80 mm, a length of 2200 mm, and a mass of 506 kg, that is, the mass per linear meter is 230 kg. In this embodiment, the number of resonant plates 181 is set to two, and the two resonant plates 181 are vertically stacked and fixedly connected, and the mass per linear meter is 460 kg. In practical applications, the two resonant plates 181 can also be laid in parallel left and right, and the mass per linear meter is 460kg.

The ballast resonator 180 also includes fastening clips 184, two fastening clips 184 are symmetrically arranged in the middle of the resonant plate 181 along the length direction of the resonant plate 181, for fixing the vertically stacked resonant plates 181. The fastening clip 184 includes an upper clip body 1841 , a lower clip body 1842 and a fastener 1843 . The material of the upper half clip body 1841 and the lower half clip body 1842 is Q235, and the surface adopts electrostatic spraying anticorrosion treatment. The upper clip body 1841 includes a U-shaped main body 18411 and two wing parts 18412 respectively extending outward from two ends of the main body 18411. The fastener 1843 in this embodiment adopts M20 external hexagonal bolts, and the wing 18412 is provided with a connecting hole 18413 matching the fastener 1843 . The lower half clamp body 1842 is the same as the upper half clamp body 1841 in structure, and the upper half clamp body 1841 and the lower half clamp body 1842 are arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower sides of the stacked resonant plates respectively, and are connected by fasteners 1843, The resonance plate 181 is thereby fixed.

The damping layer 182 is arranged between the resonant plate 181 and the plate body 111, and the width of the damping layer 182 does not exceed the width of the resonant plate 181. The lower surface of the damping layer 182 has a plurality of evenly arranged damping protrusions 1821, and the damping protrusions 1821 can reduce the contact area between the lower surface of the damping layer 182 and the upper surface of the plate body 111, further reducing vibration transmission. In this embodiment, the number of vibration-damping layers 182 is four, and two vibration-damping layers 182 form a group, and the two groups of vibration-damping layers 182 are symmetrically arranged on the lower surface near the two ends of the resonant plate 181 stacked below. and integrally formed with the resonant plate 181. In practical applications, the vibration damping layer 182 and the resonant plate 181 can also be separated.

Different types of vibration-damping layers 182 have different sizes and static moduli. When different types of vibration-damping layers 12 are used, the natural frequencies of the ballast bed resonators 180 are also correspondingly different. In order to determine a suitable type of damping layer, the stiffness of the ballast resonator 180 is calculated according to the size and static modulus of the damping layer 182, and the total stiffness per linear meter is obtained as:

In the formula, a is the width of the damping layer 182; b is the length of the damping cushion 12; n is the number of the damping cushion 12; S is the static modulus of the damping cushion 12; L is the resonance plate 11 length.

According to the total stiffness per linear meter, the natural frequency of the ballast resonator 180 is further calculated as:

In the formula, m is the total mass of the resonance plate 181 per linear meter.

Through the calculation and analysis of different types of damping layers 12, the selection of damping cushions with appropriate dimensions and static modulus can effectively adjust the natural frequency of the ballast resonator 180 to achieve a better resonance effect.

Two position-limiting seats 183 are respectively arranged at two ends of the resonant plate 181 along the length direction of the resonant plate 181, and are used to limit the position of the resonant plate 181.

The installation process of the track bed resonator 180 includes the following steps:

Step S1-1, determine the installation position of each ballast resonator 180 on the plate body 111 according to the design requirements, then detect the internal steel bars of the plate body 111, and determine the predetermined position of the bolt 1834 for installing the limit seat according to the detection results.

Step S1-2, embedding the bolts 1834 for installing the limit seat at predetermined positions on the plate body 111 and anchoring them.

Step S1-3, pre-calculate the natural frequency of the ballast resonator 180 using different types of vibration-damping layers 182, select a suitable type of vibration-damping layer according to the calculation results, and then install the resonator plate 181 and the vibration-damping layer 182 along the extension of the rail 300 The two resonant plates 181 stacked one above the other are fixedly connected by fastening clips 184 .

In step S1-4, install a pair of limit seats 183 on both ends of the resonant plate 181 through the limit seat installation bolts 1834, so as to fix the resonant plate 181 on the plate body 111.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the part inside frame B in Fig. 1, that is, a cross-sectional view of the damping pad of the ballast bed.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the ballast bed damping pad 190 is a backing plate made of rubber, which includes a backing plate main body 191 and a plurality of vibration-damping bosses 192 .

Wherein, the backing plate main body 191 is a rectangular solid plate structure with a certain thickness.

A plurality of damping bosses 192 are all formed on the same surface of the backing plate main body 191, distributed in a matrix, and integrally formed with the backing plate main body 191; the other surface of the backing plate main body 191 is a plane. The vibration-damping bosses 192 are all in the shape of a cone. In an alternative solution, the vibration-damping bosses 192 can also be in the shape of a cylinder or a rib.

The installation method of ballast bed damping pad 190 is as follows:

On the surface of the base 200, first lay a barrier film made of soft polyethylene material, and then lay a layer of ballast bed vibration damping pad 190 on the barrier film. The area of the ballast bed vibration damper pad 190 should be greater than the area of the barrier film. Subsequently, the prefabricated plate body 111 is hoisted and laid above the ballast bed vibration damping pad 190, and the both sides of the ballast bed vibration damping pad 190 and the plate body 111 in the width direction are fixed by riveting.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the ballast bed vibration damping system, ballast bed plate 110, ballast bed 100 and track system 10 provided in this embodiment, two vibration reduction forms of ballast bed resonator 180 and ballast bed vibration damping pad 190 are combined. Since ballast bed resonator 180 is adopted, its It is a passive form of vibration reduction, with multiple resonant plates 181, which can change the overall natural frequency of the ballast bed plate 110 and the ballast bed 100 through the mass factor of the resonant plates 181, so that the vibration frequency of the ballast bed 100 and the natural frequency of the surrounding environmental facilities form a The frequency difference is not in the same resonance frequency, so that the impact of vibration and noise can be avoided or reduced; due to the use of the ballast bed vibration damping pad 190, which is an active form of vibration reduction, it can absorb and reduce the vibration impact energy when the train is running, Realize the effect of track vibration and noise reduction. As mentioned above, the present invention combines two vibration reduction methods with different principles to achieve a more ideal rail vibration and noise reduction effect.

<Example 2>

This embodiment provides a ballast bed vibration damping system, a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed and a track system. Compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that the ballast bed vibration damper of this embodiment is an open type vibration isolator.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the track system in this embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a top view of the track system in this embodiment.

As shown in Figures 6-7, in this embodiment, the vibration damping system for the ballast bed includes a resonator 180 and a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 arranged in the plate body 111.

The structure and installation method of the track bed resonator 180 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

A plurality of open vibration isolators 120 are arranged in two pairs along the length direction of the track bed slab 110, and a pair of open vibration isolators 120 are respectively located under the two rails 300, and viewed from the plane, each The open vibration isolators 120 are arranged between two adjacent sleepers 112 and the steel rail 300 , and the upper ends of the open vibration isolators 120 are exposed from one side of the steel rail 300 .

As shown in Fig. 7, multiple open type vibration isolators 120 on one ballast bed slab 110 can be arranged in different ways according to actual needs. The three ballast bed slabs 110 shown in Fig. The second transition section plate, the first transition section plate and the middle section plate.

