CN116514447B - Gemini surface active foam stabilizer for lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gemini surface active foam stabilizer for lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116514447B CN116514447B CN202310803737.6A CN202310803737A CN116514447B CN 116514447 B CN116514447 B CN 116514447B CN 202310803737 A CN202310803737 A CN 202310803737A CN 116514447 B CN116514447 B CN 116514447B
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- foam
- surfactant
- foam stabilizer
- stirring
- foaming
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 alkyl betaine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDLXTDLGTWNUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OCCO BDLXTDLGTWNUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 86
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 65
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 48
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 38
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyldodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940040526 anhydrous sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940031728 cocamidopropylamine oxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960004670 didecyldimethylammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006539 C12 alkyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzododecinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JIRRCDHYZKXCOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyl-n-methylheptadecan-9-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC JIRRCDHYZKXCOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BLFRQYKZFKYQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCCCO BLFRQYKZFKYQLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150101199 CHSB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical group [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZXKINMCYCKHYFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminooxidanide Chemical compound [O-]N ZXKINMCYCKHYFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/48—Foam stabilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gemini surface active foam stabilizer for light concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of concrete assistants. The foam stabilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% -45% of sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant, 0.1% -1.0% of thickener, 0.5% -4% of cationic surfactant, 5% -25% of amphoteric surfactant, 5% -20% of reinforcing agent and the balance of water. The sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant disclosed by the invention has good foamability and foam stabilizing performance in pure water, seawater, brine and high-mine hard water, can not generate a coacervation effect on silicate in concrete slurry, and improves the strength and bearing capacity of foam concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete assistants, in particular to a gemini surface active foam stabilizer for light concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lightweight concrete is also known as foam concrete. The most remarkable characteristic is that closed air holes are formed in the concrete, so that the concrete has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation and fire resistance while the density is reduced. The preparation process of the lightweight concrete comprises the steps of pumping foaming agent aqueous solution and compressed air into foaming equipment to prepare foam, then uniformly fusing the foam and concrete slurry under the mixing action of mechanical stirring or turbulence in a pipeline by the foam and the concrete slurry which are uniformly stirred in advance, and uniformly wrapping concrete particles in a liquid film on the surface of the foam to form the lightweight concrete mixture.
The light concrete mixture is required to wait for a certain time to form a light concrete finished product with a uniform porous structure and a certain strength, and the concrete slurry is solidified and molded, and the wrapping foam in the concrete slurry has good stability in the time, otherwise, too much broken foam can cause the flowing and migration of the concrete slurry, and finally, the porous structure inside the light concrete is unevenly distributed, and the local risk of low bearing strength and easy cracking exists. Therefore, a key factor limiting lightweight concrete is the foam stability generated by the foaming agent.
In order to stabilize foam, foam stabilizers are widely used as an aid in the foaming of concrete. The existing foam stabilizer mainly comprises the following components: high molecular polymers such as polyacrylamides, higher alcohols, and hydroxyamide surfactants. However, the foam stabilizer generally has a foam stabilizing effect on the anionic foaming agent, and has the advantages that the use amount is large, the foam stabilizing effect in water with higher hardness is not obvious, the hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure of the foam stabilizer can have a certain coagulation effect on silicate in concrete slurry, and the strength and the bearing capacity of light concrete can be reduced when the foam stabilizer is used in a large amount.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the gemini surface active foam stabilizer for the lightweight concrete, which improves the foam stability of the foaming agent, is suitable for water with higher hardness, has small dosage, can not produce condensation effect on silicate in the concrete, and improves the bearing capacity of the foam concrete.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the gemini surface active foam stabilizer for the lightweight concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% -45% of sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant, 0.1% -1.0% of thickener, 0.5% -4% of cationic surfactant, 5% -25% of amphoteric surfactant, 5% -20% of reinforcing agent and the balance of water.
Further, the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant has the following chemical structure:
wherein R is 2 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 2-12; r is R 1 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 6-16.
Further, the R 2 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 2-4; r is R 1 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 12-16.
Further, the cationic surfactant is one or a mixture of a long-chain alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt and a double-chain quaternary ammonium salt.
Wherein the long-chain alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt is any one of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl sulfate, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl sulfate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl sulfate and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
Wherein the double-chain quaternary ammonium salt is any one of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl sulfate, dioctyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl sulfate.