When used as the second transition section plate, 5 pairs of open vibration isolators 120 are arranged on the track bed slab 110 along its length direction, and 3 pairs of open vibration isolators 120 are densely arranged at one end used to connect the upper track section of the bridge , the spacing between these 3 pairs is 595mm, and the spacing between the other two pairs is 1190mm.

When used as the first transition section plate, 4 pairs of open vibration isolators 120 are evenly spaced along its length direction on the ballast bed plate 110, and the distance between two adjacent pairs is 1190 mm.

When used as an intermediate section plate, three pairs of open vibration isolators 120 are evenly spaced along its length direction on the track bed plate 110, and the distance between two adjacent pairs is 1785mm.

Fig. 8 is an exploded view of the structure of the open type vibration isolator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the open type vibration isolator 120 includes an outer sleeve 121 , a rubber spring 122 , a spring support plate 123 , a height-adjusting washer 124 , a locking washer 125 , a protective cover 126 and a plurality of connecting pieces 127 .

Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve in this embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 8-9 , the outer sleeve 121 is made of metal (cast iron) and has a through-type cylindrical structure as a whole. The overall height (that is, the length of the outer sleeve 121 ) is consistent with the thickness of the plate body 111 . The outer sleeve 121 can be divided into a guide section 1211 at the top and a support section 1212 at the bottom along its length direction.

Guide section 1211 is used for putting into spring support plate 123, height-adjusting washer 124, locking washer 125 during installation, and plays a guiding role when these plates slide down. The cross-sectional shape of the guide section 1211 is a triangular flange structure, and three inner tube protrusions 12111 protruding radially into the tube in a stepped shape are formed. Evenly distributed.

Specifically, the protrusion 12111 in the sleeve extends along the length direction of the outer sleeve 121 , one end extends to the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 , and the other end is located at a lower position inside the outer sleeve 121 . The supporting section 1212 is in the shape of a circular cylinder, so the other end of the protrusion 12111 in the cylinder and the supporting section 1212 form a supporting step 12111 a for providing support for the rubber spring 122 . In addition, a surface of the inner tube protrusion 12111 parallel to the central axis of the outer tube 121 has a certain arc.

The upper end of the outer sleeve 121 has three radially outwardly protruding upper end protrusions 1213, and the upper end protrusions 1213 are provided with protective cover connecting holes for supporting and connecting the protective cover 126. The lower end of the outer sleeve 121 has a circle of outwardly protruding flanges 1214, forming a skirt-like structure. The outer sleeve 121 of this embodiment is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the plate body 111 when the plate body 111 is manufactured by casting. The flange 1214 can increase the adhesion and bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121 . At the same time, the upper protruding portion 1213 also forms a lug structure, which can also increase the adhesion and bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121 .

The rubber spring 122 is arranged below the outer sleeve 121, utilizes the elastic deformation effect of its own rubber material to absorb the vibration energy transmitted from the curved plate body 110 when the train is running, and plays the role of damping and noise reduction. As shown in Figure 8, the upper end and the lower end of the rubber spring 122 are in the shape of a circular plate, and the upper end and the lower end are wrapped with a circular metal plate, so that the rubber spring 122 can be stressed more evenly. The middle of 122 tapers radially inwardly. The thickness (i.e. its initial height) of the rubber spring 122 in an unstressed state is 150mm-750mm.

In addition, the rubber spring 122 has various stiffness specifications. In the production process, the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 can be adjusted by adjusting the composition and production parameters of the rubber.

Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring support plate in this embodiment.

As shown in Figure 10, the spring support plate 123 is used to provide support for the upper end of the rubber spring 122, and plays the role of support and load transmission for the whole ballast bed system. The spring support plate 123 is made of metal, its main body is roughly in the shape of a circular plate, and has three support plate protrusions 1231, so that the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 matches the cross-section of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121 Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 is basically consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211 , and its size is slightly smaller than the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211 . The thickness of the main part of the spring support plate 123 is 25mm-30mm, and the thickness of the three support plate protrusions 1231 is thicker than the main part, so a side for covering the upper end of the rubber spring 122 is formed on one side of the spring support plate 123. structure. In addition, three installation holes 1232 are opened on the spring support plate 123, and their positions correspond to the three support plate protrusions 1231 respectively, and are used for installing the connector 127. In this embodiment, the connector 127 is a bolt and a nut.

Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional structural view of the height-adjusting spacer in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 11 , the height-adjusting spacer 124 is used to adjust the installation height of the rubber spring 122 , so that the surface heights of the curved plate body 110 can conform to the design data. The height-adjusting spacer 124 is also made of metal, and its outer contour shape is consistent with the spring support plate 123, and has three height-adjusting plate protrusions 1241, so the description will not be repeated. In the middle part of the height-adjusting spacer 124, there is a substantially circular first relief hole 1242, which is used for the insertion of corresponding installation tools when the vibration isolator is installed. The height-adjusting spacer 124 also has three radially extending first installation grooves 1243, the first installation groove 1243 communicates with the first relief hole 1243 in the middle, and the extension of the height-adjusting plate protrusion 1241 in the first installation groove 1243 direction. According to the actual required height, one or more stacked height-adjusting pads 124 can be used, and the thickness of the height-adjusting pads 124 is 2mm-10mm.

Fig. 12 is a three-dimensional structural view of the locking washer in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 12 , the locking washer 125 is used to lock the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting washer 124 in the outer sleeve 121 . The locking washer 125 is also made of metal, and its outer ring is in the same shape as the spring support plate 123, and has three locking plate protrusions 1251, so the description will not be repeated. A substantially circular second relief hole 1252 is defined in the middle of the locking washer 125 , and its shape is consistent with that of the first relief hole 1242 . The locking washer 125 also has three second mounting grooves 1253 extending radially. The second mounting grooves 1253 communicate with the second relief hole 1252 in the middle. The directions are staggered, and the extension line of the second installation groove 1253 is located between the two locking plate protrusions 1251 . The thickness of the lock washer 125 is 10mm.

Since the shapes of the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the locking washer 125 are all matched with the inner wall of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, these plates can be put in from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121. , and under the guidance of the guide section 1211, keep the angle when it is put in and slide down to the support section 1212, so as to facilitate installation.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 8 , due to the three mounting holes 1232 on the spring support plate 123 , the three first mounting grooves 1242 on the height-adjusting washer 124 and the three second mounting grooves 1252 on the locking washer 125 The distribution is uniform, so when installing, the installation grooves and installation holes on the three plates can form the connector installation holes that pass through in the vertical direction, so that the connector 127 can be set to fasten the three plates on the Together.

The protective cover plate 126 is used to cover the upper opening of the outer sleeve 161 after the installation of the vibration isolator is completed, so as to prevent dust and foreign matter from entering and affecting the vibration isolation effect and service life of the vibration isolator. As shown in Figure 9, the shape of the protective cover plate 126 is consistent with the shape of the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121, and a connector mounting hole is opened at the corresponding position, so the protective cover plate 126 can completely cover the upper surface of the outer sleeve 121. The end surface is fixed on the upper raised portion 1213 of the outer sleeve 121 through a plurality of connecting pieces.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the open type vibration isolator in this embodiment, which shows the state where the installation of the open type vibration isolator 120 is completed.

As shown in FIG. 13 , the outer sleeve 121 is pre-embedded in the plate body 111 . Since the height of the outer sleeve 121 is consistent with the thickness of the plate body 111 , the upper and lower openings of the outer sleeve 121 are respectively exposed from both sides of the plate body 111 . After the installation is completed, the three protrusions of the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 abut against the three support steps 12111a respectively, the locking washer 125 is embedded in the bottom of the guide section 1211, and the spring support plate 123, The height-adjusting washer 124 and the locking washer 125 are fixedly connected together through the connecting piece 127 , so that the three plates are fixed inside the outer sleeve 121 . The rubber spring 122 is disposed under the outer sleeve 121 , the upper end of the rubber spring 122 abuts against the main body of the spring support plate 123 and is covered by the support plate protrusion 1231 , and the lower end of the rubber spring 122 abuts against the base 200 .

In addition, the total thickness of the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting spacer 124 is greater than the distance from the support step 12111a to the lower end of the outer sleeve 121, which makes the lower end of the rubber spring 122 located outside the curved plate body 110, even if The bent plate body 110 is not in direct contact with the base 200 , but is placed on the base 200 in point contact through a plurality of rubber springs 122 , forming a form of a floating plate.

During track construction, the installation process of the open vibration isolator 120 specifically includes the following steps:

In step S2-1, a plate body 111 with a plurality of outer sleeves 121 pre-embedded is provided on the base 200 .

In this embodiment, the board body 111 is a prefabricated board, which is placed on the base 200 by hoisting.

Step S2-2, measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 121 by a test instrument, and set the quantity and specification of the corresponding height-adjusting shims 124 according to the measured relative height parameter.

In step S2-3, the board body 111 is lifted to a predetermined construction height by a jacking device.

As shown in Fig. 7, a plurality of jacking boxes 116 are pre-embedded on both sides of the plate body 111 in the width direction, and the jacking boxes 116 are box-shaped metal parts with openings facing downwards. The jacking equipment is a hydraulic jack, including a hydraulic pump, a diverter valve and multiple jack heads. During construction, a plurality of jack heads are respectively embedded in a plurality of jacking boxes 116 of the board body 111, and under the control of the industrial computer, a plurality of jack heads are simultaneously lifted, thereby steadily lifting the board body 111. The jacking height should be such that the distance between the support step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121 embedded in the plate body 111 and the base 200 is greater than that of the rubber spring 122 to be placed, the spring support plate 123 and several height-adjusting spacers 153 The total thickness is such that the rubber spring 122 is put in without stress, and the spring support plate 123 and the height-adjusting washer 124 can be rotatably adjusted. That is, the predetermined construction height is greater than the final board floating height.

Step S2-4, for each outer sleeve 121, put the rubber spring 122, spring support plate 123 and height-adjusting washer 124 from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121 in sequence, and use the adjustment tool to place the spring support plate 123 and The height-adjusting washer 124 is rotated at a predetermined angle, so that its plurality of protrusions are respectively located directly below the plurality of supporting steps 12111a.

In this embodiment, the number of supporting steps 12111a is three and is evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, the spring supporting plate 123 and the height-adjusting spacer 124 put in are rotated 60 degrees by an adjustment tool. At this time, the spring The three protrusions of the support plate 123 and the height adjustment pad 124 are respectively located directly below the three support steps 12111a. After the plate body 111 is put down, the three protrusions respectively abut against the three supporting steps 12111a to form a supporting structure.

Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional structural view of the adjusting tool in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 14 , the adjustment tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjustment head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601. The adjustment head 602 has three radially extending adjustment ends 6021. The three adjustment ends 6021 The position distribution corresponds to three installation grooves or installation holes of the spring support plate 123 , the height adjustment washer 124 and the locking washer 125 respectively. Bolts (not shown) extending vertically are installed on the adjusting end 6021.

Therefore, taking the spring support plate 123 as an example, construction personnel can hold the handle 601, extend the adjustment head 602 into the outer sleeve 121, and make the bolts on the three adjustment ends 6021 respectively embedded in the three bolts of the spring support plate 123. Installing in the hole 1231 , and then turning the handle 601 horizontally, the spring supporting plate 123 can be turned horizontally through the three adjusting ends 6021 .

Step S2-5, lowering the bent plate body 110 by the jacking device.

At this time, each rubber spring 122 enters a stressed state, the curved plate body 110 floats on the base 200, and all the loads of the curved plate body 110 are transmitted to the spring support plate 123 and the rubber spring through the supporting step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121 122.

Step S2-6, for each outer sleeve 121, put the locking washer 125 from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121, the locking washer 125 slides down to the height-adjusting washer 124 along the guide section 1211, and passes through the bolt Fasten the locking washer 125 , the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 together, thereby preventing the height-adjusting washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 from rotating and falling off.

Step S2-7, for each outer sleeve 121, install the protective cover plate 126 on the upper end surface of the outer sleeve 121, complete the installation of all open type vibration isolators 120, and form the above-mentioned curved track bed 100.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the damping system for the ballast bed provided in this embodiment, the ballast bed plate 110, the ballast bed 100, and the track system 10, since the plate body 111 is placed on the base 200 through a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 including rubber springs 124, forming In the form of a floating plate, it can achieve a stronger active vibration absorption effect. Lay damping pad between ballast bed 100 and base 200, the rigidity of whole damping system is still bigger, and system frequency is higher, so damping effect is limited. However, a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 are used to form a floating plate, that is, a point support method is used to cut off the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure, and a plurality of rubber springs 122 are used to absorb the impact energy of the passing train. Therefore, stronger vibration absorption and vibration reduction effects can be achieved.

In particular, the outer sleeve 121 is pre-embedded in the curved plate body 110, and the rubber spring 122 is arranged below the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, the vibration isolator of this embodiment is an open type vibration isolator, and the rubber spring 122 is formed from the curved plate. The bottom of the body 110 is exposed, which is not only convenient for installation, but also can conveniently check the rubber spring 122 from the gap between the curved plate body 110 and the base 200 after the installation is completed, which is beneficial for subsequent maintenance.

Further, since the outer contour shapes of the spring support plate 123, the height-adjusting washer 124 and the locking washer 125 all match the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, only the rubber spring 122, the spring Support plate 123, height-adjusting washer 124 and locking washer 125 are put into from the upper opening of outer sleeve 121, and spring support plate 123 and height-adjusting washer 124 are rotated predetermined angle, make it and outer sleeve 121 The raised part 12111 inside the tube forms a support structure, and then the installation of the vibration isolator can be completed by fixing it with a connecting piece. Therefore, the construction is convenient, the construction time is shorter, and the labor intensity of the workers is lower. Since a detachable structure is adopted instead of welding to realize the support structure, the open type vibration isolator 120 can be easily disassembled and the rubber spring 122 can be replaced during follow-up maintenance.

<Example Three>

This embodiment provides a damping system for a ballast bed, a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed, and a track system. Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that the ballast bed vibration damper of this embodiment is a regulation-type vibration isolator, and its structure is similar to that of the second embodiment. The open type vibration isolator of the second embodiment is different.

Fig. 15 is an exploded view of the structure of the regulation type vibration isolator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 15 , the standard type vibration isolator 130 includes an outer sleeve 131 , an elastic element 132 , a height-adjusting washer 133 , a locking washer 134 , a plurality of connecting pieces 135 , a limiting column 136 and a protective cover 137 .

Fig. 16 is a three-dimensional structural view of the outer sleeve in this embodiment.