Preferably, the cationic surfactant is any one of dodecyl trimethyl sulfate, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
Further, the amphoteric surfactant is one or a mixture of more of alkyl betaine, amidopropyl betaine, hydroxysulfobetaine or amine oxide with a carbon chain length of 12-16.
Preferably, the zwitterionic surfactant is any one of cocamidopropyl amine oxide, dodecyl betaine and cocamidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine.
Further, the thickener is one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, homo-polyacrylamide and xanthan gum.
Further, the reinforcing agent is one or a mixture of more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol tertiary butyl ether and diethylene glycol butyl ether.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the gemini surface active foam stabilizer for the lightweight concrete, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the reinforcing agent into the stirring reaction kettle, stirring at a speed of 20-40r/min, slowly adding the thickening agent into the stirring reaction kettle under the stirring condition, and stirring until the thickening agent is uniformly dispersed;
(2) Adding 80% of water into a stirring reaction kettle, stirring for 1-2h at a rotating speed of 60r/min, sequentially adding a sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant, and stirring until the materials are uniform;
(3) Slowly adding the cationic surfactant into the stirring reaction kettle, and continuously stirring for 30-60min; adding the rest 20% of water, and stirring to obtain the foam stabilizer.
The gemini surface active foam stabilizer for light concrete and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
(1) The foam stabilizer disclosed by the invention adopts a novel sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant as a main foam stabilizer, and the gemini surfactant is compounded with a cationic surfactant with positive charges to form a double-electron structure due to ester groups and amide groups, and the lipophilic and hydrophilic properties of the reinforcing agent are improved greatly, so that the arrangement distribution and dispersion properties of foaming agent molecules in the zwitterionic foaming agent and the bio-based foaming agent can be improved greatly, the stretching state, aggregation state and rheological property of the foaming agent molecules in a liquid film can be adjusted, the liquid film strength and water retention capacity of the foam can be increased, and the stability of the foam can be improved finally.
(2) After the novel sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant is mixed with the amphoteric surfactant, the foam stability of the anionic foaming agent and the biological foaming agent can be improved. The amphoteric ion can show different performances in solution systems with different pH values, and the co-existence of anions and cations can increase the electrostatic effect among molecules of the anionic foaming agent, so that the strength of a foam liquid film is increased, the liquid separation speed is reduced, and the stability of foam is improved; the bioaffinity of the zwitterionic surfactant may act better synergistically with the blowing agent molecules in the bio-based blowing agent, thereby increasing the stability of the bio-based foam.
(3) The novel sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant disclosed by the invention has good foamability and foam stabilizing performance in seawater, brine and high-mine hard water, can not generate a coacervation effect on silicate in concrete slurry, and improves the strength and bearing capacity of foam concrete.
(4) The foam stabilizer disclosed by the invention comprises the components of surfactant raw materials, and the cost is far lower than that of the conventional silicone polyether and modified nano silicon dioxide particles; meanwhile, the novel sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant added in the foam stabilizer has good foaming and foam stabilizing properties, so that a good foam stabilizing effect can be achieved with a small use amount, and in the conventional foaming of the light concrete, the use amount is 1.0% of the original foaming agent solution, the foaming solution is 0.3% of the original foaming agent solution, and the economic applicability is stronger.
Detailed Description
In order that the manner in which the invention may be better understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The gemini surface active foam stabilizer for the lightweight concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% -45% of sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant, 0.1% -1.0% of thickener, 0.5% -4% of cationic surfactant, 5% -25% of amphoteric surfactant, 5% -20% of reinforcing agent and the balance of water.
The sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant has the following chemical structure:
wherein R is 2 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 2-12; r is R 1 Is an alkane with a carbon chain length of 6-16A base.
Preferably, R 2 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 2-4; r is R 1 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 12-16.
The preparation method of the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant comprises the following steps of:
(1) carrying out amidation esterification on raw material C2-C4 alkanolamine and maleic anhydride for 2 hours at 60-100 ℃ in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate as a catalyst and a solvent to obtain an intermediate;
(2) adding C12-C16 fatty alcohol and a solid acid catalyst into the intermediate, and performing double esterification reaction at the temperature of 120-180 ℃ to obtain the gemini maleic acid diester;
(3) sodium bisulfate serving as a sulfonating agent and a cocatalyst are added into the gemini maleic acid diester in the presence of water, and sulfonation is carried out for 6 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the sulfonate gemini surfactant.
The alkyl alcohol amine of C2-C4 in the step (1) is any one of ethanolamine, propanolamine and butanolamine; the molar ratio of the alkyl alcohol amine of C2-C4 to the maleic anhydride is 1:2.0-2.5. The molar ratio of C2-C4 alkanolamine to maleic anhydride in this example is preferably 1:2.1
The addition amount of the anhydrous sodium acetate serving as the catalyst in the step (1) is 0.5-1% of the mass sum of the C2-C4 alkanolamine and the maleic anhydride. The amount of anhydrous sodium acetate added to the catalyst in this example is preferably 0.5% of the sum of the mass of the C2-C4 alkanolamine and maleic anhydride.
The solvent in the step (1) is cyclohexane, or n-heptane, or toluene, or xylene; toluene is preferred in this example.
The fatty alcohol of C12-C16 in the step (2) is any one of dodecanol, tetradecanol and hexadecanol; preferably, the alcohol is any one of dodecanol and hexadecanol; the addition amount of the fatty alcohol of C12-C16 is calculated as maleic anhydride, and the molar ratio is maleic anhydride, namely fatty alcohol=1:1; the solid acid catalyst is HND-26, and the addition amount of the solid acid catalyst is 0.5% -3% of the weight of maleic anhydride. The amount of the solid acid catalyst added in this example is preferably 2% by weight based on the maleic anhydride.
In the step (3), the sulfonating agent is sodium bisulphite, and the molar ratio of the adding amount of the sulfonating agent to maleic anhydride is as follows: maleic anhydride sodium bisulphite=1 (1-1.2), with maleic anhydride sodium bisulphite=1:1.1 being most preferred in this example.
The cocatalyst in the step (3) is a mixture of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide according to the mol ratio of 1:1; the addition amount of the cocatalyst is 0.3-0.6% of the weight of the gemini maleate diester. The amount of cocatalyst added in this example is preferably 0.5% by weight of the bis-maleate.
The water is added in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of maleic anhydride: maleic anhydride, water=1:1.2.
The cationic surfactant is one or a mixture of long-chain alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt and double-chain quaternary ammonium salt;
wherein the long-chain alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1231), dodecyl trimethyl sulfate (1231-S), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl sulfate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), hexadecyl trimethyl sulfate (1631-S) and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1227).
Wherein the double-chain quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC), didecyl dimethyl sulfate, dioctyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl sulfate.
It is further noted that the zwitterionic surfactant is one or more of alkyl Betaines (BS), amidopropyl betaines (CAB), hydroxysulfobetaines (CHSB), or Cocamidopropyl Amine Oxides (CAO) having a carbon chain length of 12-16.
The thickener is one or a mixture of a plurality of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), homo-Polyacrylamide (PAM) and xanthan gum (9270).
It should be further noted that the reinforcing agent is one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (BCS), ethylene glycol tertiary butyl Ether (ETB), diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (DGBE).
Method embodiment
The preparation method of the gemini surface active foam stabilizer for the lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding an enhancer into a stirring reaction kettle, stirring at a speed of 40r/min, slowly adding a thickener into the stirring reaction kettle under the stirring condition, and stirring until the thickener is uniformly dispersed;
(2) Adding 80% of water into a stirring reaction kettle, stirring for 1h at a rotating speed of 60r/min, sequentially adding a sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant, and stirring until the materials are uniform;
(3) Slowly adding the cationic surfactant into the stirring reaction kettle, and continuously stirring for 30min; adding the rest 20% of water, and stirring to obtain the foam stabilizer.
Table 1 shows the specific components of examples 1-16 of gemini surface active foam stabilizers for lightweight concrete, in mass percent:
TABLE 1 Table 1 Each component Allocation Table 1-16
The components of examples 1-16 were each prepared as described in the method examples to give foam stabilizers.
The foaming agent formula for the conventional lightweight concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12), 6.0% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES), 4.5% of alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate (AOS), 6.0% of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), 4% of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, 2% of triethanolamine and the balance of water.
Comparative example 1
60g of conventional lightweight concrete foaming agent formula and 1940g of municipal tap water are fully mechanically stirred for 30min to form a comparative foaming liquid 1.
Comparative example 2
A foam stabilizer, which comprises 0.5g of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 2g of dodecyl trimethyl sulfate (1231-S) serving as a cationic surfactant, 10g of Cocamidopropyl Amine Oxide (CAO) serving as a zwitterionic surfactant, 5g of Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (DGBE) serving as an enhancer and 82.5g of water; (formulation of example 3) was prepared according to the preparation method of method example.