As shown in Figure 16, the structure of the outer sleeve 131 is similar to the structure of the outer sleeve 121 of the second embodiment, the difference is that two circles of stepped structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 131, and the upper circle It is a jacking step 13111a, and the lower circle is a support step 13121a, and one end of the support step 13121a extends downward in the length direction of the outer sleeve 131, forming a lateral limit structure. One of the supporting steps 13121a is provided with a spring limiting protrusion 13121b. After the installation is completed, the spring limiting protrusion 13121b abuts against the upper surface of the elastic element 132 to limit the circular movement of the elastic element 132.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 17 , the elastic element 132 includes an upper case 1321 for regulation, a lower case 1322 for regulation and a rubber spring 1323 .

The upper casing 1321 for regulation is made of metal material, in the shape of a non-circular cover, and has three supporting parts 13211 protruding outward. The upper end surface of the upper housing 1321 for regulation has a circular relief groove 13212, which is used to provide space for the corresponding tool during installation; the inner surface has a circular embedding groove 13213, and the shape and size of the embedding groove 13213 are consistent with The upper end of the rubber spring 1323 matches. In addition, the inner diameter of the upper casing 1321 for regulation is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lower casing 1322 for regulation.

The lower casing 1322 for regulation is also made of metal and has a circular cover shape. The inner diameter of the lower housing 1322 for regulation matches the lower end of the rubber spring 1323. The outer periphery of the lower casing 1322 for regulation has two ring-shaped rubber ring grooves 13221 for fitting and installing the stopper rubber ring 1324 . The middle part of the bottom surface of the lower casing 1322 for regulation has a circular limit column installation groove 13222 for setting the limit column 136, and the limit column 136 is also embedded in the base 200, thereby limiting the level of the elastic element 132 relative to the base 200 displacement.

The structure of the rubber spring 1323 is consistent with that in the second embodiment.

When the elastic element 132 is assembled, the opening of the lower casing 1322 for regulation is upward, and the opening of the upper casing 1321 for regulation is covered downwardly on the lower casing 1322 for regulation, forming a covering structure. The limiting rubber ring 1324 fits in the rubber ring groove 13221 of the lower casing 1322 for regulation, and the limiting rubber ring 1324 protrudes outward from the rubber ring groove 13221, and the protruding part of the limiting rubber ring 1324 is in line with the regulation The inner surfaces of the upper housing 1321 are abutted against each other, so as to limit the upper and lower housings in the horizontal direction. The upper end of the rubber spring 1323 is embedded in the embedding groove 13211 of the upper casing 1321 for regulation, and fixed by bonding; the lower end of the rubber spring 1323 is embedded in the lower casing 1322 for regulation, and is also fixed by bonding. fixed, so as to form an elastic element 132 with an elastic buffering effect as a whole.

The structures of the height-adjusting washer 133, the locking washer 134, and the protective cover plate 137 are all consistent with those in Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

Fig. 18 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the limiting column in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 18 , the limiting post 136 is a pin-shaped metal part with an upper cylindrical end 1361 and a lower cylindrical end 1362 . During installation, the upper cylindrical end 1361 is inserted into the limiting column mounting groove 13222 of the lower housing 1322 for regulation, and the lower cylindrical end 1362 is driven into the base 200 to fix. The diameter of the upper cylindrical end 1361 is greater than that of the lower cylindrical end 1362, so a stepped structure is formed at the middle upper part of the limiting post 136 for limiting the penetration depth of the limiting post 136 when driving into the substrate 200.

The installation process of the regulatory type vibration isolator 130 in this embodiment is basically the same as that in the second embodiment, the difference is that in step S2-1, the limit post 136 is pre-installed at the predetermined position on the base 200; The regulation-type vibration isolator 130 does not include a spring support plate, and the regulation upper housing 1321 acts as a spring support plate. Therefore, in step S2-4, the elastic element 132 and the Correspondingly adjust the spacer 133, and rotate the elastic element 132 and the spacer 133 by 60 degrees. Other processes are the same as in Embodiment 2.

In this embodiment, other structures and working principles are the same as those in Embodiment 2, and will not be described again.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the damping system for the ballast bed provided in this embodiment, the ballast bed plate 110, the ballast bed 100 and the track system 10, a plurality of standard vibration isolators 130 are used to form a floating plate form, so the same vibration reduction as in the second embodiment can be achieved. noise effect.

Furthermore, rubber springs generally have degrees of freedom in multiple directions such as vertical, transverse, longitudinal, and torsion. In the regulation-type vibration isolator 130 of this embodiment, the rubber spring 1323 is arranged on the upper casing 1321 for regulation and the lower casing for regulation. Inside the cladding structure formed by fitting body 1322, the lateral and longitudinal degrees of freedom of the rubber spring 1323 are reasonably constrained by the cladding structure, which is equivalent to strengthening the lateral rigidity of the rubber spring 1323, so that the rubber spring 1323 can play a stable role. , ideal vibration damping effect, and can prolong the service life of the rubber spring 1323 .

In addition, the elastic element 132 including the rubber spring 1323 can be pre-assembled, and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction, so it is easy to install and maintain, and can improve the overall efficiency of track construction.

<Example 4>

This embodiment provides a damping system for a ballast bed, a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed, and a track system. Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that the ballast bed vibration damper of this embodiment is a buried type vibration isolator, and its structure is similar to that of the second embodiment. The open type vibration isolator of the second embodiment is different, and the structure of the ballast bed plate body is also different from that of the second embodiment.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the track system in this embodiment.

Fig. 20 is an exploded view of the structure of the buried type vibration isolator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 19-20 , a plurality of mounting seats 141 of buried vibration isolators 140 are pre-buried under the plate body 111 of this embodiment, and the structure of the buried vibration isolators 140 cannot be seen from above the plate body 111 .

The buried type vibration isolator 140 includes a mounting base 141 , an elastic element 142 , a height-adjusting washer 143 and a limiting column 144 .

The mounting seat 141 is an embedded part of metal material, and is preset at a corresponding position in its steel bar frame when pouring the curved plate body 110 of concrete. The mounting seat 141 is in the shape of a circular cover, and its shell thickness is 8mm-12mm. The upper end of the mounting seat 141 has a ring of flanges for increasing the adhesion and bearing capacity of the pre-embedded mounting seat 141 .

The elastic element 142 is generally cylindrical in shape, and its diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting seat 141 .

Fig. 21 is a sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 21 , the elastic element 142 includes a spring-supported upper housing 1421 , a spring-supported lower housing 1422 , a rubber spring 1423 and a plurality of limiting rubber rings 1424 .

The spring support upper casing 1421 is made of metal material and is in the shape of a circular cover. Its top inner surface has a circular embedding groove 14211, and the shape and size of the embedding groove 14211 match the upper end of the rubber spring 1423.

The spring support lower housing 1422 is also made of metal material and is in the shape of a circular cover, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the spring support upper housing 1421, so the two can be fitted together, and the spring support upper housing 1421 is covered on The spring supports the outside of the lower housing 1422 to form a cladding structure. The inner diameter of the spring support lower housing 1422 matches the rubber spring 1423 . In addition, the outer periphery of the spring-supported lower housing 1422 has two ring-shaped rubber ring installation grooves 14221 for fitting and installing the limit rubber ring 1424; the middle part of the bottom surface of the spring-supported lower housing 1422 has a circular limit column The installation groove 14222 is used for installing the limit post 144 .

The structure of the rubber spring 1423 is the same as that in the first embodiment. The rubber spring 1423 is arranged inside the cladding structure formed by fitting the spring support upper shell 1421 and the spring support lower shell 1422 . The upper end of the rubber spring 1423 is embedded in the embedding groove 14211, and is fixed by bonding; the lower end of the rubber spring 1423 is embedded in the spring support lower housing 1422, and is also fixed by bonding.