Comparative example 3
A foam stabilizer is a commercially available silicone polyether foam stabilizer produced in the green forest chemical industry, 2g of the commercially available silicone polyether foam stabilizer is uniformly dispersed by 98g of municipal tap water to form 100g of silicone polyether suspension.
Comparative example 4
A foam stabilizer, which is a commercially available modified nano silicon dioxide particle foam stabilizer: according to the product description, 1g of a commercially available nanoparticle foam stabilizer is dispersed into 100g of modified nano-silica suspension by using 99g of municipal tap water under vigorous stirring.
Comparative example 5
A foam stabilizer, which comprises 0.5g of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serving as a thickening agent, 10g of Cocamidopropyl Amine Oxide (CAO) serving as a sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant (R1 is C12 alkyl, R2 is C2 methylene), 5g of Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (DGBE) serving as an reinforcing agent and 42.5g of water; (formulation of example 3) was prepared according to the preparation method of method example.
Comparative example 6
A foam stabilizer, which comprises 0.5g of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serving as a thickener, 2g of dodecyl trimethyl sulfate (1231-S) serving as a cationic surfactant, 5g of Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether (DGBE) serving as an enhancer and 42.5g of water, wherein R1 is C12 alkyl, and R2 is C2 methylene; (formulation of example 3) was prepared according to the preparation method of method example.
Performance testing
1. Foaming property test in tap water
The foam stabilizers obtained in examples 1-16 and comparative examples 1-6 were diluted to 100g with municipal tap water to form foam stabilizer solutions, respectively, in an amount of 0.6 g;
then 60g of a conventional foaming agent formula for lightweight concrete and 1840g of municipal tap water are respectively added into the foam stabilizer solution of the examples 1-16, and the mixture is fully and mechanically stirred for 30min to form the foaming liquid of the examples 1-16; the foam stabilizer solutions of comparative examples 2-6 were mechanically stirred sufficiently for 30min to form comparative examples 2-6.
The foam stabilizing performance testing method comprises the following steps: the above example foaming liquids 1 to 16 and comparative example foaming liquids 1 to 6 were thoroughly mixed with compressed air under a pressure of 0.2Mpa of about 30L/min by means of a constant flow pump of 1.5L/min to form a foam 1-foam 22, respectively, and then the expansion ratio and 50% liquid separation time of the produced foam were calculated from the volume and weight of the foam and the decay rate of the foam. The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 foam Properties in tap Water
As can be seen from Table 2, the foaming ratio of the foaming agent (modified nano silica) of comparative example 4 was 11.2 times, and the foaming and foam stabilizing properties of the foaming agents of examples 1 to 16 of the present invention were better than those of the conventional modified nano silica, as shown in the following examples 1 to 16, the foaming ratio of the foaming agent of comparative examples 2, 3, 5 and 6 of the foaming agent of the present invention, the foaming ratio of the foaming agent of comparative example 2, 3, 5 and 6 of the foaming agent of the present invention, and the foaming and foam stabilizing properties of the foaming agent of comparative example 6 were substantially about 13 times.
Comparative example foaming liquid 1 was a foaming liquid without any foam stabilizer added, and the 50% liquid separation time of the formed foam 17 was 38.5min. The foam stabilizer of the comparative example 2 is added into the foaming liquid 2, the foam stabilizer does not contain sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant, the 50% liquid separation time of the formed foam is 40.3min, the 50% liquid separation time of the foaming liquid 2 of the comparative example is only prolonged by 1.8min compared with the 50% liquid separation time of the foaming liquid 1 of the comparative example without the foam stabilizer, and the two groups of data compare the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant to have main effect on the stability of the foam.
Compared with the example foaming liquid 3 obtained by adding the foam stabilizer of the example 3, the 50% liquid separation time of the example foaming liquid 3 is 70.3min, and is far longer than the 50% liquid separation time of the example foaming liquid 2 by 40.3min. The three groups of data of the comparative example foaming liquid 1, the comparative example foaming liquid 2 and the example foaming liquid 3 show that the foam stabilizer prepared in the invention mainly plays a role in stabilizing foam and is a sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant.
Foam stabilizing agents are added into the foam 1-16 and the foam 18-22, and the 50% liquid separation time of the foam is higher than that of the foam 17, which indicates that the foam stabilizing agents play a role in stabilizing foam.
The foam 19 and the foam 20 respectively adopt the conventional and practical organic silicon resin polyether and the modified nano silicon dioxide as foam stabilizers, and the 50% liquid separation time of the foam is 56.4min and 54.7min respectively, which shows that the conventional foam stabilizers are limited in improvement of foam stability, and the foam stabilizer provided by the invention can improve the 50% liquid separation time of the foam to more than 60min, especially the 50% liquid separation time of the foam in the foam 3 adopting the foam stabilizer of the embodiment 3 reaches more than 70min, so that the foam stability is greatly improved.
In foam 21 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 5) and foam 22 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 6), the lack of cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant, respectively, reduced the 50% liquid separation time of the foam relative to foam 3 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of example 3), but still greater than foam 18 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 2), indicating that cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant have less effect on foam stability, whereas the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant of the present invention has a determining effect on foam stability.
2. Foam stabilization in different types of blowing agents
Selection of a foaming agent:
(1) Blowing agents of the anionic type: the foaming agent formula for the conventional lightweight concrete comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.5% of sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12), 6.0% of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES), 4.5% of alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate (AOS), 6.0% of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35), 4% of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, 2% of triethanolamine and the balance of water.
(2) Conventional zwitterionic blowing agents: the main component is cocamidopropyl betaine CAB-35, and a small amount of anionic surfactant is added.
(3) Conventional bio-based foaming agents: the main component is polypeptide or amino acid mixture formed by biological protein fermentation.
The foam stabilizers obtained in example 3 and comparative examples 3 to 6 were each diluted to 100g with municipal tap water to form a foam stabilizer solution.
And then respectively taking 60g of an anionic foaming agent, 60g of a conventional zwitterionic foaming agent and 60g of a conventional bio-based foaming agent, respectively adding 1840g of municipal tap water into the three foaming agents, and fully mechanically stirring for 30min to form examples 17-19 and comparative foaming liquids 7-18.
The foam stabilizing performance testing method comprises the following steps: the foaming liquids 17 to 19 of the above examples and the foaming liquids 7 to 18 of the comparative examples were thoroughly mixed with compressed air under a pressure of 0.2Mpa of about 30L/min by a constant flow pump of 1.5L/min to form a foam 23 to foam 37 by a foam generator, and then the expansion ratio and 50% liquid separation time of the produced foam were calculated according to the volume and weight of the foam and the decay rate of the foam. The test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 foam Properties in tap Water
As can be seen from table 3, in the foaming liquids of three systems of anionic foaming agent, conventional zwitterionic foaming agent and conventional bio-based foaming agent, the foaming ratio of the system is affected by the adoption of the foam stabilizer (modified nano silicon dioxide) of comparative example 4; the foam stabilizing effect in the anionic foaming agent is obvious, but the foam stabilizing effect in the conventional zwitterionic foaming agent and the conventional bio-based foaming agent is poor, and the foam stabilizing effect in the anionic foaming agent is better by adopting the foam stabilizing agent (lack of cationic surfactant) in the comparative example 3, but the foam stabilizing effect in the conventional zwitterionic foaming agent and the conventional bio-based foaming agent is slightly poor; the foam stabilizer of comparative example 6 (lacking zwitterionic surfactant) had better foam stabilizing effect in conventional zwitterionic blowing agents, but slightly worse in anionic blowing agents and conventional bio-based blowing agents. The foaming liquid 17, the foaming liquid 18 and the foaming liquid 19 of the embodiment, which are composed of the foam stabilizer of the embodiment 3, can keep the 50% liquid separation time at 70min in the anionic foaming agent, the zwitterionic foaming agent and the bio-based foaming agent, and have better foam stabilizing effect and wider application range.
3. High hardness in-water foaming performance test
The foam stabilizers obtained in example 3, example 4, example 6, example 7, example 15, example 16 and comparative examples 2 to 6 were each treated with 0.6g of water having a high hardness (total degree of mineralization 8000mg/L, ca) 2+ 、Mg 2+ The total concentration is 600mg/L, the rest is Cl - And Na (Na) + ) Diluted to 100g to form a foam stabilizer solution.
And then 60g of a conventional foaming agent formula for lightweight concrete and 1840g of high-hardness water are respectively added into the foam stabilizer solution, and the mixture is fully and mechanically stirred for 30min to form 20-25 of an example foaming liquid and 20-24 of a comparative example foaming liquid.