The two stopper rubber rings 1424 are fitted respectively in the two ring rubber ring installation grooves 14221 of the spring support lower housing 1422, and the stopper rubber rings 1424 protrude outward from the rubber ring installation grooves 14221, and the stopper rubber rings 1424 protrude from the rubber ring installation grooves 14221. The protruding part abuts against the inner surface of the spring-supported upper housing 1421, thereby forming a lateral limit on the upper and lower housings.

The height-adjusting washer 143 is used for adjusting the mounting height of the elastic element 142, thereby adjusting the height of various places on the upper surface of the track bed plate 110. The height-adjusting washer 143 is a circular metal piece whose diameter is basically the same as that of the elastic element 142 . The middle part of the height-adjusting spacer 143 is provided with a circular relief hole, which is used for the spacer post 144 to pass through during installation. The height-adjusting spacer 143 has various rules, has different thicknesses respectively, and its thickness is 2mm～25mm. According to actual needs, each vibration isolator can be provided with one or more height-adjusting pads 143.

The structure of the limit post 144 is the same as that in the third embodiment.

Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the buried type vibration isolator in this embodiment, which shows the state in which the buried type vibration isolator 140 is installed.

As shown in Figure 22, after the installation is completed, the mounting seat 141 is embedded in the lower part of the curved plate body 110 to form a circular mounting groove opening downward, and the upper end of the elastic element 142 (ie, the spring support upper shell 1421) is installed on the mounting seat In 141 , the lower end (that is, the spring-supported lower housing 1422 ) is placed on the base 200 , and is laterally limited by the limiting post 144 .

During track construction, the installation process of the buried vibration isolator 140 specifically includes the following steps:

Step S3 - 1 , drive the limiting post 144 into the predetermined position of the vibration isolator on the base 200 .

Step S3-2, placing the corresponding height-adjusting spacers 143 and elastic elements 142 in sequence on the base 200 at predetermined positions of the vibration isolators.

In step S3-3, place the prefabricated curved panel body 110 on the base 200 by means of a hoisting device, and align each mounting seat 141 embedded under the curved panel body 110 with each elastic element 142 respectively.

After being aligned and put down, the upper end of each elastic element 142 is embedded in the corresponding mounting seat 141, and the curved plate body 110 enters into a spring support state.

Step S3-4a, according to the detection result of step S3-4, it is judged whether there is a loose phenomenon, if it is judged to be yes, it will enter step S3-5, if it is judged to be no, it will enter the end state.

Step S3-5, lift the curved plate body 110 again by the hoisting equipment, and replace the height-adjusting spacer 143 under the unstressed elastic element 142 according to the force detection result, and then return to step S3-4.

All elastic elements 142 should be fully stressed. If some elastic elements 142 are found to be loose and unstressed, the curved plate body 110 will be lifted again, and the required height-adjusting spacers will be recalculated according to the force detection results. 143 thickness and quantity, and correspondingly replace the height-adjusting gasket 143, and then return to step S3-4 to re-test the force, and repeat this process until all the elastic elements 142 are fully stressed, so as to ensure the rail vibration reduction effect and safe operation.

In this embodiment, other structures and working principles are the same as those in Embodiment 2, and will not be described again.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the damping system for the ballast bed provided in this embodiment, the ballast bed plate 110, the ballast bed 100 and the track system 10, a plurality of buried vibration isolators 140 are used to form a floating plate form, so the same vibration reduction as in the second embodiment can be achieved. Noise and track correction effect.

Further, the buried type vibration isolator 140 of this embodiment only includes the embedded mounting base 141, the elastic element 142, the height adjustment spacer 143 and the limit post 144, so the structure is simplified, the installation is convenient, and the construction time of the track can be greatly reduced. In the elastic element 142, the rubber spring 1423 is arranged inside the cladding structure formed by fitting the spring support upper shell 1421 and the spring support lower shell 1422, so the lateral and longitudinal deformation of the rubber spring 1423 is reasonably restricted by the cladding structure , and avoid the impact of external sundries, dust, etc. on the rubber spring 1423, so it is beneficial to maintain the ideal rigidity of the rubber spring 1423, ensure its vibration damping effect, and increase its service life.

In addition, the buried vibration isolator 140 is arranged under the plate body 111, and the structure of the vibration isolator cannot be seen from above the plate body 111. Therefore, the ballast bed plate 110 of this embodiment also has the advantages of beautiful appearance and good integrity. At the same time, because the buried type vibration isolator 140 is only arranged under the plate body 111, the buried type vibration isolator 140 can be arranged directly under the rail 300 to achieve a better vibration reduction effect.

<Embodiment 5>

This embodiment provides a damping system for a ballast bed, a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed, and a track system. Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that the ballast bed vibration damper of this embodiment is a superposition type vibration isolator, and its structure is similar to that of the second embodiment. The open type vibration isolator of the second embodiment is different.

Fig. 23 is an exploded view of the structure of the superposition type vibration isolator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 23 , the stacked type vibration isolator 150 includes an outer sleeve 151 , a locking washer 152 , a height-adjusting washer 153 and an elastic element 154 .

The outer sleeve 151 is made of metal material, and is a through-type circular cylindrical structure as a whole. The overall height (that is, the length of the outer sleeve 151) is consistent with the thickness of the curved plate body 110, so the openings at both ends of the outer sleeve are respectively from the curved shape. Both sides of the plate body 110 are exposed. The inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has two sets of protrusions 1511 in the sleeve, each set contains three, and the three in one set are distributed at the same height inside the sleeve and evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 151 . And the two groups of protrusions 1511 in the cylinder are respectively aligned along the vertical direction. That is, on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 , there are two rings of stepped structures, wherein the upper one is the lifting step 1512 , and the lower one is the supporting step 1513 .

In addition, the outer sleeve 151 is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the slab 111 when the concrete slab 111 is cast. For this reason, two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are arranged outside the outer sleeve 151. The two pairs of fixing pins 1514 is arranged at different heights on the outer sleeve 151, and the extension directions are perpendicular to each other, that is, arranged in a cross, for binding and fixing in the reinforced concrete slab; the lower end of the outer sleeve 151 has a circle of outwardly protruding flanges 1515 , forming a skirt structure, which is used to increase the adhesion and bearing capacity of the embedded outer sleeve.

The structures of the locking washer 152 and the height-adjusting washer 153 are the same as those in the second embodiment.

Fig. 24 is an exploded view of the structure of the elastic element in this embodiment.

Fig. 25 is a sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 24-25 , the elastic element 154 includes a support cylinder 1541 , a support base 1542 , two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543 , a spring connection component 1544 and a spring limit component 1545 . The support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 respectively provide support for the stacked rubber springs 1543 from top to bottom, the spring connection component 1544 is used to connect the two rubber springs 1543 into a whole, and the spring limit component 1545 is used to form the two rubber springs 153 The two ends of the whole body are respectively fixed in the support tube 1541 and the support base 1542 .

Fig. 26 is a three-dimensional structural view of the support cylinder in this embodiment;

Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the support cylinder in this embodiment.

As shown in Figures 26-27, the supporting cylinder 1541 is made of metal material, and is used to provide support for the upper end of the superimposed rubber spring 153. The support cylinder 1541 is a semi-closed structure, including a plate-shaped top 15411 , a first cylindrical portion 15412 , an inner support plate 15413 and a second cylindrical portion 15414 .