The conventional lightweight concrete foaming agent formulation 60g and high hardness water 1840g were sufficiently mechanically stirred for 30min to form a comparative foaming liquid 19.
The foam stabilizing performance testing method comprises the following steps: the foaming liquids 20 to 25 of the above examples and the foaming liquids 19 to 24 of the comparative examples were thoroughly mixed with compressed air at a pressure of 0.2Mpa of about 30L/min by a constant flow pump of 1.5L/min through a foam generator to form foam 38 to foam 49, and then the expansion ratio and 50% liquid separation time of the produced foam were calculated according to the volume and weight of the foam and the decay rate of the foam. The test results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 foam Properties in high hardness Water
As can be seen from Table 4, the comparative example foam liquid 19 was a foam liquid prepared with high hardness water without any foam stabilizer, the foaming ratio of the formed foam 44 was 13.1 times, the 50% liquid separation time was 37.4 minutes, and the foaming ratio and liquid separation time were somewhat lower than those of the foam liquid prepared with tap water (comparative example foam liquid 1), indicating that the foaming performance of the foam liquid itself was not greatly affected by water.
The foam 46 adopts the prior conventionally used silicone polyether as a foam stabilizer, the 50% liquid separation time of the foam is 51.2min respectively, compared with the 37.4min of the 50% liquid separation time of the foam 44 without the foam stabilizer, the prior conventionally used silicone polyether still has a certain foam stabilizing effect in hard water, but has a certain gap compared with the foam stabilizing effect (56.4 min) in tap water, which indicates that the silicone polyether foam stabilizer cannot adapt to the water quality of the hard water.
The foam 47 adopts the existing modified nano silicon dioxide as a foam stabilizer, the 50% liquid separation time of the foam 47 in high-hardness water is 52.6min, and the foam 47 has a small difference with the 50% liquid separation time (54.7 min) in tap water, which indicates that the modified nano silicon dioxide is insensitive to the change of water quality and salinity as the foam stabilizer; the foam stabilizing effect is far lower than 50% liquid separation time (69.8 min) of the foam 39 of the embodiment 3, and the addition of the modified nano silicon dioxide has a certain defoaming effect, so that the foaming multiple of a foam system is reduced (11.2 times in tap water and 10.8 times in high-hardness water) and is lower than the foaming multiple of the foaming property per se (about 13 times).
In high hardness water, the foam systems of the examples 3, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 16 are adopted, no big difference exists between the foam systems and the corresponding foam solutions in tap water in terms of foaming times and 50% liquid separation time, and especially the 50% liquid separation time of the foam solution 20 of the example, which is obtained by adding the foam stabilizer of the example 3, is 69.8min, which indicates that the foam stabilizer product of the example has strong adaptability to hard water.
In foam 48 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 5) and foam 49 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 6), the lack of cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant, respectively, reduced the 50% liquid separation time of the foam relative to foam 38 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of example 3), but still greater than foam 45 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 2), indicating that cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant have less effect on the foam stability of the hard water, whereas the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant of the present invention has a determining effect on the foam stability.
4. Testing of foaming Performance in seawater
The foam stabilizers obtained in example 3, example 4, example 6, example 7, example 15, example 16 and comparative examples 2 to 6 were diluted with seawater to 100g to form foam stabilizer solutions, respectively, at 0.6 g.
And then 60g of a conventional foaming agent formula for lightweight concrete and 1840g of seawater are respectively added into the foam stabilizer solution, and the mixture is fully and mechanically stirred for 30min to form the foaming liquid 26-31 of the example and the foaming liquid 26-30 of the comparative example.
The conventional lightweight concrete foaming agent formulation 60g and seawater 1840g were sufficiently mechanically stirred for 30min to form a comparative foaming liquid 25.
The foam stabilizing performance testing method comprises the following steps: the foaming liquids 26 to 31 of the above examples and the foaming liquids 25 to 30 of the comparative examples were thoroughly mixed with compressed air under a pressure of 0.2Mpa of about 30L/min by a constant flow pump of 1.5L/min through a foam generator to form foam 50-foam 61, and then the expansion ratio and 50% liquid separation time of the produced foam were calculated according to the volume and weight of the foam and the decay rate of the foam. The test results are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 foam Properties in seawater
As can be seen from Table 5, the comparative example foaming liquid 25 was a foaming liquid prepared with seawater without any foam stabilizer, the foaming ratio of the formed foam 56 was 12.9 times, the 50% liquid separation time was 36.9min, and compared with the foaming liquid prepared with tap water (comparative example foaming liquid 1), the foaming ratio and the liquid separation time were somewhat reduced, indicating that the foaming performance itself of the foaming liquid in seawater was not greatly affected by water.
The foam 58 adopts the prior conventionally used silicone polyether as a foam stabilizer, the 50% liquid separation time of the foam is 42.3min respectively, and compared with the 50% liquid separation time of the foam 56 without the foam stabilizer, the prior conventionally used silicone polyether has very limited foam stabilizing effect in seawater, which indicates that the foam stabilizing effect of the silicone polyether is poorer and poorer along with the rising of salt in the seawater quality.
The foam 59 adopts the existing modified nano silicon dioxide as a foam stabilizer, the 50% liquid separation time of the foam 59 in the seawater is 49.1min, which is not greatly different from the 50% liquid separation time (54.7 min) in tap water, so that the modified nano silicon dioxide as the foam stabilizer is insensitive to the change of the salinity of water quality; the foam stabilizing effect is far lower than 50% liquid separation time (68.1 min) of the foam 50 of the embodiment 3, and the addition of the modified nano silicon dioxide has a certain defoaming effect, so that the foaming multiple of a foam system is reduced (11.2 times in tap water and 9.9 times in seawater) and is lower than the foaming multiple of the foaming property per se (about 13 times).
In seawater, the foam systems of the examples 3, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 16 are reduced to a smaller extent in terms of foaming times or 50% liquid separation time compared with the corresponding foam liquid in tap water, but the reduction amplitude is smaller, so that the influence of the salt concentration change in water quality on the foam stabilizer of the examples is smaller, and particularly the 50% liquid separation time of the foam liquid 26 of the example obtained by adding the foam stabilizer of the example 3 is 68.1min, and the foam stabilizer product of the example has stronger adaptability to seawater compared with the 50% liquid separation time (70.3 min) in tap water.
In foam 60 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 5) and foam 61 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 6), the lack of cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant, respectively, reduced the 50% liquid separation time of the foam relative to 50 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of example 3), but still greater than that of foam 57 (with the addition of the foam stabilizer of comparative example 2), indicating that cationic surfactant and zwitterionic surfactant have less effect on the stability of the seawater foam, whereas the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant of the present invention has a determining effect on foam stability.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiment of the invention is disclosed only as a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is only used for illustrating the technical scheme of the invention, but not limiting the technical scheme; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that; the technical scheme recorded in the various embodiments can be modified or part of technical features in the technical scheme can be replaced equivalently; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (4)
1. The gemini surface active foam stabilizer for the lightweight concrete is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% -45% of sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant, 0.1% -1.0% of thickener, 0.5% -4% of cationic surfactant, 5% -25% of amphoteric surfactant, 5% -20% of reinforcing agent and the balance of water;
the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant has the following chemical structure:
wherein R is 2 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 2-12; r is R 1 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 6-16;
the R is 2 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 2-4; r is R 1 Is alkyl with carbon chain length of 12-16;
the cationic surfactant is one or a mixture of a long-chain alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt and a double-chain quaternary ammonium salt;
the amphoteric surfactant is one or a mixture of more of alkyl betaine, amidopropyl betaine, hydroxysulfobetaine and amine oxide with carbon chain length of 12-16.
2. The gemini surface active foam stabilizer for lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the thickening agent is one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, homo-polyacrylamide and xanthan gum.
3. The gemini surface active foam stabilizer for lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the reinforcing agent is one or a mixture of more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol tertiary butyl ether and diethylene glycol butyl ether.
4. A process for the preparation of a gemini surface active foam stabilizer for lightweight concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the reinforcing agent into the stirring reaction kettle, stirring at a speed of 20-40r/min, slowly adding the thickening agent into the stirring reaction kettle under the stirring condition, and stirring until the thickening agent is uniformly dispersed;
(2) Adding 80% of water into a stirring reaction kettle, stirring for 1-2h at a rotating speed of 60r/min, sequentially adding a sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant, and stirring until the materials are uniform;
(3) Slowly adding the cationic surfactant into the stirring reaction kettle, and continuously stirring for 30-60min; adding the rest 20% of water, and stirring to obtain the foam stabilizer.
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