The outer contour shape of the plate top 15411 is consistent with the height-adjusting spacer 153, and its thickness is thicker than the height-adjusting spacer 153. There is a circular top relief groove 15411a in the middle of the plate-shaped top 15411, which is used to make way for installation tools during installation. There are three top installation holes 15411b distributed around the top relief groove 15411a, and their position distribution corresponds to height adjustment. The ends of the three first installation grooves 1523 of the spacer 153 are also used for the insertion of installation tools during installation.

Similarly, during installation, the three installation holes on the top of the support cylinder 1541 , the installation grooves of the locking washer 152 and the height adjustment washer 153 can form three connecting member installation holes penetrating in the vertical direction.

Both the first cylindrical part 15412 and the second cylindrical part 15414 are circular and have the same diameter. The difference is that the length of the first cylindrical part 15412 is fixed, while the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 can be adjusted according to the rubber spring. The size and quantity of 1543 are adjusted, and the length of the second cylindrical part 15414 should be such that when none of the rubber springs 1543 is stressed (when the overall height of the plurality of rubber springs 1543 is the largest), the second cylindrical part 15414 and the support base 1542 are still embedded. combine. In addition, a plurality of pin holes 15414a are opened above the second cylindrical portion 15414 for setting corresponding components in the spring limiting assembly 1545. In this embodiment, there are four pin holes 15414a, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cylindrical portion 15414.

The inner support plate 15413 is a circular metal plate, welded between the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 , and has the same diameter as the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 . The inner support plate 15413 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 form a downward circular opening for installing the rubber spring 1543 .

Fig. 28 is a perspective view of the supporting base in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 28 , the support base 1542 is used to support and limit the lower end of the superimposed rubber spring 153 . The support base 1542 is also made of metal material and is in the shape of a circular cover with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 15414 , so it can be slidably fitted in the second cylindrical portion 15414 .

On the inner wall of the support base 1542, there is a circle of limiter installation groove 15421 and a square relief groove 15422. The limiter installation groove 15421 is used to install the corresponding parts in the spring limit assembly 1545, and the square relief groove 15422 is used for The corresponding structures in the spring limit assembly 1545 give way.

The structures of the two rubber springs 1543 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Two rubber springs 1543 are stacked vertically, and are connected as a whole by spring connection assembly 1544. The whole formed by the two rubber springs 1543 is arranged inside the cladding structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542.

Fig. 29 is a three-dimensional structural view of the spring connector in this embodiment.

Fig. 30 is a sectional view of the spring connector in this embodiment.

Fig. 31 is an enlarged view of a portion inside frame A in Fig. 24 .

As shown in FIGS. 24 , 29-31 , the spring connection assembly 1544 includes a spring connection part 15441 , a plurality of connection part fixing pieces 15442 and a plurality of fixing parts 15443 .

The spring connector 15441 is an integrally formed piece made of metal, and has a ring-shaped peripheral portion 54411 and a circular disk body 54412 formed in the circle of the peripheral portion 54411. Both sides of the peripheral portion 54411 extend vertically from both sides of the disk body 54412. out, and the inner diameter of the peripheral portion 54411 matches the diameter of the rubber spring 1543 . The section of the spring connector 15441 is H-shaped. Therefore, on both surfaces of the disk body 54412 , a pair of circular fitting grooves 54413 for fitting the ends of the rubber spring 1543 are formed on the peripheral portion 54411 and the disk body 54412 . A pair of fitting grooves 54413 are arranged opposite to each other, and the openings are respectively facing two sides.

There are four square mounting grooves 54411a on the peripheral portion 54411, and the bottom of the mounting grooves 54411a has a mounting hole 54411b for fitting and installing the mounting plate 15442 of the connector and setting the mounting plate 15443. Four fixed piece installation slots 54411a are evenly distributed along the circumference. In addition, there is a circular positioning column installation hole 54412a in the middle of the disc body 54412 for installing the positioning column.

The connector fixing piece 15442 is a "匚"-shaped metal piece, and the middle part is opened with a through connector installation hole. The connector fixing piece 15442 is fitted and installed in the fixing piece installation groove 54411a, and is fixed by the fixing piece 15443. In this embodiment Among them, the fixing member 15443 is a screw. The two ends of the connector fixing piece 15442 respectively extend toward the two fitting grooves 54413 to form a hook structure.

As shown in Figure 25, the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 fits into the circular fitting groove 54413 above the spring connector 15441, and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543 fits into the circular fitting below the spring connector 15441. slot 54413, and is fixed by four connector fixing pieces 15442 and four fixing pieces 15443. The connector fixing piece 15442 and the spring connector 15441 form a hook structure, which buckles the end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby connecting the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 into an integral elastic structure.

After being connected into one body, the two ends of the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limiting component 1545 .

As shown in FIG. 24 , the spring limiting assembly 1545 includes a pair of top limiting members 15451 , a bottom limiting member 15452 , a plurality of limiting pins 15453 and a plurality of positioning columns 15454 . The number of the positioning posts 15454 is set according to the number of the rubber springs 1543, which are two in this embodiment.

Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in this embodiment.

As shown in Figures 24 and 32, the top stopper 15451 is used to fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring 1543 in the support cylinder 1541. The top stopper 15451 is an arc-shaped metal piece with an L-shaped cross-section, so after installation, it can not only hold the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 laterally, but also buckle the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 .

A plurality of limiting pins 15453 respectively pass through a plurality of pin holes 15414a on the second cylindrical portion 15414, and press the pair of top limiting members 15451 toward the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 from multiple directions, so that they are securely buckled. Close the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

The bottom limiter 15452 is a snap spring, which fits in the limiter installation groove 15421 of the support base 1542, and protrudes outward from the groove, and is used to engage the lower end of the bottom rubber spring 1543 on the support base Within 1542.

In addition, as shown in Figure 25, after the spring connection assembly 1544 is installed, the diameter at the connection position of the two rubber springs 1543 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the support cylinder 1511, so during the elastic vibration damping process, the two rubber springs 1543 The ends are well limited, so that the overall elastic structure formed by the plurality of rubber springs 1543 remains stable during the expansion and contraction process.

As shown in Figure 25, the positioning column 15454 is made up of two cylindrical sections, and the diameter of one of the cylindrical sections is larger, so a circle of stepped structures is formed in the middle of the positioning column 15454. During installation, the smaller-diameter cylindrical section of the positioning post 15454 is embedded in the positioning post installation groove 15413a of the internal support plate 15413, and the larger-diameter cylindrical section is embedded in the positioning post slot 15431 at the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby the rubber spring 1543 The horizontal limit is carried out, and the setting of the middle step structure makes it difficult to fall out.

In addition, the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled as a whole, and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction.

In this embodiment, the elastic element 154 includes two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543. In fact, the elastic element 154 may also include more vertically stacked rubber springs 1543. Between two adjacent rubber springs 1543, the above-mentioned The spring connection assembly 1544 can be connected.

The process of installing the stacked vibration isolator 150 is basically the same as that of the third embodiment, so the description will not be repeated.

In this embodiment, other structures and working principles are the same as those in Embodiment 2, and will not be described again.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the damping system for the ballast bed provided in this embodiment, the ballast bed plate 110, the ballast bed 100 and the track system 10, a plurality of stacked vibration isolators 150 are used to form a floating plate form, so the same vibration reduction as in the second embodiment can be achieved. noise effect.

Further, the elastic element 154 of the stacked type vibration isolator 150 includes a plurality of vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, which are connected as a whole through the spring connection assembly 1544, and the uppermost rubber spring 1543 and the lowermost rubber spring 1543 pass through the spring The limiting assembly 1545 is respectively fixed in the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 to form an integral elastic element 154 . The elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled, and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction, so it is convenient for installation and maintenance, and can greatly reduce the time of track construction.

Since the elastic element 154 includes a plurality of vertically stacked rubber springs 1543 , its stiffness can be adjusted in a large range, and the overall height of the stacked vibration isolator 150 can be adjusted in a large range. In the case of including two superimposed rubber springs 1543, its overall rigidity is 1/2 of that of a single rubber spring 1543; And so on. And even if the material formula and manufacturing process are adjusted, the stiffness of a single rubber spring 1543 is also difficult to reach such a range of values. Therefore, compared with the single rubber spring 1543, the elastic element 154 of this embodiment has a greater range of stiffness, and can be well adapted to Various working conditions.

<Example 6>

This embodiment provides a damping system for a ballast bed, a ballast bed plate, a ballast bed, and a track system. Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that the ballast bed damper of this embodiment is a steel spring vibration isolator, and its structure is similar to that of the second embodiment. The open type vibration isolator of the second embodiment is different.

Fig. 33 is a sectional view of the steel spring vibration isolator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 33 , the steel spring vibration isolator 160 includes an outer sleeve 161 , a locking washer 162 , a height-adjusting washer 163 , an elastic element 164 , a protective cover 165 and a broken spring indicator 166 .

The structures of the outer sleeve 161, the locking washer 162, and the height-adjusting washer 163 are all the same as those in the fifth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 33 , the elastic element 164 includes a support cylinder 1641 , a support base 1642 , a pair of spring end stoppers 1643 , a first steel spring 1644 and a second steel spring 1645 .

Wherein, the structures of the support cylinder 1641 and the support base 1642 are the same as those in the fourth embodiment. The support cylinder 1641 and the support base 1642 are also the spring casings for accommodating the steel springs.

A pair of spring end stoppers 1643 are respectively arranged on the middle part of the inner top surface of the support cylinder 1641 and the middle part of the inner bottom surface of the support base 1642 . The cross-section of the spring end stopper 1643 is roughly T-shaped, it has a first cylindrical section 16431 and a second cylindrical section 16432, and the diameter of the second cylindrical section 16432 is smaller than the first cylindrical section 16431, from the first cylindrical section 16431 The middle of the end face extends out. Therefore, the ring-shaped end of the second steel spring 1645 can be sleeved on the second cylindrical section 16432 and abut against the first cylindrical section 16431 , thereby limiting both ends of the second steel spring 1645 . In addition, a cylindrical protrusion is formed on the other side of the first cylindrical section 16431, and the cylindrical protrusion of the upper spring end limiter 1643 is fitted and fixed in the limiter slot on the inner top surface of the support cylinder 1641. The cylindrical protrusion of the lower spring end stopper 1643 is fitted and fixed in the circular installation hole on the inner bottom surface of the support base 1642 .

Both the first steel spring 1644 and the second steel spring 1645 are disposed inside the covering space formed by the fitting of the supporting cylinder 1641 and the supporting base 1642 . Wherein, the overall diameter of the first steel spring 1644 is larger than that of the second steel spring 1645, and the overall diameter of the first steel spring 1644 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support base 1642, and its two ends are embedded in the support tube 1641 and the support base 1642 respectively. The second steel spring 1645 is sleeved in the first steel spring 1644 .

The first steel spring 1644 and the second steel spring 1645 are all wound by steel bars, wherein the diameter of the steel bars of the first steel spring 1644 is greater than the steel bars of the second steel spring 1645, and the steel bars of the second steel spring 1645 are wound around Make more circles.

Protective cover plate 165 is a metal plate-like part, and its outer contour shape matches the shape of the upper end surface of outer sleeve 161, and is used to seal the upper end opening of outer sleeve 161 after the vibration isolator is installed, to avoid dust, miscellaneous Objects enter from the upper opening. Protective cover plate 165 middle part offers the circular relief hole.

The structure of the limit post 167 is the same as that in the third embodiment.

Fig. 34 is a three-dimensional structural view of the break spring indicator in this embodiment.

Fig. 35 is an exploded view of the structure of the break spring indicator in this embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 34-35 , the broken spring indicator 166 includes an indicator fixing plate 1661 , an indicator rod mount 1662 , a magnet 1663 , a fastening nut 1664 , a broken spring indicator rod 1665 and a reflective indicator sticker 1666 .

The indicator fixing plate 1661 is a triangular plate-shaped piece made of metal, and three fixing plate mounting holes 16611 are respectively provided near the three ends of the triangle. The distribution of the three installation holes and the installation grooves of the gasket 163 are consistent, therefore, the indicator fixing plate 1661 is arranged above the lock washer 162, and the bolts and nuts, the lock washer 162, and the height-adjusting washer can also be used. 163 and the elastic element 164 are fastened together.

The material of the indicator rod mounting base 1662 is consistent with the indicator fixed plate 1661, and it is cylindrical as a whole, with an indicator rod mounting hole 16621 in the middle, and the indicating rod mounting hole 16621 has an internal thread.

The magnet piece 1663 is a powerful magnet capable of being adsorbed to the metal material of the indicator fixing plate 1661 , and is cylindrical in shape, and absorbs and fixes the indicator rod mounting base 1662 on the indicator fixing plate 1661 .

The broken spring indicator rod 1665 is a cylindrical metal rod, and one end has an external thread (not shown in the figure), and this end is screwed in the indicator rod mounting hole 16621 of the indicator rod mounting seat 1662, and is locked by a fastening nut 1664. tight; the other end is pasted with a reflective indicator sticker 1666, which is also the indication end of the whole broken spring indicator 166. In addition, in this embodiment, the central portion of the protective cover 165 has a circular relief hole for allowing the end of the broken spring indicating rod 1665 with the reflective indicating sticker 1666 to pass through. The length of the broken spring indicating rod 1665 is slightly greater than the distance from the bottom surface of the indicating rod mounting hole 16621 to the top surface of the protective cover 165. After the installation is completed, the end with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is exposed from the protective cover 165 top.

What Fig. 33 shows is when two steel springs are all in normal state, the overall state diagram of the vibration isolator, at this moment reflective indicator sticker 1666 is exposed from the top of protective cover 165, maintenance workers can observe reflective indicator sticker 1666, know that the steel The state of the spring.

And when two steel springs have a broken spring situation (one or both of them are broken), the overall height of the elastic element 164 will shrink, driving the broken spring indicator 166 placed thereon to descend, and now the broken spring One end of the indicator rod 1665 that is pasted with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is lower than the upper surface of the protective cover plate 165, and maintenance workers cannot observe the reflective indicator sticker 1666, so they can know that the steel spring has a broken spring situation and carry out maintenance.

In addition, the broken spring indicator 166 can be assembled in advance, installed in the state shown in Figure 34, and assembled as a whole when the vibration isolator is installed.

In this embodiment, other structures and working principles are the same as those in Embodiment 3, and will not be described again.

The installation process of the steel spring vibration isolator 160 of this embodiment is basically the same as the installation process of the second embodiment, the difference is that since the broken spring indicator 166 is also installed, in step S2-6, put in the locking After the washer 162, do not install the connecting piece earlier; between step S2-6 and step S2-7, also include: step S2-6a, put into broken spring indicator 166 and rotate, make it with locking washer, adjusting High spacers and the like form a plurality of connecting member installation holes through; and step S2-6b, connect the broken spring indicator 166, the locking washer 162, the height adjusting spacer 163 and the elastic element 164 together through the connecting parts. In addition, in step S2-7, when being arranged on the protective cover plate 165, make one end of the broken spring indicating rod 1665 pasted with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 pass through the hole in the middle part of the protective cover plate 165.

Other installation procedures are the same as those in Embodiment 3, so the description will not be repeated.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the damping system for the ballast bed provided in this embodiment, the ballast bed plate 110, the ballast bed 100 and the track system 10, a plurality of steel spring vibration isolators 160 are used to form a floating plate form, so the same vibration reduction as in the second embodiment can be achieved. noise effect.

Further, the elastic element 164 includes two steel springs with different diameters and a nested structure arranged in the spring housing, so when one of them breaks and fails, the other steel spring can still play a certain supporting role, providing a certain system redundancy. In addition, the safety of the track is improved; this setting also increases flexibility, for example, one of the steel springs can be used as a standard part with fixed stiffness, and the other steel spring can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that it can be more convenient and quick The overall stiffness of the elastic element 164 is adjusted.

In addition, the steel spring vibration isolator 160 also includes a broken spring indicator 166 arranged above the elastic element 164, which indicates the status of the two steel springs through a broken spring indicator rod 1665 with a reflective indicator sticker 1666 on one end. In a normal state, the reflective indicator sticker 1666 can be observed from the outside; when one or both of the two springs breaks and fails, the overall height of the elastic element 164 shrinks, driving the broken spring indicator rod 1665 on it When it is lowered, the reflective indicator sticker 1666 cannot be observed from the outside at this time, so that the state of the two steel springs can be visually indicated, which is convenient for maintenance workers to observe and timely repair and replace. In addition, existing broken spring indicators include pointer type, electronic trigger type, etc., and their structural complexity and cost are higher than the solution of this embodiment. The broken spring indicator 166 of this embodiment is simple, effective and low in cost. The number of vibration isolators used as a whole is large, so the use of the broken spring indicator 166 of this embodiment can save a lot of cost while ensuring the detection effect.

Further, the broken spring indicating rod 1665 is installed on the indicating rod mounting base 1662, and the indicating rod mounting base 1662 is adsorbed and fixed on the indicator fixing plate 1661 through the magnet piece 1663. Since the steel spring vibration isolator 160 has a certain lateral position during installation. If the mounting hole is directly set on the indicator fixing plate 1661, the position of the broken spring indicating rod 1665 is difficult to completely align with the relief hole of the top protective cover plate 165. And adopt magnet piece 1663, just can easily adjust the installation position of broken spring indicating rod 1665 by moving magnet piece 1663, adjusting its adsorption position, guarantee that reflective indicator sticker 1666 is exposed suitably, is convenient to construction.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of description of the above-mentioned embodiments.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, according to the block size of the ballast bed slab 110, one ballast bed resonator 180, one ballast bed vibration damping pad 190 or 3 to 5 vibration isolators are arranged on each ballast bed slab 110. In the alternative According to the block size of the ballast bed board, different numbers of ballast bed resonators 180, ballast bed vibration damping pads 190 or vibration isolators can also be set.

Claims (10)

1. A damping system for a ballast bed, which is arranged on the body of the ballast bed slab, is characterized in that it comprises: at least one ballast bed damper comprising elastic units for vibration absorption; and at least one track bed resonator, each said resonator comprising: At least one resonant plate is arranged on the upper surface of the plate body; and The vibration damping layer is arranged between the resonant plate and the plate body. 2. The damping system for ballast bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the ballast bed damper is an open type vibration isolator, the number is plural, The elastic unit is a rubber spring, The open type vibration isolator also includes: The outer sleeve is pre-embedded in the plate body, and the rubber spring is arranged under the outer sleeve; a spring support plate, arranged above the rubber spring; an elevation spacer disposed above said spring support plate; and The locking washer is arranged above the height-adjusting washer, is embedded in the outer sleeve, and is connected with the height-adjusting washer and the spring support plate through a connecting piece. 3. The damping system for ballast bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the ballast bed vibration absorber is a regulation type vibration isolator, the number is plural, The elastic unit includes an upper casing for regulation, a lower casing for regulation, and a rubber spring arranged inside a cladding structure formed by fitting the upper casing for regulation and the lower casing for regulation, The regulatory type vibration isolator also includes: The outer sleeve is pre-embedded in the plate body, and the elastic element is arranged under the outer sleeve; an elevation spacer disposed above the elastic element; and The locking washer is arranged above the height-adjusting washer, embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected with the height-adjusting washer and the elastic element through a connecting piece. 4. The damping system for ballast bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the ballast bed vibration absorber is a buried type vibration isolator, the number is plural, The elastic unit includes a spring-supported upper shell, a spring-supported lower shell, and a rubber spring disposed inside a cladding structure formed by fitting the spring-supported upper shell and the spring-supported lower shell, The buried type vibration isolator also includes: The mounting seat is pre-buried under the board, and the upper end of the elastic element is embedded in the mounting seat; an elevation spacer disposed between the resilient member and the base; and One end of the limiting column is embedded in the installation groove of the limiting column, and the other end is driven into the base for fixing. 5. The damping system for ballast bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the ballast bed damper is a stacked type vibration isolator, the number is plural, The elastic unit includes a support cylinder, a support base, at least two rubber springs arranged inside the covering structure formed by fitting the support cylinder and the support base, and several spring connection components, A plurality of the rubber springs are vertically stacked, and the spring connection assembly is arranged between two adjacent rubber springs to connect the plurality of rubber springs into one body, The superposition type vibration isolator also includes: The outer sleeve is pre-embedded in the plate body, and the elastic element is arranged under the outer sleeve; an elevation spacer disposed above the elastic element; and The locking washer is arranged above the height-adjusting washer, embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected with the height-adjusting washer and the elastic element through a connecting piece. 6. The damping system for ballast bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the ballast bed damper is a steel spring vibration isolator, the number is plural, The elastic unit includes a support cylinder, a support base, and a first steel spring and a second steel spring arranged inside the covering structure formed by fitting the support cylinder and the support base, The steel spring vibration isolator also includes: The outer sleeve is pre-embedded in the plate body, and the elastic element is arranged under the outer sleeve; an elevation spacer disposed above the elastic element; and The locking washer is arranged above the height-adjusting washer, embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected with the height-adjusting washer and the elastic element through a connecting piece. 7. The damping system for ballast bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the ballast bed damper is a ballast bed damping pad made of rubber, which is arranged between the ballast bed plate and the base, The ballast bed vibration damping pad includes: backer body; and A plurality of vibration-damping bosses are distributed on one surface of the main body of the backing plate and integrally formed with the main body of the backing plate, Wherein, the vibration-damping bosses are conical, cylindrical or ribbed. 8. A road bed board, characterized in that it comprises: board body; and The damping system for the ballast bed is arranged on the board body, Wherein, the vibration damping system for the ballast bed is the vibration damping system for the ballast bed according to any one of claims 1-7. 9. A track bed, characterized in that it comprises: A plurality of road bed slabs are arranged end to end on the base in sequence, Wherein, the ballast bed board is the ballast bed board according to claim 8 . 10. A track system, characterized in that, comprising: base; a track bed disposed on the base; and rails, loaded on said ballast bed, Wherein, the ballast bed is the ballast bed according to claim 9 .